内容正文:
研究河北新考情 更懂中考新方向
河北新中考
英语JJ
精讲册
2
第二部分 核心语法・高分特训
专项十四 构词法
3
核心知识・梳理精讲
题型应用・高分特训
4
一、合成法
将两个或两个以上的单词组合起来的新词叫作合成词。
类型 构成方式及示例
复合名词 名词+名词:classroom 教室; sunflower 向日葵; basketball 篮
球;daydream 白日梦;
名词+动词:sunrise 日出;sunset日落;haircut 理发;
形容词+名词:blackboard 黑板; greenhouse 温室; highway 公路;
动词+副词:get-together 聚会;聚集; breakdown 崩溃,分解;
动词+名词:playground 操场;bathroom 浴室;
名词+动名词:handwriting 书法;storytelling 讲故事;
副词+名词:outbreak 爆发
返回目录
5
类型 构成方式及示例
复合动词 形容词+动词:dry-clean 干洗;
名词+动词:sleepwalk 梦游
续表
返回目录
6
类型 构成方式及示例
复合形容
词 名词+动名词:mouth-watering 令人垂涎的; time-saving 省时的;
名词+过去分词:man-made 人工制造的;hand-made 手工的;
名词+形容词:homesick 想家的;worldwide 全世界的;
形容词+名词+-ed: warm-hearted 热心的;white-haired 白发的;
形容词+现在分词:good-looking 美貌的; easy-going 悠闲的,随和的;
形容词+过去分词:readymade 现成的; newborn 新生的,初生的;
副词+现在分词:hard-working 努力工作的;
副词+过去分词:well-known 众所周知的 ;newly-built 新建的;
数词+名词+形容词:six-year-old 六岁大的; two-meter-long 两米长的
续表
返回目录
类型 构成方式及示例
复合副词 副词+名词:outdoors在户外;downstairs 往楼下
复合代词 不定代词+名词:anything任何事
续表
返回目录
二、派生法
在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成的新词叫作派生词。
通过给词根加前缀构成另一个词。前缀大多数不造成词性的转换,但能引起词
义的变化,初中阶段常见的前缀大多属于否定前缀。
返回目录
9
1.常见否定前缀
dis-不;无 disappear 消失; dislike 不喜欢; disagree 不同意;dishonest 不诚实
的
im-不;相反
的 impossible不可能的; impatient 不耐烦的;impolite 不礼貌的;粗鲁
的
un-不 unhappy 不开心的; uncomfortable不舒服的;unlike不像;unlucky 不
幸运的
in-不;非 inexpensive不贵的;incorrect 不正确的
mis-错误的 misunderstanding 误解
返回目录
10
2.其他前缀
inter-在……之间,相互 Internet 互联网;international 国际的;interview 采访
over-过于;外面的;在上
面 overuse 过度使用;overtired 过度劳累的
re-再;又 retell 复述;return 回来,返回;recall 回忆起,召
回;review 复习
super-超级 supermarket 超市;superstar 超级明星; superman超人
under-在……下面;不足 underground 地铁
【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化,如 en-可以和名词或形容词构成动词:
enable,enlarge,encourage;a-可以和名词构成形容词:asleep,awake。
返回目录
11
3.常见后缀
通过给词根加后缀构成另一个词。后缀主要会带来词性的改变,同时还能改变
词义。
类型 示例
名词变
形容词 -an European 欧洲(人)的
-al traditional 传统的;national 民族的; musical 音乐的
-en wooden 木制的 golden 金色的
-ern eastern 东方的
-ical chemical 化学的
-ous humorous 幽默的;dangerous 危险的
-ly friendly 友好的;weekly每周的
-y lucky幸运的;dirty 肮脏的;rainy 下雨的;sleepy 困的
返回目录
12
类型 示例
名词变
名词 -n,-an,-ian Australian澳大利亚人;European 欧洲人;musician 音
乐家
-ese Chinese 中国人;Japanese 日语
-ist artist 艺术家;scientist 科学家;pianist 钢琴家
-ship leadership 领导(力);friendship 友谊
续表
返回目录
13
类型 示例
动词变
形容词 -able comfortable 舒服的; enjoyable 快乐的
-d,-ed surprised 感到吃惊的;moved 感动的;relaxed 放松的;
interested 感兴趣的
-ing interesting 有趣的;exciting 令人兴奋的
-ive active 有活力的;attractive 迷人的
-ful careful 仔细的;helpful 有帮助的; useful 有用的
-less careless 粗心的;useless 无用的;homeless 无家可归的
续表
返回目录
14
类型 示例
动词变
名词 -er,-or,-ress teacher 教师;inventor 发明家;waitress 女服务员
-ing building 建筑;meeting 会议,会面
-ment movement 移动;development 发展
-ion/-tion/-ation/-
sion education教育;competition比赛;invention发
明;translation翻译;decision 决定
形容词
变副词 -ly carefully 细心地;slowly 慢地
变y为i加-ly happily 开心地;angrily 愤怒地;busily 忙碌地;heavily
沉重地
去e加-y 或加-ly truly 真正地;possibly 可能地;terribly 非常
续表
返回目录
15
类型 示例
形容词
变名词 -dom freedom 自由,自主
-th truth 事实;warmth 温暖
-ty safety 安全
-ness illness 疾病;coldness 寒冷; happiness 幸福
续表
返回目录
16
三、转化法
转化法是指把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。单词转化后的意
义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
词类转化 例词
名词→动词 water n. 水→v.浇水 show n. 展览;展示→v.表演;展出
color n. 颜色→v.染色 book n.书→v.预定
动词→名词 walk v. 散步;走→n.散步 stop v.停止→n.车站
talk v.谈论→n.谈话 drive v.开车→n.驱车旅行
形容词→名词 daily adj.日常的→n.日报 final adj.最后的;最终的→n.决赛
形容词→动词 slow adj.慢的→v.放慢 clean adj.清洁的;干净的→v.清扫
dirty adj.脏的→v.弄脏 dry adj.干燥的→v.把……弄干;变
干
返回目录
17
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025福建)“As long as we are here,we will protect this wall.It is our job and our _______(proud),"said one of the protectors.
2.(2025保定一模)The teacher said,“ _______(safe) comes first.”
3.The __________ (interest) story in the book caught the boy's attention and he couldn't put it down.
4.(2025山 西 )I was really ______________ (surprise)to find I had been wrong all my life—business people are a lot cooler than I thought.
pride
Safety
interesting
surprised
返回目录
18
5.(2025菏泽)Xue Tan became a student of Qin Qing, a great ________ (music)known for his magical voice.
6.(2025徐州)5G-A is supposed to serve 50 million ________ (use), according to People’s Daily.
7.(2025宿迁)In a national swimming competition in Chengdu, Yuan finished fourth in the race, while the top three entered China's national swimming team (successful).
musician
users
8.—Peter, the music sounds too ______ (noise).Please turn it down.
—Sorry, I’ll do it at once.
noisy
9.(2025苏 州 )Soon,her tea house was always crowded with ________ (visit), including students and business people from many places.
visitors
successfully
返回目录
19
10.Jim has gone to bed? This is very _________ (usual).He
always stays up late.
11.(2025天津)Scientists think people are causing this change by _______________(burn)a lot of coal and oil.
unusual
burning
返回目录
Ⅱ.阅读下面的短文,填入括号中所给词的正确形式。
I believe that we can have an important influence on anyone we meet. The
right words at just the right time could change 12.__________ (someone) life.
When I was a 13.______________ (three years old) kid,my parents
discovered I was deaf. After asking many doctors and parents of other deaf
children,they decided to put me in a normal school.
On my first day,the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid
(助听器) and the way I talked. It made me 14._______ (bad) hurt.
Although I seemed outgoing,my self-esteem (自尊)was 15.______ (true)
low. I 16.________ (think) of myself as an ugly kid.
someone’s
three-year-old
badly
truly
thought
返回目录
21
Mrs. Jordan,my teacher,changed all of that with a 17._______ (simply)
three-word phrase.
One morning,she asked the class a question. I read her lips and raised my
hand right away. She called on me. I took a deep 18._______ (breathe) and
nervously answered Mrs. Jordan’s question.
I will never forget what happened next. Mrs. Jordan pointed 19.________
(direct) at me. With shining eyes and a big smile,she cried,“That’s right,
Stephen!”
For the first time in my young life,my 20.___________ (confident)
soared(增强) like never before.
At that moment,I decided that no matter how many 21.___________
(difficult) I may face,I can overcome them. Just from those three simple
words,my whole life was changed.
simple
breath
directly
confidence
difficulties
返回目录
22
23
$