Unit 1 When was he born 一般过去时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级下册

Unit 1 When was he born? 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态、when和how long引导的特殊疑问句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、完成句子 2 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 6 三、单项选择 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法选择 16 题型二 语法填空 18 （一）一般过去时的被动语态 1. 被动语态的含义 被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。 2.一般过去时的被动语态的构成为"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"，其句式结构如下: 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Printing was invented in China. 印刷术是在中国发明的。 The injured man weren't allowed to go home after treatment. 那个受伤的男人在接受治疗后没有获准回家。 Was he encouraged by his teacher yesterday? 他昨天被老师鼓励过吗? When was the computer invented? 电脑是什么时候发明的? （二）when引导的时间状语从句 when意为"当......时"，引导时间状语从句；从句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，表示某一时刻的动作，也可以是延续性动词，从句常用过去进行时表示某一时间段内发生的动作。 1. 主句一般过去时+从句一般过去时 I started my dinner when he left. 他走了之后，我才开始吃晚饭。 2. 主句一般过去时+从句过去进行时 The doorbell rang when I was telephoning. 门铃响的时候,我正在打电话。 3. 主句过去进行时+从句一般过去时(when强调短暂动作) I was telephoning when the doorbell rang. 当时我正在打电话，突然门铃响了。 4. 主句一般将来时+从句一般现在时(主将从现) I will speak to him when he arrives. 等他到了，我要和他说话。 （3） when, how long引导的特殊疑问句 when 用作疑问副词，意为"什么时候；何时"，用来询问事情发生的时间。 When was Lisa born? 丽萨什么时候出生的? On October 20th,1988. 在1988年10月20日。 how long ①意为"多长时间"，常用来询问时间段。常用"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"来回答。 --How long have you lived in Beijing? 你在北京住了多久? --Since 2022. 自从2022年。 ②意为"多长"，用来提问物体的长度。 --How long is the Nile? 尼罗河有多长? --It's 6,67l kilometers long. 它长6671千米。 一、完成句子。 1．The architect drew some pictures to explain the ideas for the new park. (改为被动语态) Some pictures to explain the ideas for the new park. 【答案】 were drawn 【详解】句意：建筑师画了一些图来解释新公园的设计理念。根据“drew”可知，原句是一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”；主语“Some pictures”是复数，be动词用“were”；“draw”的过去分词是“drawn”。故填were；drawn。 2．The nurse told him to rest for two days.（改为被动语态） He to rest for two days by the nurse. 【答案】 was told 【详解】句意：护士告诉他休息两天。根据“told”可知，原句使用一般过去时，因此应改为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，“tell”的过去分词是“told”。故填was；told。 3．The famous writer wrote the book especially for children. (改为被动语态) The book by the famous writer especially for children. 【答案】 was written 【详解】句意：这位著名作家专门为孩子们写了这本书。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态时，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语“The book”是单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词是written。故填was；written。 4．All the students signed a thank-you note. (改为被动语态) A thank-you note by all the students. 【答案】 was signed 【详解】句意：所有学生都在感谢信上签了名。原句是一般过去时，被动语态的结构为“was/were + 过去分词”；主语“A thank-you note”是单数，因此用was；动词“sign”的过去分词是signed。故填was；signed。 5．The students made a poster about their favourite science fiction story.（改为被动语态） A poster about their favourite science fiction story by the students. 【答案】 was made 【详解】句意：学生们制作了一张关于他们最喜欢的科幻故事的海报。根据题目要求以及空格所在句可知，本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词，句子的主语“A poster”是第三人称单数，所以用be动词was，make的过去分词为made。故填was；made。 6．这些孩子上周应邀登机，来了解飞机是如何飞行的。 Last week, the children board to learn about how the plane flies. 【答案】 were invited to 【详解】“被邀请做某事”用“be invited to do sth”，last week表明时态为一般过去时，主语children是复数，be动词用were。故填were；invited；to。 7．The animated film amazed audiences all over the world. (改为同义句) Audiences all over the world by the animated film. 【答案】 were amazed 【详解】句意：这部动画电影震撼了全世界的观众。改为同义句，应用被动语态。主语为复数，因此be动词需用“were”。谓语动词amaze的过去分词为“amazed”。故填were；amazed。 8．Artists created these lifelike characters by hand. (改为被动语态) These lifelike characters by hand by artists. 【答案】 were created 【详解】句意：艺术家们手工创造了这些栩栩如生的角色。根据“created”可知，时态是一般过去时，改为被动语态需用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were done”，主语是复数，助动词用were，动词用过去分词created。故填were；created。 9．Artists displayed the precious artworks in the new hall. (改为被动语态) The precious artworks in the new hall by artists. 【答案】 were displayed 【详解】句意：艺术家们在新展厅展示了珍贵的艺术品。句子为一般过去时，主语为复数，改为被动语态需用“were+过去分词”结构。display的过去分词形式为displayed。故填were；displayed。 10．这幅画被分成两半，经过三百年才再次一同展出。 The painting two halves and was shown together after 300 years again. 【答案】 was split into 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“被分成”。本句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，应用was+过去分词结构。split into​表示“分成……”，固定搭配，split的过去分词为split。故填was；split；into。 11．她解释说钥匙链挂在包上，这样她就不会弄丢它了。 She explained that the key chain her bag so she wouldn’t lose it. 【答案】 was attached to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表示“挂在”，用动词短语attach to，且主语the key chain与谓语是被动关系，因此用被动语态，结合“explained”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态was attached to。故填was；attached；to。 12．当我在午夜试图给他打电话时，电话没人接。 When I tried to call him at midnight, the phone . 【答案】 wasn’t picked up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“没人接”。“接电话”在英文中常用短语“pick up the phone”表达，主语the phone是动作承受者，需用被动语态，且描述过去事件，故用过去时被动式wasn’t picked up。故填wasn’t；picked；up。 13．The first computers were built in the 1940s. (对划线部分提问) the first computers built? 【答案】 When were 【详解】句意：第一批计算机是什么时候制造的？划线部分为“in the 1940s”，这里是提问时间点，用疑问词“when”来提问。原句谓语动词是“were built”，为一般过去时的被动语态。提问时，需将疑问词“When”置于句首，后接一般疑问句语序，即“were + 主语 + 过去分词”。故填When；were。 14．The typhoon destroyed hundreds of houses in the coastal city.（改为被动语态） Hundreds of houses in the coastal city by the typhoon. 【答案】 were destroyed 【详解】句意：这座沿海城市的数百座房屋被台风摧毁了。原句为一般过去时的主动语态。改为被动语态时，宾语“Hundreds of houses”变为主语，谓语动词需变为“was/were + 过去分词”；主语为复数，且动作发生在过去，因此用“were destroyed”；“by the typhoon”引出动作执行者。故填were；destroyed。 15．I chose Lily to be my assistant because of her good communication skills. (改为被动语态) Lily to be my assistant because of her good communication skills. 【答案】 was chosen 【详解】句意：我选择莉莉当我的助手是因为她良好的沟通技巧。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，主语Lily是动作的承受者，助动词用was，谓语动词chose改为过去分词chosen。故填was；chosen。 16．My father made me write. （改为被动语态） I was by my father. 【答案】 made to write 【详解】句意：我被父亲强迫写（东西）。根据要求可知，要改为被动语态，made的被动语态形式是be made to do sth.“被迫做某事”，此处放于谓语动词was之后，故填made；to；write。 17．My mother bought me a beautiful dress last week.(改为被动语态) A beautiful dress me by my mother last week. 【答案】 was bought for 【详解】句意：我妈妈上周给我买了一条漂亮的裙子。句子为一般过去时的主动语态，改为一般过去时的被动语态，主动句为buy sb. sth.“买……给某人”改为被动句，结构为sth. was/were bought for sb.“某物被买给某人”。主语为a beautiful dress“一条漂亮的裙子”，单数，需借助be动词is的过去式was；buy“买”，过去分词为bought；“给某人”用for sb.。故填was；bought；for。 18．The government transformed the abandoned parking lot into a beautiful park. (改为被动语态) The abandoned parking lot into a beautiful park by the government. 【答案】 was transformed 【详解】句意：政府把那个废弃的停车场改造成了一个美丽的公园。要求改为被动语态，其结构为be done，且句子时态为一般过去时，所以这里是一般过去时的被动语态；主语“The abandoned parking lot”为单数，be动词应用was，动词transform的过去分词为transformed。故填was；transformed。 19．My mother bought me a new dress last week.（改为被动语态） A new dress me by my mother last week. 【答案】 was bought for 【详解】句意：上周我妈妈给我买了一条新连衣裙。主动句“buy sb sth”改为被动句时，结构为“sth be bought for sb”。本句为一般过去时，主语“a new dress”是单数，用was；“buy”的过去分词为bought；“给某人”用for sb。故填was；bought；for。 20．My father bought me a new computer last week. (改为被动语态) A new computer for me by my father last week. 【答案】 was bought 【详解】句意：我爸爸上周给我买了一台新电脑。改为被动语态，原句是一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语“A new computer”是单数，用was；buy的过去分词是bought。故填was；bought。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．The little girl (inspire) by the story of the female scientist and decided to study hard. 【答案】was inspired 【详解】句意：这个小女孩被这位女科学家的故事所鼓舞，决定努力学习。inspire“鼓舞，激励”，主语The little girl与inspire是被动关系，且根据“decided”可知，时态为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。故填was inspired。 2．In the story, Gulliver’s arms and legs were (tie) to the ground by the tiny men. 【答案】tied 【详解】句意：在故事中，格列佛的手臂和腿被小人们绑在地上。tie“捆绑”，动词，根据“arms and legs”可知手臂和腿应该是被绑，此处应用被动语态结构，“be+过去分词”。故填tied。 3．The People’s Republic of China was (found) on the first of October, 1949. 【答案】founded 【详解】句意：中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。found“建立”。分析句子结构可知，主语“The People’s Republic of China”和动词“found”之间是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，其结构为be done，动词found的过去分词是founded。故填founded。 4．The SCO was (设立，成立) up in 2001. 【答案】set 【详解】句意：上海合作组织成立于2001年。句子是被动语态，“设立，成立”对应的短语是set up，被动语态结构为be + 过去分词，set的过去分词与原形一致，因此用set。故填set。 5．Our English teacher (interrupt) by the sudden loud noise yesterday morning. 【答案】was interrupted 【详解】句意：昨天早晨，我们的英语老师被突然大声的噪声打断了。根据“Our English teacher...by the sudden loud noise yesterday morning.”可知，主语“Our English teacher”与谓语“interrupt”之间为被动关系，且根据“yesterday morning”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为“our English teacher”，be动词用was，故填was interrupted。 6．Robot dogs (use) to carry things on Mount Huangshan after the May Day holiday last year. 【答案】were used 【详解】句意：去年五一假期后，机器狗被用来在黄山运送物品。use“使用”，动词；主语“Robot dogs”是动作承受者，且时间状语为“after the May Day holiday last year”，应用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词）。主语为复数，故填were used。故填were used。 7．The city’s old street signs (replace) with clearer, more modern ones last month. 【答案】were replaced 【详解】句意：这座城市的老旧街道指示牌上个月被更清晰、更现代的新指示牌取代了。replace“取代”，动词；主语“signs”是动作承受者，且时间状语为“last month”，应用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词）。主语为复数，故填were replaced。 8．The little girl (shock) when she saw the flooded streets on TV. 【答案】was shocked 【详解】句意：这个小女孩在电视上看到被洪水淹没的街道时，感到很震惊。shock“震惊”，动词/名词，句子主语the little girl是“感到震惊”的承受者，需要用被动结构be+过去分词，根据“when she saw the flooded streets on TV.”可知，句子为一般过去时，be动词用过去式was，shock的过去分词形式是shocked。故填was shocked。 9．The telephone was (invent) in 1876. 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：电话是在1876年发明的。根据“The telephone was...in 1876.”以及所给单词可知，应填invent“发明”的过去分词形式invented，和空前的“was”一起构成被动语态结构。故填invented。 10．He was p (惩罚) for not returning the book to the library on time. 【答案】punished/unished 【详解】句意：他因为没有按时把书还给图书馆而受到了惩罚。根据汉语提示“惩罚”及首字母“p”可知，动词“punish”符合语境；根据“He was”可知，此处是被动语态结构“was+动词过去分词”，表示“被惩罚”，“punish”的过去分词是“punished”，“be punished for...”是固定搭配，意为“因……而被惩罚”。故填punished。 11．Everything (cover) in ash and we were scared on that day. 【答案】was covered 【详解】句意：那一天，万物都被灰烬覆盖，我们感到十分害怕。根据“Everything ... in ash and we were scared on that day.”可知，“Everything”与“cover”之间为被动关系，且句子为一般过去时，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态。主语“Everything”为单数，be动词用was；cover“覆盖”，过去分词为covered。故填was covered。 12．Many useful things for the country were (produce) in the old factories. 【答案】produced 【详解】句意：许多对国家有用的东西是在那些老工厂里生产的。produce“生产”是动词。主语“things”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”。故填produced。 13．We were all (shock) by the terrible accident yesterday. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：我们都被昨天那场可怕的事故震惊了。shock“使震惊”是动词。主语“We”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”。故填shocked。 14．The meeting (hold) in early March. It attracted worldwide attention. 【答案】was held 【详解】句意：会议在三月上旬举行。它引起了全球关注。此处表示“会议被举行”，应该使用被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，句子是一般过去时，主语The meeting是单数名词，be动词用was，hold的过去分词是held。故填was held。 15．This book (write) by a famous writer in 2023. It’s very popular now. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这本书是由一位著名作家在2023年写的，它现在非常受欢迎。write“写”，动词，此处主语“this book”和动词“write”之间是被动关系，结合“in 2023”可知，此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是第三人称单数，be动词使用was。故填was written。 16．Her backpack was s while she was shopping at the market. Now she is in the police station. 【答案】stolen/tolen 【详解】句意：她在市场购物时背包被偷了。现在她在警察局。根据“Now she is in the police station.”及首字母可知，是指她的背包被偷了，用被动语态，空处用过去分词stolen“偷”，与was构成被动结构。故填stolen。 17．The novel which (write) by Mo Yan is widely read. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：莫言所著的这部小说被广泛阅读。write“写作，编写，书写”，动词，且主语“The novel”为第三人称单数概念，与谓语动词“write”之间为被动关系，且该小说创作时间发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done sth.”，be动词应用was，write的过去分词形式为written。故填was written。 18．It snowed last Saturday in our city and the ground (cover) by snow on that day. 【答案】was covered 【详解】句意：上周六我们城市下雪了，那天地面被雪覆盖了。根据“the ground…by snow”可知，此处为被动语态，结构为be+过去分词；结合时间状语last Saturday，用一般过去时，主语the ground是单数，be动词用was，cover的过去分词为covered，符合语境及语法要求。故填was covered。 19．The students didn’t understand the question until it (explain) again. 【答案】was explained 【详解】句意：直到问题被再次解释后，学生们才理解这个问题。it指代前面的“the question”，“the question”与谓语动词“explain”构成被动关系，“until”引导的时间状语从句需与主句保持时态一致。根据“didn’t understand”可知，主句时态为一般过去时，所以从句需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was explained。 20．Our team by Class 3 yesterday. (beat) 【答案】was beaten 【详解】句意：昨天我们队被三班击败了。本句描述发生在昨天的动作，且主语“Our team”是动作“beat”的承受者，需用被动语态，时态为一般过去时。故填was beaten。 三、单项选择 1．Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A．interviewed B．was interviewed C．were interviewed D．is interviewed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医疗专家组组长张医生上周接受了中央电视台的采访。 考查被动语态。主语Doctor Zhang与动词interview是被动关系，动作发生在过去（last week），需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，且主语是单数，be动词用was。故选B。 2．The plan ________ at the meeting yesterday and everyone agreed. A．were discussed B．was discussed C．discussed D．have discussed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个计划在昨天的会议上被讨论了，并且每个人都同意了。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。were discussed被讨论；was discussed被讨论；discussed讨论；have discussed已经讨论。主语“The plan”是单数，并且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，同时时间状语“yesterday”表明用一般过去时，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态，且为单数形式。故选B。 3．Four little mice ________ into space on the Shenzhou-21 spaceship in 2025. A．took B．take C．were taken D．are taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2025年，四只小老鼠被神舟二十一号飞船带入太空。 考查动词时态和语态。took携带，过去式；take携带，原形；were taken被携带，一般过去时的被动语态；are taken被携带，一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in 2025”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时；主语“Four little mice”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态。故选C。 4．The animated film was ________ classic Chinese stories, so it was full of traditional culture. A．based on B．come to C．made of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部动画电影是根据中国经典故事改编的，所以它充满了传统文化。 考查动词短语辨析。based on基于，根据；come to苏醒，到达；made of由……制成。根据“so it was full of traditional culture.”可知，此处是在描述动画电影是根据中国经典故事改编的，所以应该用based on，表示“基于，根据”。故选A。 5．This cultural site ________ the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. A．added to B．was added to C．is added to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个文化遗址在2000年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。 考查被动语态。主语This cultural site与动词add to之间是被动关系（遗址被列入名录），且时间状语in 2000表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 6．The paper-cut artist ________ a poor family, but he learned the skill from his grandma. A．born into B．was born into C．is born into 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位剪纸艺术家出生在一个贫困家庭，但他从奶奶那里学会了这门技艺。 考查动词时态和语态。根据句意，艺术家“出生在贫困家庭”是过去发生的动作，且“出生”需用被动语态（be born into），因此应使用一般过去时。故选B。 7．This artwork was ________ a famous artist of the Ming dynasty, so it has high value. A．painted by B．painting C．paint 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这件艺术品是由一位明朝著名画家绘制的，因此它具有很高的价值。 考查被动语态。主语“This artwork”与动词“paint”之间是被动关系，且空格后接“a famous artist”，需用被动语态“was painted by”表示“被……所绘”。故选A。 8．The ancient mural ________ sand and bad weather, so it needs urgent repair. A．damaged by B．was damaged by C．is damaging by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这幅古老的壁画被沙子和恶劣天气损坏了，因此急需修复。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。damage毁坏，是谓语动词，根据“The ancient mural”和“damage”可知，主语和谓语为被动关系，应用被动语态，而由语境可知，该句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”，故选B。 9．—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t invited D．didn’t invite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去参加杰克的生日派对了吗？——没有，我没有被邀请。 考查被动语态。am not invited未被邀请，一般现在时被动；wasn’t invited未被邀请，一般过去时被动；haven’t invited没有邀请，现在完成时主动；didn’t invite没有邀请，一般过去时主动。根据问句“Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?”可知，对话谈论的是过去的事情，且“我”与“邀请”之间是被动关系 (我被邀请)，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 10．—You are unusually quiet, Jack. What’s the matter? —I ________ by Mum just now. A．am punished B．was punishing C．was punished D．punished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，你异常安静。怎么了？——我刚才被妈妈惩罚了。 考查被动语态。am punished被惩罚，一般现在时；was punishing正在惩罚，过去进行时；was punished被惩罚，一般过去时被动语态；punished惩罚，一般过去时主动语态。根据“just now”可知动作发生在过去，且主语“I”与“惩罚”之间为被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 11．—The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where ________ the photo ________? —In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty. A．did; take B．was; taken C．does; take D．are; taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——照片里的树看起来太美了。这张照片是在哪里拍的？——在我的家乡。那是一个自然风光优美的地方。 考查被动语态。did; take一般过去时的主动语态；was; taken一般过去时的被动语态；does; take一般现在时的主动语态；are; taken一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Where…the photo…?”可知，照片是被拍摄，且拍摄这个动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 12．There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ________ to cut down his speech to 20 minutes. A．told B．was told C．was telling D．is told 【答案】B 【详解】句意：会议剩下的时间不多了，所以机器人博士被告知将他的演讲缩短到20分钟。 考查被动语态。told告诉；was told被告知，一般过去时被动语态；was telling正在告诉；is told被告诉，一般现在时被动语态。根据句意，机器人博士是“被告诉”要缩短演讲，且前句“There was little time left”为一般过去时，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）。故选B。 13．The poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work in the end. She couldn’t believe her ears. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个可怜的女人被告知公司最终负担不起她的工作报酬。她不敢相信自己的耳朵。 考查被动语态和动词短语。根据“She couldn’t believe her ears.”可知，第一个空表示这位女士被告知，应使用被动语态was told；afford to do sth.意为“负担得起做某事”，第二个空用动词不定式，pay for意为“支付……的报酬”。故选D。 14．—Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday? —Because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来参加他的生日派对？——因为我没被邀请。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday?”可知，句子主语“I”和“invite”是被动关系，且时间是“yesterday”，用一般过去时的被动语态“wasn’t invited”。故选C。 15．—Do you know ________ in China? —On November 26, 2025. A．when was Zootopia 2 shown B．when will Zootopia 2 be shown C．when Zootopia 2 was shown D．when Zootopia 2 will be shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道《疯狂动物城2》在中国什么时候上映吗？——2025年11月26日。 考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据答句“On November 26, 2025”可知，电影上映时间在过去，因此从句需用一般过去时；且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选C。 16．The decorations ________ in the classroom for the New Year party just now. A．hang B．will hang C．were hung D．will be hung 【答案】C 【详解】句意：装饰品刚才为新年晚会挂在了教室里。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。hang悬挂，动词原形；will hang将悬挂，一般将来时主动语态；were hung被悬挂，一般过去时的被动语态；will be hung将被悬挂，一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“just now”，可知动作发生在过去。主语“The decorations”是动作“hang”的承受者，应用被动语态。故选C。 17．It was several hours before the road ________ after the accident. A．cleared B．was cleared C．has cleared D．has been cleared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：事故发生后过了几个小时，道路才被清理干净。 考查动词时态和语态。主语road与动词clear之间是被动关系，道路是被清理，需用被动语态be done；且“It was several hours before...”为一般过去时结构，从句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时被动语态。故选B。 18．A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year. A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年，汶川建了许多新房子。 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语“A number of new houses”与“build”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；a number of+复数名词作主语时，故谓语动词用复数，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 19．Tom and his sister ________ to the party last Saturday. They had a great time. A．invited B．have invited C．were invited D．have been invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆和他的妹妹上周六被邀请参加了聚会。他们玩得很开心。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。invited邀请，主动语态的过去式；have invited已经邀请，主动语态的现在完成时；were invited被邀请，被动语态的一般过去时；have been invited已经被邀请，被动语态的现在完成时。根据时间状语“last Saturday”可知，动作发生在过去。主语“Tom and his sister”是动作“invite”的承受者，应用被动语态。故选C。 20．Eighty percent of the trees ________ planted last year. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】句意：百分之八十的树去年被种植。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“last year”可知，此句是一般过去时；“trees”和“plant”之间存在被动关系，表示“树是被种的”，因此用被动语态“be done”的形式，主语是可数名词复数，即用were planted。故选D。 题型一 语法选择 In street food culture, there’s a special vendor called “Chicken Chop Brother”. He sells chicken chops for only 6 yuan, but brings much 1 to people. When making them, he’s really 2 —“If I don’t fry them well, I can’t forgive myself.” Students love him. He gives a 1-yuan 3 . But after 12:00, the price rises by 1 yuan. He has strict 4 . Once, a netizen almost got refused for breaking the stall’s “rules”. He’s good at interacting. One day’s absence will make students 5 him: “Why didn’t you come?” Some kids even get angry. They must 6 to meet the next day. His stall is now popular online. Many go there not for food but to “add chaos!” Now it’s always 7 with people. Even his wife comes to help. Chicken Chop Brother shows a small business can bring joy and warm 8 . He takes work seriously and loves it—that’s why he’s loved by us. His regular customers, especially students, will feel 9 if he’s absent. It is a story that tells us: passion and responsibility make ordinary things 10 . Success isn’t just about money. It’s about how much happiness we can 11 for others. Next time you pass a street stall, try to learn its stories. You’ll find 12 there. No matter how small your dream is, put your heart into it. You can be a “Zhuliren” in your 13 . Let his story 14 you that love for life and work shines. And that shine can light up the world, making it more 15 . 1．A．trouble B．stress C．joy D．fear 2．A．lazy B．strict C．careless D．humorous 3．A．gift B．lesson C．prize D．discount 4．A．rules B．dreams C．opinions D．secrets 5．A．forget B．question C．miss D．follow 6．A．promise B．refuse C．learn D．wait 7．A．compared B．filled C．covered D．started 8．A．traditions B．problems C．competitions D．memories 9．A．bored B．worried C．excited D．relaxed 10．A．boring B．common C．special D．expensive 11．A．return B．provide C．send D．lend 12．A．sadness B．anger C．pride D．surprise 13．A．family B．life C．study D．work 14．A．warn B．teach C．remind D．advise 15．A．wonderful B．peaceful C．powerful D．careful 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了“鸡排哥”的街头小吃摊故事，展现了“鸡排哥”的热情、责任感以及为他人带来的快乐和温暖。 1．句意：他的鸡排只卖6元，却给人们带来了许多快乐。 trouble麻烦；stress压力；joy喜悦；fear恐惧。根据下文“Chicken Chop Brother shows a small business can bring joy and...”可知，“鸡排哥”带来了很多快乐。故选C。 2．句意：制作鸡排时，他非常认真——“如果没炸好，我就不能原谅自己。” lazy懒惰的；strict严格的；careless粗心的；humorous幽默的。根据“If I don’t fry them well, I can’t forgive myself.”可知，“鸡排哥”对炸鸡排的要求很高，说明他是严格的。故选B。 3．句意：他提供1元的折扣。 gift礼物；lesson课程；prize奖品；discount折扣。根据“He gives a 1-yuan ... But after 12:00, the price rises by 1 yuan.”可知，“鸡排哥”会给学生们打1元的折扣，12点后，价格会上涨1元。故选D。 4．句意：他制定了严格的规则。 rules规则；dreams梦想；opinions观点；secrets秘密。根据“Once, a netizen almost got refused for breaking the stall’s ‘rules’”可知，曾经有网民因为打破规则而差点被拒绝买鸡排，说明“鸡排哥”制定了严格的规则。故选A。 5．句意：只要有一天没来，学生们就会想念他。 forget忘记；question询问；miss想念；follow跟随。根据上文“Students love him.”可知，学生们很喜欢“鸡排哥”，如果他没来，学生们就会想念他。故选C。 6．句意：他们必须承诺第二天见面。 promise承诺；refuse拒绝；learn学习；wait等待。根据上文以及“Some kids even get angry. They must ... to meet the next day.”可知，学生们见不到“鸡排哥”，甚至会生气，所以他们要承诺第二天会见面。故选A。 7．句意：现在那里总是挤满了人。 compared比较；filled充满；covered覆盖；started开始。根据“Even his wife comes to help.”可知，很多人来买鸡排，be filled with意为“充满”，固定搭配。故选B。 8．句意：“鸡排哥”的故事表明，小生意也能带来快乐和温暖的回忆。 traditions传统；problems问题；competitions竞争；memories回忆。根据“Students love him.”以及“Chicken Chop Brother shows a small business can bring joy and warm...”可知，学生们很喜欢“鸡排哥”，“鸡排哥”给他们带来了快乐，这些都属于美好的回忆。故选D。 9．句意：如果他不来，他的老顾客，尤其是学生们，会感到担心。 bored无聊的；worried担忧的；excited兴奋的；relaxed放松的。根据“He takes work seriously and loves it—that’s why he’s loved by us.”可知，学生们很喜欢“鸡排哥”，如果见不到他，他们会担心。故选B。   10．句意：这个故事告诉我们：热情和责任感能让平凡的事物变得特别。 boring令人无聊的；common常见的；special特别的；expensive昂贵的。根据上文以及“passion and responsibility make ordinary things”可知，此处强调热情和责任感会让平凡的事变得特别。故选C。 11．句意：成功在于我们能为他人提供多少幸福。 return返回；provide提供；send发送；lend借出。根据“Success isn’t just about money. It’s about how much happiness we can ... for others.”可知，成功不只是挣钱，它与给别人提供多少幸福有关。provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”，固定搭配。故选B。 12．句意：你会在那里发现惊喜。 sadness悲伤；anger愤怒；pride骄傲；surprise惊喜。根据“It’s about how much happiness we can ... Next time you pass a street stall, try to learn its stories. You’ll find...”可知，由于“鸡排哥”给人们带来了快乐和温暖的回忆，下次经过路边小摊时，试着去了解一下它的故事，你会发现惊喜。故选D。 13．句意：你可以在自己的工作中成为一名“主理人”。 family家庭；life生命；study学习；work工作。根据“No matter how small your dream is, put your heart into it. You can...”可知，不管你的梦想有多小，只要你用心，你可以在自己的工作中成为一名“主理人”。故选D。 14．句意：让他的故事提醒你：对生活和工作的热爱会闪耀。 warn警告；teach教；remind提醒；advise建议。根据“Let his story ... you that love for life and work shines.”可知，“鸡排哥”的故事提醒我们要对生活和工作充满热爱。故选C。 15．句意：且那光芒能照亮世界，让世界变得更加美好。 wonderful精彩的；peaceful和平的；powerful强大的；careful小心的。根据“And that shine can light up the world, making it more...”可知，照亮世界的光芒会让世界更美好。故选A。 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories by Charles Dickens. Set in the 1 (nineteen) century, it is about a boy called Oliver who finds himself alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has 2 empty stomach. One day, he asks for more food and gets into a lot of trouble! Later, Oliver runs away to London. There, he meets some boys 3 steal money and other things. They teach Oliver to steal 4 (value) things too, though Oliver doesn’t want to. After many 5 (difficulty), Oliver is taken home by a kind old man. Later, he discovers that kind old man is 6 (actual) a relative of his, and he goes to live 7 him in the city. There 8 (be) many reasons why Oliver Twist is such a popular story. There is a lot of action in the book and it is very humorous. The writer was also very good at 9 (write) about the everyday lives of poor children in London in that century. His book has made people 10 (care) more about the problems of poor children. 【答案】 1．nineteenth 2．an 3．who/that 4．valuable 5．difficulties 6．actually 7．with 8．are 9．writing 10．care 【导语】本文介绍了狄更斯的名著《雾都孤儿》。故事设定在19世纪，讲述了孤儿奥利弗的坎坷经历，最终与亲人团聚；同时分析了这部作品受欢迎的原因。 1．句意：故事设定在19世纪，讲述了一个名叫奥利弗的男孩在世上孤身一人的经历。表示“第十九世纪”需用序数词，基数词nineteen的序数词形式是nineteenth。故填nineteenth。 2．句意：他住在穷人收容所里，总是饿着肚子。根据“empty stomach”可知，此处是泛指“一个空肚子”，且empty以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．句意：在那里，他遇到了一些偷钱和其他物品的男孩。此处是定语从句，先行词boys指人，在从句中作主语，关系词用who或that。故填who/that。 4．句意：他们也教奥利弗偷有价值的东西，尽管奥利弗并不愿意。此处修饰名词things，需用形容词；value对应的形容词的是valuable“有价值的”，故填valuable。 5．句意：经历了许多困难后，一位善良的老人把奥利弗带回了家。many后接可数名词复数，difficulty的复数形式是difficulties。故填difficulties。 6．句意：后来，他发现这位善良的老人实际上是他的亲戚。此处修饰动词is，需用副词；actual的副词形式是actually。故填actually。 7．句意：之后他搬去和这位老人一起住在城里。live with sb.表示“和某人一起居住”。故填with。 8．句意：《雾都孤儿》如此受欢迎有很多原因。根据“There...many reasons”可知，这是there be句型，主语many reasons为复数，时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用are。故填are。 9．句意：作者也很擅长描写那个世纪伦敦贫困儿童的日常生活。根据“was very good at...”可知，介词at后接动名词形式，be good at doing sth.表示“擅长做某事”，write的动名词形式是writing。故填writing。 10．句意：他的书让人们更关心贫困儿童的问题。根据“made people...more about…”可知，此处是make sb. do sth.表示“使某人做某事”，动词用原形。故填care。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 When was he born? 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态、when和how long引导的特殊疑问句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、完成句子 2 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 4 三、单项选择 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语法选择 6 题型二 语法填空 8 （一）一般过去时的被动语态 1. 被动语态的含义 被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。 2.一般过去时的被动语态的构成为"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"，其句式结构如下: 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Printing was invented in China. 印刷术是在中国发明的。 The injured man weren't allowed to go home after treatment. 那个受伤的男人在接受治疗后没有获准回家。 Was he encouraged by his teacher yesterday? 他昨天被老师鼓励过吗? When was the computer invented? 电脑是什么时候发明的? （二）when引导的时间状语从句 when意为"当......时"，引导时间状语从句；从句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，表示某一时刻的动作，也可以是延续性动词，从句常用过去进行时表示某一时间段内发生的动作。 1. 主句一般过去时+从句一般过去时 I started my dinner when he left. 他走了之后，我才开始吃晚饭。 2. 主句一般过去时+从句过去进行时 The doorbell rang when I was telephoning. 门铃响的时候,我正在打电话。 3. 主句过去进行时+从句一般过去时(when强调短暂动作) I was telephoning when the doorbell rang. 当时我正在打电话，突然门铃响了。 4. 主句一般将来时+从句一般现在时(主将从现) I will speak to him when he arrives. 等他到了，我要和他说话。 （3） when, how long引导的特殊疑问句 when 用作疑问副词，意为"什么时候；何时"，用来询问事情发生的时间。 When was Lisa born? 丽萨什么时候出生的? On October 20th,1988. 在1988年10月20日。 how long ①意为"多长时间"，常用来询问时间段。常用"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"来回答。 --How long have you lived in Beijing? 你在北京住了多久? --Since 2022. 自从2022年。 ②意为"多长"，用来提问物体的长度。 --How long is the Nile? 尼罗河有多长? --It's 6,67l kilometers long. 它长6671千米。 一、完成句子。 1．The architect drew some pictures to explain the ideas for the new park. (改为被动语态) Some pictures to explain the ideas for the new park. 2．The nurse told him to rest for two days.（改为被动语态） He to rest for two days by the nurse. 3．The famous writer wrote the book especially for children. (改为被动语态) The book by the famous writer especially for children. 4．All the students signed a thank-you note. (改为被动语态) A thank-you note by all the students. 5．The students made a poster about their favourite science fiction story.（改为被动语态） A poster about their favourite science fiction story by the students. 6．这些孩子上周应邀登机，来了解飞机是如何飞行的。 Last week, the children board to learn about how the plane flies. 7．The animated film amazed audiences all over the world. (改为同义句) Audiences all over the world by the animated film. 8．Artists created these lifelike characters by hand. (改为被动语态) These lifelike characters by hand by artists. 9．Artists displayed the precious artworks in the new hall. (改为被动语态) The precious artworks in the new hall by artists. 10．这幅画被分成两半，经过三百年才再次一同展出。 The painting two halves and was shown together after 300 years again. 11．她解释说钥匙链挂在包上，这样她就不会弄丢它了。 She explained that the key chain her bag so she wouldn’t lose it. 12．当我在午夜试图给他打电话时，电话没人接。 When I tried to call him at midnight, the phone . 13．The first computers were built in the 1940s. (对划线部分提问) the first computers built? 14．The typhoon destroyed hundreds of houses in the coastal city.（改为被动语态） Hundreds of houses in the coastal city by the typhoon. 15．I chose Lily to be my assistant because of her good communication skills. (改为被动语态) Lily to be my assistant because of her good communication skills. 16．My father made me write. （改为被动语态） I was by my father. 17．My mother bought me a beautiful dress last week.(改为被动语态) A beautiful dress me by my mother last week. 18．The government transformed the abandoned parking lot into a beautiful park. (改为被动语态) The abandoned parking lot into a beautiful park by the government. 19．My mother bought me a new dress last week.（改为被动语态） A new dress me by my mother last week. 20．My father bought me a new computer last week. (改为被动语态) A new computer for me by my father last week. 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．The little girl (inspire) by the story of the female scientist and decided to study hard. 2．In the story, Gulliver’s arms and legs were (tie) to the ground by the tiny men. 3．The People’s Republic of China was (found) on the first of October, 1949. 4．The SCO was (设立，成立) up in 2001. 5．Our English teacher (interrupt) by the sudden loud noise yesterday morning. 6．Robot dogs (use) to carry things on Mount Huangshan after the May Day holiday last year. 7．The city’s old street signs (replace) with clearer, more modern ones last month. 8．The little girl (shock) when she saw the flooded streets on TV. 9．The telephone was (invent) in 1876. 10．He was p (惩罚) for not returning the book to the library on time. 11．Everything (cover) in ash and we were scared on that day. 12．Many useful things for the country were (produce) in the old factories. 13．We were all (shock) by the terrible accident yesterday. 14．The meeting (hold) in early March. It attracted worldwide attention. 15．This book (write) by a famous writer in 2023. It’s very popular now. 16．Her backpack was s while she was shopping at the market. Now she is in the police station. 17．The novel which (write) by Mo Yan is widely read. 18．It snowed last Saturday in our city and the ground (cover) by snow on that day. 19．The students didn’t understand the question until it (explain) again. 20．Our team by Class 3 yesterday. (beat) 三、单项选择 1．Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A．interviewed B．was interviewed C．were interviewed D．is interviewed 2．The plan ________ at the meeting yesterday and everyone agreed. A．were discussed B．was discussed C．discussed D．have discussed 3．Four little mice ________ into space on the Shenzhou-21 spaceship in 2025. A．took B．take C．were taken D．are taken 4．The animated film was ________ classic Chinese stories, so it was full of traditional culture. A．based on B．come to C．made of 5．This cultural site ________ the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. A．added to B．was added to C．is added to 6．The paper-cut artist ________ a poor family, but he learned the skill from his grandma. A．born into B．was born into C．is born into 7．This artwork was ________ a famous artist of the Ming dynasty, so it has high value. A．painted by B．painting C．paint 8．The ancient mural ________ sand and bad weather, so it needs urgent repair. A．damaged by B．was damaged by C．is damaging by 9．—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ________. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t invited D．didn’t invite 10．—You are unusually quiet, Jack. What’s the matter? —I ________ by Mum just now. A．am punished B．was punishing C．was punished D．punished 11．—The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where ________ the photo ________? —In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty. A．did; take B．was; taken C．does; take D．are; taken 12．There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ________ to cut down his speech to 20 minutes. A．told B．was told C．was telling D．is told 13．The poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work in the end. She couldn’t believe her ears. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 14．—Why didn’t you come to his birthday party yesterday? —Because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 15．—Do you know ________ in China? —On November 26, 2025. A．when was Zootopia 2 shown B．when will Zootopia 2 be shown C．when Zootopia 2 was shown D．when Zootopia 2 will be shown 16．The decorations ________ in the classroom for the New Year party just now. A．hang B．will hang C．were hung D．will be hung 17．It was several hours before the road ________ after the accident. A．cleared B．was cleared C．has cleared D．has been cleared 18．A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year. A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built 19．Tom and his sister ________ to the party last Saturday. They had a great time. A．invited B．have invited C．were invited D．have been invited 20．Eighty percent of the trees ________ planted last year. A．is B．are C．was D．were 题型一 语法选择 In street food culture, there’s a special vendor called “Chicken Chop Brother”. He sells chicken chops for only 6 yuan, but brings much 1 to people. When making them, he’s really 2 —“If I don’t fry them well, I can’t forgive myself.” Students love him. He gives a 1-yuan 3 . But after 12:00, the price rises by 1 yuan. He has strict 4 . Once, a netizen almost got refused for breaking the stall’s “rules”. He’s good at interacting. One day’s absence will make students 5 him: “Why didn’t you come?” Some kids even get angry. They must 6 to meet the next day. His stall is now popular online. Many go there not for food but to “add chaos!” Now it’s always 7 with people. Even his wife comes to help. Chicken Chop Brother shows a small business can bring joy and warm 8 . He takes work seriously and loves it—that’s why he’s loved by us. His regular customers, especially students, will feel 9 if he’s absent. It is a story that tells us: passion and responsibility make ordinary things 10 . Success isn’t just about money. It’s about how much happiness we can 11 for others. Next time you pass a street stall, try to learn its stories. You’ll find 12 there. No matter how small your dream is, put your heart into it. You can be a “Zhuliren” in your 13 . Let his story 14 you that love for life and work shines. And that shine can light up the world, making it more 15 . 1．A．trouble B．stress C．joy D．fear 2．A．lazy B．strict C．careless D．humorous 3．A．gift B．lesson C．prize D．discount 4．A．rules B．dreams C．opinions D．secrets 5．A．forget B．question C．miss D．follow 6．A．promise B．refuse C．learn D．wait 7．A．compared B．filled C．covered D．started 8．A．traditions B．problems C．competitions D．memories 9．A．bored B．worried C．excited D．relaxed 10．A．boring B．common C．special D．expensive 11．A．return B．provide C．send D．lend 12．A．sadness B．anger C．pride D．surprise 13．A．family B．life C．study D．work 14．A．warn B．teach C．remind D．advise 15．A．wonderful B．peaceful C．powerful D．careful 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories by Charles Dickens. Set in the 1 (nineteen) century, it is about a boy called Oliver who finds himself alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has 2 empty stomach. One day, he asks for more food and gets into a lot of trouble! Later, Oliver runs away to London. There, he meets some boys 3 steal money and other things. They teach Oliver to steal 4 (value) things too, though Oliver doesn’t want to. After many 5 (difficulty), Oliver is taken home by a kind old man. Later, he discovers that kind old man is 6 (actual) a relative of his, and he goes to live 7 him in the city. There 8 (be) many reasons why Oliver Twist is such a popular story. There is a lot of action in the book and it is very humorous. The writer was also very good at 9 (write) about the everyday lives of poor children in London in that century. His book has made people 10 (care) more about the problems of poor children. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $