Unit5 Water is life测验B卷-2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

沪教版七年级下册第5单元Water is life测验B卷（含答案） 沪教版七年级下册第5单元Water is life测验B卷 学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________ 第一部分 语法选择（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Fight Against Plastic Pollution In recent years, plastic pollution has become a global crisis. According to scientists, over 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans annually, 1 marine life and ecosystems. To address this issue, many countries 2 new policies. For example, China 3 a nationwide ban on thin plastic bags since 2021. Plastic waste 4 not only in oceans but also in remote areas. A research team 5 by Professor Li from Fudan University found microplastics in the Himalayas. “These tiny particles 6 by animals and eventually enter the human food chain,” he warned. Individuals can also make a difference. 7 reusable bags instead of plastic ones is a simple step. Students at Guangzhou No.1 Middle School 8 a “No Plastic Lunch” campaign, reducing waste by 40%. “We 9 to organize more activities to raise awareness,” said student leader Zhang Wei. However, 10 complete solution requires global cooperation. The UN Environment Programme 11 a resolution last year calling for a legally binding treaty. “This is a historic moment,” said its director. “We 12 no time to lose.” Experts believe 13 education is key. Schools 14 to integrate environmental science into their curricula. “By teaching students about sustainability, we 15 a generation of eco-conscious citizens,”concluded Professor Li. 1. A. harmed B. harms C. harming D. to harm 2. A. adopt B. adopted C. have adopted D. will adopt 3. A. implements B. implemented C. has implemented D. will implement 4. A. finds B. found C. is found D. was found 5. A. lead B. led C. leading D. to lead 6. A. are ingested B. ingested C. ingest D. were ingested 7. A. Use B. Used C. Using D. To using 8. A. launch B. launched C. have launched D. will launch 9. A. plan B. planned C. have planned D. will plan 10.A. a B. an C. the D. / 11.A. passes B. passed C. has passed D. will pass 12.A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 13.A. which B. that C. what D. where 14.A. should encourage B. should be encouraged C. encouraged D. were encouraged 15.A. raise B. raised C. have raised D. will raise 第二部分 完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Trash Collector Who Changed a City Wang Damin, 58, never imagined he would become a local hero. For years, he worked as a trash collector in Shanghai’s Pudong district. His job was to 16 garbage from the streets every morning. But one day, he noticed something unusual. “Many people threw away perfectly good items,” Wang recalled. “Broken chairs, old clothes, even toys. I thought, ‘This can’t be right.’” 17 that day, he started collecting reusable items instead of sending them to landfills. Wang’s neighbors soon noticed his efforts. Some 18 him, calling him “the garbage man with a heart.” Others began donating their unwanted items to him. “It’s not about the money,” Wang said. “It’s about 19 waste.” With the help of volunteers, Wang opened a small workshop. There, they repaired and repurposed the items. A broken table became a bookshelf; a torn curtain was turned into a tote bag. “We even made a 20 out of old bicycle parts,” he laughed. The workshop quickly gained popularity. Schools and community centers began 21 Wang to give talks on recycling. “He’s an inspiration,”said Li Hua, a middle school teacher. “His story teaches students that 22 action can make a big difference.” Wang’s efforts have also 23 local policymakers. Last year, the government awarded him a grant to expand his workshop. “We want to 24 Wang’s model across the city,” said a city official. Today, Wang’s workshop employs 20 people. They’ve recycled over 50 tons of waste and saved thousands of items from landfills. “I’m just doing what I can,” Wang said modestly. “But if everyone does a little, we can 25 a lot.” 16.A. collect B. sell C. burn D. bury 17.A. Since B. For C. In D. At 18.A. praised B. laughed at C. helped D. supported 19.A. increasing B. reducing C. producing D. managing 20.A. sculpture B. machine C. vehicle D. structure 21.A. inviting B. forcing C. ordering D. requiring 22.A. big B. small C. quick D. slow 23.A. annoyed B. confused C. influenced D. disappointed 24.A. test B. copy C. improve D. replace 25.A. achieve B. lose C. waste D. destroy 第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） The Importance of Water in Our Lives Water is often called the “elixir of life,” and for good reason. Without it, no living thing on Earth could survive. About 70% of the human body is water, and every cell, tissue, and organ relies on it to function properly. But water’s importance extends far beyond our bodies—it plays a crucial role in shaping our planet and society. In nature, water is the ultimate recycler. The water cycle—evaporation, condensation, precipitation—ensures that water is constantly reused. This cycle supports ecosystems, from lush rainforests to arid deserts. Rivers and lakes provide habitats for millions of species, while oceans regulate the global climate by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide. For human societies, water is equally vital. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Mesopotamians flourished along riverbanks, relying on water for agriculture, transportation, and trade. Today, cities near water sources continue to thrive. Water is essential for industry, energy production, and food growth—about 70% of global freshwater is used for agriculture. However, water scarcity is becoming a critical issue. Despite covering 71% of the Earth’s surface, only 2.5% is fresh water, and much of that is inaccessible. Pollution, climate change, and overuse are straining water resources. In many regions, people struggle to access clean drinking water, leading to health problems and economic decline. Thankfully, solutions exist. Conserving water at home—like fixing leaks and taking shorter showers—can make a big difference. Communities are also adopting innovative technologies, such as wastewater recycling and drip irrigation, to use water more efficiently. Governments and organizations are working together to protect water sources and promote sustainable management. As the famous saying goes, “When the well is dry, we learn the worth of water.” Let’s appreciate this precious resource and ensure it flows sustainably for future generations. 26.What percentage of the human body is water? A. 50% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80% 27.Why did ancient civilizations develop along rivers? A. For transportation and trade B. To avoid flooding C. For religious purposes D. To build dams 28.What is the main cause of water scarcity mentioned in the passage? A. Natural disasters B. Pollution and overuse C. Lack of rainfall D. Poor water recycling 29.What does the example of drip irrigation show? A. The importance of ocean conservation B. A technology to purify water C. An efficient way to use water in agriculture D. A method to reduce industrial water waste Saving Water: Simple Tips for a Big Impact Water is life, but it’s not endless. With growing populations and climate change, saving water has never been more important. Here are some practical ways to reduce your water footprint at home and beyond. In the Bathroom A dripping faucet can waste up to 3,000 liters of water a year—enough to fill a bathtub! Fix leaks promptly and install low-flow showerheads, which can cut water use by 50% without sacrificing pressure. Taking short showers instead of baths saves even more: a bath uses 80–150 liters, while a 5-minute shower uses just 60 liters. In the Kitchen When washing dishes, don’t let the tap run. Use a basin for rinsing or invest in a water-efficient dishwasher. Collect leftover cooking water to water plants—they’ll love the nutrients! And always check for leaks under sinks; a small drip can waste hundreds of liters annually. In the Garden Water plants early in the morning or late in the evening to reduce evaporation. Mulch around plants to retain moisture and prevent weeds. Consider a rain barrel to collect rooftop runoff—perfect for watering flowers and vegetables. Native plants are also a smart choice; they require less water and thrive in local climates. At School and Work Report leaking taps or running toilets to the caretaker. In the lunchroom, use reusable containers instead of disposable plates that need washing. Teachers can incorporate water-saving lessons into classes, inspiring students to become advocates for sustainability. Beyond Your Home Support policies that protect water sources, such as wetlands and forests, which act as natural filters. Reduce pollution by using eco-friendly cleaning products—what goes down the drain can end up in rivers and oceans. Spread the word: every person who saves water inspires others to do the same. Remember, every drop counts. By making small changes, we can protect this vital resource and ensure a water-secure future for all. 30.How much water can a dripping faucet waste annually? A. 1,000 liters B. 2,000 liters C. 3,000 liters D. 4,000 liters 31.What is the advantage of low-flow showerheads? A. They make water pressure stronger B. They reduce water use by half C. They are cheaper than regular showerheads D. They heat water faster 32.Why should we water plants in the morning or evening? A. To avoid disturbing wildlife B. To prevent evaporation C. To let the sun dry the leaves D. To follow a strict schedule 33.