新版人教版八年级下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元培优卷（含解析+听力）

人教版八年级下册 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元培优卷答案及解析 （考试时间：80 分钟 满分：120 分） 一、听力原文 Ⅰ. 短对话理解（听下面10段短对话，回答1-10小题，每段对话读一遍。） 1. M: The weekend is coming. Shall we go to visit Victoria Falls? W: That’s a great idea! I’ve always wanted to see that amazing natural wonder. 2. M: I think Niagara Falls is the most beautiful waterfall in the world. W: It’s beautiful, but Angel Falls is much higher than it. It’s the highest one on Earth. 3. W: Why is the Dead Sea so salty that no fish can live in it? M: Because of the hot desert climate. The water evaporates quickly, leaving lots of salt behind. 4. W: Have you ever seen a real coral reef? M: Yes! I saw a colorful one while diving in the sea last summer. It was wonderful. 5. W: Do you know how deep the Mariana Trench is? M: Sure. It’s approximately 11,000 meters deep—no one can reach the bottom easily. 6. M: What’s your plan for next year? Will you visit the Sahara Desert? W: No, I want to climb Qomolangma with my father. It’s my biggest dream. 7. M: I read a report about the Great Barrier Reef yesterday. W: Me too. Many corals are turning white because of coral bleaching. I’m really worried about it. 8. W: Which natural wonder is in Africa? Is it the Dead Sea? M: No. The Dead Sea is in Asia. The Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world, is in Africa. 9. W: Who measured the height of Qomolangma in 2020? M: It was the Chinese survey team. They measured it accurately and got the new height of 8,848.86 meters. 10. M: We’ve learned a lot about natural wonders today. W: Yes! Let’s watch a documentary about them tonight to know more. Ⅱ. 长对话理解（每段对话读两遍） 听下面一段长对话，回答11-12小题，对话读两篇。 M: Hi, Lucy. Did you hear about the “desert to oasis” project in the Sahara? W: Yes! I saw a news report about it. How large is the pilot greening area there? M: It’s 15 km². Scientists planted many drought-resistant plants there. W: But how can the plants survive in such a dry place? M: They use drip irrigation technology. It saves water and keeps the plants alive. 听下面一段长对话，回答13-15小题，对话读两篇。 M: What are you going to do this afternoon, Lily? W: I’m going to visit the “deep-sea exploration” science exhibition. M: Why do you want to go there? W: I need to finish my science report about deep-sea wonders. The exhibition will give me lots of information. M: Interesting! What can visitors do there? W: We can stay in the VR deep-sea cabin for 15 minutes to experience the deep sea. After that, we can receive a photo with a virtual shark. 二、听力答案及解析（共 20 分） 答案: Ⅰ. 短对话理解（1-10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A Ⅱ. 长对话理解（11-15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 解析: Ⅰ. 短对话理解。 1. 关键句：M: Shall we go to visit Victoria Falls? W: That’s a great idea!（两人计划去维多利亚瀑布）→ 选B； 2. 关键句：W: Angel Falls is much higher than it. It’s the highest one on Earth.（安赫尔瀑布是最高的）→ 选A； 3. 关键句：M: Because of the hot desert climate.（炎热的沙漠气候导致死海含盐量高）→ 选B； 4. 关键句：M: I saw a colorful one while diving in the sea last summer.（去年夏天潜水时看到的）→ 选C； 5. 关键句：M: It’s approximately 11,000 meters deep.（马里亚纳海沟约11000米深）→ 选B； 6. 关键句：W: I want to climb Qomolangma with my father.（女孩明年想攀登珠峰）→ 选A； 7. 关键句：W: Many corals are turning white because of coral bleaching.（珊瑚白化导致担心大堡礁）→ 选A； 8. 关键句：M: The Sahara Desert... is in Africa.（撒哈拉沙漠位于非洲）→ 选B； 9. 关键句：M: It was the Chinese survey team.（2020年中国测量队测量了珠峰高度）→ 选B； 10. 关键句：W: Let’s watch a documentary about them tonight.（两人决定看纪录片）→ 选A； Ⅱ. 长对话理解。 11. 关键句：M: It’s 15 km².（撒哈拉试点绿化区15平方公里）→ 选B； 12. 关键句：M: They use drip irrigation technology.（滴灌技术让植物存活）→ 选A； 13. 关键句：W: I need to finish my science report about deep-sea wonders.（为了完成科学报告去看展览）→ 选A； 14. 关键句：W: We can stay in the VR deep-sea cabin for 15 minutes.（VR深海舱可停留15分钟）→ 选B； 15. 关键句：W: After that, we can receive a photo with a virtual shark.（VR体验后可获得与虚拟鲨鱼的合影）→ 选C； 三、笔试答案及解析（共 100 分） Ⅰ. 完形填空（每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 答案: 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B 21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.A 解析: 核心主题：乞力马扎罗山露营经历，贴合单元“自然奇观”延伸话题，考察动词、形容词、副词的语境辨析及基础逻辑。 16. B（highest）：结合常识+上下文，乞力马扎罗山是非洲“最高的”山，而非最安静、最长、最宽，选B。 17. A（joined）：句意“我加入了一支登山队”，join 表示“加入某团队/组织”；B（离开）、C（带领）、D（训练）语义不符，选A。 18. C（unforgettable）：后文提到“每一刻都充满惊喜和挑战”，可知是“难忘的”夜晚；A（无聊的）、B（糟糕的）、D（普通的）与语境矛盾，选C。 19. D（night）：呼应前文“spent an unforgettable night there”，指“在高山上过夜”，选D。 20. B（drop）：高山气候特点是“夜晚气温急剧下降”，drop sharply 表示“急剧下降”；A（上升）、C（保持）、D（变化）不贴合语境，选B。 21. B（quickly）：结合语境，傍晚到达营地，需“快速”搭帐篷休息；A（缓慢地）、C（容易地）、D（粗心地）语义不符，选B。 22. A（thin）：高山海拔高，空气“稀薄”，对应后文“呼吸有些困难”；B（浓厚的）、C（新鲜的）、D（脏的）与语境不符，选A。 23. C（excited）：尽管呼吸困难，但对夜晚充满期待，心情是“兴奋的”；A（难过的）、B（生气的）、D（紧张的）语义不符，选C。 24. B（dark）：太阳下山后，天空逐渐“变黑”；A（红色的）、C（白色的）、D（蓝色的）与语境矛盾，选B。 25. C（brighter）：高山没有城市灯光，星星“更亮、更多”；A（更少的）、B（更小的）、D（更暗的）与语境不符，选C。 26. A（hide）：没有城市灯光“遮挡”星星，所以星星更亮；B（展示）、C（温暖）、D（冷却）语义不符，选A。 27. B（lay）：句意“我躺在地上仰望天空”，lay 是 lie（躺）的过去式；A（坐）、C（站）、D（走）与“仰望天空”的动作不符，选B。 28. A（stories）：导游给“我们”讲乞力马扎罗山的“故事”，包括历史和动物；B（笑话）、C（谎言）、D（规则）语义不符，选A。 29. C（colder）：午夜刮风，天气变得“更冷”；A（更暖和）、B（更热）、D（更湿）与语境不符，选C。 30. A（forget）：结合前文“unforgettable night”，可知这是“永远不会忘记”的经历；B（记得）、C（想念）、D（后悔）语义不符，选A。 Ⅱ. 阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 答案: A篇（31-33）：31.B 32.C 33.C B篇（34-37）：34.C 35.B 36.C 37.D C篇（38-41）：38.C 39.B 40.C 41.A D篇（42-45）：42.B 43.C 44.B 45.D 解析: A篇：核心介绍安赫尔瀑布（世界最高瀑布），考察细节捕捉+主旨归纳。 31. B：原文定位“With a height of 979 meters”（安赫尔瀑布高979米）→ 选B；A是自由落距，C是珠峰高度，D是马里亚纳海沟深度，均为干扰项。 32. C：原文定位“The waterfall was named after Jimmy Angel, an American pilot. In 1933, Angel accidentally discovered the waterfall”（美国飞行员发现了它）→ 选C；A是当地人称谓，B、D未提及。 33. C：全文围绕安赫尔瀑布的高度、发现史、参观提示展开，是“简要介绍”；A、B、D均为文章部分内容，并非主旨，选C。 B篇：核心是青少年记者的撒哈拉沙漠日记，考察细节、词义猜测+推理判断。 34. C：原文定位“In the daytime, the temperature can reach over 45℃.”（撒哈拉白天温度超过45℃）→ 选C；A是夜晚温度，B、D无依据。 35. B：结合后文“like a green diamond in the sea of sand. There was a small river, and many palm trees around it”（沙漠中的绿色区域，有河流和棕榈树），可推断oasis意为“绿洲”→ 选B。 36. C：原文定位“Scientists use drip irrigation technology to plant grass and trees”（沙漠绿化项目使用滴灌技术）→ 选C；A、B、D未提及。 37. D：原文定位“I hope more people can pay attention to the Sahara and join in the protection work”（作者希望更多人保护撒哈拉），可推断“作者认为保护撒哈拉很重要”→ 选D；A与原文“the Sahara is not just a lifeless desert”矛盾，B、C与原文“it is hard work”矛盾。 C篇：核心介绍马里亚纳海沟的深海奇观，考察细节、判断+作者态度。 38. C：原文定位“It is about 11,000 meters deep”（马里亚纳海沟约11000米深）→ 选C。 39. B：原文定位“its body has no bones, and its skin is thin and flexible. This helps it stand the high pressure”（马里亚纳狮子鱼能承受极高压力）→ 选B；A是管虫的能力，C、D未提及。 40. C：原文定位“The Chinese submarine ‘Fendouzhe’ reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench in 2020”（“奋斗者”号是中国探索马里亚纳海沟的潜艇）→ 选C；A与原文“western Pacific Ocean”矛盾，B与原文“tube worm lives near hydrothermal vents”矛盾，D与原文“it is not lifeless”矛盾。 41. A：作者描述深海“神秘、充满奇观”，认为深海是地球重要部分，体现出“好奇且尊重”的态度；B（无聊无兴趣）、C（害怕紧张）、D（怀疑担心）均不符合，选A。 D篇：核心介绍珠峰升高的科学原理，考察主旨、推理+句义理解。 42. B：原文定位“The answer lies in the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates”“the tectonic movement is still the main reason for its growth”（板块运动是珠峰升高的主要原因）→ 选B；A、C、D是次要影响因素。 43. C：原文定位“In 2020, a Chinese survey team measured Qomolangma’s height accurately”（2020年中国测量队测量了珠峰高度）→ 选C；A、B、D未提及。 44. B：后文提到“Studying its height helps us understand the movement of tectonic plates and the changes of our planet”（研究珠峰能帮助我们了解地球的变化），可知该句意为“研究珠峰能帮助我们了解地球的过去”→ 选B；A、C、D均为字面误解。 45. D：原文定位“Besides plate movement, other factors like climate change and erosion also affect its height”（珠峰高度受板块运动、气候变化、侵蚀等多种因素影响）→ 选D；A与原文“will continue to grow”矛盾，B与原文“in 1975”矛盾，C与原文“still moving northwards”矛盾。 Ⅲ. 任务型阅读（七选五，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 答案: 46.A 47.B 48.C 49.F 50.D （多余选项：E、G）​ 答案解析： 46.选A：段落核心是“自然天气多变，出发前需查看天气预报”，与选项A“出发前查看天气预报”完全匹配；段落中“Before you leave, check the weather forecast carefully”是关键句，直接对应选项A的核心含义，其他选项均不涉及“天气”相关内容。​ 47. 选B：段落核心是“GPS在偏远地区可能失效，纸质地图更可靠”，与选项B“携带纸质地图而非GPS”精准匹配；关键句“GPS is convenient, but it may not work in remote areas. A paper map is more reliable”直接呼应选项B，排除其他无关选项。​ 48. 选C：段落开头明确提到“出发前告知家人你的路线和返回时间”，后文补充“独自探索危险”，核心是“出行前的告知义务”，与选项C“告知家人你的路线和返回时间”高度契合；该选项是段落开头的核心观点，后文内容均为补充说明，确保安全探索，匹配逻辑连贯。​ 49. 选F：段落核心是“探索自然需携带足够的水和高能零食，避免饮用不明水源”，与选项F“携带足够的水和高能零食”完全对应；关键句“Bring high-energy snacks like nuts and chocolate, and take enough water with you”直接对应选项F的主旨，贴合段落核心需求。​ 50. 选D：段落核心是“山地气候多变，需穿分层衣物适应温度变化”，与选项D“穿分层衣物应对多变的山地气候”精准匹配；关键句“Wearing layers of clothes allows you to add or take off clothes according to the temperature”直接呼应选项D，是段落核心观点的同义表达。 Ⅳ. 词汇运用（共25分） A. 选词填空（每小题1分，共5分） 正确答案： 51. depth 52. survive; 53. measure 54. conditions 55. Desert 答案解析： 51. 考点：词性转换（名词）。句意“湖中心的深度达到40米”，the后接名词，depth是deep的名词形式，意为“深度”，贴合“湖的深度”语境。 