内容正文:
译林版英语六年级下册Unit 1 The lion and the mouse 语法预习
说明:语法知识全面覆盖本单元所有核心考点(一般过去时、情态动词、定语从句基础、介词用法等),结合寓言故事主题,兼顾基础性、综合性和拓展性,贴合六年级学生认知水平;预习检测练习题型丰富,精准对应每个语法点,全面检测预习效果,同时培养学生语法应用能力;答案附带详细解析,明确标注对应语法考点,方便学生自主订正、梳理思路,助力家长辅导。
一、全面语法知识梳理
核心语法点1:一般过去时(本单元核心重点,贯穿整个寓言故事)
本单元寓言故事讲述过去发生的事情,全程使用一般过去时,需全面掌握“动词过去式变化、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句”,是本单元重中之重。
(1)一般过去时的定义
表示“过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”,常搭配表示过去的时间状语(本单元重点):one day(一天)、yesterday(昨天)、just now(刚才)、a long long time ago(很久以前)、last week(上周,拓展)。
(2) 动词过去式的变化规则(必掌握,结合本单元重点动词)
规则变化1:
变化规则:一般动词后直接加ed;
本单元重点动词(原形→过去式):walk(走路)→ walked、look(看)→ looked、talk(谈论)→ talked、help(帮助)→ helped
例句(贴合单元主题):The mouse walked by the lion.(老鼠从狮子身边走过。)
规则变化2:
变化规则:以e结尾的动词,加d
本单元重点动词(原形→过去式):like(喜欢)→ liked、live(居住)→ lived、save(拯救)→ saved、hope(希望)→ hoped
例句(贴合单元主题):The mouse saved the lion.(老鼠拯救了狮子。)
规则变化3:
变化规则:以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,加ed
本单元重点动词(原形→过去式):cry(哭)→ cried、try(尝试)→ tried、carry(搬运)→ carried
例句(贴合单元主题):The lion cried loudly.(狮子大声地哭了。)
规则变化4:
变化规则:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母,加ed
本单元重点动词(原形→过去式):stop(停止)→ stopped、hop(跳跃)→ hopped
例句(贴合单元主题):The lion stopped eating the mouse.(狮子停止吃老鼠。)
不规则变化:
本单元重点动词(原形→过去式):is/am(是)→ was、are(是)→ were、eat(吃)→ ate、drink(喝)→ drank、say(说)→ said、do(做)→ did、go(去)→ went、see(看见)→ saw、become(变成)→ became(需单独记忆,本单元重点)
例句(贴合单元主题):The lion was big and strong.(狮子又大又强壮。)
(3)一般过去时的句型结构(必掌握,贴合本单元语境)
1.肯定句:
① 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.(表示过去发生的动作)
例句:The mouse helped the lion.(老鼠帮助了狮子。)、
They talked happily.(他们开心地交谈。)
② 主语 + was/were + 表语.(表示过去存在的状态)
例句:The lion was angry.(狮子很生气。)、
The mice were small.(老鼠很小。)
2.否定句:
① 动作类:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他.(didn’t后动词必须变原形)
例句:The mouse didn’t eat the food.(老鼠没有吃食物。)、He didn’t go to the forest.(他没有去森林。)
② 状态类:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语.(was→wasn’t,were→weren’t)
例句:The lion wasn’t happy.(狮子不开心。)、The mice weren’t big.(老鼠不大。)
3.一般疑问句:
① 动作类:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(Did后动词变原形)
答句:Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t.
例句:Did the mouse help the lion? → Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t.
② 状态类:Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
答句:Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
例句:Was the lion strong? → Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句:
① 对动作提问(what):What + did + 主语 + do + 其他?
例句:What did the mouse do?(老鼠做了什么?)→ It helped the lion.
② 对人提问(who):Who + 动词过去式 + 其他?/ Who + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:Who helped the lion?(谁帮助了狮子?)→ The mouse.
③ 对状态提问(how):How + was/were + 主语?
例句:How was the lion?(狮子怎么样?)→ It was angry.
核心语法点2:情态动词can/could的用法(本单元重点拓展)
本单元通过狮子和老鼠的故事,重点考查情态动词can(现在能力)和could(过去能力)的区别与用法,需掌握两者的句型转换。
1.核心区别:
- can:表示“现在能够、可以”,用于一般现在时;
- could:表示“过去能够、可以”,用于一般过去时(本单元重点),语气比can更委婉(拓展)。
2.句型结构(必掌握,结合单元主题):
① 肯定句:主语 + can/could + 动词原形 + 其他.
例句(现在):The mouse can run fast.(老鼠现在能跑得很快。)
例句(过去):The mouse could run fast.(老鼠那时能跑得很快。)
② 否定句:主语 + can’t/couldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他.(can’t=can not,couldn’t=could not)
例句:The lion couldn’t get out of the net.(狮子那时不能从网里出来。)
③ 一般疑问句:Can/Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
答句:Yes, 主语 + can/could. / No, 主语 + can’t/couldn’t.
例句:Could the mouse help the lion? → Yes, it could. / No, it couldn’t.
3.易错点提醒:
can和could后面永远跟动词原形,无论主语是单数还是复数;could不仅是can的过去式,还可用于委婉请求(如:Could you help me?),本单元重点考查“过去能力”。
核心语法点3:定语从句基础(that/who引导,本单元难点,预习重点)
本单元出现简单的定语从句,用于修饰前面的名词(人或物),六年级预习重点掌握“that/who的基本用法”和简单句型,为初中学习铺垫。
1.定义:修饰名词(人或物)的句子,放在名词后面,说明“什么样的人”或“什么样的物”。
2.本单元重点引导词及用法:
① who:引导定语从句,修饰“人”,在从句中作主语。
例句(本单元):There was a lion who was very big and strong.(有一只又大又强壮的狮子。)
(who修饰lion,说明是“又大又强壮的狮子”,who在从句中作主语)
② that:引导定语从句,修饰“人或物”,在从句中作主语或宾语(本单元重点修饰物)。
例句(本单元):The mouse bit the net that was around the lion.(老鼠咬了缠绕在狮子身上的网。)
(that修饰net,说明是“缠绕在狮子身上的网”,that在从句中作主语)
3.重点:
- 识别定语从句:找到被修饰的名词(先行词),后面的句子就是定语从句;
- 区分who和that:修饰人用who,修饰物用that(本单元暂不考查复杂用法,掌握基础区分即可);
- 注意:定语从句的时态要和主句一致(本单元主句用一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时)。
核心语法点4:介词的用法(结合本单元语境,重点拓展)
本单元出现多个与故事场景相关的介词,重点掌握“by、in、on、around、with”的用法,结合句子语境理解,避免混淆。
1. by:表示“在……旁边”,本单元重点用法。
例句:The mouse walked by the lion.(老鼠从狮子身边走过。)
2. in:表示“在……里面”,结合故事中的“网、森林”等场景。
例句:The lion was in the net.(狮子在网里。)、There was a lion in the forest.(森林里有一只狮子。)
3. on:表示“在……上面”,结合具体场景。
例句:The net was on the lion.(网在狮子身上。)
4. around:表示“围绕、缠绕”,本单元重点短语。
例句:The net was around the lion.(网缠绕着狮子。)
5. with:表示“用……(工具)”,结合动作场景。
例句:The mouse bit the net with its teeth.(老鼠用它的牙齿咬网。)
核心语法点5:形容词的比较级(本单元基础拓展,贴合故事对比场景)
本单元通过狮子和老鼠的对比(大vs小、强壮vs弱小),涉及形容词比较级的基础用法,预习重点掌握“单音节形容词比较级变化规则”和简单句型。
1.单音节形容词比较级变化规则(本单元重点):
① 一般形容词后直接加er:big→bigger、strong→stronger、small→smaller;
② 以e结尾的形容词,加r:nice→nicer、large→larger;
③ 以重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母加er:fat→fatter、thin→thinner(拓展)。
2.本单元重点句型(对比两者):
主语 + be + 形容词比较级 + than + 对比对象.
例句:The lion is bigger than the mouse.(狮子比老鼠大。)、The mouse is smaller than the lion.(老鼠比狮子小。)
补充语法点(预习了解,后续课堂巩固)
1.动词短语(本单元核心,结合一般过去时使用):walk by(走过)、wake up(叫醒)、get out(出来)、bite the net(咬网)、save sb.(拯救某人)、laugh at(嘲笑,拓展);
2. 代词的用法(衔接六年级重点):人称代词主格(he/she/it/they)、宾格(him/her/it/them),如:The lion saw the mouse and wanted to eat it.(it指代mouse);
3. 感叹句基础(贴合故事情感):How + 形容词 + 主语 + be! 如:How strong the lion is!(狮子真强壮啊!),预习了解即可。
练习
注意事项:本练习题型丰富,全面覆盖本单元所有核心语法点,无超纲内容;答题时书写规范、字迹工整,完成后对照答案订正,重点巩固错题对应的语法点,梳理薄弱环节;阅读理解题需结合语法知识和故事语境作答。
一、写出下列动词的过去式(考查语法点1:动词过去式变化)
1. walk → ________ 2. help → ________
3. save → ________ 4. cry → ________
5. stop → ________ 6. is → ________
7. are → ________ 8. eat → ________
9. do → ________ 10. see → ________
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(考查语法点1:一般过去时用法)
1. One day, a mouse ________(walk)by a lion. The lion ________(be)asleep.
2. The mouse ________(wake)up the lion. The lion ________(be)very angry.
3. The lion ________(want)to eat the mouse, but the mouse ________(ask)for help.
4. The mouse ________(bite)the net and ________(help)the lion get out.
5. They ________(talk)happily and ________(become)good friends.
6. The lion ________(not eat)the mouse. He ________(be)kind to it.
7. What ________(do)the mouse ________(do)yesterday? It ________(help)the lion.
8. The lion ________(can not)get out of the net. The mouse helped it.
三、单项选择(考查所有核心语法点)
( )1. There was a lion ________ was very strong.
A. who B. that C. what
( )2. The mouse ________ fast, so it ran away.
A. can run B. could run C. could ran
( )3. The lion is ________ than the mouse.
A. big B. bigger C. biger
( )4. —________ did the mouse do? —It bit the net.
A. What B. Who C. How
( )5. The mouse walked ________ the lion quietly.
A. in B. by C. on
( )6. —Did the lion eat the mouse? —________
A. Yes, it did. B. No, it wasn’t. C. Yes, it was.
( )7. The lion ________ get out of the net, but the mouse helped it.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. didn’t
( )8. The net was ________ the lion. It couldn’t move.
A. around B. in C. by
( )9. There ________ some mice in the forest yesterday.
A. is B. was C. were
( )10. The mouse bit the net ________ its teeth.
A. with B. in C. on
四、按要求改写句子(考查语法点1、2)
1. The mouse helped the lion.(改为否定句)
________________________________
2. The lion was very angry.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
疑问句:________________________________
否定回答:________________________________
3. The mouse could run fast.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
疑问句:________________________________
肯定回答:________________________________
4. The mouse bit the net.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________
5. The lion is bigger than the mouse.(改为一般过去时)
________________________________
6. They became good friends.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
疑问句:________________________________
肯定回答:________________________________
五、改错(找出错误并改正,考查所有核心语法点)
1.The lion didn’t ate the mouse. (________ → ________)
2.There was a lion who were very strong.(______ → _____)
3.The mouse could ran fast. (________ → ________)
4.The lion is strong than the mouse.(_______ → ________)
5.The mouse walked in the lion quietly.(______ → ______)
6.What did the mouse did? (________ → ________)
六、连词成句(考查所有核心语法点)
1. walked, by, a, mouse, the, lion, one, day (.)
________________________________
2. lion, the, angry, was, very (.)
________________________________
3. could, the, mouse, fast, run (.)
________________________________
4. helped, the, the, lion, mouse, get, out (.)
________________________________
5. is, the, than, bigger, lion, mouse, the (.)
________________________________
6. did, what, the, yesterday, mouse, do (?)
________________________________
七、阅读理解(结合语法知识,考查综合应用)
A long long time ago, there was a strong lion in the forest. He was bigger than all the other animals. One day, he was asleep under a tree. A small mouse walked by and woke him up. The lion was very angry. He wanted to eat the mouse. “Please don’t eat me!” the mouse said. “I can help you one day.” The lion laughed. He thought the mouse was too small to help him, but he didn’t eat the mouse.
Some days later, the lion was caught in a net. He couldn’t get out. He cried loudly. The mouse heard him and ran to help. The mouse bit the net with its teeth. Soon, the lion got out. “Thank you,” the lion said. “I was wrong. Small animals can help big animals too.” Then they became good friends.
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
( )1. What was the lion like?
A. Small and weak. B. Big and strong. C. Big and angry.
( )2. Why did the lion want to eat the mouse?
A. Because the mouse was small.
B. Because the mouse woke him up.
C. Because the mouse bit him.
( )3. The lion ________ eat the mouse.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. wasn’t
( )4. What could the mouse do to help the lion?
A. It could run fast. B. It could bite the net.
C. It could carry the lion.
( )5. Which sentence is true?
A. The mouse was bigger than the lion.
B. The lion couldn’t get out of the net by himself.
C. The lion didn’t thank the mouse.
( )6. What can we learn from the story?
A. Big animals are strong.
B. Small animals can’t help big animals.
C. Small animals can help big animals too.
参考答案及解析
一、写出下列动词的过去式
1. walked 2. helped 3. saved 4. cried 5. stopped
6. was 7. were 8. ate 9. did 10. saw
解析:考查语法点1(动词过去式变化),重点记忆不规则变化(is→was、are→were、eat→ate、do→did、see→saw),其余为规则变化,结合本单元重点动词记忆。
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. walked; was(one day是过去时间,walk用过去式walked;lion是单数,be动词用was)
2. woke; was(结合故事语境,用一般过去时,wake的过去式是woke;lion单数,be动词用was)
3. wanted; asked(一般过去时,want和ask均用过去式,直接加ed)
4. bit; helped(bite的过去式是不规则变化bit,help的过去式是helped)
5. talked; became(talk直接加ed,become的过去式是不规则变化became)
6. didn’t eat; was(否定句,didn’t后加动词原形eat;he是单数,be动词用was)
7. did; do; helped(特殊疑问句,did后加动词原形do;答句用一般过去时,help用过去式helped)
8. couldn’t(can not的过去式是couldn’t,后面加动词原形get)
解析:考查语法点1(一般过去时用法)和语法点2(could用法),结合本单元寓言故事语境,重点考查动词过去式的正确使用、否定句和特殊疑问句结构。
三、单项选择
1. A(考查语法点3:定语从句,修饰人(lion)用who)
2. B(考查语法点2:could表示过去能力,后面加动词原形run)
3. B(考查语法点5:形容词比较级,big的比较级是bigger,双写末尾辅音字母加er)
4. A(考查语法点1:特殊疑问句,对动作提问用what)
5. B(考查语法点4:介词by,walk by表示“走过”,贴合单元句型)
6. A(考查语法点1:一般疑问句,did引导的疑问句,答句用did/didn’t,主语是lion,用it指代)
7. B(考查语法点2:couldn’t表示“过去不能”,结合语境,狮子那时不能从网里出来)
8. A(考查语法点4:介词around,表示“缠绕”,贴合故事场景)
9. C(考查语法点1:一般过去时,mice是复数,be动词用were)
10. A(考查语法点4:介词with,表示“用……工具”,用牙齿咬网)
解析:本题综合考查本单元所有核心语法点,每题对应一个考点,重点检测语法知识的基础应用,贴合六年级预习难度。
四、按要求改写句子
1. The mouse didn’t help the lion.(考查语法点1:一般过去时否定句,didn’t+动词原形help)
2. 疑问句:Was the lion very angry? 否定回答:No, it wasn’t.(考查语法点1:was引导的一般疑问句及答句)
3. 疑问句:Could the mouse run fast? 肯定回答:Yes, it could.(考查语法点2:could引导的一般疑问句及答句)
4. What did the mouse do?(考查语法点1:特殊疑问句,对动作提问,did+动词原形do)
5. The lion was bigger than the mouse.(考查语法点1和5:is的过去式是was,保持比较级结构不变)
6. 疑问句:Did they become good friends? 肯定回答:Yes, they did.(考查语法点1:did引导的一般疑问句,become用原形)
解析:考查语法点1(一般过去时句型转换)和语法点2(could句型转换),重点检测肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的结构掌握情况,贴合单元重点句型。
五、改错
1. ate → eat(考查语法点1:否定句,didn’t后面加动词原形)
2. were → was(考查语法点1和3:定语从句中,先行词lion是单数,be动词用was)
3. ran → run(考查语法点2:could后面加动词原形,不可用过去式)
4. strong → stronger(考查语法点5:than提示用比较级,strong的比较级是stronger)
5. in → by(考查语法点4:介词搭配,walk by表示“走过”,in不符合语境)
6. 第二个did → do(考查语法点1:特殊疑问句,did后面加动词原形)
解析:本题考查本单元语法易错点,涵盖一般过去时、could用法、定语从句、介词、形容词比较级,帮助学生规避常见错误,巩固语法知识。
六、连词成句
1. One day, a mouse walked by the lion.
2. The lion was very angry.
3. The mouse could run fast.
4. The mouse helped the lion get out.
5. The lion is bigger than the mouse.
6. What did the mouse do yesterday?
解析:综合考查本单元所有核心语法点(一般过去时、could用法、形容词比较级、特殊疑问句等),要求句子语法正确、句意通顺,贴合本单元寓言故事主题,同时检测学生的句子组织能力。
七、阅读理解
1. B(由短文第一句“there was a strong lion”和“He was bigger than all the other animals”可知,狮子又大又强壮,考查一般过去时的细节理解)
2. B(由短文第一段“A small mouse walked by and woke him up. The lion was very angry. He wanted to eat the mouse.”可知,狮子想吃老鼠是因为老鼠叫醒了他)
3. A(由短文第一段“but he didn’t eat the mouse”可知,狮子没有吃老鼠,考查一般过去时否定句)
4. B(由短文第二段“The mouse bit the net with its teeth. Soon, the lion got out.”可知,老鼠咬网帮助狮子出来,考查could表示过去能力)
5. B(由短文第二段“The lion was caught in a net. He couldn’t get out.”可知,狮子自己不能从网里出来,考查综合语法和细节理解)
6. C(由短文最后一段“I was wrong. Small animals can help big animals too.”可知,短文告诉我们小动物也能帮助大动物)
解析:本题结合本单元语法知识和寓言故事,考查学生的语法应用能力和阅读理解能力,题目设计贴合预习难度,既检测语法掌握情况,又巩固单元主题。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$