Unit 7和Unit 8单元重点语法(现在完成时的用法)讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

2026-01-30
| 2份
| 17页
| 1640人阅读
| 53人下载
普通

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Grammar Focus,Grammar Focus
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 78 KB
发布时间 2026-01-30
更新时间 2026-02-25
作者 钻石英语
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-01-30
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56250419.html
价格 1.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

本讲义聚焦初中英语现在完成时这一核心语法点,系统梳理其两种核心用法(过去动作对现在的影响或结果、过去开始持续至今的动作或状态),并构建从基本结构(肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句)到动词过去分词规则(规则变化与不规则变化),再到标志词(already、yet、since、for等)的完整学习支架。 该资料以“即讲即练”为设计亮点,通过选择、同义句转换、填空等多样化题型,将语法知识与语境应用结合,助力学生提升语言运用能力。实例设计贴近生活,如“融冰导致海平面上升”等情境,在分析与解决问题中培养思维品质,课中辅助教师高效授课,课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺,强化学习能力。

内容正文:

现在完成时的用法 (already、yet、never、ever、just、since、for) 1. 现在完成时的用法。 现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法: (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例:She has broken her leg.(她摔断了腿。) Have you eaten lunch? 你吃午饭了吗?(关注“是否吃过了,还要不要吃”) (2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 例:She has worked here since 2018. 她自2018年以来一直在这里工作。(直到现在仍工作) They have been friends since childhood.(他们从小就是朋友。) 【即讲即练】 ① —How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? — For three months. A.have; borrowed B.have; kept C.did; borrow D.do; keep 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你保管这本字典多久了?——三个月了。 考查现在完成时与动词的延续性。how long 询问动作持续时间时,需用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词),且动词必须是延续性动词(表示持续状态);borrow(借入)是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用;keep(保持)是延续性动词,符合语境。故选B。 ② My father ________ in this factory since he graduated from university. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.had worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我父亲自从大学毕业以来就一直在这家工厂工作。 考查现在完成时。works一般现在时,工作;worked一般过去时,工作过;has worked现在完成时,已经工作;had worked过去完成时,曾经工作过。根据时间状语“since he graduated from university”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。故选C。 ③ Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea level to rise. Since 1993, sea level ________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A.rose B.has risen C.rises D.is rising 【答案】B 【详解】句意:融冰会导致海平面上升。自1993年以来,海平面每10年以3.2厘米的速度一直在上升。 考查现在完成时。rose(过去式,上升);has risen(现在完成时,已经上升);rises(第三人称单数,上升);is rising(现在进行时,正在上升)。根据时间状语“Since 1993”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应使用现在完成时。故选B。 ④ Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A.offered B.has offered C.was offering D.have offered 【答案】B 【详解】句意:自从去年以来,我们学校一直为需要的学生提供免费早餐。 考查现在完成时时态。offered提供。根据时间状语“Since last year”可知,动作从去年开始持续到现在,强调对现在的影响或持续状态,应使用现在完成时have done。主语“our school”为单数,助动词需用has。故选B。 ⑤ Tom’s parents ________ in Tianjin since they came to China. A.live B.will live C.have lived D.were living 【答案】C 【详解】句意:汤姆的父母自从来到中国后,就一直住在天津。 考查时态。根据时间状语“since they came to China”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 ⑥ —Listen! The news says that Chinese scientists ________ a new fish in Xizang. —What a success! A.are discovering B.will discover C.have discovered 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——听!新闻说中国科学家在西藏发现了一种新鱼。——真是一个成功啊! 考查时态。根据“Listen! The news says that Chinese scientists…a new fish in Xizang.”可知,发现新鱼这一动作已经完成,所以用现在完成时。故选C。 ⑦ This new app ________ over ten million downloads (下载) since last year. A.had B.has C.has had 【答案】C 【详解】句意:自去年以来,这款新应用已经拥有超过一千万次下载。 考查现在完成时。had一般过去时;has第三人称单数,一般现在时;has had现在完成时。根据“since last year”可知表示“自去年以来”,强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,需用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)。主语“This new app”为单数,因此用has had。故选C。 ⑧ —Look! Some children are flying kites in the park. —Wow, what a perfect day! It ________ for a week, so the air is very fresh. A.rained B.is raining C.will rain D.has rained 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——看!一些孩子正在公园里放风筝。——哇,多么美好的一天!雨已经下了一周了,所以空气非常清新。 考查现在完成时。rained(下过雨,一般过去时);is raining(正在下雨,现在进行时);will rain(将要下雨,一般将来时);has rained(已经下了雨,现在完成时)。根据“for a week”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响(空气清新),应用现在完成时。故选D。 2. 现在完成时的基本结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 当主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或复数(they 等)时,用 have;当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it 等)时,用 has。 例:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。) She has learned English for five years.(她已经学了五年英语了。) They have seen that movie before.(他们以前看过那部电影。) 【即讲即练】 ① She started to volunteer in the nature reserve five years ago. (同义句转换) She as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years. 【答案】 has worked 【详解】句意:她五年前开始在自然保护区从事志愿服务工作。根据句意可转化成:她已经在自然保护区担任志愿者五年了。时态是现在完成时have/has done,主语是She,助动词用has,work as“担任”,work的过去分词是worked。故填has;worked。 ② 这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 These natural wonders for thousands of years. 【答案】 have existed 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺谓语“已经存在”。exist是动词,表示“存在”;根据“for thousands of years”可知,该句用现在完成时,主语为“These natural wonders”,谓语动词应变为“have+过去分词”,即have existed。故填have;existed。 ③ 自从我回到伦敦,我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. 【答案】 have shared 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“已经分享”。share“分享”,动词,share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”。句尾有时间状语从句“since I returned to London”,表示动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“I”为第一人称单数,助动词用“have”;动词“share”的过去分词为“shared”。故填have;shared。 ④ He started to learn English when he was 6 years old. (同义句转换) He English since he was 6 years old. 【答案】 has learned/learnt 【详解】句意:他六岁的时候就开始学习英语了。原句“started to learn English when he was 6”表示“6 岁开始学英语”,同义句用现在完成时,表达“从6岁起一直学英语到现在”,对应“since he was 6 years old”;主语为“He”,助动词应用has,动词learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填has;learned/learnt。 ⑤ We have lived in Yangzhou for 10 years.(用since改写句子) 【答案】We have lived in Yangzhou since 10 years ago. 【详解】句意:我们已经在扬州住了10年了。原句是现在完成时,“for+时间段”表示动作持续的时长,可与“since+时间段+ago”进行同义改写。本句中“for 10 years”对应的同义表达就是“since 10 years ago”。故填We have lived in Yangzhou since 10 years ago. ⑥ Kitty and her parents lived in Beijing two years ago. (用for two years改写句子) Kitty and her parents in Beijing for two years. 【答案】 have lived 【详解】句意:Kitty和她的父母两年前住在北京。“for two years”是现在完成时的时间标志,现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语“Kitty and her parents”是复数,助动词用have;“live”的过去分词是lived。故填have;lived。   (2)否定句:主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。 have not 可缩写为 haven't,has not 可缩写为 hasn't。 例:I haven't eaten breakfast yet.(我还没吃早饭呢。) He hasn't arrived at the station.(他还没到车站。) We haven't decided where to go for vacation.(我们还没决定去哪里度假。) 【即讲即练】 ① I (not see) my primary school friend for three years; I miss her very much. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意:我已经三年没见到我的小学同学了;我非常想念她。时间状语“for three years”表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,通常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构为:have/has+过去分词,否定形式在have/has后加not,主语是“I”,助动词填haven’t,动词改为过去分词seen。故填haven’t seen。 ② I (not hear) from my pen pal since last month. 【答案】haven’t heard 【详解】句意:自从上个月以来我就没有收到我笔友的来信。根据“since last month”可知,有现在完成时态标准词,句子是现在完成时,结构为:have/has done,主语是第一人称,助动词用have,此处为否定,用haven’t,故填haven’t heard。 ③ My father has lived here for thirty years. (改为否定句) My father here for thirty years. 【答案】 hasn’t lived 【详解】句意:我父亲已经住在这里30年了。时态是现在完成时,改为否定句时,助动词has改为否定形式hasn’t,后面不变。故填hasn’t;lived。 (3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例:—Have you ever been to Beijing?(你去过北京吗?) —Yes, I have.(是的,我去过。)/No, I haven't.(不,我没去过。) —Has she finished her work?(她完成工作了吗?) —Yes, she has.(是的,她完成了。)/No, she hasn't.(不,她没完成。) 【即讲即练】 ① —________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, twice. It’s amazing. A.Have; been B.Have; gone C.Did; go D.Do; go 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你曾经去过长城吗?——去过,两次了。太壮观了。 考查动词时态及短语辨析。have been to表示“曾经去过某地,现在已不在那里”,现在完成时;have gone to表示“已经去了某地,此刻人不在这里”,现在完成时;Did...go一般过去时;Do...go一般现在时。根据“ever”及答句“Yes, twice. It’s amazing.”可知,需用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,且说话者已从长城返回,因此用have been to。故选A。 ② ________ you ever ________ the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz? A.Do; read B.Did; read C.Have; read 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你曾经读过《绿野仙踪》这个故事吗? 考查现在完成时。Do; read一般现在时结构;Did; read一般过去时结构;Have; read现在完成时结构。根据“ever”可知,这是现在完成时的标志词之一,现在完成时的一般疑问句结构是“Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他”,主语是“you”,助动词用“Have”,“read”的过去分词还是“read”。故选C。 ③ — you ever (visit) Japan? —Yes. I (go) there ten years ago. 【答案】 Have visited went 【详解】句意:——你曾经去参观过日本吗?——是的。我十年前去过那里。根据“ever”可知,第一空和第二空位于一般疑问句,此句时态为现在完成时,所以该问句应是have来引导,放于句首则其首字母要大写Have,visit为其过去分词visited;根据“ten years ago”可知,第三空所处句子时态为一般过去时,则其go要改为其过去式went。故填Have;visited;went。 ④ He has overcome many difficulties since he was a child. (改为一般疑问句) he many difficulties since he was a child? 【答案】 Has overcome 【详解】句意:自从他是个孩子以来,他已经克服了许多困难。原句为现在完成时的肯定句,其结构是“have/has+过去分词”,变为一般疑问句时,需将助动词have/has提前到句首,原句主语是第三人称单数he,所以助动词用has,后面动词过去分词overcome保持不变。故填Has;overcome。 ⑤ Miss Gao has taught in the school for 5 years. (变一般疑问句) Miss Gao in the school for 5 years? 【答案】 Has taught 【详解】句意:高老师在这所学校教了五年书。原句为现在完成时,变为一般疑问句时,要把助动词has提前,其余保持不变。故填Has;taught。 (4)特殊疑问句:①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?(疑问词不作主语) 例:What have you done?(你做了什么?) Where has he gone?(他去哪里了?) How long have you lived here?(你在这里住了多久了?) ②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分?(疑问词作主语) Who has broken the window? (谁打破了窗户?) Which book has been read by her? (她读了哪本书?) What has happened? (发生了什么?) 【即讲即练】 ① How many English novels you (read) since you entered middle school? 【答案】 have read 【详解】句意:自从你上中学以来,你读过多少本英文小说?read“读”,根据“since you entered middle school”可知,此处用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语“you”是第二人称,助动词用have,read的过去分词是read。故填have;read。 3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则 规则类型 变化方式 示例 一般情况 直接加 -ed work → worked 以 e 结尾 加 -d dance → danced 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i,再加 -ed study → studied 末尾为重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed stop → stopped 以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed plan → planned 不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些 原形 过去分词 go gone do done get got make made read read be been take taken 【即讲即练】 ① Many travelers (take) the high-speed train to Beijing since it was introduced last year. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意:自去年高铁开通以来,许多游客都乘坐高铁前往北京。take “乘坐”,根据此句的“since it was introduced last year”的“since…last year”可知,“since…last year”表达自从去年以来一直到现在,因此此句的谓语动词“take”需用现在完成时的结构表达从过去一直影响到现在,“take”的现在完成时结构是“have taken”,因此句的主语“Many travlers”是可数名词的复数形式,因此用“have taken”。故填have taken。 ② He has (live) in France for five years and knows a lot about French culture. 【答案】lived 【详解】句意:他已经在法国生活了五年,对法国文化很了解。句子是现在完成时“has+过去分词”,live的过去分词是lived。故填lived。 ③ The school art club (organize) several painting competitions for students this year. 【答案】has organized 【详解】句意:今年,学校艺术社团已经为学生们组织了好几场绘画比赛。本句的时间状语是this year,表示动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并且对现在有影响,需要使用现在完成时,结构为have/has+动词过去分词。主语The school art club是单数名词短语,助动词用has,动词organize的过去分词形式是organized。故填has organized。 ④ We (be) friends since I came to this school. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意:自从我来到这所学校,我们就一直是朋友。根据“since I came to this school”可知,从句为since引导的时间状语从句,为一般过去时,主句应为现在完成时,结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,主语为We,助动词需用have,be的过去分词为been。故填have been。 ⑤ The girl (keep) the birthday gift from her best friend for 5 years; it’s very precious to her. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意:这个女孩把她最好的朋友送给她的生日礼物珍藏了5年;对她来说,这份礼物非常珍贵。句子中的时间状语“for 5 years”表示一个动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,并且可能继续下去,因此,应使用现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)来表达这种“持续到现在的状态”。主语“The girl”为单数,应用助动词has,keep的过去分词是kept。故填has kept。 4. 现在完成时态的标志词。 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。常见的有: (1)already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。 例:I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。) She has seen the movie already.(她已经看过那部电影了。) He hasn't arrived yet.(他还没有到。) Have you finished your work yet?(你已经完成你的工作了吗?) I have never been to Beijing.(我从未去过北京。) She has never eaten sushi.(她从未吃过寿司。) Have you ever seen a UFO?(你曾经见过不明飞行物吗?) This is the best movie I have ever seen.(这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。) I have just called him.(我刚刚给他打了电话。) She has just left the office.(她刚刚离开办公室。) (2) “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。 例:I have lived here since 2010.(自从2010年起,我就住在这里。) He has been ill since he came back from the trip.(自从他旅行回来后,就一直生病。) They have waited for the bus for half an hour.(他们已经等公交车等了半个小时了。) She has studied English for three years.(她已经学英语学了三年了。) (3)与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。 例:I haven't seen him lately.(我最近都没见过他。) Have you watched any good movies recently?(你最近看了什么好电影吗?) I haven't had any problems so far.(到目前为止,我还没有遇到任何问题。) 【即讲即练】 ① I have read Robinson Crusoe ________, but I haven’t read Treasure Island ________. A.already; already B.yet; yet C.yet; already D.already; yet 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我已经读过《鲁滨逊漂流记》了,但我还没有读过《金银岛》。 考查副词辨析。already已经(常用于肯定句);yet还、已经(常用于否定句和疑问句)。第一空为肯定句,表示“已经读过”,用already;第二空为否定句,表示“还没有读过”,用yet。故选D。 ② We have been friends ________ we were children. A.because B.unless C.since D.though 【答案】C 【详解】句意:自从我们还是孩子的时候,我们就一直是朋友。 考查连词辨析。because因为;unless除非;since自从;though尽管。根据主句“We have been friends ...”使用现在完成时,且从句“... we were children.”表示过去的时间起点,可知此处应填入表示“自从”的连词,引导时间状语从句。故选C。 ③ We ________ no news about him ________ he went abroad last month. A.had; since B.have had; since C.have; when 【答案】B 【详解】句意:自从他上个月出国以来,我们就没有他的消息。 考查现在完成时用法。根据“he went abroad last month”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时。“since+过去时间点”表示“自从……以来”,强调从过去某一时刻持续到现在。故选B。 ④ —Have you ________ visited Miss Zhang? —No, ________. I decide to visit her next weekend. A.ever; yet B.ever; never C.already; never D.already; yet 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你曾经拜访过张老师吗?——不,从来没有。我决定下周末去拜访她。 考查副词辨析。ever曾经;yet还(用于否定句和疑问句);never从未;already已经。问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句,询问“是否曾经拜访过”,应用ever;答语中“No”表示否定,且后文说“决定下周末去”,说明至今从未拜访过,用never符合语境。故选B。 ⑤ —Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A.already; yet B.ever; yet C.yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——是否有人曾经去过火星?——不,还没有。或许在未来。 考查现在完成时中的时间状语辨析。already已经,多用于肯定句中;ever曾经;常用于疑问句中;yet还、尚未,常用于否定句中。根据“Has anybody...been to Mars?”可知,这是现在完成时的一般疑问句,且用于询问经历,在现在完成时的疑问句中,询问经历时常用ever表示“曾经”;根据“No, not...”可知,这是否定回答,表示“不,还没有”,强调“尚未”完成或发生,应使用yet。故选B。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 现在完成时的用法 (already、yet、never、ever、just、since、for) 1. 现在完成时的用法。 现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法: (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例:She has broken her leg.(她摔断了腿。) Have you eaten lunch? 你吃午饭了吗?(关注“是否吃过了,还要不要吃”) (2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 例:She has worked here since 2018. 她自2018年以来一直在这里工作。(直到现在仍工作) They have been friends since childhood.(他们从小就是朋友。) 【即讲即练】 ① —How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? — For three months. A.have; borrowed B.have; kept C.did; borrow D.do; keep ② My father ________ in this factory since he graduated from university. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.had worked ③ Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea level to rise. Since 1993, sea level ________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A.rose B.has risen C.rises D.is rising ④ Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A.offered B.has offered C.was offering D.have offered ⑤ Tom’s parents ________ in Tianjin since they came to China. A.live B.will live C.have lived D.were living ⑥ —Listen! The news says that Chinese scientists ________ a new fish in Xizang. —What a success! A.are discovering B.will discover C.have discovered ⑦ This new app ________ over ten million downloads (下载) since last year. A.had B.has C.has had ⑧ —Look! Some children are flying kites in the park. —Wow, what a perfect day! It ________ for a week, so the air is very fresh. A.rained B.is raining C.will rain D.has rained 2. 现在完成时的基本结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 当主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或复数(they 等)时,用 have;当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it 等)时,用 has。 例:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。) She has learned English for five years.(她已经学了五年英语了。) They have seen that movie before.(他们以前看过那部电影。) 【即讲即练】 ① She started to volunteer in the nature reserve five years ago. (同义句转换) She as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years. ② 这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 These natural wonders for thousands of years. ③ 自从我回到伦敦,我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. ④ He started to learn English when he was 6 years old. (同义句转换) He English since he was 6 years old. ⑤ We have lived in Yangzhou for 10 years.(用since改写句子) ⑥ Kitty and her parents lived in Beijing two years ago. (用for two years改写句子) Kitty and her parents in Beijing for two years. (2)否定句:主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。 have not 可缩写为 haven't,has not 可缩写为 hasn't。 例:I haven't eaten breakfast yet.(我还没吃早饭呢。) He hasn't arrived at the station.(他还没到车站。) We haven't decided where to go for vacation.(我们还没决定去哪里度假。) 【即讲即练】 ① I (not see) my primary school friend for three years; I miss her very much. ② I (not hear) from my pen pal since last month. ③ My father has lived here for thirty years. (改为否定句) My father here for thirty years. (3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例:—Have you ever been to Beijing?(你去过北京吗?) —Yes, I have.(是的,我去过。)/No, I haven't.(不,我没去过。) —Has she finished her work?(她完成工作了吗?) —Yes, she has.(是的,她完成了。)/No, she hasn't.(不,她没完成。) 【即讲即练】 ① —________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? —Yes, twice. It’s amazing. A.Have; been B.Have; gone C.Did; go D.Do; go ② ________ you ever ________ the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz? A.Do; read B.Did; read C.Have; read ③ — you ever (visit) Japan? —Yes. I (go) there ten years ago. ④ He has overcome many difficulties since he was a child. (改为一般疑问句) he many difficulties since he was a child? ⑤ Miss Gao has taught in the school for 5 years. (变一般疑问句) Miss Gao in the school for 5 years? (4)特殊疑问句:①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?(疑问词不作主语) 例:What have you done?(你做了什么?) Where has he gone?(他去哪里了?) How long have you lived here?(你在这里住了多久了?) ②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分?(疑问词作主语) Who has broken the window? (谁打破了窗户?) Which book has been read by her? (她读了哪本书?) What has happened? (发生了什么?) 【即讲即练】 ① How many English novels you (read) since you entered middle school? 3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则 规则类型 变化方式 示例 一般情况 直接加 -ed work → worked 以 e 结尾 加 -d dance → danced 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i,再加 -ed study → studied 末尾为重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed stop → stopped 以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed plan → planned 不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些 原形 过去分词 go gone do done get got make made read read be been take taken 【即讲即练】 ① Many travelers (take) the high-speed train to Beijing since it was introduced last year. ② He has (live) in France for five years and knows a lot about French culture. ③ The school art club (organize) several painting competitions for students this year. ④ We (be) friends since I came to this school. ⑤ The girl (keep) the birthday gift from her best friend for 5 years; it’s very precious to her. 4. 现在完成时态的标志词。 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。常见的有: (1)already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。 例:I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。) She has seen the movie already.(她已经看过那部电影了。) He hasn't arrived yet.(他还没有到。) Have you finished your work yet?(你已经完成你的工作了吗?) I have never been to Beijing.(我从未去过北京。) She has never eaten sushi.(她从未吃过寿司。) Have you ever seen a UFO?(你曾经见过不明飞行物吗?) This is the best movie I have ever seen.(这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。) I have just called him.(我刚刚给他打了电话。) She has just left the office.(她刚刚离开办公室。) (2) “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。 例:I have lived here since 2010.(自从2010年起,我就住在这里。) He has been ill since he came back from the trip.(自从他旅行回来后,就一直生病。) They have waited for the bus for half an hour.(他们已经等公交车等了半个小时了。) She has studied English for three years.(她已经学英语学了三年了。) (3)与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。 例:I haven't seen him lately.(我最近都没见过他。) Have you watched any good movies recently?(你最近看了什么好电影吗?) I haven't had any problems so far.(到目前为止,我还没有遇到任何问题。) 【即讲即练】 ① I have read Robinson Crusoe ________, but I haven’t read Treasure Island ________. A.already; already B.yet; yet C.yet; already D.already; yet ② We have been friends ________ we were children. A.because B.unless C.since D.though ③ We ________ no news about him ________ he went abroad last month. A.had; since B.have had; since C.have; when ④ —Have you ________ visited Miss Zhang? —No, ________. I decide to visit her next weekend. A.ever; yet B.ever; never C.already; never D.already; yet ⑤ —Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A.already; yet B.ever; yet C.yet; ever 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

Unit 7和Unit 8单元重点语法(现在完成时的用法)讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
1
Unit 7和Unit 8单元重点语法(现在完成时的用法)讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
2
Unit 7和Unit 8单元重点语法(现在完成时的用法)讲练-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。