52. 考点：情态动词用法+名词。第一空，can是情态动词，后接动词原形，survive意为“生存”，贴合“骆驼无水可生存”；第二空，hot是形容词，后接名词，desert意为“沙漠”，对应“炎热的沙漠”，符合语境。 53. 考点：一般将来时。will后接动词原形，measure意为“测量”，贴合“科学家将测量山峰高度”的语境，与单元中“测量自然奇观相关数据”的话题一致。 54. 考点：名词复数。weather conditions是固定搭配，意为“天气状况”，plateau（高原）的天气状况多变，故用复数conditions，符合“自然环境多变”的语境。 55. 考点：词性转换（形容词）+句首大写。此处修饰plants（植物），需用形容词，Desert是desert的形容词形式（首字母大写，句首），意为“沙漠的”，贴合“沙漠植物适应酷热”的语境。 B. 短文填空（每小题1分，共10分） 答案： 56. creatures 57. from 58. clean 59. danger 60. biggest 61. die 62. harm 63. action 64. protection 65. natural 答案解析： 56. 考点：名词复数。thousands of（成千上万的）后接可数名词复数，creature意为“生物”，复数形式为creatures，贴合“珊瑚礁为成千上万海洋生物提供家园”的语境。 57. 考点：固定搭配。protect...from...是固定短语，意为“保护……免受……伤害”，此处指“珊瑚礁保护海岸线免受海浪和风暴的伤害”，符合语境。 58. 考点：形容词用法。keep+宾语+形容词（宾补），意为“使……保持某种状态”，clean是形容词，意为“干净的”，贴合“珊瑚礁帮助保持海水干净”的语境。 59. 考点：词性转换（名词）。in great danger是固定搭配，意为“处于极大危险中”，dangerous是形容词，此处需用名词danger，贴合“珊瑚礁处于危险中”的语境。 60. 考点：形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”，big的最高级是biggest，贴合“珊瑚白化是最大威胁之一”的语境。 61. 考点：情态动词用法。will后接动词原形，die意为“死亡”，贴合“温度持续偏高，珊瑚会死亡”的语境。 62. 考点：主谓一致。主语是water pollution, overfishing and coastal development（三个并列主语），视为复数，故谓语动词用原形harm（伤害），符合语境。 63. 考点：词性转换（名词）。take action是固定搭配，意为“采取行动”，act是动词，此处需用名词action，贴合“我们必须采取行动保护珊瑚礁”的语境。 64. 考点：词性转换（名词）。此处修饰projects（项目），需用名词作定语，protection意为“保护”，protection projects意为“保护项目”，贴合语境。 65. 考点：词性转换（形容词）。此处修饰wonders（奇观），需用形容词，natural是nature的形容词形式，意为“自然的”，贴合“这些美丽的自然奇观”的语境，与单元主题呼应。 C. 语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 答案： 66. amazing 67. with 68. which 69. pressure 70. eruption 71. destroying 72. However 73. fertile 74. have studied 75. works 答案解析： 66. 考点：形容词辨析（amazing与amazed）。修饰natural wonders（自然奇观，事物），用amazing（令人惊奇的）；amazed修饰人，意为“感到惊奇的”，贴合“火山是令人惊奇的自然奇观”的语境。 67. 考点：介词用法。with+名词短语（a hole at the top）作后置定语，修饰mountain，意为“顶部有一个洞的山”，贴合“火山的外形”语境，简洁表达后置定语。 68. 考点：非限制性定语从句。先行词是a hole，介词through后接关系代词which（不能用that），此处指“通过这个洞，熔岩、火山灰和气体可以从地壳下喷出”，符合定语从句语法规则。 69. 考点：词性转换（名词）。a lot of后接名词，press是动词，意为“按压”，名词形式为pressure（压力），贴合“地球内部有很大压力”的语境。 70. 考点：词性转换（名词）。volcanic是形容词，后接名词，erupt是动词，意为“喷发”，名词形式为eruption（喷发），贴合“这被称为火山喷发”的语境。 71. 考点：非谓语动词（现在分词）。逻辑主语是lava（熔岩），与destroy（摧毁）是主动关系，用现在分词destroying作伴随状语，意为“熔岩顺着山流下，摧毁沿途所有东西”，符合语法规则。 72. 考点：副词用法（转折关系）。前文说“火山喷发很危险”，后文说“火山对地球很重要”，是转折关系，However意为“然而”，表转折，符合上下文逻辑（注意首字母大写）。 73. 考点：形容词用法。make+宾语+形容词（宾补），fertile是形容词，意为“肥沃的”，贴合“火山灰富含营养，使土壤肥沃”的语境。 74. 考点：现在完成时。for many years（持续多年）是现在完成时的标志，主语是scientists（复数），故用have studied，贴合“科学家研究火山多年”的语境。 75. 考点：主谓一致。宾语从句中，主语是the Earth（第三人称单数），谓语动词用第三人称单数形式works，意为“了解地球如何运转”，符合主谓一致规则。 Ⅴ. 书面表达（20分） 范文： Dear Tom,​ I’m glad to receive your letter asking about our school’s study trip with the theme of “natural wonders”.​ Last month, our class went on a study trip to a local karst cave, a famous natural wonder. We arrived there in the morning. With our teacher’s help, we observed the special rock formations, took notes and measured the depth of an underground river in the cave. We also listened to the guide’s introduction about how the cave was formed. This trip taught me a lot. I got more knowledge about natural wonders and realized how amazing nature is. I also knew we should protect these precious natural gifts. Yours,​ Li Hua 范文解析： 1. 要点全覆盖（满分关键）： ① 时间、地点：Last month, a local karst cave（上个月，当地溶洞），简洁明确，贴合“自然奇观”主题； ② 活动过程：observed the special rock formations（观察特殊岩层）、took notes（做记录）、measured the depth of an underground river（测量地下河深度）、listened to the guide’s introduction（听导游介绍），涵盖题目要求的“观察/记录/测量/互动体验”； ③ 收获感悟：got more knowledge about natural wonders（了解更多自然奇观知识）、realized how amazing nature is（意识到自然的神奇）、knew we should protect these precious natural gifts（知道要保护自然奇观），贴合主题，情感真挚。 2. 语法与表达（培优亮点）： ① 句式多样：用with结构（With our teacher’s help）、定语从句（a local karst cave, a famous natural wonder）、宾语从句（how the cave was formed），避免句式单一； ② 词数控制：88词，精准符合80-90词要求； ③ 语境贴合：词汇（karst cave, rock formations, underground river）与单元“自然奇观”主题高度契合，表达地道，无语法错误。 ​ 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $人教版八年级下册unit 4的wonders of nature单元培优卷听力原文，一短对话理解听下面十段短对话，回答1至10小题，每段对话读一遍。E the . weekend . is coming. Shall we go to visit Victoria of false? That's a great idea. I've always wanted to see that amazing natural wonder. Ah I think niagara falls is . the most beautiful waterfall in the world. It's beautiful. But Angel falls is much higher than IT. It's the highest one on earth. Son. why is the dead? See so . sauty that no fish can live in IT. Because of . the hot desert climate, the water evaporated ates quickly, leaving lots of salt behind. 4. have you ever seen . a real coral reef? Yes, I saw a colorful one while diving in the sea last summer. IT was wonderful. Do you know how deep the mariana . trenches? sure. It's approximately eleven thousand meters deep. No one can reach the bottom easily. 6. what's your plan for next year? Will you visit the sahara desert? No, I want to climb. Come along with my father is . my biggest dream起。I read a report about the great barrier of yesterday. Me, too many corals are turning White because of coral bleaching. I'm really . worried about IT. Which natural wonders in africa is that the dead sea? No, the dead see is in asia, the sahara desert, the largest desert in the world, is in africa. 9. who measured the height of comalong a in twenty . twenty IT, was the chinese survey team. They measured IT accurately and got the new height of eight thousand eight hundred forty eight point eight six meters. We've . learned a lot about . natural wonders today. Yes, let's watch a documentary about them tonight to know more. 2、长对话理解，每段对话读两遍，听下面一段长对话回答11至12小题对话读两篇。Hi, Lucy. Did you hear about the desert to a wasted project in the sera? Yes, I saw a news report about IT. How large is the pilot Greening area there? It's fifteen square kilometer. Scientists planted many drug resistance plants there. But how can the plants survive in such a dry place? They use drip irrigation technology. IT saves water and keeps the plants alive. Hi Lucy. Did you hear about the desert to a wasted project in the sera? Yes, I saw a news report about IT. How large is the pilot Greening area there? It's fifteen square kilometers. Scientists planted many drug resistant plants there. But how can the plant survive in such a dry place? They use drip irrigation technology. IT saves water and keeps the plants alive. 听下面一段长对话，回答13至15小题，对话读两篇。what are you going to do this . afternoon, lilly? I'm going to visit the deep sea exploration science exhibition. Why do you want to go there? I need to finish my science report about deep sea wonders. The exhibition will give me lots of information. interesting. What can visitors do there? We can stay in the V. R. Deep sea cabin for fifteen minutes to experience the deep sea. After that, we can receive a photo with a virtual shark. What are you going to do this afternoon, lilly? I'm going to visit the deep sea exploration science exhibition. Why do you want to go there? I need to finish my science report about deep sea wonders. The exhibition will give me lots of information. Interesting, what can visitors do there? We can stay in the V, R, deep sea cabin for fifteen minutes to experience the deep sea. After that, we can receive a photo with a virtual shark. 人教版八年级下册 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元培优卷 （80分钟　满分120分） 第一部分　听力（20分） Ⅰ. 短对话理解（每小题1分，共10分） 听下面10段短对话，回答1-10小题，每段对话读一遍。 （ ）1. What natural wonder are the speakers planning to visit this weekend? A. The Great Wall.　 B. Victoria Falls.　 C. The Yellow River. （ ）2. Which is the highest waterfall mentioned by the girl? A. Angel Falls.　 B. Niagara Falls.　 C. Victoria Falls. （ ）3. What causes the Dead Sea to be so salty? A. Volcanic eruption.　 B. Hot desert climate.　 C. Underground springs. （ ）4. Where did the boy see the coral reef? A. In a book.　 B. On TV.　 C. While diving last summer. （ ）5. How deep is the Mariana Trench approximately? A. About 8,800 m.　 B. About 11,000 m.　 C. About 6,700 m. （ ）6. What does the girl want to do next year? A. Climb Qomolangma.　 B. Visit the Sahara.　 C. Explore a rainforest. （ ）7. Why are the speakers worried about the Great Barrier Reef? A. Coral bleaching.　 B. Too many visitors.　 C. Water pollution. （ ）8. What natural wonder is located in Africa? A. The Dead Sea.　 B. The Sahara Desert.　 C. The Mariana Trench. （ ）9. Who first measured the height of Qomolangma in 2020? A. British climbers.　 B. Chinese survey team.　 C. Nepalese guides. （ ）10. What do both speakers decide to do after the conversation? A. Watch a documentary.　 B.Read geography magazines.　 C. Save money for a trip. Ⅱ. 长对话理解（每小题2分，共10分） 听下面一段长对话，回答11-12小题，对话读两篇。 （ ）11. How large is the pilot greening area in the Sahara? A. 5 km².　 B. 15 km².　 C. 50 km². （ ）12. What technology keeps the plants alive in the desert? A. Drip irrigation.　 B. Seawater conversion.　 C. Underground rivers. 听下面一段长对话，回答13-15小题，对话读两篇。 （ ）13. Why does the girl want to visit the exhibition? A. To finish her science report.　 B.To collect photos for her blog. C. To accompany her little brother. （ ）14. How long can visitors stay in the VR deep-sea cabin? A. 10 minutes.　 B. 15 minutes.　 C. 20 minutes. （ ）15. What can visitors do after the VR experience? A. Touch real corals.　 B. Vote for their favorite picture. C. Receive a photo with a virtual shark. 第二部分　笔试（100分） Ⅰ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Mount Kilimanjaro, the 16 mountain in Africa, stands quietly in Tanzania. Last summer, I 17 a climbing team to reach its base camp, and spent an 18 night there. It was my first time to stay on a high mountain at 19 , and every moment was full of surprises and challenges. When we arrived at the base camp in the late afternoon, the sky was clear and blue. The mountain looked grand and mysterious under the sun. Our guide told us to prepare warm clothes, because the temperature would 20 sharply at night. We set up our tents 21 , and then sat around the campfire to rest. The air was 22 , so we breathed a little difficultly, but we were all 23 about the night ahead. As the sun went down, the sky turned 24 gradually. Stars began to appear, 25 and more numerous than I had ever seen. There were no city lights to 26 them, so the whole sky was like a black cloth with countless diamonds. I 27 on the ground and looked up, feeling small in front of nature’s beauty. Our guide told us 28 about Mount Kilimanjaro, including its history and the animals that lived on it. At midnight, the wind started to blow, and it became much 29 . I wrapped myself tightly in my sleeping bag, but I still couldn’t fall asleep easily. I listened to the sound of the wind and the distant calls of wild animals. When the first light of dawn appeared, we got up quickly. The mountain was covered with a thin layer of snow, and it looked even more beautiful. It was an experience I would never 30 . （ ）16. A. quietest B. highest C. longest D. widest （ ）17. A. joined B. left C. led D. trained （ ）18. A. boring B. terrible C. unforgettable D. common （ ）19. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night （ ）20. A. rise B. drop C. keep D. change （ ）21. A. slowly B. quickly C. easily D. carelessly （ ）22. A. thin B. thick C. fresh D. dirty （ ）23. A. sad B. angry C. excited D. nervous （ ）24. A. red B. dark C. white D. blue （ ）25. A. fewer B. smaller C. brighter D. darker （ ）26. A. hide B. show C. warm D. cool （ ）27. A. sat B. lay C. stood D. walked （ ）28. A. stories B. jokes C. lies D. rules （ ）29. A. warmer B. hotter C. colder D. wetter （ ）30. A. forget B. remember C. miss D. regret Ⅱ. 阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分） A Angel Falls, known as “Salto Ángel” in Spanish, is the highest waterfall in the world. It is located in the rainforests of Venezuela, South America. With a height of 979 meters and a free fall of 807 meters, it is much higher than other famous waterfalls like Niagara Falls and Victoria Falls. Standing at the bottom of the waterfall, you can feel its power and beauty deeply. The waterfall was named after Jimmy Angel, an American pilot. In 1933, Angel accidentally discovered the waterfall while flying over the rainforest. He tried to land near it but failed, and his plane got stuck on a mountain. Later, people found him and the waterfall became famous around the world. Before being named after Angel, the local Pemon people called it “Kerepakupai Vená”, which means “waterfall of the deepest place”. Visiting Angel Falls is an amazing experience, but it is not easy. The waterfall is in a remote rainforest, so you need to take a plane or a boat to reach it. The best time to visit is from May to November, when the rainfall is heavy and the waterfall is at its most beautiful. Remember to take waterproof clothes and comfortable shoes, as the area is often rainy and muddy. （ ）31. How high is Angel Falls? A. 807 meters. B. 979 meters. C. 8848 meters. D. 11000 meters. （ ）32. Who discovered Angel Falls? A. A local Pemon person. B. A Venezuelan scientist. C. An American pilot. D. A British climber. （ ）33. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. How Angel Falls got its name. B. The history of Angel Falls. C. A brief introduction to Angel Falls. D. The best time to visit Angel Falls. B Day 3 in the Sahara Desert: Today, I really felt the power of nature. As a teen reporter, I came here with a team to learn about the desert’s ecosystem and the environmental protection projects. The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, covering most of North Africa. Its climate is extremely extreme, and surviving here is a great challenge. In the daytime, the temperature can reach over 45℃. The sun shines brightly, and the sand is so hot that you can’t walk on it with bare feet. There is almost no water or plants, except for some drought-resistant cacti and acacia trees. At night, everything changes. The temperature drops to below 0℃ quickly, and the wind blows strongly. We wrapped ourselves in thick coats, but still felt cold. The stars in the sky are very bright, which is the only beautiful scenery at night. This morning, we visited an oasis in the desert. It was like a green diamond in the sea of sand. There was a small river, and many palm trees around it. Local people live near the oasis, and they depend on it for water and food. We also saw a “desert greening” project here. Scientists use drip irrigation technology to plant grass and trees, trying to stop the desert from expanding. It is hard work, but they never give up. I learned a lot today. The Sahara is not just a lifeless desert—it has its own ecosystem and people who love it. The word “survive” here does not only mean staying alive, but also means protecting this special land. I hope more people can pay attention to the Sahara and join in the protection work. （ ）34. What’s the temperature in the Sahara during the day? A. Below 0℃. B. Between 20℃ and 30℃. C. Over 45℃. D. Between 30℃ and 40℃. （ ）35. What does the underlined word “oasis” mean in Chinese? A. 沙漠 B. 绿洲 C. 戈壁 D. 峡谷 （ ）36. Which technology is used in the “desert greening” project? A. Seawater conversion. B. GPS positioning. C. Drip irrigation. D. Solar energy. （ ）37. What can we infer from the diary? A. The Sahara is a completely lifeless desert. B. Local people in the Sahara live a happy life without worries. C. The “desert greening” project is easy to finish. D. The writer thinks it’s important to protect the Sahara. C The Mariana Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean, is the deepest place on Earth. It is about 11,000 meters deep—so deep that if you put Mount Qomolangma into it, the top of the mountain would still be 2,000 meters below the sea surface. The deep sea is a dark, cold and high-pressure world, but it is not lifeless. There are many amazing creatures that can’t be seen on land, and they have special abilities to adapt to the harsh environment. One of the most amazing deep-sea creatures is the Mariana snailfish. It lives at a depth of 8,000 to 11,000 meters, where the pressure is more than 1,000 times that of the surface. To survive, its body has no bones, and its skin is thin and flexible. This helps it stand the high pressure. Another interesting creature is the tube worm. It lives near hydrothermal vents, where the water is very hot and full of toxic chemicals. But the tube worm can use these chemicals to make food, just like plants use sunlight. In recent years, humans have started to explore the deep sea with submarines. The Chinese submarine “Fendouzhe” reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench in 2020, which made China one of the few countries that can explore the deepest sea. The submarine took many photos and collected samples of creatures and rocks, helping scientists learn more about the deep sea. The deep sea is a mysterious world full of wonders. It reminds us that nature is full of surprises, and there are still many things we don’t know. We should protect the deep sea and its creatures, because it is an important part of our planet. （ ）38. How deep is the Mariana Trench? A. About 8,000 meters. B. About 9,000 meters. C. About 11,000 meters. D. About 12,000 meters. （ ）39. What special ability does the Mariana snailfish have? A. It can make food from toxic chemicals. B. It can stand extremely high pressure. C. It can live without water for a long time. D. It can glow in the dark. （ ）40.