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the water cycle B. To warn about water pollution C. To promote water-saving habits D. To discuss global water scarcity The History of Water Management: From Ancient Rome to Today Throughout history, humans have developed ingenious ways to manage water. One of the earliest examples is the Roman aqueducts, built over 2,000 years ago. These massive structures transported fresh water from mountains to cities, supporting millions of residents. The Romans also created public baths and sewage systems, demonstrating their advanced understanding of water’s role in hygiene and society. In medieval times, Persian engineers built qanats—underground channels that brought water from hills to farms in arid regions. These structures, some still in use today, allowed civilizations to thrive in harsh environments by tapping into groundwater. The Industrial Revolution saw a surge in urbanization, leading to new challenges in water supply. London’s Great Stink of 1848, caused by polluted drinking water, prompted the construction of modern sewage systems. In the 20th century, dams like the Hoover Dam provided hydroelectric power and irrigation for agriculture, transforming deserts into fertile lands. Today, technology continues to revolutionize water management. Smart meters track household usage in real time, helping families identify waste. Desalination plants convert seawater into drinking water, addressing shortages in coastal areas. However, these solutions must be paired with conservation—even the best technology can’t replace responsible water use. Looking ahead, the United Nations has named access to clean water a basic human right. As climate change threatens water availability, learning from history and embracing innovation will be key to overcoming future challenges. The story of water management is a testament to human creativity—and our responsibility to protect this precious resource. 34.What was the function of Roman aqueducts? A. To generate electricity B. To transport water to cities C. To store rainwater D. To treat sewage 35.What problem led to London’s Great Stink? A. Lack of drinking water B. Industrial pollution C. Polluted water supply D. Overuse of groundwater 36.How do smart meters help with water management? A. They purify water B. They track water usage in real time C. They desalinate seawater D. They repair leaking pipes 37.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of ancient water systems B. Modern technology in water treatment C. The history and innovation of water management D. The United Nations’ role in water conservation The Hidden Water Footprint: Why Every Drop Matters You know you need water to drink and bathe, but did you know it takes water to make almost everything we use? This “water footprint” measures the total water used to produce goods and services. For example, a single cup of coffee requires 140 liters of water—most of it used to grow coffee beans. A cotton T-shirt takes 2,700 liters, equivalent to what one person drinks in two and a half years! Agriculture is the biggest water user, accounting for 70% of global freshwater withdrawals. Growing crops and raising livestock demands vast amounts of water. Rice, for instance, needs flooded fields, while beef cattle require water for drinking, feed, and processing. Reducing meat consumption can significantly shrink your water footprint—producing 1 kg of beef uses 15,000 liters, compared to 1 kg of wheat at 1,500 liters. Industry also has a large footprint. Manufacturing a smartphone consumes 340 liters of water, from mining components to cleaning microchips. Even paper and electronics have hidden water costs. Choosing products made from recycled materials or buying less overall can help cut these impacts. Individual choices matter, but systemic change is crucial. Governments must regulate water use in agriculture and industry, while companies can adopt water-efficient technologies. As consumers, we can vote with our wallets by supporting brands that prioritize sustainability. Water is a finite resource. By understanding the hidden water in our daily lives, we can make choices that protect this vital resource for future generations. 38.What is a “water footprint”? A. The amount of water used to produce something B. The footprint left by water on the ground C. A type of water pollution D. A technology to save water 39.How much water does a cotton T-shirt require? A. 140 liters B. 1,500 liters C. 2,700 liters D. 15,000 liters 40.Why does beef production use more water than wheat? A. Cattle drink more water B. Feed crops for cattle require more water C. Beef processing is water-intensive D. All of the above 第四部分 阅读填空（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Start a Recycling Club at School Starting a recycling club can be a fun and impactful way to promote sustainability. Here’s how to get started. Form a team Recruit enthusiastic students who share your passion for the environment. Assign roles like president, vice president, and event coordinator. 