2026年中职英语一轮复习定语从句讲义

定语从句讲义 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 真题例句 who 人 主语，宾语 The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister. whom 人 宾语 The man (whom) you met yesterday is a doctor. which 物 主语，宾语 The car which is red belongs to Tom. that 人；物 主语，宾语 This is the museum that we visited last week. whose 人，物 定语 The house whose windows are open is mine. 练习 1. The woman ______ is sitting under the tree is my aunt.（who/that） 2. The student ______ the teacher praised yesterday is very hard-working.(whom/that/\) 3. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week.(which/that) 4. The girl ______ mother is a doctor studies very well.(whose) 5. The flowers ______ are in the vase were bought this morning.(which/that) 特殊情况： 1.只用that不用which 用法场景 例句 先行词为不定代词（all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one 等） All that we need is time. Everything that is displayed in this museum is related to local folk culture. 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 先行词被 the only, the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰 This is the only book that I need. 主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句 Who is the girl that is standing there? 2. 只能用 which 的情况 用法场景 例句 引导非限制性定语从句 She bought a new bike, which cost 2000 yuan. 介词后指物 This is the house in which I lived. 先行词是 that What’s that which you have in your hand? 练习 (1) All ______ we need is time.(that) (2) She bought a new bike, ______ cost 2000 yuan.(which) (3) This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.(that) (4) Everything ______ he said at the meeting was true.(that) (5) The first thing ______ we should do is to protect the environment.(that) (6) My father and his factory ______ you visited last week are very famous.(that) (7) This is the very book ______ I have been looking for.(that) (8) The novel, ______ is popular among teenagers, was written by a young writer.(which) (9) Zhang Wei, ______ is our monitor, will take part in the competition.(who) 2、 关系副词引导定语从句 1. I love the city ______ I grew up.(where) 1. I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time.(when) 1. Do you know the reason ______ he was late?(why) 1. This is the park ______ we had a good time last weekend.(where) 1. I still remember the time ______ we spent together.(that/which) 关系副词 指代对象 从句中成分 真题例句 where 地点 状语 This is the school where I studied. when 时间 状语 I remember the day when we first met. why 原因 状语 The reason why he was late is clear. 3、 as的用法 用法场景 真题示例 限制性定语从句（the same...as, such...as） He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. 非限制性定语从句（表 “正如”） As we all know, the earth is round. as we know （正如我们所知） as is known to all （众所周知） as often happens （正如经常发生的那样） as we expected （正如我们所预料的） as is often the case （情况常常是这样） (1) This is such a difficult problem ______ no one can solve.（as） (2) ______ is reported in the newspaper, a new school will be built here.(As) (3) He wore the same hat ______ he had on yesterday.(as) (4) ______ often happens, people with good intentions may do bad things.(As) 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句： 例1：The reason why/for which he was late is that he missed the bus. 例2：This is the pen (that) I bought yesterday. 非限制性定语从句： 例1：The reason, for which he was late, is not clear. 例2：She has a new car, which is very expensive. “非限定”使用须知 1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略 2. 从句通常不能用that引导 3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。 4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why 五、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构由 “介词 + whom/which/whose” 构成，用于引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。具体适用对象如下： 指人：使用 “介词 +whom” 指物：使用 “介词 + which” 表所属关系（人 / 物）：使用 “介词 + whose”（可转换为 “the + 名词 + of+whom/which”） (1) The scientist ______ we often turn for help is very kind.(to whom) (2) This is the factory ______ my father has worked for 20 years.(where/in which) (3) I will never forget the day ______ I joined the Party.(when/on which) (4) The reason ______ he gave up the plan is still unknown.(why/for which) 特殊情况 介词不可前置的固定短语动词 当定语从句中的谓语动词与介词构成不可分割的固定短语（即短语动词）时，介词不能提前至关系代词之前，需保留在动词之后，此时关系代词可省略（指物用 which/that，指人用 who /whom/ that）。 1　 常见短语动词：look for（寻找）、look after（照顾）、take care of（照顾）、belong to（属于）、depend on（依赖）等。 正确例句：This is the patient（whom/who/that）we are looking after. 错误例句：This is the patient after whom we are looking. 2　 真题拓展： The old man（whom）we take care of lives alone.（不可改为 The old man of whom we take care lives alone.） “代词 / 数词 + of + 关系代词” 结构 该结构用于表示 “部分与整体” 的关系，其中代词（some/most/all 等）或数词（half/one-third 等）指代整体中的一部分，关系代词指代整体（指人用 whom，指物用 which）。 