专项7 介词和介词短语（精讲册）-【考出好成绩】2026年山东新中考英语单元分层练习课件PPT（鲁教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“介词和介词短语”核心语法考点，紧密对接山东新考情，系统梳理表时间、方位、方向等介词用法及固定搭配，结合2025年日照、凉山州等地中考真题，明确考点权重与常考题型，体现备考针对性与实用性。 课件以“核心考点精讲+高分分层训练”为特色，通过真题示例（如“above the burning building”考查方位介词）和语境训练（完形填空介词搭配），培养学生语言理解与思维分析能力，助力掌握介词辨析技巧，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，提升学生中考得分率。

研究山东新考情 更懂中考新方向 山东新中考 英语LJ 精讲册 1 2 第二部分 山东中考核心语法专题复习 专项七 介词和介词短语 3 核心考点精讲 高分分层提优训练 4 返回目录 5 一、介词的用法 1.表时间 （1）辨析in，on与at 用法 示例 in 用于世纪、年代、年、 月、季节前或泛指的上 午、下午、晚上前 in the 21st century在21世纪； in 2021在2021年；in spring在春天； in the morning在早上 返回目录 6 用法 示例 on 用于具体某一天 （如：几月几日、星期 几、节日等）或某一天的 上午、下午、晚上前 on September 1st在9月1日； on Monday在周一； on National Day在国庆节； on Saturday morning在周六上午 at 用于具体时间点前或黎 明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 at one o’clock在一点；at noon在中午 续表 返回目录 7 （2）辨析in，after与before 含义及用法 示例 in “in+时间段”表示“过…… （时间）以后”，常与将来时 连用 in five years五年后 after 后接时间点，常与一般将来 时连用，表示“……之后” I will go to school after seven o’clock. 我将在七点之后去上学。 后接时间段，常与一般过去 时连用，表示“……之后” Tom finished school after three years.汤姆 三年后毕业了。 before 在……之前 Lily must go to bed before 9:00。莉莉必 须九点前上床睡觉。 返回目录 8 （3）辨析during，by与until 含义及用法 示例 during 在……期间 during the summer holiday在暑假期间 by by+时间点，表示 “到……为止；不迟 于；在……前” I will finish the work by Friday.星期五之前 我会完成这项工作。 until “直到……”，表示动作 持续到某一时间 We must work here until 10 o’clock.我们必 须在这儿工作到10点钟。 （4）辨析for与since since+时间点=for+一段时间，常用于现在完成时（常与延续性动词连用）。如： since 3 years ago=for 3 years 返回目录 9 2.表方位 （1）辨析at，on，in与to 含义及用法 示例 at at+小地点（建筑物、 公共场所等） at home 在家；at the bus station在公交车站 on 在……（的平面）上 on the desk在书桌上；on the floor在地板上 表示两地接壤 Hunan is on the west of Jiangxi.湖南在江西的西 边。 返回目录 10 含义及用法 示例 in in+大地点 （国家、省、城市 等） in China在中国；in Hebei在河北；in the city在城 市 在……里（周围环境 是立体的地方） in the forest在森林里；in the classroom在教室里 to 在……范围之外，不 接壤 Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东 部。 续表 返回目录 11 （2）辨析between与among 含义 例句 between 表示在两者之间 The dog is between the two trees.这只狗 在两棵树之间。 among 表示在三者或三者以上的 人或事物之间 The dog sits among a group of cats.这 只狗坐在一群猫中间。 返回目录 12 （3）辨析on，over，above，under与below 含义 例句 助记 on 在……上面 （接触） There is a pen on the book and another book is beneath it.在书上有一支钢笔并 且在书下有另一本书。 ___________________________ over 在……正上 方（垂直不接触） Over the table is a chandelier.桌子上面 是个吊灯。 返回目录 13 含义及用法 例句 助记 above 在……上方 （泛指） The plane is flying above the clouds.飞 机在云层上面飞行。 ___________________________ under 在……正下 方（垂直不接触） The cat is under the table.小猫在桌子 下面。 below 在……下方 （泛指） The temperature dropped below zero.温 度降到了零下。 续表 返回目录 14 （4）其他方位介词 含义 例句 behind 在……后面 The small dog is behind the door.那只小狗在门后。 inside 在……里面 Don’t stay inside the buildings when an earthquake happens.当地震发生的时候，不要待在建筑物里面。 beside 在……旁边 David,do you mind my sitting beside you?戴维，你介意 我坐在你旁边吗？ 返回目录 15 3.表动向 辨析across，through，over与past 含义及用法 例句 across “横过；穿过”，指从物体表 面的一边到另一边 Go across the street，and you will see the school.过了马路你就会看到学校。 through “穿过；透过”，指从某一物 体的空间内部穿过 Go through the forest，and you will see a river.穿过森林，你将会看到一条河流。 返回目录 16 含义及用法 例句 over “越过；翻过”，指从某一物 体的上方越过或空间范围之 上通过，表面不接触 The plane flew over the mountains.飞机 从那些山峰的上方飞过。 past “经过”，指从旁边经过 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.当老师经过 教室时，他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。 续表 返回目录 17 4.表方式 辨析with，in，by与on 含义及用法 例句 with “用，以，借助 于”，后常接工具 或身体部位 ①I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢 笔写作业。 ②Elephants drink water with their trunks.大象用鼻 子喝水。 in “用……”，后接语 言、声音、颜色等 ①Can you say it in English？你能用英语说它吗？ ②The girl in red is my friend.穿红色衣服的女孩是 我的朋友。 返回目录 18 含义及用法 例句 by by+交通工具，意为“乘；坐” I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学。 by+doing，意为 “通过……方式” I improve my English by speaking more.我通过多 说来提高英语。 on “通过……”，后接 电子产品/通信工具 I could do all my work on the computer.我能通过 电脑完成所有工作。 续表 返回目录 19 5.其他介词 含义及用法 示例 for 为，给； 对……来说 Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。 from 从…… We’re open from 8：00 a.m.to 7：00 p.m.every day.我们每天从早上8点到晚上7点营业。 of ……的 a map of China一幅中国地图 about 关于；大约 （+数字） It’s a book about animals.这是一本关于动物的书。 返回目录 20 含义及用法 示例 with “with+人”意为“和 某人一起” I play games with my classmates.我和我的同学们玩 游戏。 带有；有 a girl with long hair一个长头发的女孩； a book with a green cover一本绿皮书 without 没有；不 He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃 早餐就去上班。 over 遍及；超过 There are over two hundred people in the park.公园 里有两百多人。 续表 返回目录 21 含义及用法 示例 against 反对；对抗；紧靠 We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午 我们将跟他们比赛。 into 到……里面；进入 Mr. White came into the classroom with a smile. 怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。 except 除……之外 Everyone is very happy except him.除了他，每个人 都很开心。 besides “除了”，包括后面 提到的人或物 I learn English and math besides Chinese. 除了语文，我还学习英语和数学。 续表 返回目录 22 二、介词短语及固定搭配 at短语 at birth出生时 at home在家里 at last最后 at noon/night在中午/晚上 at work在工作 at the same time同时 at times有时 at midnight在午夜 at the moment在此刻 at once立刻，马上 at least至少 返回目录 23 in短语 in common共同的 in danger处于危险中 in hospital住院 in time及时 in English用英语 in fact事实上 in public当众；公开地 in person亲自 in silence沉默地 in surprise吃惊地 in the future将来 in the end最后 in the daytime在白天 in trouble处于困境中 in a hurry匆忙 in the way挡道 in order to为了 续表 返回目录 24 of短语 as a result of由于 ahead of在……前面 because of因为 first of all首先 instead of而不是 of course当然 all of a sudden突然地 续表 返回目录 25 on短语 on business出差 on display陈列 on duty值班 on foot步行 on holiday在休假 on one’s own独自 on purpose故意 on sale降价销售；出售 on show展出 on time准时 on the earth在地球上 on the way在路上 on the telephone在接/打电话 on the other hand另一方面 on the right/left在右/左边 续表 返回目录 26 to短语 according to根据 close to接近 to one’s surprise/joy令某人吃惊/高兴的是 thanks to幸亏；由于 by短语 by air坐飞机 by bus坐公交车 by accident偶然地 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说一下 其他短 语 for example例如 such as例如 together with和……一起 续表 返回目录 27 Ⅰ.根据首字母提示补全句子或对话。 1.Sally wants to learn new skills to challenge herself l____ cooking and riding. 2.(2025日照) Look! Black smoke is rising a_______ the burning building.. ike bove 返回目录 28 3.D______ the Spring Festival，lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown. 4.(2025凉山州) The little girl in a red hat is walking t________ the forest with a small basket for her grandma. uring hrough 5.—Maria. You have made such a great progress in English. —Thanks，Ms Chen. I can’t make it w_______ your help. ithout 返回目录 29 Ⅱ.根据句意及语法规则填空。 6.The old man lives ____ himself，but he doesn’t feel lonely. 7.(2025淮安) Jack gets up early ___ the morning.He often goes running before breakfast. 8.We can go to school ____ bike to make our city greener. 9.Try to hide _____ a strong table or in a corner of the room to protect yourself in an earthquake. by in by under 返回目录 30 10.Hainan is famous ____ its beautiful beaches. Many tourists visit it every year. 11.Mary plays light music ___her free time to enjoy the beauty of music. for in 12.—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other ____ two years. —Me，too. Whenever I see the photo，it reminds me ___ the happy days we spent together. for of 返回目录 31 Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子或对话。 13.—你看排球比赛看得开心吗？ —不。一个高个子男人站在我面前。我根本看不到球员们。 —Did you have fun watching the volleyball game? —No. A tall man stood ___ ______ ___me. I couldn’t see the players at all. in front of 14.—陈先生，我可以给您点单吗？ —像往常一样，一杯咖啡和一个蛋糕。 —May I take your order，Mr Chen? —I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake ____ ______. as usual 15.考试前，AI绘制的思维导图让复习更高效。 The mind-map that AI has drawn _______ ______ _______ makes the review more effective. before the exam 返回目录 32 16.从现在开始，我将坚持每天写日记。 ______ _____ ____，I will keep a diary every day. From now on 17.让我们一起去看湖景。它离这儿并不远。 Let’s go to see the lake. It’s not ____ ______ here. far from 18.我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。 We spent a happy weekend ___ ____ ____________. in the countryside 返回目录 33 Ⅳ.根据语境在空白处填上适当的介词。 In this April，some people reported they felt the shake of earthquake. Earthquakes happen suddenly，19.________warning. They can happen 20.___any time of the year.21.________the world，70 to 75 damaging earthquakes take place each year. Ground shaking 22.______earthquakes can destroy buildings and bridges. When an earthquake happens 23.___a big city，it may cause many deaths and injuries（受伤）.It’s necessary for everybody to know how to be prepared 24.____earthquakes. Everyone in your home should know what to do if an earthquake happens. Discuss earthquakes 25______ your family.26.______ discussion，you can help your family learn to react correctly 27.____practicing. Practice drop，cover and hold-on in each safe place. without at Around from in for with After by 返回目录 34 28.__________an earthquake，most deaths and injuries are caused by falling heavy objects. You need to pick a safe place in each room of your home. A safe place could be 29._______a strong table. The kitchen is a dangerous place. Remember to fix things that might fall 30.______above during an earthquake. Falling things，31._____televisions and books，can cause damage or injury. Move large and heavy things to lower shelves. Hang heavy items，such as mirrors， away from beds and sofas. If you are outdoors，find a place away from buildings，trees and streetlights. If you are 32.___ an elevator（电梯），hit the button for every floor. Get 33._____as soon as you can. During/In under from like in out 返回目录 35 V.完形填空。 I came to China with my parents a year ago. Mr. Xi lives next . .34. . me in my neighborhood. He likes to say，“Méi guānxi” in life. One weekend，Mom asked Mr. Xi to look . .35. . me. “I’m so sorry，” she said. “But we don’t know other neighbors yet.” “Méi guānxi！” Mr. Xi said and laughed. I asked him.“What does‘Méi guānxi’mean？”“It means ‘no problem’，” he explained. “It seems that you are cool with everything，but I am always nervous about things in my life，even the weather，”I said. 返回目录 36 “Oh，I used to worry，too!” said Mr. Xi. “I used to work . .36. . a tall building. I worried all the time，and was angry all the time . .37. . first. Finally， my doctor told me that the stress was making me sick.” He stopped talking and looked . .38. . of the window at his garden. “So what did you do？” I asked. He said，“I bought this house，together . .39. . those fruit trees in the garden. I just focused . .40. . what I was doing instead of thinking about the results. I found peace in that process.” . .41. . then on，when I met some difficulties，I would tell myself “Méi guānxi”. 返回目录 34.( ) A.on B.in C.from D.to D 35.( ) A.after B.at C.for D.like A 36.( ) A.on B.over C.in D.behind C 37.( ) A.in B.for C.by D.at D 38.( ) A.out B.through C.up D.down A 39.( ) A.before B.with C.for D.about B 40.( ) A.of B.in C.on D.for C 41.( ) A.For B.From C.Against D.With B 返回目录 38 39 $