专项五 介词和介词短语-（精讲册）【考出好成绩】2026年河北新中考英语单元分层练习课件PPT（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦介词及介词短语核心考点，依据河北新考情系统梳理表时间、方位、方向等介词用法及固定搭配，结合2025年河北、临沂等地中考真题，通过表格对比（如in/on/at辨析）和用法示例，精准对接中考考查要求，突出常考题型的针对性训练。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题实战”模式，如句境专练中2025河北题“full of”直接强化介词与名词搭配，完形填空通过语境分析培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分层设计的语篇填空和易错点解析，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依托此资料构建高效复习体系，提升中考备考效率。

研究河北新考情 更懂中考新方向 河北新中考 英语RJ 精讲册 2 第二部分 河北中考核心语法系统复习 专项五 介词和介词短语 3 考点精讲 高分分层提优练 4 返回目录 5 一、介词的用法 1.表时间 （1）辨析in，on与at 用法 示例 in 用于世纪、年代、年、 月、季节前或泛指的上 午、下午、晚上前 in the 21st century在21世纪； in 2021在2021年；in spring在春天； in the morning在早上 返回目录 6 用法 示例 on 用于具体某一天 （如：几月几日、星期 几、节日等）或某一天的 上午、下午、晚上前 on September 1st在9月1日； on Monday在周一； on National Day在国庆节； on Saturday morning在周六上午 at 用于具体时间点前或黎 明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 at one o’clock在一点；at noon在中午 续表 返回目录 7 （2）辨析in，after与before 含义及用法 示例 in “in+时间段”表示“过…… （时间）以后”，常与将来时 连用 in five years五年后 after 后接时间点，常与一般将来 时连用，表示“……之后” I will go to school after seven o’clock. 我将在七点之后去上学。 后接时间段，常与一般过去 时连用，表示“……之后” Tom finished school after three years.汤姆 三年后毕业了。 before 在……之前 Lily must go to bed before 9:00。莉莉必 须九点前上床睡觉。 返回目录 8 （3）辨析during，by与until 含义及用法 示例 during 在……期间 during the summer holiday在暑假期间 by by+时间点，表示 “到……为止；不迟 于；在……前” I will finish the work by Friday.星期五之前 我会完成这项工作。 until “直到……”，表示动作 持续到某一时间 We must work here until 10 o’clock.我们必 须在这儿工作到10点钟。 返回目录 9 （4）辨析for与since since+时间点=for+一段时间，常用于现在完成时（常与延续性动词连用）。如： since 3 years ago=for 3 years 返回目录 10 2.表方位 （1）辨析at，on，in与to 含义及用法 示例 at at+小地点（建筑物、 公共场所等） at home 在家；at the bus station在公交车站 on 在……（的平面）上 on the desk在书桌上；on the floor在地板上 表示两地接壤 Hunan is on the west of Jiangxi.湖南在江西的 西边。 返回目录 11 含义及用法 示例 in in+大地点（国家、省、城市等） in China在中国；in Hebei在河北； in the city在城市 在……里（周围环境 是立体的地方） in the forest在森林里；in the classroom在教室里 to 在……范围之外，不 接壤 Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的 东部。 续表 返回目录 12 （2）辨析on，over，above，under与below 含义及用法 例句 助记 on 在……上面 （接触） There is a pen on the book and another book is beneath it.在书上有一支钢笔并 且在书下有另一本书。 _____________________________ over 在……正上 方（垂直不接触） Over the table is a chandelier.桌子上面 是个吊灯。 返回目录 13 含义及用法 例句 助记 above 在……上方 （泛指） The plane is flying above the clouds.飞 机在云层上面飞行。 _____________________________ under 在……正下 方（垂直不接触） The cat is under the table.小猫在桌子 下面。 below 在……下方 （泛指） The temperature dropped below zero.温 度降到了零下。 续表 返回目录 14 （3）辨析between与among between表示在两者之间 The dog is between the two trees.这只狗在两棵树 之间。 among表示在三者或三者 以上的人或事物之间 The dog sits among a group of cats.这只狗坐在一群 猫中间。 返回目录 15 （4）其他方位介词 含义 例句 behind 在……后面 The small dog is behind the door.那只小狗在门后。 inside 在……里面 Don’t stay inside the buildings when an earthquake happens.当地震发生的时候，不要待在建筑物里面。 beside 在……旁边 David,do you mind my sitting beside you?戴维，你介意我 坐在你旁边吗？ 返回目录 16 3.表动向 辨析across，through，over与past 含义及用法 例句 across “横过；穿过”，指从物体表面的一 边到另一边 Go across the street，and you will see the school.过了马路你就会看到 学校。 through “穿过；透过”，指从某一物体的空 间内部穿过 Go through the forest，and you will see a river.穿过森林，你将会 看到一条河流。 返回目录 17 含义及用法 例句 over “越过；翻过”，指从某一物体的上方越 过或空间范围之上通过，表面不接触 The plane flew over the mountains.飞机从那些山峰的上 方飞过。 past “经过”，指从旁边经过 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom. 当老师经过教室时，他看到那 个男孩正在睡觉。 续表 返回目录 18 4.表方式 辨析with，in，by与on 含义及用法 例句 with “用，以，借助 于”，后常接工具 或身体部位 ①I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔 写作业。 ②Elephants drink water with their trunks.大象用鼻子 喝水。 返回目录 19 含义及用法 例句 in “用……”，后接语 言、声音、颜色等 ①Can you say it in English？你能用英语说它吗？ ②The girl in red is my friend.穿红色衣服的女孩是 我的朋友。 by by+交通工具，意 为“乘；坐” I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学。 by+doing，意为“通 过……方式” I improve my English by speaking more.我通过多说 来提高英语。 on “通过……”，后接 电子产品/通讯工具 I could do all my work on the computer.我能通过电 脑完成所有工作。 续表 返回目录 20 5.其他介词 含义及用法 示例 for 为，给； 对……来说 Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支 钢笔。 from 从…… We’re open from 8：00 a.m.to 7：00 p.m.every day. 我们每天从早上8点到晚上7点营业。 of ……的 a map of China一幅中国地图 about 关于；大约 （+数字） It’s a book about animals.这是一本关于动物的书。 返回目录 21 含义及用法 示例 with “with+人”意为 “和某人一起” I play games with my classmates.我和我的同学们玩 游戏。 带有；有 a girl with long hair一个长头发的女孩； a book with a green cover一本绿皮书 without 没有；不 He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃 早餐就去上班。 over 遍及；超过 There are over two hundred people in the park.公园 里有两百多人。 against 反对；对抗； 紧靠 We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我 们将跟他们比赛。 续表 返回目录 22 含义及用法 示例 into 到……里面； 进入…… Mr. White came into the classroom with a smile. 怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。 except 除……之外 Everyone is very happy except him.除了他，每个人都 很开心。 besides “除了”，包括 后面提到的人或物 I learn English and maths besides Chinese. 除了语文，我还学习英语和数学。 续表 返回目录 23 二、介词短语及固定搭配 at短语 at birth出生时 at home在家里 at last最后 at noon/night在中午/晚上 at work在工作 at the same time同时 at times有时 at midnight在午夜 at the moment在此刻 at once立刻，马上 at least至少 返回目录 24 in短语 in common共同的 in danger处于危险中 in hospital住院 in time及时 in English用英语 in fact事实上 in public当众；公开地 in person亲自 in silence沉默地 in surprise吃惊地 in the future将来 in the end最后 in the daytime在白天 in trouble处于困境中 in a hurry匆忙 in the way挡道 in order to为了 of短语 as a result of由于 ahead of在……前面 because of因为 first of all首先 instead of而不是 of course当然 all of a sudden突然地 续表 返回目录 25 on短语 on business出差 on display陈列 on duty值班 on foot步行 on holiday在休假 on one’s own独自 on purpose故意 on sale降价销售；出售 on show展出 on time准时 on the earth在地球上 on the way在路上 on the telephone在接/打电话 on the other hand另一方面 on the right/left在右/左边 续表 返回目录 26 to短语 according to根据 close to接近 to one’s surprise/joy令某人吃惊/高兴的是 thanks to幸亏；由于 by短语 by air坐飞机 by bus坐公交车 by accident偶然地 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下 其他短语 for example 例如 such as 例如 together with 和……一起 续表 返回目录 27 Ⅰ.根据句意使用适当的介词完成句子。 1. (2025 河北)Our “ Good Things Jug”is full ____ love, hope and happiness. 2. (2025 临沂)Thanks ____ their long-term preparations, Ruan Ruoshan wrote the lyrics with Li Lin in a village house overnight. of to 返回目录 28 3.(2025长沙)Are you interested ____ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. 4.(2025吉林)Life was hard for Su Shi, but he tr,ed to enjoy it. In 1080, he was sent to Huangzhou and stayed there ____ four years. 5. (2025 绥化改编) Everyone in my family does chores ________ my little brother because he is only 10 months old. 6.(2025 成都改编)Xiao Wenfang gave up her job in the big city and opened a restaurant with her father in the village ________ learning about its changes. 7.(2025 山西改编) There ’s also a small wireless device that can receive and translate the signals for a smart machine. ________ this “ translator”,the machine can understand the thoughts from the brain and act. in for except after With 返回目录 29 8.(2025 天津改编) After the police officers asked the man some questions and checked his identity (身份), they learned that the man himself lived in the house. He had to enter the house ________ the open window because his keys were lost. 9.________ the Spring Festival，lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown. 10.The hardships mentioned in the book are now in thepast._________them, I could never have finished this book. through Without During 返回目录 30 Ⅱ.完形填空。 I came to China with my parents a year ago. Mr. Xi lives next . .11. . me in my neighborhood. He likes to say，“Méi guānxi” in life. One weekend，Mom asked Mr. Xi to look . .12. . me. “I’m so sorry，” she said. “But we don’t know other neighbors yet.” “Méi guānxi！” Mr. Xi said and laughed. I asked him.“What does‘Méi guānxi’mean？”“It means ‘no problem’，” he explained. “It seems that you are cool with everything，but I am always nervous about things in my life，even the weather，”I said. 返回目录 31 “Oh，I used to worry，too!” said Mr. Xi. “I used to work . .13. . a tall building. I worried all the time，and was angry all the time . .14. . first. Finally， my doctor told me that the stress was making me sick.” He stopped talking and looked . .15. . of the window at his garden. “So what did you do？” I asked. He said，“I bought this house，together . .16. . those fruit trees in the garden. I just focused . .17. . what I was doing instead of thinking about the results. I found peace in that process.” . .18. . then on，when I met some difficulties，I would tell myself “Méi guānxi”. 返回目录 11.( ) A.on B.in C.from D.to D 12.( ) A.after B.at C.for D.like A 13.( ) A.on B.over C.in D.behind C 14.( ) A.in B.for C.by D.at D 15.( ) A.out B.through C.up D.down A 16.( ) A.before B.with C.for D.about B 17.( ) A.of B.in C.on D.for C 18.( ) A.For B.From C.Against D.With B 返回目录 33 Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的介词。 When you have a cold, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over.What makes you ill? It’s germs （细菌）.Germs are everywhere. They are so small that you can’t find them 19.______ your eyes. However,it’s easy 20.____ you to see them with a microscope （显微镜）.They are very small and there could be hundreds of them in or 21.____ a very small thing. Germs are always found 22.___ dirty water. In order to see them, you can look 23.___dirty water under the microscope. They are also found in air and dust. If you cut your finger , and some 24.___ the dust goes into the finger, it will become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes germs will go 25._____ your body and you won’t have a comfortable feeling 26._______ pain. with for on in at of into except 返回目录 34 35 $