1　 真题例句： He wrote many books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s. （half 指代 many books 中的一部分） 2　 模拟例句（指人）： There are 50 students in our class, most of whom are from cities. （most 指代 50 students 中的大部分） 3　 拓展用法： I have three brothers, none of whom is a teacher.（none指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，单数更正式。） (1) The girl ______ mother is a doctor won the first prize.（whose） (2) This is the bag（______）I am looking for.（which/that） (3) The company ______ my father works is very large.（where/in which） (4) We are in a situation ______ we have to work hard.（where） (5) The old man ______ we take care of is over 90 years old.（whom/that/who） (6) The book ______ cover is blue is mine.(whose) (7) He has many hobbies, ______ reading is his favorite.(among which) 六、特殊先行词 1. 抽象地点的特殊处理 当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词（如 case（情况）, situation, point, stage, position（位置）、scene、spot（地点）、condition（条件）、circumstance（条件；环境）、state（状态；状况）、phase（阶段）、level 等）时，定语从句需用 where 或 “介词 + which” 引导，不可用 that/which，此时 where 在从句中作抽象意义上的 “地点状语”。 We have reached a stage __________we must make a choice.(where) This is the stage _________we built last year.(that/which) 2. the way 充当先行词作从句的方式状语 the way作状语：in which/that/省略 the way作宾语：which/that/省略 The way_____he treats his parents is worth praising.（in which/that/省略） The way ______he explained yesterday is wrong.（which/that/省略） 特殊先行词习题 (1) I don’t like the way ______ he talks to his mother.(that/in which/ /) (2) We have come to a point ______ we must accept his advice.(where/at which) (3) The way ______ he proposed at the meeting was practical.(that/which/ /) (4) This is the position ______ you can get a good view of the city.(where/in which) (5) She didn’t understand the situation ______ we had to give up.(where/in which) (6) The novel sets a scene ______ people live in harmony with nature.(where/in which) (7) We are in a condition ______ we have to work day and night.(where/in which) (8) The phase ______ children learn to walk is very important.(where/in which) 七、主谓一致 （一）基础用法及例句解析 1. 核心规则： 无论关系词在从句中作何成分，谓语动词的单复数均由先行词的单复数确定。 a. 例句 1（先行词为单数）：The boy who is standing there is my brother.（先行词 the boy 为单数，从句谓语用 is） b. 例句 2（先行词为复数）：The books which are on the desk are mine.（先行词 the books 为复数，从句谓语用 are） （二）特殊情形及易混点 1. 先行词被 “one of + 复数名词” 修饰 此时先行词为复数名词，从句谓语用复数。 例句：This is one of the novels that were written by Lu Xun.（先行词为 novels，复数，谓语用 were） 2. 先行词被 “the only one of + 复数名词” 修饰 此时先行词为 the only one（单数），从句谓语用单数。 例句：He is the only one of the boys who has won the prize. （先行词为 the only one，单数，谓语用 has） 1. He is one of the teachers who ______ (know) French.(know) 2. This is the only one of the rooms that ______ (be) free now.(is) 3. The family who ______ (live) next door are from England.(live) 8、 易混句型 a. 定语从句与并列句 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 1.He has 3 sons, none of _____ lives here.（whom）定语从句 2.He has 3 sons, but none of ____lives here.(them) 并列句 3.I have many books, and most of ______ are in English.(them) 并列句 4.I have many books, most of ______ are in English.(whom) 定语从句 b.定语从句与强调句 1.It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语) 2. It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.) 强调句去掉It was/is...that/who...,句子照样成立，定语从句中关系词充当成分。 1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.（where）定语从句 2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. （that）强调句 3.He has two children, both of ___being abroad （them）独立主格 4. He has two children, and both of ___are abroad.（them）并列句 5.He has two children, both of ___ are abroad. （whom）定语从句 c.定语从句与表语从句 The reason why.... is that.... “...的原因是...” The reason is that... “原因是...” 1.Your coat is still where you left it . 2.The reason ____ I like English is ____ it brings me happiness.（why;that） 3.The reason is ____English brings me joy.(that) 4.Is this the school ___ your father worked in ten years ago. (where) d.定语从句与同位语从句 1.定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容，与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词：news/fact/truth 2.that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用 1.We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句) 2.We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句) 3.I made a promise that if anyone set me free,I would make him very rich.（同位语从） 4.The mother made a promise that/which pleased all her children.（定语从句） 1.This is the place ______ Chairman Mao was born.（where） 2.All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.(that) 3._______ is needed is a supply of oil.(What) 4.Last night I dreamed a dream _____ I passed the entrance examination.(that) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $