Unit 2 Amazing China Welcome to the unit(Attractions around China)—Grammar(现在完成时 ) 学案-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

2026-01-30
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英语八年级下学期 Unit 2 Amazing China Welcome to the unit(Attractions around China)—Grammar(现在完成时Ⅱ) 1.巩固本单元新单词及词组 2.掌握本单元的句型及语法重难点并能够综合运用 1.学习关于中国旅游景点(以南京,洛阳为例)的主题语篇 2.掌握现在完成时中for/since,延续性表达等知识点 词汇表重点解析 1. prefer (1)基本结构 1. prefer + 名词 / 代词 表示 “更喜欢某物 / 某人”,直接接宾语。 例句:I prefer tea to coffee.(对比用 to 连接) She prefers cats; she doesn’t like dogs at all. 2. prefer doing sth. 表示 “更喜欢做某事”,强调习惯性、长期性的偏好。 例句:He prefers staying at home on weekends. My father prefers reading newspapers after dinner. 3. prefer to do sth. 表示 “更愿意做某事”,强调特定场合下的具体选择,也可表 “宁愿做某事”。 例句:I prefer to go swimming this afternoon. She prefers to stay silent when she is angry. 4. prefer A to B 表示 “比起 B,更喜欢 A”,A 和 B 的形式要一致(均为名词或动名词)。 名词对比:He prefers math to English. 动名词对比:I prefer walking to running. 5. prefer to do A rather than do B 表示 “宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B”,rather than 后接动词原形,是中考高频考点。 例句:She prefers to read books rather than watch TV. They prefer to travel by train rather than take a plane. (2)常见搭配拓展 would prefer to do sth.语气更委婉,意为 “更想做某事”。 例句:I would prefer to eat out tonight. Would you prefer to sit here or by the window? would prefer sb. to do sth.意为 “更希望某人做某事”。 例句:My teacher would prefer me to finish the homework today. She would prefer him to come early tomorrow. (3)注意事项 prefer 本身就含有 “比较” 的意味,不能再和 more 连用。 错误:I more prefer apples. 正确:I prefer apples. / I like apples better. 在 prefer A to B 结构中,to 是介词,不是不定式符号,所以后面接动词时要用动名词形式(doing)。 2. scare (1)作动词 (v.) 1. 及物动词:表示 “使…… 害怕;惊吓” 结构:scare + sb./sth. 例句:The sudden loud noise scared the little girl.突然的巨响吓到了这个小女孩。 Don’t scare the birds away — they are eating seeds here.别把鸟吓跑了,它们正在这儿吃种子呢。 2. 不及物动词:表示 “害怕;受惊” 常与介词搭配,常用结构 scare at sth. / scare easily 例句:She scares easily, so we never play horror pranks on her.她很容易受惊,所以我们从不跟她开恐怖玩笑。 The child scared at the sight of the big dog.这个孩子一看到那只大狗就害怕了。 3. 常用动词短语 scare sb. off/away 把某人 / 某物吓跑 例句:The guard dog scared off the stranger. scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得某人做某事 例句:They scared him into telling the truth. be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 例句:I am scared of snakes. / She is scared of swimming in the sea. be scared to do sth. 害怕去做某事 例句:He is scared to climb high mountains. (2)作名词 (n.) 含义为 “恐惧;惊吓;恐慌”,可作可数或不可数名词。 常用搭配: a scare 一场惊吓 give sb. a scare 吓某人一跳 in scare 处于恐慌中 例句:The thunder gave me a big scare last night.昨晚的雷声吓了我一大跳。 There was a scare about a fire in the building, but it was just a false alarm. 这栋楼里有人喊着火了,引起一阵恐慌,结果只是一场误报。 (3)派生词关联 scared 形容词 感到害怕的 She felt scared when she was alone at home. scary 形容词 令人害怕的 That horror movie is really scary. (4)易混词辨析 scared(adj.):主语是人,表 “感到害怕的”→ I’m scared of the dark. scary(adj.):主语是物,表 “令人害怕的”→ The dark is scary for me. 3. explore (1)作及物动词 (vt.) 后面直接接宾语,宾语可以是具体地点或抽象事物。 探索;勘查(未知的地方、区域)常用来描述对自然、地理领域的考察。 常用搭配:explore a forest/mountain/cave 探索森林 / 山脉 / 洞穴 例句:The scientists plan to explore the deep sea next year.科学家们计划明年去探索深海。 Early travelers explored many parts of the world that were unknown to people at that time. 早期的旅行者勘查了当时人类未知的世界许多地区。 探究;仔细研究(抽象事物,如想法、问题、文化等)适用于学术、思想、文化等抽象领域。 常用搭配:explore an idea/a theory/a culture 探究一个想法 / 一种理论 / 一种文化 例句:We need to explore different ways to solve this problem.我们需要探究不同的方法来解决这个问题。 The course allows students to explore the history of ancient China. 这门课程让学生得以探究中国古代的历史。 (2)作不及物动词 (vi.) 后面不接宾语,仅表示 “探索;考察” 的动作。 例句:The team set off to explore in the remote desert.