41 A diverse team ensures different perspectives and skills, so building a strong core group is key. Set goals Decide what you want to achieve. Do you want to reduce school waste by 50%? Or organize a recycling drive? 42 Clear goals will keep your club focused and motivated. Educate the school Host workshops or presentations to teach others about recycling. Create posters explaining what can and cannot be recycled. 43 Additionally, you could partner with teachers to integrate recycling into lessons. Implement recycling programs Work with the school administration to place recycling bins in classrooms and common areas. 44 You might also consider starting a composting program for food waste. Organize events Hold a “zero-waste week” where students bring reusable containers. Host a clothing swap or an upcycling workshop. 45 Such events can raise awareness, build community, and even support your club financially. By following these steps, your recycling club can make a real difference. Remember, every small action counts! 选项： A. Make sure every bin is clearly labeled to avoid contamination. B. Choose a catchy name to attract more members. C. These activities can also serve as effective fundraisers. D. Train all team members on proper sorting techniques. E. Your goals should be specific, measurable, and achievable. F. Encourage teachers to use digital materials instead of paper. G. Therefore, a dedicated team is crucial for the club's success. 第五部分 语篇填空（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Power of Plant-Based Diets Adopting a plant-based diet can significantly reduce your carbon footprint. According to a study, 46 (eat) less meat can cut an individual's environmental impact by up to 73%. Livestock farming is a major source of greenhouse gases. Cows produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, during digestion. Additionally, large areas of land 47 (clear) to grow crops for animal feed. Plant-based diets require far fewer resources. For example, producing 1 kilogram of beef uses 15,000 liters of water, while 1 kilogram of wheat uses only 1,500 liters. 48 (reduce) meat consumption can also help preserve biodiversity. Many celebrities and organizations are promoting plant-based eating. The UN Environment Programme has called for a global shift to 49 (sustain) diets. “This is not about giving up meat,” said its spokesperson. “It’s about 50 (balance) our consumption.” 第六部分 完成句子（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分） 根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。 51.我们应该减少使用一次性筷子。 We should ______ ______ ______ disposable chopsticks. 52.这个项目旨在提高人们的环保意识。 This project aims to ______ people’s ______ ______ environmental protection. 53.回收利用纸张和塑料是很重要的。 It's important to ______ ______ and ______. 54.政府已经采取措施减少空气污染。 The government has to reduce air pollution. 55.我们可以通过种树来改善环境。 We can improve the environment . 第七部分 书面表达（共 15 分） 假设你是李华，你校将举办 “环保小卫士” 评选活动。请你根据以下提示，写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们参与环保行动。 1.活动目的：提高环保意识，鼓励绿色生活。 2.具体行动：减少塑料使用、垃圾分类、节约资源。 3.发出号召：从身边小事做起，共建美好家园。 要求： 词数 80 左右； 可适当发挥，使文章连贯； 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear classmates, Environmental protection is everyone’s responsibility. Let’s join the “Eco-Champion” campaign and make a difference! Sincerely, Li Hua 参考答案 第一部分 语法选择 1-5 CCCCB 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 BABBD 第二部分 完形填空 16-20 AAABA 21-25 ABCBA 答案与解析 A 篇（26-29 题） 26. C（细节题，第一段第二句） 27. A（推理题，第二段提到古代文明依赖河流农业、运输和贸易） 28. B（细节题，第四段 “Pollution, climate change, and overuse are straining water resources”） 29. C（推理题，第五段 “drip irrigation to use water more efficiently”） B 篇（30-33 题） 30. C（细节题，第二段第一句） 31. B（细节题，第二段 “cut water use by 50%”） 32. B（细节题，第四段 “reduce evaporation”） 33. C（主旨题，全文围绕节水方法展开） C 篇（34-37 题） 34. B（细节题，第二段 “transported fresh water from mountains to cities”） 35. C（细节题，第四段 “caused by polluted drinking water”） 36. B（细节题，第五段 “track household usage in real time”） 37. C（主旨题，全文梳理水管理的历史与创新） D 篇（38-40 题） 38. A（定义题，第二段 “measures the total water used to produce goods”） 39. C（细节题，第二段 “cotton T-shirt takes 2,700 liters”） 40. D（推理题，第三段提到牲畜饮水、饲料种植、加工均耗水） 第四部分 阅读填空 41-45 GEFAC 第五部分 语篇填空 46. eating 47. are cleared 48. Reducing 49. sustainable 50. balancing 第六部分 完成句子 51. cut down on 52. raise; awareness of 53. recycle paper; plastic 54. taken measures 55. by planting trees 第7部分 书面表达 Dear classmates, Environmental protection is everyone’s responsibility. Let’s join the “Eco-Champion” campaign and make a difference! First, say no to plastic bags and single-use products; second, sort waste into recyclable, harmful, and other categories; third, save water and electricity by turning off taps and lights when not in use. Every small step counts! Let’s start from today and work together to build a beautiful home. Sincerely, Li Hua 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $