Unit 1 Integration～Further study知识讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

英语八年级下学期 Unit 1 Past and present Integration（Beautiful countryside）——Further study 1.学习本部分单元重点词汇和短语用法 2.理解并提取文章信息，关于家乡城市变化主题的文章，简单谈论自己家长的过去和现在 3.单元主题写作 1.掌握重点词汇和短语在文段和具体语境中的运用 2.通过主题文章，培养对美好生活的热爱 词汇表重点解析 1. step （1）名词用法 含义 1：脚步；台阶 搭配：take steps（迈步）；on the steps（在台阶上） 例句：I heard steps outside the door—maybe it’s my mom.（我听到门外有脚步声，可能是妈妈。） 例句：Please be careful when you walk down the steps.（下台阶时请小心。） 含义 2：步骤；措施 搭配：the first step（第一步）；take steps to do sth.（采取措施做某事） 例句：The first step to learn English well is to read more.（学好英语的第一步是多阅读。） 例句：We should take steps to protect our environment.（我们应该采取措施保护环境。） （2）动词用法 搭配：step + 副词 / 介词短语；step on sth.（踩到某物） 例句：She stepped slowly towards the teacher’s office.（她慢慢走向教师办公室。） 例句：Don’t step on the grass—it’s our duty to protect it.（别踩草坪，保护它是我们的责任。） （3）易混辨析与固定短语 take steps to do sth. = take measures to do sth.（采取措施做某事） step by step（逐步地；一步一步地） → 例句：Learn English step by step, and you will make progress.（一步一步学英语，你会进步的。） in steps（分步骤地） → 例句：We finished the project in steps.（我们分步骤完成了这个项目。） 易混对比：step（脚步 / 步骤）vs. pace（步伐；节奏） step 侧重具体的 “一步” 或做事的 “步骤”；pace 侧重走路的 “节奏” 或速度。 例句：He took a few steps forward.（他向前走了几步。） 例句：We should walk at a slow pace in the park.（我们在公园里应该慢慢走。） 2. wide （1）形容词用法 含义 1：宽的；宽阔的（修饰道路、河流、物体等） 搭配：be + wide + 具体尺寸 /wide + 名词 例句：This road is 10 meters wide.（这条路有 10 米宽。） 例句：The river is too wide for us to swim across.（这条河太宽了，我们游不过去。） 例句：She bought a wide desk for her study.（她给书房买了一张宽书桌。） 含义 2：广泛的；普遍的（修饰兴趣、知识面等抽象概念） 例句：He has a wide knowledge of history.（他的历史知识面很广。） 例句：The book is popular among a wide range of readers.（这本书受广大读者欢迎。） （2）副词用法 用法 1：wide 表 “充分张开”，常搭配 open 例句：She opened her eyes wide in surprise.（她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。） 用法 2：widely 表 “广泛地；普遍地”（修饰动词） 例句：English is widely used in the world.（英语在世界上被广泛使用。） 3. 易混辨析 wide（副词） 空间上 “充分张开” Open your mouth wide.（张大嘴巴。） widely（副词）范围上 “广泛地” He is widely respected.（他广受尊敬。） broad（形容词）与 wide 近义，侧重 “幅面宽 / 泛指宽度”（如 broad river/shoulders） She has broad shoulders.（她肩膀宽。） 关键记忆：空间张开用 wide，范围广泛用 widely。 4. 固定短语（必背） wide awake（完全醒着的）→ 例：I was wide awake at midnight.（我半夜完全醒着。） wide range of（各种各样的）→ 例：The shop sells a wide range of toys.（这家店卖各种各样的玩具。） far and wide（到处；广泛地）→ 例：His fame spread far and wide.（他的名声传遍四方。） 3. recent （1）形容词用法（修饰名词） 搭配：recent + 名词（事件 / 新闻 / 照片 / 经历等） I have a recent photo of our class trip to Suzhou.（我有一张我们班去苏州旅行的近照。） Our teacher talked about some recent news in class today.（今天老师在课上讲了一些近期新闻。） She told me about her recent experience of learning to cook.（她跟我讲了她最近学做饭的经历。） （2）副词用法（recently） 搭配：修饰整个句子 / 动词，可放句首、句中或句尾 Recently, I have improved my English a lot.（最近，我的英语进步了很多。） He recently joined the school football club.（他最近加入了学校足球俱乐部。） Have you seen her recently?（你最近见过她吗？） 3. 易混辨析与用法拓展 同义替换： recent = latest（最新的，侧重 “最新发生的”） → 例句：the recent news = the latest news（最新消息） recently = lately（最近，口语中常用） → 例句：I haven’t seen him lately.（我最近没见过他。） 4. hopeful （1）形容词用法 含义 1：人作主语 → 抱有希望的；满怀期待的 固定搭配：be hopeful about sth. /be hopeful that 从句 例句：I am hopeful about my English test next week.（我对下周的英语考试抱有希望。） 例句：She is hopeful that she can win the singing competition.（她希望能赢得歌唱比赛。） 含义 2：事物作主语 → 有希望的；前景好的 例句：This is a hopeful sign for our team.（这对我们队来说是个好兆头。） 例句：The future of the project looks hopeful.（这个项目的前景看起来很光明。） （2）副词用法（hopefully） 搭配：修饰整个句子或动词，表 “满怀希望地” 例句：Hopefully, we can finish the task on time.（希望我们能按时完成任务。） 例句：She looked at the teacher hopefully, waiting for the good news.（她满怀希望地看着老师，等待好消息。） 3. 易混辨析 hopeful（adj.）主语是人/事物，表 “抱有希望的 / 有希望的” He is hopeful about the result. hopeless（adj.）反义词，表 “无望的；绝望的” The situation seems hopeless.（情况看起来毫无希望。） hopefully（adv.）表 “希望如此；满怀希望地” Hopefully, it will not rain tomorrow.（希望明天不下雨。） 5. tourism （1）基础搭配（修饰 / 限定 tourism） 搭配：形容词 / 名词 + tourism；tourism + 名词 Suzhou’s tourism has developed rapidly in recent years.（苏州的旅游业近年来发展迅速。） The city is working hard to promote eco-tourism（生态旅游）.（这座城市正努力推广生态旅游。） International tourism helps people from different countries understand each other. （2）常用动词搭配 develop tourism（发展旅游业） → 例句：Many small towns develop tourism to improve people’s lives.（许多小镇发展旅游业来改善民生。） promote tourism（推广旅游业） → 例句：Local TV stations often make ads to promote tourism.（地方电视台常制作广告推广旅游业。） depend on tourism（依赖旅游业） → 例句：Some coastal cities depend on tourism for their economy.（一些沿海城市的经济依赖旅游业。） （3）同源词联动 tourism名词（不可数）旅游业（产业）Tourism is important to this city.（旅游业对这座城市很重要。） tour 名词 / 动词 旅行；游览（具体行程）We had a two-day tour of Suzhou Gardens. tourist名词（可数）游客；旅行者Thousands of tourists visit Suzhou every year. 6. opinion （1）基础搭配 in one’s opinion（在某人看来，固定短语，句首 / 句中均可） → 例句：In my opinion, reading is the best way to improve English.（在我看来，阅读是提高英语的最佳方式。） give/express an opinion on sth.（就某事发表意见） → 例句：Our teacher asked us to give an opinion on the new school rule.（老师让我们就新校规发表意见。）→ 例句：He expressed his opinion on the plan clearly.（他清晰地就这个计划表达了自己的看法。） have a different opinion（有不同看法）→ 例句：They have different opinions about where to go for the trip. （2）其他常用搭配 a personal opinion（个人观点） → 例句：This is just my personal opinion—you can choose what you like. ask for sb.’s opinion（征求某人的意见） → 例句：I asked for my parents’ opinion before deciding to join the club. （3）易混辨析 opinion侧重 “个人主观的看法、意见”，可对任何事发表 In my opinion, math is interesting. idea 侧重 “主意、想法”，多指解决问题的具体方案 I have an idea—we can have a picnic in the park. view 与opinion 近义，更正式，侧重 “对事物的见解” His view on education is very helpful. 7. common （1）形容词用法 含义 1：常见的；普遍的（描述事物频繁出现） 搭配：common + 名词（疾病、错误、现象等） 例句：The common cold is easy to catch in winter.（普通感冒在冬天很容易患上。） 例句：Spelling mistakes are common among students.（拼写错误在学生中很常见。） 副词变形 commonly 用法： → English is commonly used around the world.（英语在全球被广泛使用。） 含义 2：共同的；共有的（描述多人 / 事物共有的特征） 固定搭配：have sth. in common（有共同之处） 例句：My friend and I have a lot in common—we both like reading. 例句：We share a common dream of traveling around the world.（我们有一个环游世界的共同梦想。） （2）易混辨析（教学重点） common 侧重 “常见的、普遍的” 或 “共同的”It is common to see birds in the park.（公园里看到鸟很常见。） ordinary 侧重 “普通的、平凡的”，无特殊之处He is just an ordinary student.（他只是一个普通的学生。） usual侧重 “习惯性的、往常的”，符合常规I got up at my usual time today.（我今天和往常一样的时间起床。） 4. 固定短语（必背，中考高频） have nothing in common（毫无共同之处） → 例句：My brother and I have nothing in common—he likes sports and I like art.（我和弟弟毫无共同之处，他喜欢运动，我喜欢艺术。） common sense（常识） → 例句：It’s common sense to wear a mask when you have a cold.（感冒时戴口罩是常识。） 星号*单词 1. muddy （1）形容词用法 含义 1：泥泞的；沾满泥的（描述道路、地面、衣物等） 搭配：muddy + 名词（road, ground, shoes 等） 例句：The road was muddy after the heavy rain.（大雨过后，道路变得泥泞不堪。） 例句：Don’t step on the grass—it’s wet and muddy.（别踩草坪，又湿又泥泞。） 例句：Her shoes were muddy because she walked in the field.（她在田地里走，鞋子沾满了泥。） 含义 2：模糊的；不清晰的（描述声音、观点、记忆等抽象事物） 例句：The speaker’s voice was muddy, so we couldn’t hear him clearly.（演讲者的声音很模糊，我们听不清他说的话。） 例句：His opinion on the plan is still muddy—we don’t know what he really thinks.（他对这个计划的看法还很模糊，我们不知道他真实的想法。） （2）易混辨析 muddy（adj.）侧重 “有泥的、泥泞的” 或 “抽象事物模糊的” The path is muddy.（小路很泥泞。） dirty（adj.）侧重 “脏的”（泛指各种污渍，不限于泥） My shirt is dirty because of the oil. vague（adj.） 侧重 “抽象事物含糊不清的”（正式用语） His explanation was vague.（他的解释很含糊。） （3）固定短语（必背） muddy the waters（混淆视听；把水搅浑） → 例：Don’t muddy the waters—tell us the truth directly.（别混淆视听，直接告诉我们真相。） 2. theme （1）含义 1：主题；主旨（用于文学、艺术、作品等） 搭配：the theme of + 名词（文章 / 电影 / 故事等） 例句：The theme of this story is love and friendship.（这个故事的主题是爱与友谊。） 例句：Our teacher asked us to write an essay on the theme of environmental protection.（老师让我们写一篇以环保为主题的作文。） 例句：What is the main theme of the movie you watched yesterday?（你昨天看的那部电影主旨是什么？） （2）含义 2：主题（用于活动、节日、派对等） 搭配：theme + 名词（party/activity/festival 等）；the theme of the activity 例句：Our school’s English corner will have a theme of “Travel Around the World” this week.（本周我们学校英语角的主题是 “环游世界”。） 例句：She dressed up as a princess for the theme party.（她为主题派对打扮成了公主的样子。） 例句：The theme of the summer camp is “Learn by Doing”.（这次夏令营的主题是 “实践学习”。） 2. 易混辨析 theme 侧重 “文章 / 活动的核心主旨或主题”，贯穿全文 / 全程 The theme of the book is courage.（这本书的主题是勇气。） topic 侧重 “讨论、谈话的具体话题”，范围更小 Our topic for today’s discussion is online shopping.（我们今天讨论的话题是网购。） subject 侧重 “学科、课程” 或 “讨论对象”，含义更广 My favorite subject is English.（我最喜欢的学科是英语。） 写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型简单地介绍家乡发生的变化甚至是时代的变迁。介绍的内容主要为家乡过去的情况、现在的变化、感想和打算等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 能用一般过去时描述家乡过去的情况； 2. 能用一般现在时和现在完成时描述现在的变化； 3. 能利用多种句式，丰富写作内容； 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1. Many changes have taken place in … these years.这些年来，在……发生了很多变化。 2. In recent years, great changes have taken place in …. 在最近的几年中，在……发生了很大变化。 ※ 中间句 1. Ten years ago it was a very poor place.十年前，它是一个贫穷的地方。 2. For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures.例如，自从政府采取了一些有效措施，环境发展地更好了。 3. … has developed rapidly since then.自从那时起，……飞速发展。 4. But now after the open-gate policy, our hometown is becoming richer and richer.但是现在，开放政策以后，我们的家乡变得越来越富有。 5. Many new things like computers, new schools and new buildings are becoming more and more common.许多像电脑、新的学校和新的建筑变得越来越普遍。 6. Almost all the people have owned mobiles or even private cars.几乎所有人都有了手机甚至私家车。 ※ 结尾句 1. I’m proud of our … and I hope I’ll be the pride of our … in the future.我为我们的……而自豪，并且希望未来为我们的……而自豪。 2. As a …, I am very proud. Also I feel excited for the strength of ….做为一名……，我很自豪。我也为……的强大而振奋。 3. I feel very proud and excited to see the changes in my hometown. Welcome to my hometown and experience its changes on your own!看到我的家乡的变化我感到很自豪而且振奋。欢迎来到我的故乡并亲自体验它的变化。 经典题型01 完型填空 In the latest report of 2021 Global Cities Index（全球城市指数）, Shenzhen ranked（排序）72, rising three places compared to last year. When it comes to Shenzhen, young, modern, exciting—all these 1 to be the right words for it. Many years ago, Shenzhen was just a small fishing village. In 1980, it became China’s first special economic zone（经济区）. With its rapid development（迅速的发展）, Shenzhen has become one of China’s 2 cities. On Dec. 29, 1985, Shenzhen 3 building the International Trade Center. It became China’s tallest building at that time. The world was surprised at how 4 people built it. It took only three days to build one new floor. After that, the city is famous for its high efficiency（效率）, and it is called “Shenzhen speed”. It develops（发展）quickly, so people from all over China come to Shenzhen to make their dreams 5 . According to China Daily, about 65 percent of people in Shenzhen 6 in other places. But no one feels like an outsider. As the famous saying goes, “You 7 a Shenzhener if you come to Shenzhen.” A student called Zeng Jingxian says, “Shenzhen is a very 8 city for hard-working people. People in Shenzhen get along well（相处融洽）with each other. 9 you work hard, you will make a good living here easily as Shenzhen is a great city with lots of chances（机会）of getting a job. In Shenzhen, many people started from 10 . But through their hard work, they live a good life now.” 1．A．seem B．help C．want D．decide 2．A．big B．bigger C．the biggest D．biggest 3．A．remembered B．enjoyed C．finished D．agreed 4．A．beautifully B．cheaply C．carefully D．quickly 5．A．come true B．come out C．come about D．come back 6．A．grow up B．grows up C．come from D．look for 7．A．become B．became C．are becoming D．will become 8．A．friendly B．clever C．strange D．normal 9．A．As soon as B．As long as C．As far as D．As quickly as 10．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 经典题型02 短文填空 Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile? Let me tell you something about it. Operation Smile is an ___1___(nation) children’s medical charity, ___2___(work) with a team of medical volunteers who provide safe and effective operations for children b___3___ with facial deformities(畸形). It was___4___(start) by a doctor and his wife. In 1982, together with some volunteers, they went to Philippines. They wanted to help those children with cleft lip and cleft palate(唇腭裂). It was very difficult for them to eat and drink. These volunteers worked very hard. But they worried that they could not carry on with the work because they were short of money. Then they decided to start a charity so that they could help the children in need. They called it Operation Smile. Operation Smile mobilizes(动员) a world of generous hearts to heal children’s smiles and to make a chance across the globe. The charity works in more than twenty___5___(develop) countries and ___6___(help) over 10,000 children who have problems with their mouths. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999 they even started a special event called “The World Journey of Hope”. 5,000 children in 18 countries are cured b___7___ of the event. On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they are a___8___ to help children when Operation Smile has left. As to the children with much more serious problems, they will send them to America for ___9___(far) treatment. There are a lot of children who need your help. We hope that more people ___10___(join) us to help them. Please show your kindness and generosity to the needy children now. You can send your donation to Operation Smile at local banks. Because of you, many children can get the precious gift of smile. 一、阅读理解 A team of students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands has designed and built a solar-powered car, which is completely powered by the sun. Over the last year, thirty students between the ages of 21 and 25 took a year off from the university to work on developing the car used for travel off the public road. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging (充电) station. Like most electric cars, Stella Terra stores energy in a battery (电池). Thanks to its powerful solar panels (控制板) and its battery, when it’s sunny, the car can run for 440 miles (710 kilometers) a day. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph (145 kph). The car weighs just 2,600 pounds (1,200 kilograms). That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a system to help the car deal with the hits and heavy shaking that come when driving over rough (凹凸不平的) surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across loose desert sand and up steep mountain trails. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that Stella Terra will help give car companies good ideas to work on similar projects. 1．How old are the students that have designed and built a solar-powered car? A．21 years old. B．Between 21 and 25 years old. C．25 years old. D．Between 25 and 30 years old. 2．What does the underlined word “solar-powered” in Paragraph l mean? A．电能的 B．太阳能的 C．汽油的 D．新能源的 3．What do the underline phrases “its biggest test” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A 440-mile-a-day test drive. B．A 620-mile test drive across Morocco. C．A speed test drive off the public road. D．A power test drive across Morocco. 4．Why won’t the team be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas? A．Because they hope Stella Terra will help car companies to work well on similar projects. B．Because they hope car companies will ask them to work on the similar projects. C．Because they are very proud of Stella Terra, which was designed by themselves. D．Because the car has succeeded in the biggest test drive across Morocco. 5．In what part of the newspaper can we see this passage? A．Science and technology. B．Nature and geography. C．Society and culture. D．Sports and health. 二、书面表达 请你根据下面的提示，结合你的成长经历，以“Changes to my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。 过去 现在 将来 至少列举两例说明过去的情况。 环境优美： 空气新鲜；碧水蓝天：污染减少 你对家乡未来的畅想（至少一句）。 交通便利： 各种交通方式：地铁已经be in use（投入使用） __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 经典题型 完型填空【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了在全球城市指数报告中排名第72的城市——深圳，包括其发展历程、发展特点等。 1．句意：说到深圳，年轻、现代、激动人心——所有这些似乎都是恰当的形容词。 seem似乎；help帮助；want想要；decide决定。根据空前的“young, modern, exciting”，并结合常识可知，此处指用“年轻”、“现代”、“激动人心”这些词来形容深圳都很恰当，seem符合语境。故选A。 2．句意：随着其快速发展，深圳已成为中国最大的城市之一。 big大的；bigger更大；the biggest最大；biggest最大。one of后加形容词最高级，空前有名词所有格形式，不需要the。故选D。 3．句意：1985年12月29日，深圳建成国际贸易中心。 remembered记住；enjoyed享受；finished完成；agreed同意。根据空后“It became China’s tallest building at that time.”可推知此处指深圳的国际贸易中心在这一天建成。故选C。 4．句意：世界惊讶于人们建造它的速度之快。 beautifully漂亮地；cheaply便宜地；carefully小心地；quickly迅速地。根据空后“It took only three days to build one new floor.”可知建造速度很快，quickly最符合语境。故选D。 5．句意：它发展迅速，所以来自中国各地的人们来到深圳实现他们的梦想。 come true实现；come out出来；come about产生；come back回来。根据“It develops（发展）quickly”和“make their dreams”可知此处指全国各地的人们都来深圳实现他们的梦想。come true最符合语境。故选A。 6．句意：据《中国日报》报道，约65%的深圳人在外地长大。 grow up长大；grows up动词三单形式；come from来自；look for寻找。根据“But no one feels like an outsider.”可知很多人在外地长大，主语是people，动词用原形，故选A。 7．句意：俗话说：“来深圳就是深圳人。” become动词原形；became动词过去式；are becoming现在进行时；will become一般将来时。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，主句用一般将来时，故选D。 8．句意：深圳是一个对勤劳的人非常友好的城市。 friendly友好的；clever聪明的；strange奇怪的；normal正常的。根据后面两句“People in Shenzhen get along well（相处融洽）with each other...you work hard, you will make a good living here…”可推知，深圳对于勤劳奋斗的人来说应该是一个友好的城市。故选A。 9．句意：只要你努力工作，你会很容易在这里过上好日子，因为深圳是一个伟大的城市，有很多机会找到工作。 As soon as一……就……；As long as只要；As far as就……而言；As quickly as和……一样快。根据“you work hard, you will make a good living here easily”可知前句是后句的条件，应用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选B。 10． 句意：在深圳，许多人都是白手起家的。 something某事；anything任何事情；nothing什么都没有；everything每件事。根据空后“But through their hard work, they live a good life now.”可知他们通过努力现在过上了美好的生活。but表示转折关系，由此可推知，很多人刚开始应该是一无所有。故选C。 短文填空【答案】 1.international 2.working 3.born 4.was started 5.developing 6.have helped 7.because 8.able 9.further 10.will join 课后练习 一、1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了荷兰埃因霍温理工大学的学生团队设计并制造了一款名为Stella Terra的太阳能汽车，可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶。 1．细节理解题。根据“Over the last year, thirty students between the ages of 21 and 25 took a year off from the university to work on developing the car used for travel off the public road.”可知，设计并制造由太阳能驱动的汽车的学生，年龄在21岁到25岁之间。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“which is completely powered by the sun.”可知，该汽车由太阳为其提供动力，即该汽车是太阳能汽车，因此“solar-powered”表示“太阳能的”。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco.”可知，该团队最近对该车进行了一次最大的测试——在摩洛哥进行了一次具有挑战性的620英里（1000公里）的试驾。即“its biggest test”指的是“穿越摩洛哥的620英里试驾”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In fact, they hope that Stella Terra will help give car companies good ideas to work on similar projects.”可知，他们希望Stella Terra能够帮助汽车公司在类似的项目上提供好的想法。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文介绍了荷兰埃因霍温理工大学的学生团队设计并制造了一款名为Stella Terra的太阳能汽车，可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶。由此推知本文可能会出现在报纸的“科技”板块。故选A。 2、 One possible version 【思路解读】 ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时和一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。 【写作步骤】 第一步，根据提示材料介绍家乡的变化； 第二步，表达自己对家乡未来的畅想。 【满分作文】 Changes to my hometown My hometown has changed a lot over the years. In the past, there used to be old houses. The river was very dirty. We could hardly see the blue sky. But now, there are many tall buildings in my hometown. The air is fresh, the river is clean and the water is clear. There is less pollution than before. When I was young, the roads were narrow and the transportation conditions were hard. People went to work on foot or by bike. It took a lot of time. As time goes by, those have changed, too. The subway has been in use for many years. It is convenient for people to go somewhere. I am glad to see these changes. I hope my hometown will be better and better. 【亮点词汇】 ①used to do sth过去常常做某事 ②be in use投入使用 ③be glad to do sth高兴做某事 【高分句型】 ①But now, there are many tall buildings in my hometown.（there be句型） ②When I was young, the roads were narrow and the transportation conditions were hard. （when引导时间状语从句） 家乡的变化 开门见山：过去的情况 方面一：如交通等 方面二：如环境等 现在的变化 与过去的几方面分别或综合对比 方面三：如教育等 感想和打算等 6 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $