内容正文:
沪教牛津版八年级下册 Unit 4 单词表
教师备课材料
1. master
词性:动词 / 名词
词义:v. 精通,掌握; n. 主人,大师
近义词:v. grasp, acquire; n. expert
反义词:v. struggle with; n. amateur (业余爱好者)
词性转换:mastery (n.) 掌握,精通
固定搭配:master a skill/the language
例句:It takes years of practice to master a new language. (掌握一门新语言需要数年练习。)
2. masterpiece
词性:名词
词义:杰作,代表作
近义词:masterwork, classic work
反义词:badly made work, failure
词性转换:无常用转换,但可联系 artist (n.) 艺术家
固定搭配:create/paint a masterpiece
例句:Many consider "Mona Lisa" to be Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. (许多人认为《蒙娜丽莎》是达芬奇的杰作。)
3. whenever
词性:连词
词义:无论何时;每当……的时候
近义词:no matter when, every time that
反义词:never, only when (仅在……时)
词性转换:when (adv.) 何时
固定搭配:whenever possible (只要可能)
例句:You can call me whenever you need help. (你任何时候需要帮助都可以给我打电话。)
4. alone
词性:形容词 / 副词
词义:adj. 单独的,独自的; adv. 单独地,独自地
近义词:adj. lonely (情感上孤独), single; adv. by oneself
反义词:adj. together, accompanied (有人陪伴的)
词性转换:loneliness (n.) 孤独
固定搭配:leave sb alone (别打扰某人); live alone (独自生活)
例句:
She likes to take long walks alone. (adv.) (她喜欢独自长距离散步。)
I felt very alone in the big city. (adj.) (在这个大城市里我感到很孤独。)
5. copy
词性:名词 / 动词
词义:n. 复制品,一份; v. 复制,复印,抄袭
近义词:v. imitate, reproduce
反义词:n. original (原作); v. create (创造)
词性转换:copier (n.) 复印机; copyright (n.) 版权
固定搭配:make a copy (复印一份); copy down (记下来); copy from sb (抄袭某人)
例句:Please copy this file and send a copy to the teacher. (请复制这份文件并发一份副本给老师。)
6. damage
词性:名词 / 动词
词义:n./v. 损坏,损害
近义词:harm, ruin, destroy (v.)
反义词:repair (v.), benefit (n./v.)
词性转换:damaging (adj.) 有害的
固定搭配:do/cause damage to… (对……造成损害)
例句:The storm caused serious damage to the village. (暴风雨对村庄造成了严重损害。)
7. separate
词性:形容词 / 动词 (注意:形容词发音 /ˈsepərət/, 动词发音 /ˈsepəreɪt/)
词义:adj. 分开的,单独的; v. 分开,分离
近义词:adj. different, individual; v. divide, split
反义词:adj. connected, together; v. join, combine
词性转换:separation (n.) 分离; separately (adv.) 分开地
固定搭配:separate… from… (把……和……分开); separate room (单独的房间)
例句:
They have separate bedrooms. (adj.) (他们有各自独立的卧室。)
Separate the egg white from the yolk. (v.) (把蛋清和蛋黄分开。)
8. exhibition
词性:名词
词义:展览,展览会
近义词:show, display
词性转换:exhibit (v.) 展出; (n.) 展品
固定搭配:on exhibition (在展出中); hold an exhibition (举办展览)
例句:We visited an art exhibition at the museum last weekend. (上周末我们去博物馆参观了一个艺术展。)
9. lifestyle
词性:名词
词义:生活方式
近义词:way of life
固定搭配:healthy/active lifestyle (健康/积极的生活方式); change one's lifestyle
例句:Eating more vegetables is part of a healthy lifestyle. (多吃蔬菜是健康生活方式的一部分。)
10. detail
词性:名词
词义:细节;详情
近义词:particular, specific point
反义词:overview, general idea (概览)
词性转换:detailed (adj.) 详细的
固定搭配:in detail (详细地); pay attention to detail (注重细节)
例句:The police asked him to describe the accident in detail. (警察让他详细描述事故经过。)
11. require
词性:动词
词义:需要,要求
近义词:need, demand
反义词:forgo (放弃),免除
词性转换:requirement (n.) 要求,必要条件
固定搭配:require sb to do sth (要求某人做某事); require attention/effort (需要关注/努力)
例句:The school requires all students to wear uniforms. (学校要求所有学生穿校服。)
12. daughter
词性:名词
词义:女儿
近义词:child, offspring (孩子,后代)
反义词:son (儿子)
词性转换:无
固定搭配:only daughter (独生女)
例句:Mr. Smith is very proud of his daughter. (史密斯先生为他的女儿感到非常自豪。)
13. priceless
词性:形容词
词义:无价的,极其珍贵的
近义词:invaluable, precious
反义词:worthless (一文不值的), cheap (廉价的)
固定搭配:priceless treasure/experience (无价的珍宝/经历)
例句:True friendship is priceless. (真正的友谊是无价的。)
14. sculpture
词性:名词
词义:雕塑
近义词:statue (雕像,特指人像或动物像)
词性转换:sculpt (v.) 雕刻; sculptor (n.) 雕塑家
固定搭配:clay/stone sculpture (泥塑/石雕)
例句:The park is famous for its beautiful ice sculptures in winter. (这个公园以冬季美丽的冰雕闻名。)
15. unfortunately
词性:副词
词义:不幸地,遗憾地
近义词:regrettably, sadly
反义词:fortunately, luckily
词性转换:unfortunate (adj.) 不幸的; fortune (n.) 运气
固定搭配:常用于句首,修饰整个句子。
例句:Unfortunately, the concert was cancelled due to the rain. (遗憾的是,音乐会因为下雨取消了。)
16. graduate
词性:动词 / 名词
词义:v. 毕业; n. 毕业生
近义词:v. complete studies; n. alum (alumnus/alumna)
反义词:v. drop out (辍学)
词性转换:graduation (n.) 毕业
固定搭配:graduate from… (从……毕业); high school/college graduate (高中/大学毕业生)
例句:She will graduate from university next year. (她明年将从大学毕业。)
17. limit
词性:名词 / 动词
词义:n. 限制,限度; v. 限制,限定
近义词:control
反义词:n./v. freedom; v. encourage (鼓励,不限制)
词性转换:limited (adj.) 有限的; limitation (n.) 局限性
固定搭配:time/speed limit (时间/速度限制); limit… to… (把……限制在……范围内)
例句:Parents should limit their children's screen time to two hours a day. (家长应将孩子看屏幕的时间限制在每天两小时。)
18. temperature
词性:名词
词义:温度;体温
近义词:heat level
词性转换:无常用动词形式
固定搭配:take one's temperature (量体温); room/body temperature (室温/体温)
例句:The temperature dropped to zero last night. (昨晚气温降到了零度。)
19. preserve
词性:动词
词义:保护;保存;保藏(食物等)
近义词:protect, conserve, maintain
反义词:destroy, ruin, neglect (忽视)
词性转换:preservation (n.) 保护,保存; preservative (n.) 防腐剂
固定搭配:preserve… from… (保护……免受……); preserve nature/tradition (保护自然/传统)
例句:We must do more to preserve the environment for future generations. (我们必须做更多来为子孙后代保护环境。)
20. in one sitting
词义:一口气(完成),一次连续(做完)(通常指阅读、吃东西或做某件耗时的事)
近义表达:at one go, without stopping
反义表达:in parts, over several times
例句:This book is so interesting that I read it in one sitting. (这本书太有趣了,我一口气读完了。)
21. in the mood
词义:有心情(做某事)
固定搭配:be in the mood for sth./to do sth.; 否定:be not in the mood
近义表达:feel like doing sth.
反义表达:be unwilling to do sth.
例句:I'm in the mood for a movie tonight. (我今晚想去看场电影。)
22. pass along
词义:传递;转告(消息等)
近义表达:pass on, relay, tell
反义表达:keep to oneself (保密)
例句:Could you pass along this message to Tom? (你能把这个口信转告给汤姆吗?)
23. be at one with...
词义:与……和谐一致;融为一体(常与自然、环境连用)
近义表达:be in harmony with
反义表达:be against, be in conflict with
例句:When I'm hiking in the mountains, I feel at one with nature. (当我在山中徒步时,我感到与大自然融为一体。)
24. next to
词义:
1. 紧挨着,在……旁边 (prep.)
2. 几乎,差不多 (adv.)
近义表达:
1. beside, adjacent to
2. almost, nearly
例句:
1. The bank is next to the post office. (银行在邮局旁边。)
2. It's next to impossible to finish this work in one day. (在一天内完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。)
25. at last
词义:终于,最终
近义表达:finally, in the end, eventually
反义表达:at first (起初)
例句:At last, the bus arrived after we waited for an hour. (等了一个小时后,公交车终于来了。)
26. all walks of life
词义:各行各业,各界人士
近义表达:people from every profession/background
例句:The charity event attracted people from all walks of life. (这次慈善活动吸引了社会各界人士。)
27. all the time
词义:一直,始终
近义表达:always, constantly
反义表达:sometimes, occasionally (偶尔)
例句:The Internet is changing all the time. (互联网一直在变化。)
28. make up one's mind
词义:下定决心
固定搭配:make up one's mind to do sth./about sth.
近义表达:decide, determine
反义表达:hesitate (犹豫), be undecided
例句:He finally made up his mind to study abroad. (他终于下定决心出国留学。)
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