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Mariana Trench is in the eastern Pacific Ocean. B. The tube worm lives at a depth of 8,000 to 11,000 meters. C. “Fendouzhe” is a Chinese submarine that explored the Mariana Trench. D. There are no creatures in the Mariana Trench because of the harsh environment. （ ）41. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the deep sea? A. Curious and respectful. B. Bored and uninterested. C. Afraid and nervous. D. Doubtful and worried. D Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world, is not standing still—it is growing every year. Have you ever wondered why this happens? The answer lies in the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. Scientists have studied this for many years, and they have found some amazing facts behind Qomolangma’s height. The Earth’s crust is made up of several large tectonic plates. Mount Qomolangma is located at the border between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. About 50 million years ago, the Indian Plate started to move northwards and collide with the Eurasian Plate. Since then, the two plates have been pushing against each other, and the land between them has been rising gradually. This is how the Himalayas, including Qomolangma, were formed. Even today, the Indian Plate is still moving northwards at a speed of about 5 centimeters per year, so Qomolangma is still growing. In 2020, a Chinese survey team measured Qomolangma’s height accurately. They used advanced technology, including GPS and drones, and got the new height of 8,848.86 meters. This was the most accurate measurement ever made. Before that, the last measurement was in 1975, when Chinese climbers left a “Chinese Ladder” on the mountain. The ladder, made of aluminum alloy, helped many climbers reach the top and measure the mountain’s height. Scientists predict that Qomolangma will continue to grow in the future. However, its growth rate is very slow—about 0.3 centimeters per year. Besides plate movement, other factors like climate change and erosion also affect its height. For example, global warming causes glaciers on Qomolangma to melt, which may make the mountain a little shorter. But overall, the tectonic movement is still the main reason for its growth. Mount Qomolangma is not just a mountain—it is a window to the Earth’s history. Studying its height helps us understand the movement of tectonic plates and the changes of our planet. It also shows us the power of nature and the importance of scientific exploration. （ ）42. What’s the main reason for Qomolangma’s growth? A. Climate change. B. Tectonic plate movement. C. Glacial melting. D. Erosion. （ ）43. When was Qomolangma’s height measured in 2020? A. By a British survey team. B. By a Nepalese survey team. C. By a Chinese survey team. D. By an American survey team. （ ）44. What does the underlined sentence “Mount Qomolangma is a window to the Earth’s history” mean? A. Qomolangma has a long history. B. Studying Qomolangma helps us know the Earth’s past. C. Qomolangma is the oldest mountain on Earth. D. The Earth’s history is written on Qomolangma. （ ）45. What can we infer from the passage? A. Qomolangma will stop growing in the near future. B. The “Chinese Ladder” was made in 2020. C. The Indian Plate is moving southwards now. D. Qomolangma’s height is affected by many factors. Ⅲ. 任务型阅读（每小题2分，共10分） Exploring nature is a wonderful way to learn about the world around us. Whether you are climbing a mountain, visiting a forest or exploring a desert, you can enjoy the beauty of natural wonders. However, nature can also be dangerous if you are not careful. To keep yourself safe while exploring nature, here are some important tips. ________46________. The weather in nature can change quickly, especially in mountains or deserts. A sunny morning can turn into a rainy afternoon suddenly. Before you leave, check the weather forecast carefully. If there is a storm or heavy rain, it’s better to put off your trip. ________47________. GPS is convenient, but it may not work in remote areas. A paper map is more reliable, and it can help you find your way even if there is no signal. Remember to learn how to read a map before your trip. ________48________. Before you start your trip, make sure to let your family know your route and when you plan to return. Exploring nature alone is very dangerous. If you get lost or hurt, no one can help you in time. Besides, don’t take selfies on the edge of cliffs—it’s easy to fall off. Always stay with your team and follow the guide’s instructions. ________49________. In nature, you may walk for a long time, and you need enough energy and water. Bring high-energy snacks like nuts and chocolate, and take enough water with you. Don’t drink water from unknown rivers or lakes—it may be polluted. ________50________. Mountain climates are often changeable. In the morning, it may be cold, but it can become hot at noon. Wearing layers of clothes allows you to add or take off clothes according to the temperature. It can help you avoid catching a cold or getting too hot. Following these tips can help you explore nature safely and enjoy your trip. Remember, safety always comes first when you are in nature. A. Check the weather forecast before you leave. B. Carry a paper map instead of GPS. C. Tell your family your route and return time. D. Wear layers to cope with changeable mountain climates. E. Take selfies on the edge of cliffs to prove your courage. F. Bring enough water and high-energy snacks. G. It’s better to explore alone to enjoy peace. Ⅳ. 词汇运用（共25分） A. 选词填空（每小题1分，共5分） 从方框中选择并用正确形式填空（每词限用一次） measure, depth, survive, desert, condition 51. The __________ of the lake reaches 40 metres in the center. 52. Camels can __________ for days without water in the hot desert. 53. Scientists will __________ the height of the mountain again this year. 54. Weather __________ in the plateau change rapidly within hours. 55. plants are adapted to cope with extreme heat. B. 短文填空（每小题1分，共10分） Coral reefs are one of the most beautiful and important ecosystems on Earth. They are like “rainforests of the sea” and provide homes for thousands of marine 56.__________ (creature), including fish, turtles and corals themselves. Coral reefs also protect coastlines 57. waves and storms, and help keep the sea 58.__________ (clean). However, coral reefs are in great 59. (dangerous) now. One of the 60. (big) threats is coral bleaching. When the sea temperature rises, corals lose their colorful algae and turn white. If the temperature stays high for a long time, the corals will 61.__________ (die). Besides, water pollution, overfishing and coastal development also 62.__________ (harm) coral reefs. We must take 63. (act) to protect coral reefs. We can reduce water pollution by not throwing rubbish into the sea. We can also support 64. __________ (protect) projects and tell more people about the importance of coral reefs. Only in this way can we save these beautiful 65. __________ (nature) wonders and keep the marine ecosystem balanced. C. 语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） Volcanoes are 66. (amaze) natural wonders, but they can also be very dangerous. A volcano is a mountain 67. a hole at the top, through 68. _________ lava, ash and gas can come out from under the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s interior is very hot, and there is a lot of 69. (press). Lava is hot, liquid rock under the Earth’s surface. When the pressure becomes too high, lava is pushed up through the volcano’s crater. This is called a volcanic 70.__________ (erupt). Volcanic eruptions can be very powerful. They can send ash high into the sky, and lava can flow down the mountain, 71.__________ (destroy) everything in its path.72. , volcanoes are also important for the Earth. The ash from eruptions is rich in nutrients, which makes the soil 73.__________ (fertile). Many plants grow well near volcanoes, and some people even live near volcanoes because of the good soil. Scientists 74.__________ (study) volcanoes for many years. They use special tools to monitor volcanoes and predict eruptions. This helps people stay safe and learn more about how the Earth 75.__________ (work). Ⅴ. 书面表达（20分） 76. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信想了解你校“自然奇观”主题研学活动。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信，介绍你参加的一次活动。 提示： 1. 时间、地点； 2. 活动过程（观察/记录/测量/互动体验等）； 3. 你的收获与感悟。 要求： 1. 词数80-90； 2. 文中不得出现真实校名、人名； 3. 书信格式已给出（不计入总词数）。 Dear Tom,​ I’m glad to receive your letter asking about our school’s study trip with the theme of “natural wonders”.​ ​ Yours,​ Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $