Unit 8 Making a Difference.（语法讲解及专练）-2025-2026学年八年级新教材英语下册基础知识专项讲练（新教材人教版）

Unit 8 Making a Difference . (语法讲练） 【知识讲解】 现在完成时(Ⅱ) 一、现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至 今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语(从句)连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+for+ 一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+since + 表示过去的时间点 Mr Smith has worked here since 2004. 自从2004年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿。 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不 能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续 性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有 for 或 since 引导的时间状语 (从句)，那么句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词 转换为延续性动词的方法有： (1)将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start→be on(开始) go there→be there(去那里) come back→be back(回来) come here→be here(来这里) open→be open(开业) close→be closed(关门) die→be dead(死) marry→be married(结婚) finish→be over(结束) go to bed→be in bed(上床睡觉) leave→be away(离开) return→be back(回来) get out→be out(出去) fall asleep→be asleep(人睡) lose→be lost(丢失) fall ill→be ill(生病) get/arrive/reach→be in/at(到达) join/become→be in/be a member of(参 加，加入) （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词： borrow→keep(借) put on→wear/be in(穿) become→be(成为) get to know→know(认识) buy→have/own(买) catch a cold→have a cold(感冒) receive→have(收到) go to sleep→sleep(睡觉) » The movie has been on for 10 minutes when we got to the cinema. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。 »The shop has been open for 10 years. 这家店已经营业 10年了。 » She has been back from Beijing for 3 weeks. 她从北京回来已经三个星期了。 » They have been married since 5 years ago.　他们结婚已经5年了。 » My brother has been in the army for 3 years. He loves his job. 　我哥哥已经参军三年了。他热爱他的工作。 » He has been away from the company since last month.　他上个月就离开公司了。 【同步检测】 一、单项选择 1．—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A．do; have B．have; had C．did; have D．have; been having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你感冒多久了？——三天了。我需要去看医生。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“For three days.”可知，感冒持续了三天，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时。故选B。 2．—How long ________ you ________ your hobby of programming? —For three years. A．do; keep B．did; keep C．have; kept D．will; keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你保持编程这个爱好多久了？——三年了。 考查动词时态。do/does一般现在时助动词；did一般过去时助动词；have/has现在完成时助动词；will一般将来时助动词。根据答语“For three years.”（三年了）可知，问句询问的是从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。故选C。 3．—Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们回家看足球赛吧。——哦，太晚了。比赛已经结束半小时了。结果是一比零。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词。has finished已经完成，非延续性动词；has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；has been on已经进行，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据后半句“half an hour”这一时间段，可知谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示状态的短语。比赛“结束”这一状态是持续的，应用“has been over”。而“finish”是非延续性动词，不能与“for half an hour”连用。故选D。 4．Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A．fell B．has fallen C．was D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克曾经是个尖子生，但自从他沉迷于电脑游戏后，他就落后了。 考查时态。fell落后，过去时；has fallen已经落后，现在完成时；was是，过去时；has been已经是，现在完成时。根据时间状语从句“since he lost himself…”可知，主句表示从过去某一时间点（沉迷游戏）持续到现在的状态，“落后”是一种持续的状态，应用现在完成时has been behind。fall behind强调动作，be behind强调状态。此处更强调持续的“落后状态”。故选D。 5．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——迈克的家人去哪儿了？我这些天没见到他们。——除了祖父母外，他家的每个人都去无锡度假了，并且他们已经在那儿待了一周了。 考查主谓一致及动词短语辨析。第一空：主语是Everyone in his family except grandparents，中心词是Everyone（不定代词），谓语用单数，且表示“已去无锡（未归）”，应用has gone to。第二空：主语是they（指代前句中除了祖父母外的家人），是复数，且表示“已经在那里待了一周”，需用have been（后接地点副词there，不需加介词），表示持续状态。故选D。 6．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. A．have; borrowed B．have; kept C．did; borrow D．do; keep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你借这本书多久了？——两周了。我明天必须把它还给图书馆。 考查现在完成时和动词辨析。根据答句“For two weeks.”可知，问句时态应为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，所以C选项“did; borrow”和D选项“do; keep”时态不符，可排除；A选项“have; borrowed”中borrow“借入”是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的“for two weeks”连用；B选项“have; kept”中keep“保留，保存”是延续性动词，可以与表示一段时间的“for two weeks”连用，符合题意。故选B。 7．Sarah ________ in London ________ 2000. She loves the city. A．has lived; for B．has lived; since C．lived; over D．has lived; in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Sarah从2000年起就住在伦敦。她喜欢这座城市。 考查现在完成时和介词辨析。has lived现在完成时；for后接一段时间；since自从，后接时间点；lived过去式；over超过；in在某年某月。根据语境可知，此处是在描述Sarah从2000年到现在一直住在伦敦，且她喜欢这座城市，因此句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语部分由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主语Sarah为第三人称单数，故应用has，lived为live的过去分词；2000为时间点，前面应用介词since，表示“从……起”。故选B。 8．—Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A．joined; was B．have joined; have C．joined; have been D．have joined; have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你是你们学校的篮球运动员吗？——是的。我三年前加入了这支球队。我在球队中已经三年了。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据“3 years ago”可知，这是表示过去的时间点，所以应该用一般过去时，第一个空用动词用过去式“joined”；“for 3 years”表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，且动词需要用延续性动词，“have been”符合。故选C。 9．Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A．has died; has missed B．has been dead; has missed C．has died; misses D．has been dead; misses 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆的爷爷已经去世两个月了，汤姆现在仍然非常想念他。 考查动词时态和延续性动词的用法。根据“for two months”可知，动作或状态持续了两个月，需用延续性动词，die“死亡”是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，因此第一空填has been dead表示状态。第二空由“now”可知，表示现在仍然想念，需用一般现在时，主语是“Tom”，填misses。故选D。 10．Tom ________ the car for two months. A．has had B．bought C．has bought D．had got 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆拥有这辆车已经两个月了。 考查现在完成时。has had已经拥有；bought买；has bought已经购买；had got过去拥有。根据“for two months”可知，句子用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词，buy和get都是短暂性动词，不与for+时间段连用，have是延续性动词，符合题意。故选A。 11．Jim Green ________ in China since two years ago. A．has come B．has been C．has arrived D．came 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆·格林自从两年前就（一直）在中国。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has come已经来；has been已经在/待过；has arrived已经到达、came来，过去式。since two years ago表示从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词必须具有延续性。come和arrive均为短暂性动词，不能与since引导的时段连用；has been是be的完成时，表示“已经在/待着”，可延续。故选B。 12．—How long ________ you ________?     —For two weeks. A．did; fall ill B．have; fallen ill C．were; ill D．have; been ill 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你生病多久了？——两周了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。根据“For two weeks.”可知，问句询问“生病”这一状态的持续时间，需用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词，be ill为延续性状态，可与how long和for时间段搭配。故选D。 13．I ________ home for a week up to now. A．have returned B．have been back C．returned D．returning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我回家已经一个星期了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。have returned已经返回（短暂性动词）；have been back已经回来（延续性状态）；returned返回（过去时）；returning正在返回（现在分词）。根据“for a week up to now”可知，句子需用现在完成时，且一个星期表示持续的时间段，谓语动词需用延续性动词表状态。return是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，而be back表示回来的状态，可以延续。故选B。 14．The meeting ________ for a week now. A．has finished B．has ended C．has been over D．has been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：会议到现在已经结束一周了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has finished已经结束，非延续性动词；has ended已经结束，非延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性表达；has been in一直在……中，延续性动词。根据时间状语“for a week now”可知，动作需持续一周，因此需用延续性动词或表延续状态的短语。finish和end均为非延续性动词，不能与for+时间段连用；has been in后常接地点或状态，不符合句意；has been over表示“结束”的状态可延续，符合题意。故选C。 15．The factory________ since February of 1995. A．has been open B．has opened C．was open D．opened 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家工厂自1995年2月以来一直营业。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has been open已经营业，表示状态延续；has opened已经开业，非延续性动作；was open过去营业，表示过去状态；opened开业，过去动作。since后接时间点，主句需用现在完成时，且动词或表状态的结构需用延续性动词。open作动词时为非延续性动词，不能与since连用表示持续；但作形容词时表状态，可与be动词构成延续性结构。故选A。 16．—How long have you ________ here? —Since last Friday. A．come B．got C．arrived D．been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你在这里（待了）多久了？——自从上周五。 考查现在完成时中延续性动词的用法。come来（短暂性动词）；got到达（短暂性动词）；arrived到达（短暂性动词）；been在（延续性动词）。根据答句“Since last Friday.”可知，问句询问的是从过去持续到现在的一段时间，需用延续性动词。come、got、arrived均为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，只有been可表示“待了/在”的延续状态。故选D。 17．—When did you ________? —I’ve________ for two years. A．get married; been married B．be married; been married C．get married; got married D．be married; married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你什么时候结婚的？——我已经结婚两年了。 考查动词时态和延续性动词用法。第一空，助动词did后接动词原形，get married是短暂性动词短语，强调结婚的动作，符合问句语境；第二空，for two years是一段时间状语，需与延续性动词或状态连用，时态为现在完成时，谓语结构为have been married，表持续的婚姻状态，故选A。 18．—Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? —No. He ________ for half an hour. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．leaves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——贝贝，陈老师在办公室吗？——不在，他已经离开半小时了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。left离开，瞬间动词；has left已经离开，瞬间动词的现在完成时；has been away已经离开，延续性状态；leaves离开，一般现在时。根据答句“for half an hour”可知，动作需持续一段时间，因此需用延续性动词的现在完成时。leave是瞬间动词，不能与“for+时间段”连用，需转换为“be away”的延续性表达。故选C。 19．Mr Fan ________ this watch in 2012. He ________ it for 13 years. A．bought; has had B．bought; has C．has bought; has had D．has bought; had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：范先生在2012年买了这块手表。他拥有它13年了。 考查时态和延续性动词。bought买，短暂性动词；had有，延续性动词。由“in 2012”可知，第一空应用一般过去时，排除C、D；又由“for 13 years”可知，第二空应用现在完成时，且应用延续性动词had。故选A。 20．—How long ________ you ________ this smart watch? —For two months. My uncle gave it to me as a birthday gift. A．have; bought B．have; kept C．did; buy D．do; keep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这块智能手表多久了？——两个月了。我叔叔把它作为生日礼物送给我。 考查动词时态和动词辨析。how long通常与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在。buy（购买）是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；keep（保持、拥有）是持续性动词，可以与一段时间连用。根据答语“For two months”可知，询问的是持续拥有手表的时间，因此应用现在完成时“have kept”。故选B。 21．—How long has he _________? —Since 2016. A．been to Beijing B．become a policeman C．joined the art club D．studied in this school 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他在这所学校学习多久了？——自2016年起。 考查现在完成时。been to Beijing去过北京；become a policeman成为一名警察；joined the art club加入艺术俱乐部；studied in this school在这所学校学习。根据“How long has he …?”及选项可知，此处为现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，因此动词必须是可持续的动作或状态动词，ABC三项中动词均为瞬间动词。故选D。 22．—Where is your father? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Beijing. He’ll be back next week. By the way, I ________ Beijing before, and I ________ there for five years. A．have gone to; have been to; has been in B．has gone to; have been in; have gone to C．has gone to; have been to; have been D．have been to; has gone to; has been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪儿？我得跟他谈谈。——对不起，他去北京了。他下周会回来。顺便说一下，我以前去过北京，我在那里待了五年。 考查现在完成时。第一空根据“Sorry, he … Beijing. He’ll be back next week.”可知，这里表示父亲去了北京但还未返回，主语是第三人称单数，因此用has gone to；第二空根据“By the way, I … Beijing before,”可知，这里表示曾经去过北京，现已返回，应使用have been to；第三空根据“and I … there for five years.”可知，这里表示过去在北京停留了五年的时间段，强调状态的持续，应使用have been后接地点副词there。故选C。 23．—What a lovely dog! How long ________ you ________ it? —For one week. My aunt ________ it to me as a gift last week. A．have; had; gave B．did; buy; gave C．have; bought; gave D．did; have; gives 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——多可爱的狗啊！你养它多久了？——一周了。我姑姑上周把它作为礼物送给了我。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据答语中“For one week.”可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时结构“have/has+过去分词”。在“How long”引导的特殊疑问句中，谓语动词须用延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需用延续性动词have表示“拥有；饲养”。主语you为第二人称，助动词用have，谓语动词过去分词为had。故第一空用have；第二空用had。根据答语中时间状语“last week”可知，第三空处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式gave。故选A。 24．Miss Gao________ this school since 1996. A．has come to B．came to C．has taught D．has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：高老师自1996年以来就一直在这所学校。 考查动词的时态与延续性动词的用法。has come to来到（短暂性动作）；came to来到（一般过去时）；has taught教过（但缺少宾语，且“teach”在此处不直接表示持续状态）； has been in在/待在某地（延续性状态）。句中有“since 1996”，表示从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词需具有延续性。“come”为短暂性动词，不能与“since”连用表示持续；“has been in”表示“一直在某地”，符合语境。故选D。 25．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jones先生在哪里？——他已经回美国了。他已经离开几个星期了。 考查现在完成时和动词延续性用法。根据“—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ... back to America. He ... for a couple of weeks.”可知，第一空表示“回美国”的动作已完成且人未返回，应用现在完成时态，用has gone；第二空所在句子中for a couple of weeks，表时间段，“离开”需表示持续状态，非延续性动词leave不能直接接时间段，需改用has been away。故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Tom (join) the football club for three months. He likes playing with his teammates. 【答案】has been in 【详解】句意：汤姆加入足球俱乐部已经三个月了。他喜欢和队友们一起踢球。