这支队伍出发去偏远的沙漠里探索。 Children love to explore and discover new things around them.孩子们喜欢探索和发现身边的新事物。 (3)派生词关联 explorer可数名词 探险家;勘探者 He dreamed of becoming a famous explorer when he was young. exploration不可数名词 / 可数名词 探索;勘查The exploration of outer space is a great challenge for humans. (4)常见固定短语 explore into sth. 深入探究某事(用法较正式) 例句:The professor explored into the causes of the disease. explore every possibility 探索所有可能性 例句:We must explore every possibility to save the endangered animals. 4. rest in 位于 (1)rest 作动词时:rest in sth. 1. 表示 “在于;存在于” 用于抽象含义,指事物的本质、原因或关键之处体现在某事物上,多用于正式语境。 常用搭配:The key/secret/answer rests in... 例句:The success of the project rests in careful planning and teamwork. 这个项目的成功在于周密的计划和团队协作。 The solution to this problem rests in understanding the needs of the users. 解决这个问题的关键在于理解用户的需求。 2. 表示 “安息于;长眠于” 用于描述逝者的安葬地点,语气庄重,是较为委婉的表达。 例句:The great writer rests in the local cemetery.这位伟大的作家长眠于当地的公墓。 Her grandparents rest in peace in a small village by the sea.她的祖父母安详地长眠在海边的一个小村庄。 (2)rest 作名词时:(the) rest in sth. 表示 “在某事物中的剩余部分”,用法相对少见,需搭配定冠词 the。 例句:I have finished most of the work, and the rest in the task is easy to complete. 我已经完成了大部分工作,任务里剩下的部分很容易完成。 (3)易混短语辨析 rest in 在于;安息于 The hope rests in our joint efforts. rest on 依靠;依赖;基于 Our decision rests on the final report. rest with 取决于;由…… 负责 The choice rests with you. 5. choice (1)作名词 (n.) 1. 核心含义:选择;抉择 可作可数名词或不可数名词,常用搭配有 make a choice(做出选择)、have no choice but to do sth.(别无选择只能做某事)。 可数名词用法: It’s a difficult choice to decide which university to attend.决定上哪所大学是个艰难的抉择。 There are several choices for you to pick from.有好几个选项供你挑选。 不可数名词用法: Choice is a basic right of every citizen.选择是每个公民的基本权利。 You have to make a choice between work and family.你必须在工作和家庭之间做出选择。 2. 含义:供选择的种类;选项 仅作可数名词,常用搭配 a wide choice of sth.(种类繁多的某物)。 例句:The restaurant offers a wide choice of delicious food.这家餐厅有种类繁多的美食可供选择。 There is a big choice of books in the new library.新图书馆里有很多种类的书。 3. 含义:入选者;被选中的人 / 物 作可数名词,语气较正式。 例句:She was the best choice for the position of class monitor.她是班长职位的最佳人选。 This model is our latest choice for the summer collection.这款是我们夏季系列的最新主推款式。 (2)作形容词 (adj.) 含义是 “精选的;优质的”,多用于修饰食品、商品等,语气较正式。 常用搭配:choice apples(精选苹果)、choice meat(优质肉类) 例句:The shop sells choice vegetables imported from abroad.这家商店售卖进口的优质蔬菜。 (3)常见固定短语 have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 例句:We had no choice but to wait for the next bus. make a choice做出选择 例句:You should make a choice before the deadline. by choice出于自愿;自愿地 例句:She lives alone by choice, not because she has to. (4)易混词辨析 choice名词 / 形容词 强调 “选择的行为、选项或精选的” It’s a hard choice. choose动词 强调 “选择的动作” I choose to stay at home. alternative名词 / 形容词 强调 “二选一或可替代的选项” We have no alternative but to leave. 6. seat of power (1)核心用法与场景 指具体的地理场所特指一个国家、地区或组织的最高权力机构所在地,比如首都、政府驻地、王宫等。 常用搭配:the seat of power of... 例句:For centuries, Beijing has been the seat of power in China.几个世纪以来,北京一直是中国的权力中心。 The ancient castle was once the seat of power for the local royal family. 这座古堡曾是当地皇室的权力所在地。 指抽象的权力核心侧重指代掌控权力的核心群体或阶层,而非具体地点,语气较正式。 例句:The seat of power in this company lies with the board of directors.这家公司的权力核心在董事会手中。 Over time, the seat of power shifted from the old aristocracy to the new middle class. 随着时间推移,权力中心从旧贵族转移到了新的中产阶级。 (2)近义词辨析 seat of power强调 “权力的聚集地 / 核心”,可指地点或群体London is the seat of power in the UK. seat of government 仅指 “政府所在地”,侧重具体场所 Washington D.C. is the seat of government of the United States. power base强调 “权力的基础来源”(如支持群体、地区)The politician’s power base is in the rural areas. 7. must-see 复合形容词或名词,核心含义是 “必看的;必看的事物 / 景点”,多用于推荐景点、电影、展览、演出等值得体验的内容,语气带有强烈的推荐意味。 (1)作复合形容词 修饰名词,放在名词前,结构为 must-see + 名词。 常用搭配: must-see attraction 必看景点must-see movie 必看电影must-see show 必看演出 例句:The Forbidden City is a must-see spot for tourists visiting Beijing.故宫是去北京旅游的游客必看的景点。 My friend recommended a must-see documentary about wildlife to me. 我朋友给我推荐了一部必看的野生动物纪录片。 (2)作名词 可作可数名词,指 “必看的事物”,常用搭配 a must-see 或 the must-sees。 例句:The Terracotta Army is a must-see when you travel to Xi’an.去西安旅游的话,兵马俑是必看的景点。 The travel guide lists the top 10 must-sees in this city.这份旅游指南列出了这座城市的十大必看景点。 (3)拓展用法 口语中还可以说 a must-do(必做的事),用法和 must-see 对应,例如: Hiking in the mountains is a must-do activity here in autumn.秋天的时候,进山徒步是这里必做的活动。 8. abroad (1)核心用法 表示 “在国外;旅居海外”常与表示动作的动词(如 go, live, travel, study, work)搭配,位置一般在动词之后。 例句:My brother plans to study abroad next year.我哥哥计划明年出国留学。 She has lived abroad for over five years.她已经在国外生活了五年多。 Do you want to travel abroad during the summer holiday?你暑假想去国外旅行吗? 固定搭配:from abroad表示 “从国外来的”,作后置定语或状语。 例句:We import a lot of goods from abroad.我们从国外进口很多商品。 These students from abroad are very friendly.这些来自国外的学生很友好。 (2)注意事项 abroad 是副词,不是名词,因此不能说 in abroad / at abroad,直接用即可。 错误:He is in abroad now. 正确:He is abroad now. 若要表达 “在国外的某地”,需用 in + 具体国家 / 城市名,而非 abroad。 例句:She works in Paris, not just abroad.她在巴黎工作,不只是在国外。 (3)近义词辨析 abroad 副词 泛指 “国外”,无具体地点 He went abroad last month. overseas 副词 / 形容词 与 abroad 用法相近;作形容词时可修饰名词 They do overseas business.(形容词)She went overseas to work.(副词) foreign 形容词 表示 “外国的”,可直接修饰名词 home and abroad 放在句首或句末,修饰动词,常见搭配有 be famous/popular/known home and abroad(闻名海内外)、attract people home and abroad(吸引国内外人士)。 例句: The Great Wall is well-known home and abroad.长城闻名海内外。 This traditional art has attracted many fans home and abroad.这项传统艺术吸引了众多海内外爱好者。 Home and abroad, people are paying more attention to environmental protection. 国内外的人们都在越来越关注环境保护。 9. admire (1)核心用法搭配 admire + sb.表示 “钦佩 / 羡慕某人”,侧重对他人的品德、能力等的赞赏。 例句:We all admire her for her courage and kindness.我们都钦佩她的勇气和善良。 My little brother admires the football star very much.我弟弟特别崇拜那位足球明星。 admire + sth.表示 “欣赏 / 赞美某物”,多用于景物、艺术品、成就等。 例句:Tourists stop to admire the beautiful sunset over the lake.游客们驻足欣赏湖上美丽的日落。 Everyone admires his great success in the field of science.所有人都赞赏他在科学领域取得的巨大成就。 admire sb. for (doing) sth.表示 “因(做)某事而钦佩某人”,是高频考点搭配,for 后接钦佩的原因。 例句:I admire him for his honesty and hard work.我因他的诚实和勤奋而钦佩他。 People admire the old scientist for making great contributions to our country. 人们因这位老科学家为国家做出的巨大贡献而敬佩他。 admire + wh- 从句表示 “赞赏 / 羡慕…… 的情况”,从句用陈述句语序。 例句:I really admire what he has achieved in such a short time.我真的很钦佩他在这么短的时间内取得的成就。 (2)派生词关联 admiration 名词 钦佩;赞赏 She looked at the painting with admiration. admirable 形容词 令人钦佩的;值得赞赏的 His selfless spirit is admirable. (3)注意事项 admire 是及物动词,后面必须接宾语,不能说 I admire. admire 不用于进行时态,不能说 I am admiring her. 10. make one’s way (to) 核心含义是 “前往;费力地前进;成功;发迹” (1)表示 “前往某地;费力地行进” 这是最常用的含义,侧重克服阻碍、缓慢移动的过程,后面常接介词短语说明方向或目的地。 基本结构 make one's way to + 地点:前往某地 make one's way through/across + 空间:费力穿过某处 短语中 one's 需根据主语替换为 my/your/his/her/their 等。 例句:We made our way to the train station in the heavy rain.我们冒着大雨赶往火车站。 The old man made his way slowly across the busy street.老人缓慢地、费力地穿过这条繁忙的街道。 She made her way through the crowd to say hello to us.她挤过人群来和我们打招呼。 (2)表示 “取得成功;发迹;在某领域立足” 这是引申含义,侧重通过努力获得成就,多用于正式语境,常与 in 搭配说明领域。 基本结构 make one's way in + 领域/行业:在某领域闯出一片天 例句:He made his way in the film industry with his hard work.他凭借努力在电影行业站稳了脚跟。 It's not easy to make your way in a foreign country alone.独自一人在异国他乡打拼并不容易。 (3)常见拓展短语 make one's way home:回家(固定搭配,home 前不加介词) 例句:After the party, we made our way home together. (4)注意事项 这个短语描述的动作通常有一定难度,区别于普通的 go to(单纯 “去某地”)。 不能省略 one's,不能说 make way to...(make way 是另一个短语,意为 “让路”)。 11. central (1)作形容词(最常用) 1. 表示 “中心的;中央的”(地理或空间位置) 用于描述处于某个区域的核心位置,可修饰地点、建筑、设施等名词。 常用搭配: central city 市中心 central park 中央公园 central station 中央车站 例句:Our school is located in the central part of the city.我们学校位于城市的中心区域。 The central square is the most crowded place on weekends.中央广场是周末最热闹的地方。 2. 表示 “最重要的;核心的”(抽象含义) 用于描述事物的关键部分或核心地位,多用于正式语境。 常用搭配: central idea 中心思想 central problem 核心问题 central role 核心作用 例句:The central theme of this book is love and peace.这本书的核心主题是爱与和平。 Communication plays a central part in building good relationships.沟通在建立良好关系中起着核心作用。 (2)作名词 含义为 “电话总机;中央办公室”,多用于英式英语,口语中可缩写为 central。 例句:Please call central if you need to connect to another room.如果你需要转接其他房间,请拨打总机。 (3)派生词关联 centre/center 名词 / 动词 中心;以…… 为中心 Beijing is the centre of China’s politics and culture. centralize 动词 使集中;集权 The company decided to centralize its management. (4)注意事项 central 是形容词,不能直接作主语,若要表示 “中心” 的位置,需用名词 centre/center。 错误:The central of the city is very busy. 正确:The centre of the city is very busy. 12. business (1)表示 “商业;生意;贸易” 为不可数名词,泛指商业活动或行业,常用在正式或日常语境中。 常用搭配:do business 做生意 start a business 创业on business 出差(固定短语)business hours 营业时间 例句:My father does business with companies home and abroad.我爸爸和国内外的公司做生意。 He is going to Shanghai on business next week.他下周要去上海出差。 The store’s business hours are from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.这家店的营业时间是早 9 点到晚 9 点。 (2)表示 “公司;企业” 为可数名词,指代具体的商业机构,和 company 含义相近。 常用搭配:a small business 小公司 family business 家族企业 例句:Her uncle runs a small business that sells handmade gifts.她叔叔经营着一家卖手工礼品的小公司。 This family business has been passed down for three generations.这家家族企业已经传承了三代。 (3)表示 “事务;事情” 可作可数或不可数名词,泛指个人或公共的各类事务,口语中常用 It’s none of your business. 表示 “不关你的事”。 常用搭配:private business 私事public business 公事mind one’s own business 管好自己的事 例句:I have some private business to deal with this afternoon.我今天下午有私事要处理。 Please mind your own business and stop asking me questions.请管好你自己的事,别再问我问题了。 (4)常见固定短语 get down to business 着手处理正事 例句:Let’s stop chatting and get down to business. mean business 是认真的;不是说着玩的 例句:When she says she’ll finish the task, she means business. (5)派生词关联 businessman/businesswoman 可数名词 商人 She is a successful businesswoman in the fashion industry. businesslike 形容词 高效务实的;公事公办的 He has a very businesslike way of talking. 13. mix 1、 作动词(vt. /vi.) 1. 及物动词:表示 “混合;调配” 直接接宾语,指将两种或多种东西搅合在一起,常用搭配 mix A and/with B。 例句:Please mix the flour and water to make a paste.请把面粉和水混合调成糊状。 She mixes milk with coffee every morning.她每天早上都把牛奶和咖啡掺在一起。 2. 不及物动词:表示 “混合;相容” 后面可接介词 with,指事物之间能融合,或人能合群。 例句:Oil doesn’t mix with water.油和水不相溶。 The new student mixes well with his classmates.这个新同学和班里的人相处得很融洽。 3. 常用动词短语 mix up:弄混;混淆;弄乱 例句:I mixed up the twins’ names again.我又把那对双胞胎的名字弄混了。 mix up sth. with sth.:把某物和某物弄混 例句:Don’t mix up the exam papers with the homework.别把试卷和作业弄混了。 mix in:混入;掺进去 例句:Mix in some sugar and stir for a minute.加一些糖进去,搅拌一分钟。 (2)作名词(n.) 1. 表示 “混合物;混合料” 可数名词,指混合后的成品,常见于食品、饮品相关语境。 例句:This drink is a mix of fruit juice and soda.这种饮料是果汁和苏打水的混合物。 Buy a mix of nuts for the party.买一包什锦坚果来招待聚会宾客。 2. 表示 “结合体;混合体” 可数名词,指不同人或事物的组合。 例句:The team is a good mix of young and experienced players.这支队伍是年轻选手和资深选手的绝佳组合。 3. 固定搭配 a mix of:…… 的混合体 例句:The city is a mix of old and new buildings.这座城市是新旧建筑的混合体。 (3)派生词关联 mixture 名词 混合物;混合体 Air is a mixture of gases. mixed 形容词 混合的;混杂的 We have a mixed class with students from different countries. 14. until (1)作介词 后接时间名词 / 代词,构成介词短语,在句中作状语。 基本结构:主语 + 谓语(持续性动词) + until + 时间点 例句:I will wait for you until 6 o'clock.我会等你到 6 点钟。 She stayed at home until last weekend.她一直待在家里,直到上周末。 (2)作连词 后接时间状语从句,引导从句说明主句动作的截止时间。 接肯定句主句谓语必须是持续性动词(如 wait, stay, work, study 等),表示动作持续到从句时间为止。 例句:He worked in the office until the rain stopped.他在办公室工作,直到雨停。 We kept talking until the teacher came in.我们一直聊天,直到老师进来。 接否定句(not...until...)这是高频考点,主句谓语通常是短暂性动词(如 go, come, start, finish 等),表示动作在从句时间才发生,意为 “直到…… 才……”。 例句:I didn’t go to bed until my parents came back.我直到父母回来才睡觉。 The film won’t start until everyone arrives.电影要等所有人到齐才会开始。 注意:否定句中可将 until 从句提前,句子主谓无需倒装。 例句:Until the bell rang, we didn’t stop reading.直到铃声响起,我们才停止阅读。 (3)关键注意事项 时态搭配 主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来:She won't leave until you come tomorrow. 主句和从句都用过去时(描述过去的动作):They didn’t leave until the meeting ended. 与 till 的区别 till 和 until 含义和用法基本一致,till 更口语化,until 更正式。 句首通常用 until,不用 till: ✅ Until now, I haven't heard from him. ❌ Till now, I haven't heard from him. (4)常见易错句辨析 He left until his mother came. leave 是短暂性动词,肯定句不能和 until 连用 →He didn’t leave until his mother came. not...until (1)基本结构与用法 1. 基础句式 主语 + 助动词(do/does/did/will 等) + not + 谓语动词(短暂性动词) + until + 时间点 / 从句 关键点:主句的谓语动词必须是短暂性动词(如 go, come, start, finish, leave, begin 等),这类动词无法表示持续动作,只能表示动作的发生。 例句:I didn’t go to bed until 11 o’clock last night.我昨晚直到 11 点才上床睡觉。 The bus won’t start until all the passengers get on.公交车要等所有乘客上车才会启动。 2. until 后接从句 当 until 后接时间状语从句时,需遵循 “主将从现” 原则:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句:She won’t leave the classroom until she finishes her homework.她要做完作业才会离开教室。 We can’t begin the meeting until the manager arrives.我们要等经理到了才能开始会议。 (2)句式变形 1. 倒装句式(强调 until 部分) 把 Not until 放在句首时,主句需要部分倒装(助动词提到主语前),语气更强烈。 结构:Not until + 时间点 / 从句 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 例句: 原句:He didn’t realize his mistake until his teacher told him. 倒装句:Not until his teacher told him did he realize his mistake.直到老师告诉他,他才意识到自己的错误。 2. 用于强调句 可以和 It is/was...that... 结合,强调 until 引导的时间部分。 结构:It is/was not until + 时间点 / 从句 + that + 主句(陈述句语序) 例句: 原句:I didn’t know the truth until yesterday. 强调句:It was not until yesterday that I knew the truth.直到昨天我才知道真相。 (3)关键注意事项 谓语动词的选择主句必须用短暂性动词,如果是持续性动词,只能用肯定句的 until(表示动作持续到某个时间),不能用 not...until。 错误:She didn’t stay at home until 5 p.m.(stay 是持续性动词) 正确:She stayed at home until 5 p.m.(她在家待到下午5点) 与 till 的替换till 和 until 含义完全一致,till 更口语化,not...till 也可以用,但倒装和强调句中只能用 until。 口语:I didn’t wake up till 9 a.m. 倒装:Not until 9 a.m. did I wake up.(不能用 till) (4)同义句式替换 可以用 not...before... 替换,语气稍弱,含义相近。 例句:He didn’t arrive until 8 p.m. = He didn’t arrive before 8 p.m. 15. anywhere (1)基本用法 1. 用于否定句 替换肯定句中的 somewhere,表示 “无处;任何地方都不”。 例句:I can’t find my keys anywhere.我到处都找不到我的钥匙。 She doesn’t want to go anywhere this weekend.这个周末她哪儿都不想去。 2. 用于疑问句 询问 “是否有某个地方”,语气委婉。 例句:Did you go anywhere interesting on vacation?你假期去什么好玩的地方了吗? Is there anywhere we can sit and rest?有什么地方能让我们坐下休息吗? 3. 用于条件句 表示 “如果有任何地方”,呼应条件假设的语境。 例句:If you go anywhere near the park, please buy me an ice cream. 如果你去公园附近的任何地方,麻烦帮我买一支冰淇淋。 You can call me if you need help anywhere.无论你在哪儿需要帮助,都可以给我打电话。 4. 用于肯定句 表示 “随便哪个地方;任何地方都可以”,强调 “没有限制”。 例句:You can sit anywhere you like in this room.在这个房间里你想坐哪儿就坐哪儿。 He is so popular that his fans are anywhere in the country.他非常受欢迎,粉丝遍布全国各个地方。 (2)常见搭配与短语 not...anywhere near:远不及;根本不 例句:This book is not anywhere near as interesting as the one I read last week. 这本书远不如我上周读的那本有趣。 just about anywhere:几乎任何地方 例句:You can find this brand of coffee just about anywhere.你几乎在任何地方都能买到这个牌子的咖啡。 (3)易混词辨析 anywhere 副词 否定句、疑问句、条件句、肯定句 强调 “任意性”,无具体地点 somewhere副词 肯定句 表示 “某个不确定的地方” everywhere副词 肯定句 表示 “到处;所有地方” nowhere 副词 否定语境 表示 “无处;哪里都不” (4)注意事项 anywhere 是副词,前面不能加介词(如 in/at/to),不能说 in anywhere。 错误:I want to go to anywhere quiet. 正确:I want to go anywhere quiet. 修饰 anywhere 时,形容词要放在它的后面,构成 “副词 + 后置定语” 结构。 例句:Is there anywhere cheap to eat around here?这附近有什么便宜的吃饭地方吗? 16. marry (1)作及物动词 1. 表示 “娶;嫁给某人” 直接接宾语(sb.),无需加介词,这是最基础的用法。 例句:He married a doctor last year.他去年娶了一位医生。 She married her childhood sweetheart in 2020.她 2020 年嫁给了她的青梅竹马。 2. 表示 “为…… 主持婚礼;使联姻” 用法较正式,日常语境中不常用。 例句:The priest married them in the church.牧师在教堂为他们主持了婚礼。 (2)作不及物动词 表示 “结婚” 的动作,不强调对象,常用搭配 get married(更口语化,表动作)或 be married(表状态)。 marry(表动作,较正式) 例句:They married young.他们很年轻就结婚了。 get married (to sb.)(表动作,日常最常用) 例句:When are you going to get married?你打算什么时候结婚? She got married to a teacher last month.她上个月和一位老师结婚了。 be married (to sb.)(表状态,可与时间段连用) 例句:They have been married for ten years.他们结婚已经十年了。 She is married to a writer.她嫁给了一位作家。 (3)关键注意事项 不能说 marry with sb.,这是典型错误,直接用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb.。 错误:She married with Tom. 正确:She married Tom. / She got married to Tom. marry 和 get married 是短暂性动作,不能和时间段连用;be married 是持续性状态,可以和时间段连用。 错误:They have married for 5 years. 正确:They have been married for 5 years. (4)派生词 married 形容词 已婚的 Are you married or single? marriage 名词 婚姻;婚礼 Their marriage is very happy. 星号*单词 1. attraction (1)表示 “吸引力;诱惑力” 为不可数名词,侧重事物或人具有的能引起他人兴趣、好感的特质,常用搭配有 attraction for sb./sth.(对…… 的吸引力)。 例句:The attraction of this job is its high salary and flexible working hours. 这份工作的吸引力在于它的高薪和弹性工作时间。 The city has a special attraction for tourists from all over the world. 这座城市对世界各地的游客有着一种特殊的吸引力。 (2)表示 “有吸引力的人或事物;心仪的对象” 为可数名词,可指具体的人、物品或活动。 例句:The new student is a real attraction in our class—everyone likes him. 这个新同学是我们班的焦点人物,所有人都喜欢他。 For many people, reading is a great attraction in their spare time. 对很多人来说,阅读是他们闲暇时的一大乐趣。 (3)表示 “景点;游览胜地” 为可数名词,多用于旅游相关语境,常用搭配 tourist attraction(旅游景点)。 例句:The Great Wall is one of the most famous attractions in China.长城是中国最著名的景点之一。 This small town has several historical attractions worth visiting.这座小镇有好几处值得参观的历史景点。 (4)派生词关联 attract动词 吸引;引起…… 的兴趣 The beautiful scenery attracts a lot of visitors every year. attractive 形容词 有吸引力的;迷人的 She is an attractive girl with a warm smile. (5)常见固定搭配 tourist attraction 旅游景点 place of attraction 名胜古迹 2. vibes 英语中口语化极强的名词,是 vibrations 的缩写,核心含义是 “氛围;气场;感觉;情绪基调”,多用于非正式场合,用来描述人、场所或事物传递出的无形感受。 (1)核心用法 1. 表示 “场所的氛围、气场” 这是最常用的含义,指某个地方给人的整体感觉(舒适、压抑、热闹等),常用搭配 good vibes(好氛围)、bad vibes(糟糕的氛围)。 例句:This café has such good vibes—I could stay here all day. 这家咖啡馆的氛围太棒了,我可以在这里待一整天。 The old house gives me bad vibes, so I don’t want to go inside. 这栋老房子给我的感觉很不舒服,我不想进去。 2. 表示 “人的情绪、气场或给人的感觉” 指某个人身上散发的无形气质或情绪状态,别人能直观感受到。 例句:She walked into the room with positive vibes, and everyone smiled. 她带着积极的气场走进房间,所有人都笑了。 I don’t like hanging out with him—he always has negative vibes. 我不喜欢和他待在一起,他总是散发着负能量。 3. 表示 “对某事的直觉、预感” 指没有明确依据,但对某件事产生的直观感受。 例句:I got weird vibes from that stranger, so I crossed the street to avoid him. 那个陌生人给我的感觉很奇怪,所以我过马路躲开了他。 The vibes of this meeting are tense—something bad might happen. 这场会议的气氛很紧张,可能会有不好的事发生。 (2)常见固定搭配 good vibes 好氛围、正能量 例句:Let’s keep good vibes only at the party. bad vibes 坏氛围、负能量 例句:Get rid of the bad vibes and focus on your goal. vibe with sb./sth. (口语)和某人 / 某物合得来、合拍 补充:这是动词短语用法,vibe 在这里作动词,例句:I really vibe with this song—it’s so catchy. (3)注意事项 vibes 通常用复数形式,极少用单数 vibe(单数形式多在口语动词短语中出现)。 属于非正式用语,不适合用在学术论文、正式报告等严肃文本中,日常聊天、社交媒体、口语表达中使用居多。 3. carving (1)作名词 1. 表示 “雕刻品;雕刻作品” 为可数名词,指用木头、石头、象牙等材料雕刻而成的艺术品,常见于工艺品、文物相关语境。 常用搭配: wood carving 木雕 stone carving 石雕 ivory carving 牙雕 例句:The museum displays a collection of ancient carvings from the Ming Dynasty. 这家博物馆展出了一批明代的古老雕刻作品。 Her grandfather made a beautiful wood carving of a bird for her birthday. 她爷爷给她雕刻了一个精美的木质小鸟作为生日礼物。 2. 表示 “雕刻(的动作或技艺)” 为不可数名词,指雕刻这门手艺或具体的雕刻过程。 例句:Carving requires patience and a steady hand.雕刻需要耐心和稳健的手法。 He spent three years learning the art of stone carving.他花了三年时间学习石雕技艺。 3. 表示 “(熟肉的)切片” 为可数名词,多用于餐饮语境,指切好的肉块。 例句:She served some carvings of roast beef with vegetables.她端上了几片烤牛肉配蔬菜。 The chef’s carving of the turkey was neat and even.厨师把火鸡切得均匀整齐。 (3)作现在分词 / 动名词 由动词 carve 变化而来,可作定语或用于进行时、介词后。 作定语:表示 “用于雕刻的;正在雕刻的” 例句:He bought a set of carving tools for his hobby.他为自己的爱好买了一套雕刻工具。 作动名词:表示 “雕刻” 的动作,常跟在介词后 例句:She is interested in carving small animals out of wood.她对用木头雕刻小动物很感兴趣。 用于进行时:表示正在发生的雕刻动作 例句:The artist is carving a statue out of marble right now.这位艺术家此刻正在用大理石雕刻一尊雕像。 (3)派生词关联 carve 动词 雕刻;切割 He can carve a flower on a piece of wood in minutes. carver 名词 雕刻家;切肉刀 The famous carver held an exhibition last month. 4. dreamlike (1)核心用法 1. 修饰场景、景色或氛围 这是最常见的用法,形容某个画面、环境美得像梦境一样,让人沉浸其中。 常用搭配:dreamlike scenery/atmosphere/moment/view 例句:The village covered in snow has a dreamlike beauty.被白雪覆盖的村庄有着一种梦幻般的美。 The sunset over the sea created a dreamlike atmosphere.海上的日落营造出了一种如梦似幻的氛围。 Walking through the cherry blossom forest feels dreamlike.漫步在樱花林中,感觉就像在梦里一样。 2. 修饰经历、感受或记忆 形容一段经历或一种感受不真实,像梦境中的体验,可用于美好或略带恍惚的语境。 例句:Winning the championship was a dreamlike experience for the young athlete. 赢得冠军对这位年轻运动员来说是一次梦幻般的经历。 Her childhood memories of summer nights are dreamlike and warm. 她对夏夜的童年记忆是梦幻而温暖的。 (2)近义词辨析 dreamlike 强调 “像梦境的”,侧重视觉或体验的虚幻感,褒义为主 The starry sky is dreamlike. dreamy 可指 “梦幻的”,也可指人 “爱幻想的”,语气更轻松 She has a dreamy expression on her face. (3)注意事项 dreamlike 是形容词,只能修饰名词或作表语,不能作副词。 错误:The fireworks exploded dreamlike in the sky. 正确:The fireworks exploded in a dreamlike way in the sky. 该词多用于文学描写、日常赞美等语境,口语和书面语中都可使用,正式程度中等。 5. site (1)作名词(最常用,含义分三类) 1. 表示 “地点;场所;遗址” 特指用于特定目的的地块,或有历史意义的遗迹,可数名词。 常用搭配: historical site 历史遗址construction site 建筑工地archaeological site 考古遗址the site of a battle 古战场 例句:The Forbidden City is a famous historical site in Beijing.故宫是北京著名的历史遗址。 No visitors are allowed to enter the construction site.建筑工地禁止游客入内。 2. 表示 “网站” 是 website 的简写形式,口语和书面语中都很常用,可数名词。 常用搭配:official site 官方网站news site 新闻网站visit a site 访问一个网站 例句:You can download the app from the company’s official site.你可以从公司官网下载这个应用。 This site provides free online courses for students.这个网站为学生提供免费在线课程。 3. 表示 “(建筑物的)选址;地基” 侧重建筑物的位置或建造地基,可数名词。 例句:The site of the new hospital is near the city center.新医院的选址在市中心附近。 Engineers checked the soil before building on the site.工程师在这块地基上动工前先检测了土壤。 (2)作动词(正式用语,含义为 “选址;使坐落于”) 指为建筑、设施等选定位置并安置,及物动词,常用被动语态 be sited。 常用搭配:site sth. in/on/at a place 把某物建于某处 例句:The factory is sited on the edge of the town to reduce noise pollution. 这家工厂建在城镇边缘,以减少噪音污染。 The new school will be sited in the residential area.这所新学校将建在居民区。 (3)易混词辨析 site 名 / 动 侧重特定用途的地点或网站 a building site / a music site place 名 泛指一切 “地方”,范围最广 a nice place to eat location 名 侧重地理位置或电影拍摄地 a good location for a shop spot 名 口语化,指 “小地点;景点” a quiet spot by the lake (4)常见固定短语 on site 在场;在现场 例句:There is a first-aid station on site during the sports meeting.运动会期间现场设有急救站。 off site 不在现场;场外 例句:The team had an off site meeting in a hotel.团队在一家酒店开了一场场外会议。 语法(现在完成时Ⅱ) 1、 have been to,have gone to 1.have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。(人已回)。 have/has been to someplace表示“到过/去过某处”,指曾经去过某处,但现在人不在那儿。它讲的是过去的情况,强调去过,侧重于到目前为止的一个结果,是对过去经历的一种回忆。后面可以接次数,如once,twice,three times等,表示“去过某地几次”,也可以和just,never,ever,before等连用。 Have you ever been to Nanjing?你曾经去过南京吗? 2.have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。(人已走,尚未回。只用于第三人称。) have/ has gone to someplace表示“去了某处”,可能正在去某地的途中,也可能已经在某地,强调某人不在这儿,还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。 它一般只用于第三人称,不用于第一或第二人称,不能用来代替have/has been to。 如: 1)—Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗? —No. She has gone to work.不。她上班去了 2)—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿? —He has gone to the library. He will be back in a minute.他去图书馆了。他一会儿就回来。 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 for+时间段。表示“有(多长)一段时间了”。如: I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如:  I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如: She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 (3) since+从句(一般过去时)。如: Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句(一般过去时)。如: It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 2、 延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法 英语中的动词,根据所表示的动作是否能够延续,分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 If we want to express a continuous state, we can use another way like this. Verb(短暂性动词) Used for a continuous state(延续性状态) begin/start have/has been on finish/stop have/has been over come/go/arrive have/has been in/at leave have/has bee away borrow have/has kept join have/has been in; have/has been a member of marry have/has been married die have/has been dead 【典例】 Kitty has been in Hong Kong for two days. √ Kitty has gone to Hong Kong for two days. × Kitty has gone to Hong Kong. √ Kitty has had the king rings since two hours ago. √ Kitty has bought the key rings since two hours ago. × Kitty has bought the key rings. √ 经典题型01 单项选择 —Your T-shirt looks beautiful. When did you buy it? —In June. I ________ it for two weeks. A.had B.have had C.buy D.have bought 经典题型02 完成句子 我自从5岁生日时就拥有了这辆自行车。 . 一、单项选择 1.I have ______ in touch with my pen friend for many years ______ writing letters. A.got; in B.got; by C.kept; with D.kept; by 2.—How long is it since he ______ this school? —He ______ for three years. A.has left; has left B.left; has been away C.leaves; has left D.left; has left 3.Kitty with her parents ________ Hong Kong since last week. A.have been in B.have gone to C.has been to D.has stayed in 4.—Where’s Tom?—Nobody knows where he ________. He ________ home for nearly a week. A.has been; left B.went; has been away from C.has gone; left D.has gone; has been away from 5.Which of the following sentences is RIGHT? A.I haven’t seen him for ages. B.He’s borrowed the book for two weeks. C.His father has left here since he was born. D.I have joined the army since two days ago. 二、完成句子 1.我爸爸已经去南京出差两次了。 2.你的丈夫出国多久了? 3.这部电影已经开始一个半小时了。 4.那对法国夫妻结婚多久了? 参考答案 经典题型 B,I have had the bike since my fifth birthday. 课后练习 一、DBDDA 二、 1.My father has been to Nanjing on business twice. 2.How long has your husband been abroad? 3.The film has been on for one and a half hours/one hour and a half. 4.How long have the French couple been married? 6 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Amazing China Welcome to the unit(Attractions around China)—Grammar(现在完成时 ) 学案-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册
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Unit 2 Amazing China Welcome to the unit(Attractions around China)—Grammar(现在完成时 ) 学案-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册
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Unit 2 Amazing China Welcome to the unit(Attractions around China)—Grammar(现在完成时 ) 学案-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册
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