Unit 7 A Good Read 现在完成时-1-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（人教版）

该初中英语单元学习任务单以“现在完成时（1）”为核心，围绕定义、构成、标志词及应用场景设计学习目标，通过表格系统梳理语法要点，构建“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式学习路径，确保知识建构的系统性与连贯性。 亮点在于“规则理解-语境应用-综合迁移”的三阶任务设计，如语法选择中的语篇填空（如Passage 1-6）和完成句子中的中英互译（如句子16-30），培养语言能力和思维品质。资料包含典型例句翻译、标志词对比等工具，既支持学生自主梳理语法规则，又为教师提供分层教学指导，有效提升单元复习效率。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 A Good Read（新教材人教版） （现在完成时（1）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理了现在完成时的定义、构成、标志词及典型例句，清晰呈现其两大核心用法与应用场景，方便精准掌握语法规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句及翻译 一、核心定义 1. 现在全部完成 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice.（我已经看过这部电影两次了。） She has passed her driving test.（她通过了驾照考试，现在能开车了。） 2. 现在部分完成 从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years.（我已经在长沙住了 3 年了。） He has been an English teacher since 1992.（他从 1992 年起就当英语老师了。） 二、句子构成 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词（I/we/you/they 用 have；he/she/it 用 has） We have done our homework already.（我们已经做完作业了。） He has built a house on the island.（他已经在岛上建了一座房子。） 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词（缩写为 haven’t/hasn’t） She hasn’t told Maddie the whole story yet.（她还没把整个故事告诉麦迪。） I have never heard of this story before.（我以前从没听过这个故事。） 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has；否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t） —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —No, never.（— 你去过上海吗？— 从没去过。） —Has your brother made a lot of new friends? —Yes, he has.（— 你哥哥在伦敦交了很多新朋友吗？— 是的。） 三、常用标志词 表 “已经 / 尚未” already（肯定句，可置于句中或句末）、yet（疑问句 / 否定句，置于句末） He has already got her help.（他已经得到了她的帮助。） Has he come back yet?（他已经回来了吗？） He hasn’t come back yet.（他还没回来。） 表 “经历” ever（曾经，用于疑问句）、never（从没，用于否定句） This is the best film I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） He has never been to Beijing.（他从没去过北京。） 表 “持续” for + 时间段（后接多久）、since + 时间点 /…ago / 从句（后接开始时间） He has been away for two years.（他已经离开两年了。） Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago.（格林先生五个月前就住在中国了。） 表 “次数” twice（两次）、three times（三次）等 He says he has been to the USA three times.（他说他去过美国三次。） I have watched the movie three times already.（这部电影我已经看了三次了。） 表 “近期 / 至今” so far（到目前为止）、in the last/past few years（在过去几年里）、recently（最近） Great changes have taken place in our town so far.（到目前为止，我们镇已经发生了巨大的变化。） She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years.（过去几年里她已经学了 2000 多个单词。） 使用注意事项 1. 过去分词变化：需牢记不规则动词的过去分词（如 see→seen、do→done、go→gone/been、hang→hung），规则动词直接加 - ed（如 work→worked）。 2. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段（如 for 3 days），since 后接时间点、“…ago” 或从句（如 since 2020、since 3 days ago、since he came），二者均需搭配延续性动词（如 live、be、study）。 3. 与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调 “过去动作对现在的影响 / 持续到现在”，需用标志词；一般过去时强调 “过去发生的动作本身”，需接具体过去时间（如 yesterday、a week ago）。 4. already 与 yet 的位置：already 多用于肯定句，可在 have/has 后或句末；yet 只用于疑问句和否定句，且必须置于句末。 一、单项选择 1．—Eric. I think cooking is an important skill for teenagers. —I agree with you. I ________ to cook a couple of dishes since last year. A．learned B．learn C．have learned D. learnt 2．Tony isn’t going to the cinema with us because he the film twice. A．sees B．is seeing C．will see D．has seen 3．Kitty ________ to Beijing and she won’t come back until next Monday. A．has been B．had gone C．went D．has gone 4．—You can’t imagine how Mike________! —Oh, yes. He is much happier and works even harder than he used to. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 5．They have ________ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already 6．----Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? ----Yes. I _______ it twice. It’s funny. A．saw B．see C．have seen D．will see 7．—Lily, a concert is being held in our school for the birthday of the Communist Youth League of China. —I know. It has been 100 years since it ________. A．born B．was born C．is born D．has born 8．—Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour. —Because I ________ my task yet. I still need one more hour. A．won't finish B．didn't finish C．haven't finished finished 9．She ________ several companies since she started job hunting last month． A．contacted B．contacts C．has contacted D．had contacted 10．—Would you like to watch the film Lost and Love tonight? —Sure. I still want to see it again although I ________ it already. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D. has watched 11．Great changes________  in Daqing since the 1990s. A．took place B．were taken place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 12．—_________ reading the book Harry Potter? —Not yet. Only a few pages. A．Do you finish B．Are you finishing C．Were you finishing D．Have you finished 13．I ________ Tom in the zoo last Saturday. It ________ three years since we last met. A．have met, is B．have met, was C．met, have been D．met, has been 14．— How long has the foreigner ________ here? — He has ________ here for several hours. A．arrived; come B．stayed; been C．been; got D．left; been away 15．My grandparents _________for fifty years and they are both quite healthy now. A．marry B．have been married C．are married D．have gotten married 二、完成句子 16．但在过去十年，贵州已经建设了许多世界级桥梁。 But in the past ten years, Guizhou many world-class bridges. 17．自从改革开放以来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（完成译句） Great changes have in my hometown since the reform and opening-up. 18．在你的帮助下，我已经取得了很大进步。 I’ve great with your help. 19．We have just packed our suitcases. （改成否定句） We packed our suitcases . 20．我想我们一天吃了五顿饭！我长胖了五磅！ I think that we ate five meals a day! I’ve ! 21．自从来到北京，他已经习惯了这里的生活。 He the life here since he Beijing. 22．They have stayed here for two years. (保持句意不变) They have stayed here two years . 23．I have kept the book since 2 weeks ago. (改为同义句) I have kept the book       . 24．回顾过去的几年，我在学习和生活中都取得了很大进步。 Looking back at the past few years, I great in both study and life. 25．你已经决定去哪里度假了吗? you where to go on vacation? 26．露西把她的偶像的海报贴在了墙上。 Lucy has a poster of her idol on the wall. 27．Mike has tasted Beijing roast duck.（改为一般疑问句） Mike Beijing roast duck? 28．The first dolphin show started half an hour ago. （句型转换） The first dolphin show has for half an hour. 29．这些年我父亲一直坚持晨跑。(完成译句) My father has    running in the morning all these years. 30．老师警告他不要违反交通规则，否则将受到惩罚。 The teacher him not to break the traffic rules, or he would be . 三、语法选择 Passage 1 Tom was born with a problem in his left leg. He felt sad about this. He always dreamed 1 running like other kids. Every day after school, he would sit on a bench in the park, watching the children play football or chase each other. He would cheer for them, but he wondered (想知道) why he couldn’t run as 2 as they did. One afternoon, a sports coach noticed Tom’s sad look. 3 coach walked over and said, “With special running shoes and practice, you can run too.” Tom felt 4 . And from that day on, he practiced 5 for hours every evening. After six 6 hard work, Tom took part in a running race for kids with physical challenges. Although it was hard, he stuck to running. He ran as fast as he could, and the crowd cheered loudly for 7 . Finally, he crossed the finishing line. He smiled 8 . Tom 9 his mind already. Now, he often tells his friends, “Even if you have a physical problem, you 10 make your dreams come true with persistence (坚持).” 1. A．of B．from C．in 2. A．most freely B．more freely C．freely 3. A．The B．A C．An 4. A．exciting B．excited C．excite 5. A．to run B．running C．run 6. A．month B．months C．months’ 7. A．him B．he C．his 8. A．happy B．happily C．happiness 9. A．change B．changed C．has changed 10. A．can B．must C．should Passage 2 In Xuzhou, there is a special kindergarten (幼儿园). Children there are good 1 cooking delicious dishes! How come? The kindergarten does something different—it gives them cooking classes. To help develop 2 ability to look after themselves and keep them away from smartphones, the kindergarten has cooking classes twice a week. So far, the children 3 how to cut vegetables and mix ingredients and so on. These classes aren’t just for fun—they help the children learn important life skills. 4 the weather is nice, the children will have their classes outdoors. In class, teachers carefully show them how to cook dishes like baozi, dumplings, and more. They hope the children 5 find joy in cooking while developing their skills. Also, they expect the children 6 the importance of sharing and working together. Parents also believe this is 7 excellent way to teach. “We are really 8 about the classes. Through these classes, our children get useful life skills. In the future, they will certainly be able to take care of 9 well!” said one parent. The kindergarten believes that little by little, the children will become much 10 , and get ready for future challenges. 1. A．with B．at C．for 2. A．children’s B．children C．child 3. A．learnt B．will learn C．have learnt 4. A．Unless B．So C．If 5. A．can B．must C．might 6. A．understands B．understanding C．to understand 7. A．a B．an C．the 8. A．excite B．excited C．exciting 9. A．them B．their C．themselves 10. A．confident B．more confident C．the most confident Passage 3 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2. A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3. A．or B．and C．but D．so 4. A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5. A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6. A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7. A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8. A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9. A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10. A．What B．What a C．What an D．How Passage 4 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Which do you choose to help you when you are studying, computers or books? Here is a report about it. Let’s have 1 look. Some students think that computers 2 important in our life. They think computers offer them more choices than books. They can look up information on the computer 3 . With the computer, all the work can 4 very well. Computers and the Internet 5 the world so much. However, others think that books are more helpful. First, reading books won’t hurt their eyes 6 much as the computers. Second, books can help them think harder and 7 . They may ask 8 some questions when they are reading. Third, some students don’t use computers to look up information for study. Do you know 9 ? They use computers 10 games. It is not good for their study. What’s your opinion (看法)? 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．are B．am C．is 3. A．easy B．easily C．difficulty 4. A．do B．does C．be done 5. A．changes B．is changing C．have changed 6. A．as B．at C．with 7. A．deeper B．deep C．deepest 8. A．them B．they C．themselves 9. A．what do they B．what they do C．why do they 10. A．to empty B．play C．to play Passage 5 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Building good relationships isn’t hard if we try. Since last term, our class 1 simple ways to connect with others. Many students used to be afraid 2 talking to strangers, but now we know the key is kindness. For example, I once helped a new classmate with her math homework. It took me only 15 minutes 3 the problems, and we became friends soon. She said, “You 4 make more friends if you’re willing to share.” 5 it’s not always easy to understand others, we can try to be 6 at listening than talking too much. Our teacher shared 7 useful tip: remember 8 favorite things. Last week, we prepared small gifts for each other. 9 lovely surprise it was! This experience taught me that 10 in relationships comes from sincerity (真挚). 1. A．discovered B．discover C．have discovered 2. A．of B．to C．with 3. A．explain B．explaining C．to explain 4. A．can B．should C．need 5. A．Because B．If C．Although 6. A．good B．better C．best 7. A．a B．an C．the 8. A．classmates B．classmate’s C．classmates’ 9. A．What a B．What C．How 10. A．succeed B．success C．successful Passage 6 Do you walk slowly? If so, you might not want to hear the results of this study. Scientists at Duke University, US, found that the 1 a person walks, the less capable (有能力的) his or her brain (大脑) is. Scientists studied the walking speeds (速度) of 904 middle-aged people from New Zealand, starting from when they were just 3 2 old. Over 42 years, scientists tested 3 walking speed many times. They found that the speed had something to do 4 the brain. If people had lower IQ scores (智商分数) and worse language skills as children, they 5 likely to become slow walkers as they reached middle age. At the age of 45, the average gap (平均差距) in IQ between the slowest 6 the fastest walkers was 16 points. Scientists said that genes (基因) might be the reason for this. 7 , smarter people might be more likely to do physical activity, which means they might walk faster later in life. Can slower walkers improve their brains? Possibly. So far, German scientists 8 that exercise can build better brains. Scientists looked at the brain scans (扫描) of 1,206 people. They asked them 9 as fast as possible for two minutes. Scientists checked how far they walked and then asked them to take memory (记忆) and problem-solving tests. 10   who walked further and faster did better on the tests. 1. A．slower B．slow C．slowest 2. A．year B．years C．year’s 3. A．they B．them C．their 4. A．with B．of C．for 5. A．are B．were C．is 6. A．and B．or C．so 7. A．But B．So C．However 8. A．found B．find C．have found 9. A．walking B．to walk C．walk 10. A．That B．This C．Those 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 A Good Read（新教材人教版） （现在完成时（1）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理了现在完成时的定义、构成、标志词及典型例句，清晰呈现其两大核心用法与应用场景，方便精准掌握语法规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句及翻译 一、核心定义 1. 现在全部完成 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice.（我已经看过这部电影两次了。） She has passed her driving test.（她通过了驾照考试，现在能开车了。） 2. 现在部分完成 从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years.（我已经在长沙住了 3 年了。） He has been an English teacher since 1992.（他从 1992 年起就当英语老师了。） 二、句子构成 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词（I/we/you/they 用 have；he/she/it 用 has） We have done our homework already.（我们已经做完作业了。） He has built a house on the island.（他已经在岛上建了一座房子。） 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词（缩写为 haven’t/hasn’t） She hasn’t told Maddie the whole story yet.（她还没把整个故事告诉麦迪。） I have never heard of this story before.（我以前从没听过这个故事。） 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has；否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t） —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —No, never.（— 你去过上海吗？— 从没去过。） —Has your brother made a lot of new friends? —Yes, he has.（— 你哥哥在伦敦交了很多新朋友吗？— 是的。） 三、常用标志词 表 “已经 / 尚未” already（肯定句，可置于句中或句末）、yet（疑问句 / 否定句，置于句末） He has already got her help.（他已经得到了她的帮助。） Has he come back yet?（他已经回来了吗？） He hasn’t come back yet.（他还没回来。） 表 “经历” ever（曾经，用于疑问句）、never（从没，用于否定句） This is the best film I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） He has never been to Beijing.（他从没去过北京。） 表 “持续” for + 时间段（后接多久）、since + 时间点 /…ago / 从句（后接开始时间） He has been away for two years.（他已经离开两年了。） Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago.（格林先生五个月前就住在中国了。） 表 “次数” twice（两次）、three times（三次）等 He says he has been to the USA three times.（他说他去过美国三次。） I have watched the movie three times already.（这部电影我已经看了三次了。） 表 “近期 / 至今” so far（到目前为止）、in the last/past few years（在过去几年里）、recently（最近） Great changes have taken place in our town so far.（到目前为止，我们镇已经发生了巨大的变化。） She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years.（过去几年里她已经学了 2000 多个单词。） 使用注意事项 1. 过去分词变化：需牢记不规则动词的过去分词（如 see→seen、do→done、go→gone/been、hang→hung），规则动词直接加 - ed（如 work→worked）。 2. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段（如 for 3 days），since 后接时间点、“…ago” 或从句（如 since 2020、since 3 days ago、since he came），二者均需搭配延续性动词（如 live、be、study）。 3. 与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调 “过去动作对现在的影响 / 持续到现在”，需用标志词；一般过去时强调 “过去发生的动作本身”，需接具体过去时间（如 yesterday、a week ago）。 4. already 与 yet 的位置：already 多用于肯定句，可在 have/has 后或句末；yet 只用于疑问句和否定句，且必须置于句末。 一、单项选择 1．—Eric. I think cooking is an important skill for teenagers. —I agree with you. I ________ to cook a couple of dishes since last year. A．learned B．learn C．have learned D. learnt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——埃里克，我认为烹饪对青少年来说是一项重要的技能。——我同意你的看法。从去年开始我已经学会做几道菜了。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语为“I”，助动词应用have，动词learn的过去分词为learned。故选C。 2．Tony isn’t going to the cinema with us because he the film twice. A．sees B．is seeing C．will see D．has seen 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：托尼不和我们一起去看电影，因为他已经看过这部电影两次。根据twice可知该用现在完成时，所以选D。 考点：考查现在完成时。 3．Kitty ________ to Beijing and she won’t come back until next Monday. A．has been B．had gone C．went D．has gone 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：Kitty去了北京，直到下周一她才会回来。根据句意本句须用现在完成时，再区分A和D选项。has been to 表示已经去了某地，has gone to 表示曾经去过某地。故选D。 考点：考查动词时态。 4．—You can’t imagine how Mike________! —Oh, yes. He is much happier and works even harder than he used to. A．has changed B．changed C．will change D．was changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你无法想象迈克变化有多大！——哦，是的。他比以前更快乐，工作也更努力了。 考查时态。has changed现在完成时；changed一般过去时；will change一般将来时；was changing过去进行时。根据“You can’t imagine how Mike…”可知，此处强调现在的变化之大，让人无法想象，所以应该用现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。故选A。 5．They have ________ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们早已完成家务活，但是他们还没完成他们的家庭作业。 考查动词时态。already早已；yet用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。在现在完成时中，already用于肯定，yet用于否定。根据“They have ... finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ...”可知，第一空为肯定，第二空为否定。故选A。 6．----Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? ----Yes. I _______ it twice. It’s funny. A．saw B．see C．have seen D．will see 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：-你知道《人再囧途之泰囧》这部电影吗？ -是的。我看过两次。很有趣。Saw是see的过去式或过去分词；see看见；have seen是see的现在完成时形式；will see是see的一般将来时形式。根据twice可知该用现在完成时，所以选C。 考点：考查现在完成时。 7．—Lily, a concert is being held in our school for the birthday of the Communist Youth League of China. —I know. It has been 100 years since it ________. A．born B．was born C．is born D．has born 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉，我们学校正在为中国共青团的生日举办一场音乐会。  ——我知道。它诞生已经100年了。 考查现在完成时since用法。born出生，一般现在时；was born一般过去时；is born一般现在时；has born现在完成时。根据“It has been 100 years since it...”可知此处考查since用法。从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故选B。 8．—Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour. —Because I ________ my task yet. I still need one more hour. A．won't finish B．didn't finish C．haven't finished finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你为什么还在这里？已经放学半个多小时了。——因为我还没有完成我的任务。我还需要一个小时。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语yet可知，句子应是现在完成时。故选C。 9．She ________ several companies since she started job hunting last month． A．contacted B．contacts C．has contacted D．had contacted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她自上个月开始求职以来已经联系了几家公司。   考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since she started job hunting last month”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 10．—Would you like to watch the film Lost and Love tonight? —Sure. I still want to see it again although I ________ it already. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D. has watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今晚你想看电影《失孤》吗？——当然。虽然我已经看过了，但我还想再看一遍。 考查动词的时态。根据“already”可知，此处应该用现在完成时，即have/has+done。故选C。 11．Great changes________  in Daqing since the 1990s. A．took place B．were taken place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从20世纪90年代，大庆发生了巨大的变换。根据since the 1990s.可知主句用现在完成时态；changes和 take place之间是主动关系；故选C 12．—_________ reading the book Harry Potter? —Not yet. Only a few pages. A．Do you finish B．Are you finishing C．Were you finishing D．Have you finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你读完《哈利·波特》这本书了吗？——还没有。只读了几页。 考查动词的时态。Do you finish你读完了吗，一般现在时；Are you finishing你正在读吗，现在进行时；Were you finishing你当时正在读吗，过去进行时；Have you finished你已经读完了吗，现在完成时。答语“Not yet”是现在完成时的标志词，用于回应询问动作是否已完成的问句，强调动作对现在的影响。故选D。 13．I ________ Tom in the zoo last Saturday. It ________ three years since we last met. A．have met, is B．have met, was C．met, have been D．met, has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上周六我在动物园遇见了汤姆。我们上次见面已经三年了。 考查时态。根据“last Saturday”可知第一个句子用过去时，动词用过去式；根据“since we last met”可知第二个句子用现在完成时have/has done，第二个句子的主语是It，助动词用has。故选D。 14．— How long has the foreigner ________ here? — He has ________ here for several hours. A．arrived; come B．stayed; been C．been; got D．left; been away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个外国人在这里待了多久？——他在这里已经几个小时了。 考查现在完成时。第一空谓语动词和how long连用，即和一段时间连用，应用延续性动词，arrive和leave都是短暂性动词，不符合，排除AD。第二空也是和一段时间连用，应用延续性动词，have been in“在某地待一段时间”，排除C，故选B。 15．My grandparents _________for fifty years and they are both quite healthy now. A．marry B．have been married C．are married D．have gotten married 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析: 句意：我的祖父母已经结婚50年了，现在他们两个都相当健康。marry结婚，瞬间动词，现在完成时中与表一段时间连用时，需转换成延续性动词，故选B. 考点：考查现在完成时。 二、完成句子 16．但在过去十年，贵州已经建设了许多世界级桥梁。 But in the past ten years, Guizhou many world-class bridges. 【答案】 has built 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经建设”。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知，本句为现在完成时态，其结构为have/has+过去分词，表示“已经做了……”，主语Guizhou为第三人称单数，应用has，build“建设”，其过去分词为built。故填has；built。 17．自从改革开放以来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（完成译句） Great changes have in my hometown since the reform and opening-up. 【答案】 taken place 【详解】take place“发生”，句子是现在完成时态，其结构为have/has done，take的过去分词为taken，故填taken；place。 18．在你的帮助下，我已经取得了很大进步。 I’ve great with your help. 【答案】 made progress 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“取得进步”，用动词短语“make progress”，且由空前“I’ve”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，其结构为have done，故第一个空填make的过去分词made；第二个空填名词progress。故填made；progress。 19．We have just packed our suitcases. （改成否定句） We packed our suitcases . 【答案】 haven’t yet 【详解】句意：我们刚收拾好箱子。否定句在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t，否定句要把just改为yet，并将其放在句末，故填haven’t；yet。 20．我想我们一天吃了五顿饭！我长胖了五磅！ I think that we ate five meals a day! I’ve ! 【答案】 put on five pounds 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，一、二空缺少“长胖”的英文表达，因此可联想到动词短语put on，再根据空前的“I’ve”可知，本句的时态为现在完成时，因此后面的动词应该用其过去分词形式。三、四空缺少“五磅”的英文表达，five五，数词；pound磅，英文中的重量单位，可数名词。故答案为put；on；five；pounds。 21．自从来到北京，他已经习惯了这里的生活。 He the life here since he Beijing. 【答案】 has been used to came to 【详解】据句意可知，第一处表示“已经习惯了”，用现在完成时态的短语“has been used to” ，“be used to”表示“习惯于”，这里用现在完成时强调从过去持续到现在已经习惯的状态；第二处表示“来到”，since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，“来到”用“came to”。故填has been used to；came to。 22．They have stayed here for two years. (保持句意不变) They have stayed here two years . 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：他们已经在这待了两年了。本句时态为现在完成时，时间状语for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago，故填since；ago。 23．I have kept the book since 2 weeks ago. (改为同义句) I have kept the book       . 【答案】 for two weeks 【详解】此处是句子的时间状语，原句是现在完成时，时间状语是“since+时间点”，等同于“for+时间段”；故填for；two；weeks。 24．回顾过去的几年，我在学习和生活中都取得了很大进步。 Looking back at the past few years, I great in both study and life. 【答案】 have made progress 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表达“已经取得很大进步”，用现在完成时态“have/has+动词的过去分词”结构，“取得进步”常见表达为“make progress”，主语是I，助动词用have，make的过去分词是made。故填have；made；progress。 25．你已经决定去哪里度假了吗? you where to go on vacation? 【答案】 Have decided 【详解】根据“已经……了吗”可知，此句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，主语为you，因此助动词用have，置于句首，首字母大写；decide“决定”，此处要用过去分词decided。故填Have；decided。 26．露西把她的偶像的海报贴在了墙上。 Lucy has a poster of her idol on the wall. 【答案】 put up 【详解】对比中英文，此空缺少“贴”的翻译。固定搭配：put up“张贴”，助动词has与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，put的过去分词还是put，故填put；up。 27．Mike has tasted Beijing roast duck.（改为一般疑问句） Mike Beijing roast duck? 【答案】 Has tasted 【详解】句意：迈克尝过北京烤鸭。原句为现在完成时态，改为一般疑问句，要把助动词has提前，置于句首，首字母应大写，后面的动词仍用过去分词形式。故填Has；tasted。 28．The first dolphin show started half an hour ago. （句型转换） The first dolphin show has for half an hour. 【答案】 been on 【详解】句意：第一只海豚表演半个小时前开始了。根据转换句中的“for half an hour”可知时态为现在完成时，其结构为has/have+done，并且动词用延续性动词；原句中的谓语动词为started，其延续性动词为be on，be的过去分词为been。故填been；on。 29．这些年我父亲一直坚持晨跑。(完成译句) My father has    running in the morning all these years. 【答案】 stuck to 【详解】结合句意，“坚持”这个动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词；stick to doing sth.“坚持做某事”，stick的过去分词是stuck。故stuck；to。 30．老师警告他不要违反交通规则，否则将受到惩罚。 The teacher him not to break the traffic rules, or he would be . 【答案】 warned punished 【详解】warn表示“警告”，warn sb. not to do sth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”；由“would”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式；punish“惩罚”，动词，根据语境可知，此处指“被惩罚”，应用被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填warned；punished。 三、语法选择 Passage 1 Tom was born with a problem in his left leg. He felt sad about this. He always dreamed 1 running like other kids. Every day after school, he would sit on a bench in the park, watching the children play football or chase each other. He would cheer for them, but he wondered (想知道) why he couldn’t run as 2 as they did. One afternoon, a sports coach noticed Tom’s sad look. 3 coach walked over and said, “With special running shoes and practice, you can run too.” Tom felt 4 . And from that day on, he practiced 5 for hours every evening. After six 6 hard work, Tom took part in a running race for kids with physical challenges. Although it was hard, he stuck to running. He ran as fast as he could, and the crowd cheered loudly for 7 . Finally, he crossed the finishing line. He smiled 8 . Tom 9 his mind already. Now, he often tells his friends, “Even if you have a physical problem, you 10 make your dreams come true with persistence (坚持).” 1. A．of B．from C．in 2. A．most freely B．more freely C．freely 3. A．The B．A C．An 4. A．exciting B．excited C．excite 5. A．to run B．running C．run 6. A．month B．months C．months’ 7. A．him B．he C．his 8. A．happy B．happily C．happiness 9. A．change B．changed C．has changed 10. A．can B．must C．should 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文主要讲了汤姆虽然左腿有问题，但在教练的鼓励和自己的坚持下，最终参加了跑步比赛并改变了对自己的看法，明白了只要坚持，身体有困难也能实现梦想。 1. 句意：他一直梦想着像其他孩子一样跑步。     of……的；from从；in在……里。根据“He always dreamed...running like other kids.”可知，这里是固定短语dream of doing sth，意为“梦想做某事”，故选A。 2. 句意：他想知道为什么他不能像他们一样自由地奔跑。     most freely最自由地；more freely更自由地；freely自由地。根据“he wondered why he couldn’t run as...as they did.”可知，as…as中间要用形容词或副词原级，故选C。 3. 句意：那位教练走过来对他说……     The这/那（特指）；A一个（泛指，辅音音素开头）；An一个（泛指，元音音素开头）。根据“a sports coach noticed Tom’s sad look...coach walked over…”可知，前面已经提到过“a sports coach”，这里是特指那位教练，故选A。 4. 句意：汤姆感到很兴奋。     exciting令人兴奋的；excited感到兴奋的；excite使兴奋。根据“With special running shoes and practice, you can run too.”可知，听到教练的话，汤姆应该是“感到兴奋的”，修饰人用excited，故选B。 5. 句意：从那天起，他每天晚上练习跑步好几个小时。     to run去跑步；running跑步；run跑。根据“he practiced...for hours every evening.”可知，practice后接动词-ing形式，故选B。 6. 句意：经过六个月的努力……    month月；months月（复数）；months’月的（复数所有格）。根据“After six...hard work”可知，six后接复数名词，且这里表示“六个月的努力”，要用所有格形式，故选C。 7. 句意：他尽自己所能跑得快，观众为他大声欢呼。     him他（宾格）；he他（主格）；his他的（形容词性/名词性物主代词）。根据“the crowd cheered loudly for...”可知，for是介词，后面要用宾格形式，故选A。 8. 句意：他开心地笑了。     happy开心的；happily开心地；happiness幸福。根据“He smiled...”可知，修饰动词smiled要用副词，故选B。 9. 句意：汤姆已经改变了他的想法。     change改变；changed改变（过去式）；has changed已经改变（现在完成时）。根据“Tom...his mind already.”中的already可知，要用现在完成时，故选C。 10. 句意：即使你身体有问题，你也可以通过坚持让梦想成真。      can可以；must必须；should应该。根据“Even if you have a physical problem, you...make your dreams come true with persistence.”可知，这里是说“可以、能够”，故选A。 Passage 2 In Xuzhou, there is a special kindergarten (幼儿园). Children there are good 1 cooking delicious dishes! How come? The kindergarten does something different—it gives them cooking classes. To help develop 2 ability to look after themselves and keep them away from smartphones, the kindergarten has cooking classes twice a week. So far, the children 3 how to cut vegetables and mix ingredients and so on. These classes aren’t just for fun—they help the children learn important life skills. 4 the weather is nice, the children will have their classes outdoors. In class, teachers carefully show them how to cook dishes like baozi, dumplings, and more. They hope the children 5 find joy in cooking while developing their skills. Also, they expect the children 6 the importance of sharing and working together. Parents also believe this is 7 excellent way to teach. “We are really 8 about the classes. Through these classes, our children get useful life skills. In the future, they will certainly be able to take care of 9 well!” said one parent. The kindergarten believes that little by little, the children will become much 10 , and get ready for future challenges. 1. A．with B．at C．for 2. A．children’s B．children C．child 3. A．learnt B．will learn C．have learnt 4. A．Unless B．So C．If 5. A．can B．must C．might 6. A．understands B．understanding C．to understand 7. A．a B．an C．the 8. A．excite B．excited C．exciting 9. A．them B．their C．themselves 10. A．confident B．more confident C．the most confident 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文介绍了徐州一所特殊幼儿园开展烹饪课的情况。 1. 句意：那里的孩子们擅长烹饪美味的菜肴！ with和；at在；for为了。根据“Children there are good...cooking delicious dishes!”可知，此处指擅长烹饪，be good at“擅长”，固定短语。故选B。 2. 句意：为了帮助培养孩子们照顾自己的能力，让他们远离智能手机，幼儿园每周上两次烹饪课。 children’s孩子们的；children孩子们；child孩子。根据“ability to look after themselves”可知，此处指孩子们照顾自己的能力，用名词所有格children’s修饰名词ability。故选A。 3. 句意：到目前为止，孩子们已经学会了如何切菜和混合配料等等。 learnt学习，动词过去式或过去分词；will learn学习，一般将来时；have learnt学习，现在完成时。根据“So far”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语the children为复数，助动词用have，learnt为learn的过去分词。故选C。 4. 句意：如果天气好，孩子们将在户外上课。 Unless除非；So所以；If如果。根据“...the weather is nice, the children will have their classes outdoors.”可知，此处指如果天气好，孩子们就在户外上课，用if引导条件状语从句。故选C。 5. 句意：他们希望孩子们在发展技能的同时能够发现烹饪的乐趣。 can能够；must必须；might可能。根据“They hope the children...find joy in cooking while developing their skills.”可知，此处指希望孩子们能够发现烹饪的乐趣，用can表示“能够”。故选A。 6. 句意：此外，他们希望孩子们理解分享和合作的重要性。 understands理解，动词第三人称单数形式；understanding理解，动名词或现在分词；to understand理解，动词不定式。根据“they expect the children...the importance of sharing and working together.”可知，此处指希望孩子们理解分享和合作的重要性，expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”，固定短语。故选C。 7. 句意：家长们也认为这是一种极好的教学方式。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指。根据“Parents also believe this is...excellent way to teach.”可知，此处指一种极好的教学方式，表泛指，且excellent是以元音音素开头的单词，所以此处用不定冠词an。故选B。 8. 句意：我们对这些课程感到非常兴奋。 excite使兴奋，动词原形；excited兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词，修饰物。根据“We are really...about the classes.”可知，此处指对课程感到兴奋，修饰人，用excited，be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，固定短语。故选B。 9. 句意：在未来，他们肯定能够很好地照顾自己！ them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“In the future, they will certainly be able to take care of...well!”可知，此处指他们能够照顾好自己，用反身代词themselves。故选C。 10. 句意：幼儿园相信，孩子们会一点点变得更加自信，为未来的挑战做好准备。 confident自信的；more confident更自信的；the most confident最自信的。根据“The kindergarten believes that little by little, the children will become much...”可知，此处指孩子们会变得更加自信，much修饰比较级，所以此处用more confident。故选B。 Passage 3 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2. A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3. A．or B．and C．but D．so 4. A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5. A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6. A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7. A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8. A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9. A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10. A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸作为人类最重要发明之一的历史，从蔡伦改进造纸术到纸在现代生活中的广泛应用，并指出过度用纸对森林的威胁以及电子纸等替代材料的未来。 1. 句意：其中，纸是最重要的发明之一。 a一个，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指，用于最高级前；/零冠词。根据“most important”可知，最高级前需加定冠词“the”，“the”符合语境，故选C。 2. 句意：没有它，古代的知识不可能在全世界广泛传播。 needn’t不必；couldn’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“Without it, knowledge…spread so widely around the world in ancient times”可知，此处是虚拟语气，指没有纸的情况下知识“不可能”广泛传播，“couldn’t”符合语境，故选B。 3. 句意：然而，这些材料要么太重，要么太贵。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。根据“either too heavy…too expensive”可知，“either…or…”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，“or”符合语境，故选A。 4. 句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 thousands千，复数形式；thousand千，单数形式；thousands of成千上万的；thousand of表述错误。根据“two”可知，此处指具体数字“两千”，“thousand”用单数，“thousand”符合语境，故选B。 5. 句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 successful成功的，形容词；more successful更成功的，形容词比较级；successfully成功地，副词；more successfully更成功地，副词比较级。根据“improved the way”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“improved”，“successfully”符合语境，故选C。 6. 句意：从那以后，纸一直是我们生活中重要的一部分。 was一般过去时；is一般现在时；had been过去完成时；has been现在完成时。根据“Since then”可知，since常与现在完成时连用，此处用现在完成时，“has been”符合语境，故选D。 7. 句意：但是有人确切知道我们每年用多少树造纸吗？ anybody任何人，常用于疑问句或否定句；nobody没有人；somebody某人，常用于肯定句；everybody每个人。根据“But does…know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year?”可知，这是疑问句，此处用“anybody”，故选A。 8. 句意：除非我们开始更明智地用纸，否则有一天我们的森林可能会消失。 If如果；Because因为；Though尽管；Unless除非。根据“…we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day”可知，此处指“除非”明智用纸，否则森林会消失，“Unless”符合语境，故选D。 9. 句意：有人说电子纸在未来会更受欢迎，因为它可以重复使用。 popular受欢迎的，形容词；more popular更受欢迎的，形容词比较级；popularly受欢迎地，副词；more popularly更受欢迎地，副词比较级。根据“become even…”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，且“even”常修饰比较级，“more popular”符合语境，故选B。 10. 句意：纸是多么了不起的发明啊！ What引导感叹句，修饰名词；What a修饰单数可数名词，辅音音素开头；What an修饰单数可数名词，元音音素开头；How引导感叹句，修饰形容词或副词。根据“amazing invention”可知，amazing是元音音素开头的形容词，invention是单数可数名词，此处用“What an”修饰，故选C。 Passage 4 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Which do you choose to help you when you are studying, computers or books? Here is a report about it. Let’s have 1 look. Some students think that computers 2 important in our life. They think computers offer them more choices than books. They can look up information on the computer 3 . With the computer, all the work can 4 very well. Computers and the Internet 5 the world so much. However, others think that books are more helpful. First, reading books won’t hurt their eyes 6 much as the computers. Second, books can help them think harder and 7 . They may ask 8 some questions when they are reading. Third, some students don’t use computers to look up information for study. Do you know 9 ? They use computers 10 games. It is not good for their study. What’s your opinion (看法)? 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．are B．am C．is 3. A．easy B．easily C．difficulty 4. A．do B．does C．be done 5. A．changes B．is changing C．have changed 6. A．as B．at C．with 7. A．deeper B．deep C．deepest 8. A．them B．they C．themselves 9. A．what do they B．what they do C．why do they 10. A．to empty B．play C．to play 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文讨论了在学习时选择电脑还是书籍的帮助，并分别阐述了两种方式的优缺点。 1. 句意：让我们看一下。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。此处“have a look”为固定搭配，意为“看一看”。故选A。 2. 句意：一些学生认为电脑在我们的生活中很重要。 are用于主语是复数或第二人称单数；am用于第一人称单数；is用于主语是第三人称单数。主语“computers”为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 3. 句意：他们可以轻松地在电脑上查找信息。 easy形容词，意为“容易的”；easily副词，意为“容易地”；difficulty名词，意为“困难”。此处修饰动词短语“look up”，应用副词形式。故选B。 4. 句意：有了电脑，所有的工作都可以被做得很好。 do动词原形；does动词第三人称单数形式；be done动词的被动语态形式。主语“all the work”与动词“do”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态“can be done”。故选C。 5. 句意：电脑和互联网已经极大地改变了世界。 changes动词第三人称单数形式；is changing现在进行时；have changed现在完成时。本句强调电脑和互联网对世界已经造成的影响和改变，应用现在完成时，主语“Computers and Internet”为复数概念。故选C。 6. 句意：首先，读书不会像电脑那样伤眼睛伤得那么厉害。 as用于“as...as”结构中表示同级比较；at在；with和。此处“as much as”为固定搭配，表示“和……一样多”。故选A。 7. 句意：第二，书籍可以帮助他们更努力、更深入地思考。 deeper更深地，比较级；deep深地，原级；deepest最深地，最高级。连词“and”连接并列成分，前面“harder”是比较级，后面也应用比较级形式与之对应。故选A。 8. 句意：他们可能在阅读时问自己一些问题。 them他们，人称代词宾格；they他们，人称代词主格；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据句意，此处指他们问自己问题，主语和宾语为同一对象，应用反身代词。故选C。 9. 句意：你知道他们做什么吗？ what do they特殊疑问句的疑问语序；what they do陈述语序，意为“他们做什么”；why do they特殊疑问句的疑问语序。此处是宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，排除A和C。根据下文“They use computers...games.”可知，此处是在询问做什么，应用what引导。“what they do”代入后句意为“你知道他们做什么吗？”，与下文回答“他们用电脑玩游戏”逻辑通顺。故选B。 10. 句意：他们用电脑玩游戏。 to empty动词不定式，意为“清空”；play动词原形；to play动词不定式。“use sth. to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“用某物来做某事”。此处表示使用电脑的目的是玩游戏，应用动词不定式“to play”。故选C。 Passage 5 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Building good relationships isn’t hard if we try. Since last term, our class 1 simple ways to connect with others. Many students used to be afraid 2 talking to strangers, but now we know the key is kindness. For example, I once helped a new classmate with her math homework. It took me only 15 minutes 3 the problems, and we became friends soon. She said, “You 4 make more friends if you’re willing to share.” 5 it’s not always easy to understand others, we can try to be 6 at listening than talking too much. Our teacher shared 7 useful tip: remember 8 favorite things. Last week, we prepared small gifts for each other. 9 lovely surprise it was! This experience taught me that 10 in relationships comes from sincerity (真挚). 1. A．discovered B．discover C．have discovered 2. A．of B．to C．with 3. A．explain B．explaining C．to explain 4. A．can B．should C．need 5. A．Because B．If C．Although 6. A．good B．better C．best 7. A．a B．an C．the 8. A．classmates B．classmate’s C．classmates’ 9. A．What a B．What C．How 10. A．succeed B．success C．successful 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者这一学期发现了一些与他人建立良好关系的简单方法。 1. 句意：从上学期开始，我们班已经发现了一些与他人建立良好关系的简单方法。 discovered过去式；discover原形；have discovered现在完成时。根据“Since last term”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选C。 2. 句意：许多学生过去害怕和陌生人说话，但现在我们知道关键是要善良。 of的；to到；with和。根据“be afraid of doing sth.(害怕做某事)”可知，此处应用介词of。故选A。 3. 句意：我花了15分钟解释这些问题，我们很快就成了朋友。 explain原形；explaining动名词；to explain动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处为“It took sb. some time to do sth. (做某事花费了某人多长时间)”，故此处应用动词不定式。故选C。 4. 句意：她说：“如果你愿意分享，你可以交到更多的朋友。” can可以；should应该；need需要。分析句子结构可知，此处应用情态动词，选项A符合题意。故选A。 5. 句意：虽然理解别人并不总是那么容易，但我们可以试着更好地倾听，而不是说得太多。 Because因为；If如果；Although虽然。根据“it’s not always easy to understand others,”可知，此处应用Although引导让步状语从句。故选C。 6. 句意：虽然理解别人并不总是那么容易，但我们可以试着更好地倾听，而不是说得太多。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“than(比)”可知，此处应用形容词“good(好的)”的比较级“better(更好的)”。故选B。 7. 句意：我们的老师分享了一个有用的提示：记住同学们最喜欢的东西。 a一个(不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前)；an一个(不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前)；the定冠词，表特指。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定冠词表示泛指，useful是辅音音素开头的单词，所以此处应用不定冠词a。故选A。 8. 句意：我们的老师分享了一个有用的提示：记住同学们最喜欢的东西。 classmates同学们；classmate’s同学的；classmates’同学们的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词所有格作定语修饰“favorite things(最喜欢的东西)”，根据句意可知，此处应用复数名词“classmates(同学们)”的所有格形式“classmates’(同学们的)”。故选C。 9. 句意：这是多么令人惊喜！ 分析句子结构可知，此处为感叹句，其结构为：What+a+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!或How+形容词+主语 +谓语!，根据句中的“surprise(惊喜)”为可数名词单数，因此此处应用What引导感叹句，其前应用不定冠词a。故选A。 10. 句意：这段经历告诉我，人际关系的成功来自于真诚。 succeed成功，动词；success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作主语，success为名词，意为“成功”。故选B。 Passage 6 Do you walk slowly? If so, you might not want to hear the results of this study. Scientists at Duke University, US, found that the 1 a person walks, the less capable (有能力的) his or her brain (大脑) is. Scientists studied the walking speeds (速度) of 904 middle-aged people from New Zealand, starting from when they were just 3 2 old. Over 42 years, scientists tested 3 walking speed many times. They found that the speed had something to do 4 the brain. If people had lower IQ scores (智商分数) and worse language skills as children, they 5 likely to become slow walkers as they reached middle age. At the age of 45, the average gap (平均差距) in IQ between the slowest 6 the fastest walkers was 16 points. Scientists said that genes (基因) might be the reason for this. 7 , smarter people might be more likely to do physical activity, which means they might walk faster later in life. Can slower walkers improve their brains? Possibly. So far, German scientists 8 that exercise can build better brains. Scientists looked at the brain scans (扫描) of 1,206 people. They asked them 9 as fast as possible for two minutes. Scientists checked how far they walked and then asked them to take memory (记忆) and problem-solving tests. 10   who walked further and faster did better on the tests. 1. A．slower B．slow C．slowest 2. A．year B．years C．year’s 3. A．they B．them C．their 4. A．with B．of C．for 5. A．are B．were C．is 6. A．and B．or C．so 7. A．But B．So C．However 8. A．found B．find C．have found 9. A．walking B．to walk C．walk 10. A．That B．This C．Those 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于步行速度与大脑能力关系的研究，发现步行速度慢的人大脑能力可能较弱，并探讨了基因和运动对大脑的影响。 1. 句意：美国杜克大学的科学家发现，一个人走得越慢，他或她的大脑能力就越弱。 slower更慢的；slow慢的；slowest最慢的。根据“the...a person walks, the less capable his or her brain is.”可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构，表示“越……就越……”，故选A。 2. 句意：科学家们研究了904名来自新西兰的中年人的步行速度，从他们3岁的时候开始。 year年；years年，复数形式；year’s年的。根据“3...old”可知，此处表示“三岁”，用基数词+years+old的结构，故选B。 3. 句意：在42年的时间里，科学家们多次测试了他们的步行速度。 they他们，人称代词主格；them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。根据“scientists tested...walking speed”可知，此处修饰名词短语“walking speed”，应用形容词性物主代词，故选C。 4. 句意：他们发现步行速度与大脑有关。 with和；of……的；for为了。根据“had something to do...the brain”可知，此处是固定短语have something to do with“与……有关”，故选A。 5. 句意：如果人们在儿童时期的智商分数较低，语言技能较差，那么他们在中年时更有可能成为走路慢的人。 are是，用于第一人称复数、第二人称单复数和第三人称复数的现在时形式；were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式。根据“If people had lower IQ scores (智商分数) and worse language skills as children”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语为“they”，用were。故选B。 6. 句意：45岁时，走得最慢和走得最快的人之间的平均智商差距为16分。 and和；or或者；so因此。根据“between the slowest...the fastest walkers”可知，此处是between...and...的结构，意为“在……和……之间”，故选A。 7. 句意：然而，聪明的人可能更有可能进行体育活动，这意味着他们可能在以后的生活中走得更快。 But但是；So因此；However然而。根据“Scientists said that genes might be the reason for this...smarter people might be more likely to do physical activity”可知，前后两句是转折关系，且空格后有逗号隔开，应用However，故选C。 8. 句意：到目前为止，德国科学家已经发现运动可以塑造更好的大脑。 found发现，动词过去式；find发现，动词原形；have found发现，现在完成时。根据“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+done”，故选C。 9. 句意：他们让他们尽可能快地走两分钟。 walking走，动名词；to walk走，动词不定式；walk走，动词原形。根据“asked them...as fast as possible for two minutes”可知，此处是固定短语ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”，故选B。 10. 句意：那些走得更远更快的人在测试中表现更好。 That那个；This这个；Those那些。根据“who walked further and faster did better on the tests.”可知，此处指代前面提到的“people”，应用those，故选C。 20 / 20乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $