专项7 介词和介词短语（精讲册）-【考出好成绩】2026年山东新中考英语单元分层练习课件PPT（外研版）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“介词和介词短语”核心语法考点，依据山东新中考要求，系统梳理时间、方位、动向等介词用法及固定搭配，结合中考真题分析常考介词辨析（如in/on/at表时间，across/through表动向），归纳填空、完形等题型考查权重，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+分层训练”模式，融入2025年日照、凉山州等中考真题，通过对比辨析（如between/among，over/above）培养思维品质，设计“介词搭配速记表”和语境填空训练提升语言能力，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此制定系统复习计划，确保中考冲刺效果。

研究山东新考情 更懂中考新方向 山东新中考 英语WY 精讲册 2 第二部分 山东中考核心语法系统复习 专项七 介词和介词短语 3 核心考点精讲 高分分层提优训练 4 返回目录 5 一、介词的用法 1.表时间 （1）辨析in，on与at 用法 示例 in 用于世纪、年代、年、月、季节前或 泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 in the 21st century在21世纪； in 2021在2021年；in spring在春 天； in the morning在早上 on 用于具体某一天（如：几月几日、星 期几、节日等）或某一天的上午、下 午、晚上前 on September 1st在9月1日； on Monday在周一； on National Day在国庆节； on Saturday morning在周六上午 at 用于具体时间点前或黎明、正午、黄 昏、午夜前 at one o’clock在一点；at noon在中 午 返回目录 6 （2）辨析in，after与before 含义及用法 示例 in “in+时间段”表示“过…… （时间）以后”，常与将来时 连用 in five years五年后 after 后接时间点，常与一般将来 时连用，表示“……之后” I will go to school after seven o’clock. 我将在七点之后去上学。 后接时间段，常与一般过去 时连用，表示“……之后” Tom finished school after three years.汤姆 三年后毕业了。 before 在……之前 Lily must go to bed before 9:00。莉莉必 须九点前上床睡觉。 返回目录 7 （3）辨析during，by与until 含义及用法 示例 during 在……期间 during the summer holiday在暑假期间 by by+时间点，表示 “到……为止；不迟 于；在……前” I will finish the work by Friday.星期五之前 我会完成这项工作。 until “直到……”，表示动作 持续到某一时间 We must work here until 10 o’clock.我们必 须在这儿工作到10点钟。 （4）辨析for与since since+时间点=for+一段时间，常用于现在完成时（常与延续性动词连用）。如： since 3 years ago=for 3 years 返回目录 8 2.表方位 （1）辨析at，on，in与to 含义及用法 示例 at at+小地点（建筑物、 公共场所等） at home 在家；at the bus station在公交车站 on 在……（的平面）上 on the desk在书桌上；on the floor在地板上 表示两地接壤 Hunan is on the west of Jiangxi.湖南在江西的西 边。 in in+大地点 （国家、省、城市 等） in China在中国；in Hebei在河北；in the city在城 市 在……里（周围环境 是立体的地方） in the forest在森林里；in the classroom在教室里 to 在……范围之外，不 接壤 Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东 部。 返回目录 9 （2）辨析between与among 含义 例句 between 表示在两者之间 The dog is between the two trees.这只狗在 两棵树之间。 among 表示在三者或三者以上的人 或事物之间 The dog sits among a group of cats.这只 狗坐在一群猫中间。 返回目录 （3）辨析on，over，above，under与below 含义及用法 例句 助记 on 在……上面 （接触） There is a pen on the book and another book is beneath it.在书上有一支钢笔并 且在书下有另一本书。 _________________________________ over 在……正上方 （垂直不接 触） Over the table is a chandelier.桌子上面 是个吊灯。 above 在……上方 （泛指） The plane is flying above the clouds.飞 机在云层上面飞行。 under 在……正下方 （垂直不接 触） The cat is under the table.小猫在桌子下 面。 below 在……下方 （泛指） The temperature dropped below zero.温度 降到了零下。 返回目录 11 （4）其他方位介词 含义 例句 behind 在……后 面 The small dog is behind the door.那只小狗在门后。 inside 在……里 面 Don’t stay inside the buildings when an earthquake happens.当地震发生的时候，不要待在建筑物里面。 beside 在……旁 边 David,do you mind my sitting beside you?戴维，你介意我 坐在你旁边吗？ 返回目录 12 3.表动向 辨析across，through，over与past 含义及用法 例句 across “横过；穿过”，指从物体表 面的一边到另一边 Go across the street，and you will see the school.过了马路你就会看到学校。 through “穿过；透过”，指从某一物 体的空间内部穿过 Go through the forest，and you will see a river.穿过森林，你将会看到一条河流。 返回目录 13 含义及用法 例句 over “越过；翻过”，指从某一物 体的上方越过或空间范围之 上通过，表面不接触 The plane flew over the mountains.飞机 从那些山峰的上方飞过。 past “经过”，指从旁边经过 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.当老师经过 教室时，他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。 续表 返回目录 14 4.表方式 辨析with，in，by与on 含义及用法 例句 with “用，以，借助于”，后常 接工具或身体部位 ①I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用 钢笔写作业。 ②Elephants drink water with their trunks.大象用 鼻子喝水。 in “用……”，后接语言、声 音、颜色等 ①Can you say it in English？你能用英语说它 吗？ ②The girl in red is my friend.穿红色衣服的女 孩是我的朋友。 返回目录 15 含义及用法 例句 by by+交通工具，意为“乘； 坐” I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学。 by+doing，意为“通 过……方式” I improve my English by speaking more.我通过 多说来提高英语。 on “通过……”，后接电子产 品/通信工具 I could do all my work on the computer.我能通 过电脑完成所有工作。 续表 返回目录 16 5.其他介词 含义及用法 示例 for 为，给； 对……来说 Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢 笔。 from 从…… We’re open from 8：00 a.m.to 7：00 p.m.every day. 我们每天从早上8点到晚上7点营业。 of ……的 a map of China一幅中国地图 about 关于；大约 （+数字） It’s a book about animals.这是一本关于动物的书。 返回目录 17 含义及用法 示例 with “with+人”意为 “和某人一起” I play games with my classmates.我和我的同学们玩游 戏。 带有；有 a girl with long hair一个长头发的女孩； a book with a green cover一本绿皮书 without 没有；不 He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃 早餐就去上班。 over 遍及；超过 There are over two hundred people in the park.公园 里有两百多人。 against 反对；对抗； 紧靠 We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我 们将跟他们比赛。 续表 返回目录 18 含义及用法 示例 into 到……里面； 进入 Mr. White came into the classroom with a smile. 怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。 except 除……之外 Everyone is very happy except him.除了他，每个人都 很开心。 besides “除了”，包括 后面提到的人 或物 I learn English and math besides Chinese. 除了语文，我还学习英语和数学。 续表 返回目录 19 二、介词短语及固定搭配 at短语 at birth出生时 at home在家里 at last最后 at noon/night在中午/晚上at work在工作 at the same time同时 at times有时 at midnight在午夜 at the moment在此刻 at once立刻，马上 at least至少 返回目录 20 in短语 in common共同的 in danger处于危险中 in hospital住院 in time及时 in English用英语 in fact事实上 in public当众；公开地 in person亲自 in silence沉默地 in surprise吃惊地 in the future将来 in the end最后 in the daytime在白天 in trouble处于困境中 in a hurry匆忙 in the way挡道 in order to为了 of短语 as a result of由于 ahead of在……前面 because of因为 first of all首先 instead of而不是 of course当然 all of a sudden突然地 续表 返回目录 on短语 on business出差 on display陈列 on duty值班 on foot步行 on holiday在休假 on one’s own独自 on purpose故意 on sale降价销售；出售on show展出 on time准时 on the earth在地球上 on the way在路上 on the telephone在接/打电话 on the other hand另一方面on the right/left在右/左边 to短语 according to根据 close to接近 to one’s surprise/joy令某人吃惊/高兴的是 thanks to幸亏；由于 续表 返回目录 22 by短语 by air坐飞机 by bus坐公交车 by accident偶然地 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下 其他短语 for example例如 such as例如 together with和……一起 续表 返回目录 Ⅰ.根据首字母提示补全句子或对话。 1.Sally wants to learn new skills to challenge herself l____ cooking and riding. 2.(2025日照)Look!Black smoke is rising a______ the burning building. 3.D______ the Spring Festival，lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown. 4.(2025凉山州)The little girl in a red hat is walking t______ the forest with a small basket for her grandma. ike bove uring hrough 5.—Maria. You have made such a great progress in English. —Thanks，Ms Chen. I can’t make it w_______ your help. ithout 返回目录 24 Ⅱ.根据句意及语法规则填空。 6.The old man lives ____himself，but he doesn’t feel lonely. 7.(2025淮安)Jack gets up early ____ the morning. He often goes running before breakfast. 8.We can go to school ____ bike to make our city greener. 9.Try to hide_______a strong table or in a corner of the room to protect yourself in an earthquake. 10.Hainan is famous ____ its beautiful beaches. Many tourists visit it every year. 11.Mary plays light music ___her free time to enjoy the beauty of music. by in by under for in 返回目录 25 12.—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other ____two years. —Me，too. Whenever I see the photo，it reminds me ___ the happy days we spent together. for of 返回目录 26 Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子或对话。 13.—你看排球比赛看得开心吗？ —不。一个高个子男人站在我面前。我根本看不到球员们。 —Did you have fun watching the volleyball game? —No. A tall man stood ___ ______ ___me. I couldn’t see the players at all. in front of 14.—陈先生，我可以给您点单吗？ —像往常一样，一杯咖啡和一个蛋糕。 —May I take your order，Mr Chen? —I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake ____ ______. as usual 15.考试前，AI 绘制的思维导图让复习更高效。 The mind-map hat AI has drawn_______ ____ _____makes the review more effective. before the exam 返回目录 27 16.从现在开始，我将坚持每天写日记。 ______ _____ ____，I will keep a diary every day. From now on 17.让我们一起去看湖景。它离这儿并不远。 Let’s go to see the lake. It’s not ____ ______ here. far from 18.我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。 We spent a happy weekend ___ ____ ____________. in the countryside 返回目录 28 Ⅳ.根据语境在空白处填上适当的介词。 In this April，some people reported they felt the shake of earthquake. Earthquakes happen suddenly，19.________warning. They can happen 20.___any time of the year. 21.________the world，70 to 75 damaging earthquakes take place each year. Ground shaking 22.______earthquakes can destroy buildings and bridges. When an earthquake happens 23.___a big city，it may cause many deaths and injuries（受伤）.It’s necessary for everybody to know how to be prepared 24.____earthquakes. Everyone in your home should know what to do if an earthquake happens. Discuss earthquakes 25.______ your family. 26.______ discussion，you can help without at Around from in for with After 返回目录 29 your family learn to react correctly 27.____practicing. Practice drop，cover and hold-on in each safe place. 28.__________an earthquake，most deaths and injuries are caused by falling heavy objects. You need to pick a safe place in each room of your home. A safe place could be 29._______a strong table. The kitchen is a dangerous place. Remember to fix things that might fall 30.______above during an earthquake. Falling things，31._____televisions and books，can cause damage or injury. Move large and heavy things to lower shelves. Hang heavy items，such as mirrors， away from beds and sofas. If you are outdoors，find a place away from buildings，trees and streetlights. If you are 32.___ an elevator（电梯），hit the button for every floor. Get 33._____as soon as you can. by During/In under from like in out 返回目录 V.完形填空。 I came to China with my parents a year ago. Mr. Xi lives next . .34. . me in my neighborhood. He likes to say，“Méi guānxi” in life. One weekend，Mom asked Mr. Xi to look . .35. . me. “I’m so sorry，” she said. “But we don’t know other neighbors yet.” “Méi guānxi！” Mr. Xi said and laughed. I asked him.“What does‘Méi guānxi’mean？”“It means ‘no problem’，” he explained. “It seems that you are cool with everything，but I am always nervous about things in my life，even the weather，”I said. 返回目录 31 “Oh，I used to worry，too!” said Mr. Xi. “I used to work . .36. . a tall building. I worried all the time，and was angry all the time . .37. . first. Finally， my doctor told me that the stress was making me sick.” He stopped talking and looked . .38. . of the window at his garden. “So what did you do？” I asked. He said，“I bought this house，together . .39. . those fruit trees in the garden. I just focused . .40. . what I was doing instead of thinking about the results. I found peace in that process.” . .41. . then on，when I met some difficulties，I would tell myself “Méi guānxi”. 返回目录 34.( ) A.on B.in C.from D.to D 35.( ) A.after B.at C.for D.like A 36.( ) A.on B.over C.in D.behind C 37.( ) A.in B.for C.by D.at D 38.( ) A.out B.through C.up D.down A 39.( ) A.before B.with C.for D.about B 40.( ) A.of B.in C.on D.for C 41.( ) A.For B.From C.Against D.With B 返回目录 33 34 $