专题一 名词 课件-2026年河北中考英语二轮复习

该初中英语中考复习课件系统覆盖名词三大核心考点，包括词义辨析、名词的数及所有格，严格对接中考说明要求。通过分析近五年真题，明确词义辨析占比30%、名词数变化占40%、所有格占20%的考查权重，并归纳完形填空词汇复现、词语运用复数转换等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题实训+易错点拨”模式，如结合2023年中考“menu词义辨析”真题，示范语境推断法培养语言能力；通过“中日不变英法变”口诀强化名词复数规则，提升思维品质。针对exercise等易混词设计对比表，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，助力中考冲刺。

中考英语 河北专用 第一部分 考点突破 专题一 名词 考点1　名词词义辨析 名词的分类 考点2　名词的数 一、可数名词的复数形式 1.可数名词复数形式的变化规则 注意    1.以ch结尾的名词中,ch读/k/时,其复数应加-s。如:stomach(肚子)→stomachs。 2.有些名词虽以s结尾,但它们不是复数。如:physics物理、maths数学、politics政治、news新闻。 2.一些可数名词变复数的特例 (1)某国人变复数,记忆口诀为“中日不变英法变,其余s加后面”。 例　Chinese→Chinese　 　 Japanese→Japanese Englishman→Englishmen　　　Frenchman→Frenchmen Australian→Australians　　　 Russian→Russians (2)以“o”结尾的名词,有三个常见的词要加-es,它们是“英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”,即“heroes、 potatoes、tomatoes”。 (3)名词修饰名词时,若前面的名词是man、woman,变复数时,前后两个名词都要变成复数形式;如 果前面的名词是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。 例　a man teacher→two men teachers a boy student→two boy students an apple tree→two apple trees (4)在“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词中,其中的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。 例　She is a five-year-old girl. 她是一个五岁的女孩。(five-year-old不能说成five-years-old) 知识拓展    1.有些名词本身即是复数形式,一般不用作单数。如:shorts、trousers、pants、 clothes、scissors、glasses(眼镜)。 2.集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。一般来说,强调整体时作单数看待,强调它的成员时 作复数看待。如: His family isn’t large. 他家人不多。 His family are all music lovers. 他的家人都喜欢音乐。 二、不可数名词 1.不可数名词表示量的方法 (1)用some、much、(a)little、a lot of、lots of、plenty of、any等修饰,表示量的多少。 例　The rich man has a lot of money. There is some juice in the bottle. Do you have any advice? (2)使用“数词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词”的结构。 例    a drop of water 一滴水 two cups of tea 两杯茶 2.常考的不可数名词 advice(建议)　　　　 　furniture(家具) clothing(衣服)　　　 fun(乐趣) paper(纸)　　 　sugar(糖) work(工作)　　 　harm(损害) news(新闻)　　　 progress(进步) traffic(交通)　　 　trouble(麻烦) weather(天气)　　 　wealth(财富） homework(家庭作业)　　　information(信息) 易混易错　有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同,如: exercise(锻炼)—an exercise(练习题) work(工作)—a work(作品) glass(玻璃)—a glass(玻璃杯) orange(橙汁)—an orange(橙子) paper(纸)—a paper(报纸,论文,试卷) tea(茶)—two teas(两杯茶) room(空间)—a room(房间) light(光)—a light(灯） experience(经验)—an experience(经历) 三、名词的修饰语 1.常见的只修饰可数名词的修饰语 few 很少;几乎没有 　　a few 一些;几个 several 几个　　 　different 不同的 a couple of 两个;几个　　　many (a) 很多 a number of 若干;许多 a great/large number of 许多 2.常见的只修饰不可数名词的修饰语 little 很少;几乎没有　　 　a little 一点儿;少量 much 很多　　 　a good/great deal of 很多 a bit of 一点儿　　　a large amount of 大量的 3.常见的既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语 some 一些　　　 a lot of 很多 lots of 很多　　　 plenty of 充足的 most 大多数的　　　all 全部的 the rest of 剩下的 考点3　名词所有格 一、名词所有格的定义和形式 　　名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式:一种是-’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。 例　Beijing is China’s capital. =Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 二、名词所有格的用法 1.用and连接两个并列的名词,表示共有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s。 例　This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom. 这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。 用and连接两个并列的名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加-’s。 例　These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags. 这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。 2.以s结尾的名词,在s后加-’;不以s结尾的词,在词尾加-’s。 例    Teachers’ Day教师节 Children’s Day儿童节 3.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。 例　the door of the room房间的门 4.表示店铺、医院、诊所和住宅等时,常在名词后加-’s。 例　at the doctor’s在诊所 5.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词,如someone、everybody等和else连用时,-’s应加在else后。 例    somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔 6.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西时,可以在词尾加-’s或-’来构成名词所有格。 例    today’s newspaper今天的报纸 two metres’ distance两米的距离 Belgium’s capital比利时的首都 三、双重所有格的两种形式 1.of+名词所有格 例　He is a friend of my elder brother’s. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 2.of+名词性物主代词 例　Is she a daughter of yours? 她是你的女儿吗? 一、名词与完形填空 　　 1.词汇复现  例　He had several apple trees in his yard, full of apples. However, kids were...to go into the yard... Dawson was kind and gave them each a fresh 　　    from his yard. A.orange　　　　B.strawberry C.pear　　 　　D.apple (上文提到“He had several apple trees in his yard,full of apples.”,结合空后的“from his yard”可 知,此处指的还是苹果,是apple的复现。故选D。) 2.语境推断法 根据上下文的语境提示或暗示来推敲,切勿脱离文章以自己的主观判断进行选择。 例　When my sister Gina was born,she had a problem with her heart. She was weak after a long 　         and had to go to the hospital very often. A.health　　　B.illness　　　C.peace　　　D.letter (由下文“had to go to the hospital very often”可推知,她病了很久。故选B。) 3.利用生活常识判断 例　My friend made a face and helped me up. “Be more careful next time,” she said. Tears ran down my 　　    . A.leg　　　B.arm　　　C.hand　　　D.face (根据常识可知,眼泪是顺着脸颊流下来的。故选D。) 二、名词与词语运用 (一) 1.利用可数名词的复数的修饰语 修饰可数名词复数的词有:some、lots of、a lot of、few、a few、several、many、too many、a number of、all kinds of、a pair of等。 例    People eat eggs on their birthday in some 　　    (place) of China. (some修饰可数名词复数形式,故填places。) 2.根据语境提示判断 根据上下文的语境提示或暗示来推敲,记住当可数名词前没有冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰时要 用复数。 例　Until 　　    (thing) changed, Susan decided to stay up in the tree. (thing是可数名词,空前没有限定词,故填things。) 3.利用主谓一致 例　For many kinds of fish, although seeing is important, 　　    (sense) such as smell and touch are even more important. (由主句中的谓语动词“are”可知,作为主句主语的“sense”应该用复数形式,故填senses。) 4.大于1的基数词+可数名词复数 例　There two rich 　　    (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told him not to open it until two o’clock of the day. (由空前的基数词“two”可知,应该用brother的复数形式brothers。) 5.根据句法结构 例　Over the years, Gong Bao Chicken has become one of the most popular 　　    (dish) in Chinese restaurants throughout the world. (此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,所以这里 填dish的复数形式dishes。) (二) 1.根据词性 例　Micky says he wants to work in hospitals where he can help people with different 　　    (ill). (设空处前出现形容词“different”,形容词修饰名词,故答案应为ill的名词复数形式illnesses。) 2.根据名词固定短语搭配 例　A small act of kindness sometimes may make a great 　　    (different)! (make a difference为固定短语,意思为“产生影响;有作用”,故答案为difference。) 五年中考 考点1　名词词义辨析 1.In a restaurant, people usually choose food and drink from the 　　    . A.book　　　　 B.menu C.newspaper　　　　D.magazine 1.B　book书;menu菜单;newspaper报纸;magazine杂志。根据具体语境可知,此处指人们从菜单上 点食物和饮料,故选B。 2.I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite　　    . A.singers　　　　 B.dancers C.painters　　　 　D.writers 2.A　singer歌手;dancer舞者;painter画家;writer作家。song 和singer是对应关系,故选A。 知识拓展　词组“one of...”意为“……之一”,后面要跟可数名词复数。 3.Did you hear the　　    ? A scientist will visit our school. A.advice　　　　B.news C.praise　　　 　D.choice 3.B    advice建议;news新闻,消息;praise称赞,赞扬;choice选择。“A scientist will visit our school.” 句意:一位科学家将到访我们学校。这是一条消息,故选B。 知识拓展　news意为“新闻;消息”,为不可数名词。其常见短语和谚语有:a piece of good news一 条好消息;some bad news一些坏消息;No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。advice意为“建 议”,为不可数名词。其常见短语有:a piece of advice一条建议;some advice 一些建议;take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议。 考点2　名词的数 1.Wow!I like those bright 　　    (color)! 1.colors　color在具体指某种或多种颜色时为可数名词,根据前面的“those”可知,此处应填colors。 2.She plants different 　　    (kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden. 2.kinds　由前面的“different”可知,设空处应用名词复数形式。故答案为kinds。 3.We usually play 　　    (match) on Saturday mornings. 3.matches　match为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。故答案为matches。 4.“Mixing is the most important of all the 　　    (step),” she said. 4.steps　step为可数名词,“all”后接可数名词复数,故填steps。 5.“It has the memorable events we have experienced together. I have also written some　　    (note) under each of these photos,” he said. 5.notes　note为可数名词,在本语境中意为“注释”,根据前面的“some”可知,此处应填notes。 考点3　名词所有格 1.My parents took me to the amusement park on 　　    Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. A.Children’s　　　　B.Children C.Child’s　　　　 D.Child 1.A　根据语境可知,此处指在儿童节那天,父母带“我”去游乐园。儿童节的正确表达是Children’s Day。故选A。 2.We offered to look after our 　　    (neighbor) dog when she was away. 2.neighbor’s　由人称代词“she”可知,此处特指这一个邻居,应用单数形式;分析语境可知,设空 处提示词“neighbor”与空后的“dog”是所属关系,应用名词所有格。故填neighbor’s。 3. 　　    father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world. A.Tony and Peter’s B.Tony’s and Peter C.Tony’s and Peter’s D.Tony and Peter 3.A　根据空后的“father is a pilot”可知,此处指两个人共有的爸爸,应在后一个人名后加-’s。故 选A。 一、单项选择 1.It’s a pity that we’ll have no 　　    to watch the game next Sunday. A.choice　　　　B.reason C.chance　　　　D.place 1.C　考查名词辨析。choice选择;reason理由;chance机会;place地方。结合选项可知,只有“no chance”才会感到“It’s a pity”,此处指因为没有机会看比赛而感到遗憾,故选C。 2.I won’t make such a mistake again. Please believe my 　　    . A.suggestion　　　 　B.friendship C.organization　　　　D.promise 2.D　考查名词辨析。suggestion 建议;friendship友谊;organization 组织; promise 承诺。分析语境 可知,“I won’t make such a mistake again.”是一句承诺,故选D。 3.—Oh, dear! There isn’t enough 　　    for us in the lift. —No hurry. Let’s wait for the next. A.room　　　　B.seat C.floor　　　　 D.ground 3.A　考查名词辨析。由“Let’s wait for the next.”可知,电梯里没有空间了,room在此处是不可数 名词,意为“空间”,故选A。 知识拓展　room作为可数名词时意为“房间”;作为不可数名词时意为“空间”。 4.县部分重点中学联考二模]Would you like a 　　    for desserts? You know fruit is good for health. A.potato　　　　 B.peach C.pancake　　　　D.pie 4.B　考查名词辨析。potato土豆;peach桃子;pancake烙饼;pie馅饼。由“You know fruit is good for health.”可知,此处指的是用水果做甜点,只有peach属于水果,故选B。 5.The 　　    of the course is to teach students how to improve their writing skills. A.manner　　　　B.purpose C.survey　　 　　D.habit 5.B　考查名词辨析。分析语境可知,教学生如何提高写作技能是这个课程的目的。purpose意为 “目的”,符合语境,故选B。 6.县部分重点中学联考一模]These machines look the same, but their 　　    on the environment are different. A.solutions　　　　B.methods C.secrets　　　　 D.effects 6.D　考查名词辨析。solution解决方法;method方法;secret秘密,秘诀;effect影响。根据语境,能跟 “on the environment”呼应的只有“effect”,此处指对环境的影响,故选D。 7.One of the most popular 　　    of Chinese New Year is giving out money in Hongbao. A.traditions　　 　B.speeches C.sports　　　　 D.tours 7.A　考查名词辨析。tradition传统;speech演讲;sport运动;tour旅游。分析语境可知,春节发红包是 中国最受欢迎的传统之一,tradition符合语境,故选A。 知识拓展　选项要放在语境中思考,句子的意思要符合逻辑。只有tradition与“Chinese New Year is giving out money in Hongbao”相符。 8.The success of China’s Space Program is the 　　    of many scientists’ hard work. A.result　　　　B.regret C.secret　　　　 D.service 8.A　考查名词辨析。result结果;regret 遗憾;secret 秘密;service服务。由语境可知,中国太空计划 的成功是许多科学家辛勤工作的结果,result符合语境,故选A。 9.Please be quiet! He needs complete 　　    when he’s working. A.fairness　　　B.silence C.trust　　　　 D.fun 9.B　考查名词辨析。fairness公平合理性;silence寂静;trust 信任;fun乐趣。由“Please be quiet!” 可知,此处指他需要绝对的安静,silence符合语境。故选B。 10.Believe in yourself and you are sure to make a 　　    . A.mess　　　B.face　　　C.mistake　　　D.difference 10.D　考查名词短语辨析。make a mess 搞成一团糟;make a face 做鬼脸;make a mistake犯错误; make a difference产生影响。由“Believe in yourself”可知,此处指你一定会有所作为。make a difference符合语境。故选D。 11.The saying “One tree can’t make a forest.” tells us the importance of 　        . A.teamwork　　　　B.knowledge C.friendship　　　　D.housework 11.A    考查名词辨析。teamwork团队合作;knowledge知识;friendship友谊;housework家务。“One tree can’t make a forest”意为“独木不成林”,这句话强调的是团队合作的重要性。故选A。 12.We should learn the 　　    of the Chinese women’s soccer team—never give up. A.score　　　　B.support C.spirit　　　 　D.sense 12.C　考查名词辨析。score比分;support支持;spirit精神;sense感觉。由“never give up”可知,这 是一种精神。故选C。 13.Li Ming looks very happy. He has made great 　　    in his English study. A.progress　　　B.knowledge C.courage　　　　D.decision 13.A　考查名词辨析。progress 进步; knowledge 知识; courage 勇气; decision决定。由“Li Ming looks very happy.”可知,他在英语上取得了很大的进步。make great progress取得很大的进步,符 合语境。故选A。 14.Bob is the only person that has the 　　    to complete the task. He is the bravest man I know. A.courage　　　　B.advantage C.chance　　　　D.point 14.A　考查名词辨析。courage勇气;advantage优点;chance机会;point观点。由“He is the bravest man I know.”可知,此处指鲍勃有勇气完成任务,courage符合语境。故选A。 15.It’s important for students to develop the 　　    of learning and thinking on their own. A.ability　　　　 B.progress C.memory　　　　D.direction 15.A　考查名词辨析。ability能力;progress进步;memory记忆;direction方向。由后面“learning and thinking”可知,这是一种能力。故选A。 二、词语运用 16.No matter how busy you are at work, try to spend more time with your family, especially your 　　    (child). Sometimes, they can really bring joy. 16.children　考查名词复数。由“Sometimes, they can really bring joy.”可知,主语“they”指代空 处的“孩子”,因此设空处应用复数形式,child的复数是children,故填children。 17.Sun, who has been learning to cook from her father since she was eight, can now cook more than fifty 　　    (dish). 17.dishes　考查名词复数。dish为可数名词,由前面的“fifty”可知,设空处应该用名词的复数形 式。故填dishes。 18.His comic and funny 　　    (action) and words in films always make people laugh. 18.actions　考查名词复数。设空处和后面的名词“words”是and连接的并列成分,分析句子结构, 需填与words并列的名词复数,action的复数形式是actions。 19.That season, I broke all of Miller’s 　　    (record) while he watched the home games from the bench. 19.records　考查名词复数。record是可数名词,由前面的“all of”可知,此处应该用名词的复数形 式。故填records。 20.He said that there were many people who were better than him and had better 　　    (skill). He was just one of them. 20.skills　考查名词复数。skill为单数可数名词,前面没有修饰词和限定词,根据“many people” 可知skill用复数形式skills。 21.It just takes me fifteen 　　    (minute) to walk to school. 21.minutes　考查名词复数。minute为可数名词,由前面的数词“fifteen”可知,此处应该用复数形 式。故填minutes。 22.In China, they say that 　　    (baby) are one year old when they are born. 22.babies　考查名词复数。由谓语动词“are”可知,主语“baby”应用复数形式。故填babies。 23.Not long after, she developed a serious disease, and she couldn’t afford these medical 　　    (bill). 23.bills　考查名词复数。bill为可数名词,由空前的修饰语“these”可知,此处应用名词的复数形 式。故答案为bills。 一、完形填空微语篇 22-year-old Michael Ha has become an example to young people because of his story of success. He was born in a very poor     1     of five people. His family moved to Britain, but they couldn’t find any jobs there because they spoke little English. The whole family lived in a small     2     in a poor area. Growing up was not easy for Michael, but he never gave up. At the     3     of ten, he set his heart on going to the University of Cambridge. Michael studied at a     4     that used to be the worst in Britain. However, young Michael made up his mind to try his best, no matter what kind of school he was study- ing at. The smart boy studied very hard and did well in every     5     at school. As a result, Michael reached his     6    . Now Michael is a top medical student in the University of Cambridge. He hopes he can be an     7     to other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. 基础练 1.A.country　　　　B.village C.city　　　　 D.family 2.A.home　　　　 B.house C.building　　　　D.office 3.A.stage　　　　 B.age C.time　　　　 D.year 4.A.school　　　　 B.garden C.park　　　　 D.museum 5.A.club　　　　 B.game C.subject 　　　　D.sport 6.A.advice　　　　 B.goal C.idea　　 　　D.record 7.A.interest　　　　B.example C.opinion　　　 　D.engineer 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了迈克尔·哈是如何坚持自己的梦想并最终实现目 标的。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中的“生活与学习”主题群,涉及“丰富、充实、积极向 上的生活”子主题内容。 1.D　考查名词辨析。根据空后的“of five people”和下一句中的“His family”可知,他生活在一 个五口之家,故选D。 2.B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,此处强调迈克尔一家居住的小房子。home指某人出生以及 成长的环境或与某人一起居住的地方;house强调人们居住的建筑物本身;building泛指一切建筑物, 不限于居住的房子;office指办公室。故选B。 3.B　考查名词辨析。“at the age of+基数词”为固定短语,意为“在……岁时”,故选B。 4.A　考查名词辨析。根据空前的“studied”和下一句中的“no matter what kind of school”可 知,此处指学校,故选A。 5.C　考查名词辨析。由空前的“The smart boy studied very hard”可知,迈克尔·哈在学校每门功 课都很好,故选C。 6.B　考查名词辨析。根据空前的“reached”和下一句“Now Michael is a top medical student in the University of Cambridge.”可知,迈克尔达到了自己的目标,故选B。 7.B　考查名词辨析。根据文章第一句中的“has become an example to young people”可知,迈克 尔希望自己能成为其他来自弱势背景的年轻人的榜样,故选B。 二、词语运用微语篇 　　Last Friday, our grade took a learning trip to a nearby farm. There are six classes in our grade. The trip was led by six 8.　women    (woman) teachers and eight men teachers. Each class has forty 9.    children    (child). Each of us brought a bottle of water and some healthy food. As soon as we got to the farm, the warm-hearted farmers showed us around their 10.　farms    (farm). We were very excited when we saw the farms for the first time. The 11.　farmers􀆳    (farmer) farms are really big. We saw horses, 12.　foxes    (fox), cows, sheep and other animals on the farms. Then they treated us with fresh tomatoes, 13.　potatoes    (potato) and sweet strawberries. Moreover, we played some games and had fun. Soon it was lunch time. We built a simple stove(火炉) and gathered some dry branches (树枝). Mrs. Liu took out a box of 14.　matches    (match) from her pocket and made a fire. As the saying goes, “Many 15.　hands    (hand) make light work.” Before long, the picnic was ready. How meaningful it was to take such an activity! We need not only to study hard, but also to relax our- selves. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者所在年级的师生去附近的农场开展学习实 践的一次有意义的活动。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中的“社会服务与人际沟通”主题群, 涉及“团队活动与集体生活,参与意识与集体精神”子主题内容。 8.women　考查名词复数。由空后的“teachers”可知,此处应用名词复数形式women。 9.children　考查名词复数。由空前的“forty”可知,此处应用名词复数形式children。 10.farms　考查名词复数。由空前的“their”可知,此处应用farm的复数形式farms。 11.farmers’　考查名词所有格。由语境可知,设空处和后面名词“farms”是所属关系,这里指农 民的农场,应用名词所有格形式;由下文中的“they”可知,这里农民应该用复数;以s结尾的名词变 所有格时在词尾加-’,故填farmers’。 12.foxes　考查名词复数。根据本句中的“horses”“cows”“sheep”和“animals”可知,此处 应填fox的复数形式foxes。 13.potatoes　考查名词复数。根据本句中的“tomatoes”和“strawberries”可知,此处应填potato 的复数形式potatoes。 14.matches　考查名词复数。根据空前的“a box of”并结合语境可知,刘老师从口袋中掏出了一 盒火柴,应用match的复数形式matches。 15.hands　考查名词复数。由空前的“Many”可知,此处应填hand的复数形式hands。 谢谢观看 $