join“加入”，动词；表示“加入（某个组织）”并持续一段时间，应用延续性动词或状态。join为非延续性动词，需转换为延续性状态has been in...“一直在……里”。根据“for three months”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时has been in。故填has been in。 2．Clare (marry) to Bob for 15 years, and they are always willing to help people in the community. 【答案】has been married 【详解】句意：克莱尔和鲍勃已经结婚15年了，他们总是愿意帮助社区里的人。“for 15 years”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，句子需用现在完成时，即“has/have + 过去分词”；“marry”是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性表达be married；主语“Clare”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，因此完整形式为has been married。故填has been married。 3．—When the old man (die)? —Three years ago. He (die) for 3 years. 【答案】 did die has been dead 【详解】句意：——老人什么时候去世的？——三年前。他已经死了三年了。根据答语“Three years ago.”可知，问句时态为一般过去时，结合所给词，die“死”，实义动词，所以此处要借助助动词did，后跟动词原形die，即第一空填did，第二空填die；又根据第三空后“for 3 years”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，结合所给词，die是非延续性动词，不与“for+一段时间”的时间状语连用，应用be dead来表替换，且该句主语“He”是单数形式，所以此处应填入has been dead，作谓语。故填did；die；has been dead。 4．The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 【答案】has been on 【详解】句意：这部电影已经开始超过十分钟了。根据“for over ten minutes”可知，此处需要用现在完成时态，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。主语“The movie”为第三人称单数，因此用has。begin是短暂性动词，此处应用延续性动词be on。故填has been on。 5．I (borrow) the magazine for two weeks. I’ll return it to the library tomorrow. 【答案】have kept 【详解】句意：我把这本杂志保存了两个星期。我明天会把它还给图书馆。根据“for two weeks”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，且句子和时间段连用，此处用延续性动词，borrow“借入”为短暂性动词，需用延续性动词keep，主语为I，助动词用have，keep的过去分词为kept。故填have kept。 6．—Mum, I want to watch Readers on TV tonight. —Oh, dear, it (begin) for a few minutes. Come on! 【答案】has been on 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚想在电视上看《朗读者》。——噢，亲爱的，它已经开始几分钟了。快来！根据“for a few minutes”可知此处应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+done”，动词“begin”是非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用，因此此处需变为“be on”，主语是“it”，助动词应用“has”，“be”需变为过去分词“been”。故填has been on。 7．—The boy misses his parents very much. —So he does. They (leave) the hometown for nearly two years. 【答案】have been away from 【详解】句意：——这个男孩非常想念他的父母。——确实如此。他们离开家乡已经将近两年了。根据“for nearly two years”可知此句应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+done”，并且与一段时间连用，非延续动词“leave”需变为延续性动词“be away from”，主语“They”是复数，助动词应用“have”，“be”变为过去分词“been”。故填have been away from。 8．The bookshop (open) since last year. 【答案】has been open 【详解】句意：这家书店从去年开始营业。根据“since last year”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，且动词用延续性动词，open是短暂性动词，其对应的延续性动词为be open。主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been open。 9．Mr. Brown (work) as a zoo keeper for ten years. 【答案】has worked 【详解】句意：布朗先生已经当了十年的动物园管理员。根据句中的时间状语“for ten years”可知，句子强调从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“Mr. Brown”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，work的过去分词是“worked”。故填has worked。 10．The astronaut is so tired that he (asleep) for five hours. 【答案】has been asleep 【详解】句意：宇航员太累了，已经睡了五个小时了。根据“for five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语he是第三人称，助动词用has，且for+一段时间要与持续性动词一起连用，be asleep“睡着了”，是持续性的动词，故填has been asleep。 【中考链接】 1．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 2．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她借了这本科学书多久了？我想向她借这本书。——将近三周了。我想她可能已经读完了。 考查现在完成时。根据“How long has...”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，必须用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，不符合，需要变为对应的延续性动词have，过去分词为had。故选B。 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 4．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：快点！电影已经开始十分钟了。 考查时态。根据“for ten minutes”可知电影已经开始十分钟了，用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是非延续性动词，延续性动词是be on。故选C。 5．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 6．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—Hi, Mr. Zhang! Your car looks new. —Yes. But in fact, I ________ it for two years. A．will buy B．have had C．buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，张先生！你的车看起来很新。——是的。但事实上，我已经买了两年了。 考查动词时态。buy“买”，非延续性动词，不能与“for+时间段”连用。此处是现在完成时，结构是has/have done，应用延续性动词have的过去分词had。故选B。 7．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我来中国三个月了，这是我第一次穿汉服。 考查动词短语。have gone to去了（而且现在还在）某地；have been to去过了（而现在没在）某地； have arrived in已经到了，短暂性动词； have been in（现在）在某地。根据“for three months”可知，应是在中国三个月了，且应与延续性动词连用，故选D。 8．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Alex自从2010年来到中国开始研究茶文化。 考查现在完成时。根据“Alex ... tea culture since he came to China in 2010.”可知，强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，此处用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道“一带一路”吗？——知道，从开始到现在已经有10多年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“it ... over 10 years since it started”可知，此处强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，故选D。 10．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 【答案】B 【详解】句意：神舟十八号航天员自今年4月发射升空以来，已在天宫空间站工作了约两个月。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句时态用一般过去时，主句时态应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 11．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat. A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。 考查时态。根据“Since I was born”可知主句用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 12．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的叔叔在哪里？——他去了美国，他将在纽约待两个星期。 考查has gone to与has been to的用法。has been to去过某地，已经回来了；has gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；has been in一直在某地。根据“Where is your uncle”可知，下文应回答他去美国了，用has gone to。故选B。 13．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西，王先生在哪里？——他去北京参加会议了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去了某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地。分析句子可知，对话发生时王先生不在，可知他去北京还未回来，应用has gone to。故选A。 14．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过长城吗？——是的，我去过。我上次学校旅行时去了那里。 考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，已经回来；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“I went there on our last school trip.”可知，“我”去过长城，且已经回来了，应用have been to。故选A。 15．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以和王红通话吗？——对不起，她不在家。她去北京了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has to go to不得不去；has gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“she is not at home”可知，王红不在家，即她去了北京，还未回来，应用has gone to。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Making a Difference . (语法讲练） 【知识讲解】 现在完成时(Ⅱ) 一、现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至 今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语(从句)连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+for+ 一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+since + 表示过去的时间点 Mr Smith has worked here since 2004. 自从2004年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿。 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不 能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续 性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有 for 或 since 引导的时间状语 (从句)，那么句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词 转换为延续性动词的方法有： (1)将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start→be on(开始) go there→be there(去那里) come back→be back(回来) come here→be here(来这里) open→be open(开业) close→be closed(关门) die→be dead(死) marry→be married(结婚) finish→be over(结束) go to bed→be in bed(上床睡觉) leave→be away(离开) return→be back(回来) get out→be out(出去) fall asleep→be asleep(人睡) lose→be lost(丢失) fall ill→be ill(生病) get/arrive/reach→be in/at(到达) join/become→be in/be a member of(参 加，加入) （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词： borrow→keep(借) put on→wear/be in(穿) become→be(成为) get to know→know(认识) buy→have/own(买) catch a cold→have a cold(感冒) receive→have(收到) go to sleep→sleep(睡觉) » The movie has been on for 10 minutes when we got to the cinema. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。 »The shop has been open for 10 years. 这家店已经营业 10年了。 » She has been back from Beijing for 3 weeks. 她从北京回来已经三个星期了。 » They have been married since 5 years ago.　他们结婚已经5年了。 » My brother has been in the army for 3 years. He loves his job. 　我哥哥已经参军三年了。他热爱他的工作。 » He has been away from the company since last month.　他上个月就离开公司了。 【同步检测】 一、单项选择 1．—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A．do; have B．have; had C．did; have D．have; been having 2．—How long ________ you ________ your hobby of programming? —For three years. A．do; keep B．did; keep C．have; kept D．will; keep 3．—Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 4．Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A．fell B．has fallen C．was D．has been 5．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 6．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I must return it to the library tomorrow. A．have; borrowed B．have; kept C．did; borrow D．do; keep 7．Sarah ________ in London ________ 2000. She loves the city. A．has lived; for B．has lived; since C．lived; over D．has lived; in 8．—Are you a basketball player at your school? —Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ on it for 3 years. A．joined; was B．have joined; have C．joined; have been D．have joined; have been 9．Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A．has died; has missed B．has been dead; has missed C．has died; misses D．has been dead; misses 10．Tom ________ the car for two months. A．has had B．bought C．has bought D．had got 11．Jim Green ________ in China since two years ago. A．has come B．has been C．has arrived D．came 12．—How long ________ you ________?     —For two weeks. A．did; fall ill B．have; fallen ill C．were; ill D．have; been ill 13．I ________ home for a week up to now. A．have returned B．have been back C．returned D．returning 14．The meeting ________ for a week now. A．has finished B．has ended C．has been over D．has been in 15．The factory________ since February of 1995. A．has been open B．has opened C．was open D．opened 16．—How long have you ________ here? —Since last Friday. A．come B．got C．arrived D．been 17．—When did you ________? —I’ve________ for two years. A．get married; been married B．be married; been married C．get married; got married D．be married; married 18．—Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? —No. He ________ for half an hour. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．leaves 19．Mr Fan ________ this watch in 2012. He ________ it for 13 years. A．bought; has had B．bought; has C．has bought; has had D．has bought; had 20．—How long ________ you ________ this smart watch? —For two months. My uncle gave it to me as a birthday gift. A．have; bought B．have; kept C．did; buy D．do; keep 21．—How long has he _________? —Since 2016. A．been to Beijing B．become a policeman C．joined the art club D．studied in this school 22．—Where is your father? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Beijing. He’ll be back next week. By the way, I ________ Beijing before, and I ________ there for five years. A．have gone to; have been to; has been in B．has gone to; have been in; have gone to C．has gone to; have been to; have been D．have been to; has gone to; has been in 23．—What a lovely dog! How long ________ you ________ it? —For one week. My aunt ________ it to me as a gift last week. A．have; had; gave B．did; buy; gave C．have; bought; gave D．did; have; gives 24．Miss Gao________ this school since 1996. A．has come to B．came to C．has taught D．has been in 25．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Tom (join) the football club for three months. He likes playing with his teammates. 2．Clare (marry) to Bob for 15 years, and they are always willing to help people in the community. 3．—When the old man (die)? —Three years ago. He (die) for 3 years. 4．The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 5．I (borrow) the magazine for two weeks. I’ll return it to the library tomorrow. 6．—Mum, I want to watch Readers on TV tonight. —Oh, dear, it (begin) for a few minutes. Come on! 7．—The boy misses his parents very much. —So he does. They (leave) the hometown for nearly two years. 8．The bookshop (open) since last year. 9．Mr. Brown (work) as a zoo keeper for ten years. 10．The astronaut is so tired that he (asleep) for five hours. 【中考链接】 1．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 2．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 4．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 5．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 6．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—Hi, Mr. Zhang! Your car looks new. —Yes. But in fact, I ________ it for two years. A．will buy B．have had C．buy 7．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 8．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 10．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 11．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat. A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived 12．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 13．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 14．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 15．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $