专题一 阅读理解 类型二 体裁破解 第3讲 说明文 练习 2026届高考英语二轮复习

专题一　阅读理解 类型二　体裁破解 第3讲　说明文 说明文通常运用举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手法，描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，以及介绍场馆，分析社会现象、语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等，用平实的语言客观地说明事物、解释现象。事物说明文常用“总—分”式或“总—分—总”式结构；事理说明文采用由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，剖析事理的递进式结构；文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分时常用并列式结构；如果需要通过两个事物的对照和比较来说明其异同时常用对照式结构。说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。 【辨明题类】 说明文阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况，阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读说明文时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。 【技法点拨】 1．抓首尾段：首段往往提出文章的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申强调主题。 2．细读重点：就原文而言，重点就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，重点就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量的话，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多了。 3．略读或跳读：在快速浏览题干、初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行有选择性地略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易地从总体上把握全文。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看时费时费力。 (1)繁琐的例证：为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，需要花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过详读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。 (2)多项列举：有时许多功能相同的项目列举，那么只需读其中一两项即可。 (3)生僻词汇：阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。 (4)较长的人名、地名：有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替。 【真题体验】 (2025·浙江1月卷·阅读理解D) As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there's been a push to make them genderless.“People are stereotyping(形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior.Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu”．It was found that gender increased users' feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them.For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity.The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin's study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult.For instance, if an object's name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”． Martin sees a silver lining, however：She believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes”．When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women.Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 33．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 34．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people's mind. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【解题示范】　第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。 第二步：细审题干，定位原文： 第32小题：根据题干信息new technologies genderless，定位到文章的第一段。 第33小题：根据题干信息the participants were asked to do，定位到文章的第二段。 第34小题：根据题干主要信息difficult和create genderless objects，定位到文章的第四段。 第35小题：根据题干主要信息last paragraph，定位到文章的最后一段。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。 A (2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市高三一模) An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients' breaths.The canine(犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive, successfully spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in Scientific Reports. “The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers，” says Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method.“That's crucial because early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs' “amazing sense of smell”， Rabinowicz says.Canines can act like disease detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer's smell signature. For this study, Rabinowicz's team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected breast, lung, colorectal(直肠的) or prostate(前列腺) cancer.However, reading dogs' body language can be hard, so the researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs' signals. The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400 participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types.With AI, the doggy detectors identified 245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples. SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026.The company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they're smaller and easier to train.But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and development, Rabinowicz says. 1．Which of the following best describes the screening method? A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs. C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer. 2．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz? A．Cancer's visible signs. B．Dogs' sense of smell. C．AI's calculating system. D．Patients' medical records. 3．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system? A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research. C．Further research is required to test the results. D．It will replace traditional detection methods. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine. C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure. B (2025·河南省安阳市高三一模) Most of us use too much laundry detergent (洗涤剂), which can present all kinds of problems.Whatever amount of detergent you use, it must be completely rinsed(漂洗) away. There are so many variables.Generally, for a standard-size washing machine in areas with soft water, use 1 tablespoon of high-efficiency detergent per wash load.If you have hard water, use 2 tablespoons. Then there comes the question, “How do I know if my water is hard or soft？” Call your water company or go to its website to learn about the grains of hardness per liter in your local water supply.If the water quality is a little bit hard and you want precise control, use 1.5 tablespoons of high-efficiency detergent per load. Another important variable is the machine capacity.If it's a super-size machine, you need to adjust the amount of detergent accordingly.Check the instructions for guidance.Also, you may need to use more or less detergent if you're running a heavily soiled load or a very small load. Above all, the most important thing to consider when it comes to laundry detergent is whether or not the detergent gets completely rinsed away before that load of laundry is finished. The next time you do a load of wash, take a washcloth out of the dryer when it is finished and put it in a warm dish of water.If the water remains clean, it means you have not used too much detergent.If the water turns even slightly cloudy, it means all the detergent has not been removed and you're using too much detergent. Finding the exact amount of laundry detergent you need based on the hardness of your water, the size of your washing machine and the size of the laundry load may take experimentation.But once you discover what's right for you—and you are getting all that detergent out of the clothes, too—you're going to be pleasantly surprised by the fantastic results. 5．How can one know the hardness of water in his area? A．By counting the grains in the water. B．By checking the water color. C．By communicating with neighbors. D．By consulting the water company. 6．What is the purpose of using a washcloth according to paragraph 6? A．To see whether the dryer works well. B．To show how to determine the load properly. C．To judge whether the laundry detergent is totally rinsed away. D．To prove water hardness influences how much water is used. 7．What conclusion can be drawn about laundry detergent? A．The more, the cleaner. B．More isn't necessarily better. C．The users have the final say. D．Quality is more important than quantity. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Science of Laundry Detergent B．The Impact of Laundry Detergent on the Environment C．How to Figure Out the Right Amount of Laundry Detergent D．What to Take into Consideration When Choosing a Washing Machine C (2025·东北三省四市教研联合体高三模拟预测二) Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet.However, a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel—it may actually slow down the human brain. Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory. Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble(打乱) an astronaut's cognitive(认知的) abilities.Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient(有适应力的)． The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station.Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous(谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention.“We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS，” explains Dr.Sheena Dev, the study's lead researcher, in a media release. So what exactly changed？Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”．Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information.Processing speed, working memory, and attention were the most affected cognitive fields—similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep.The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts.Some performance changes, like slower attention spans, were only noticeable early in the mission.Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth. These insights are more than just scientific curiosity.As humanity looks toward ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial.This research provides a baseline for future space explorers, helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges. 9．How may astronauts perform during space travel? A．They take longer to respond to the tasks. B．They complete tasks as quickly as on earth. C．Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily. D．They spend years recovering their physical health. 10．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Improvement.　 B．Damage. C．Development. D．Change. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．Astronauts' cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are. B．Astronauts' performance in space is much worse than that on Earth. C．Astronauts' attention spans were always slower in the space. D．Astronauts' brain performance can return to normal later. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly about? A．The later plans for space missions. B．The development of cognitive study. C．The significance of the study. D．The future of space exploration. D (2025·河北省沧州市运东五校联考高三二模) A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI's ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems—five human-written and five chatbot-generated—and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality.Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers' best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend.“Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme(韵律) on purpose，” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don't seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically.Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers.“When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention，” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it's not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems.“Poetry will always be necessary，” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful.They have a good experience with a poem, and I don't care who wrote it.I feel there is room for all poets—even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 13．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 14．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers' reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 15．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It's no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be Lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT：a New Advancement C．Fake or Real—a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who Is Better? 【限时训练】（限时：60分钟） 说明文类 A (2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模) Making fabric from waste potato plants could offer a more sustainable alternative to pure cotton, as pressure grows on the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impact. Potatoes pose a headache for farmers.The tubers(块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can't be used for animal feed.Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested. Now, a UK startup company, Fibe, wants to avoid this waste by extracting(提取) fibres from potato stems(茎) to make a sustainable fabric.In April, it introduced the world's first potato thread(线), a mixture of 75 per cent cotton and 25 per cent potato fibres. The approach began as a project by a group of design engineering students, including Gal-Shohet, at Imperial College London.Tasked with designing a sustainable business concept, the group investigated using waste plants to create a more sustainable alternative to cotton.The students chose potato plants because they are mass-produced all over the world, are rich in fibres and their leaves have no other practical use.They turned their idea into a business after graduating in 2022. Fibe primarily uses non-biological process to extract the fibres.“Once raw fibres are extracted, they are cleaned and graded to produce soft balls.The potato fibres are similar in quality to cotton，” says Gal-Shohet.However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions(排放), as well as needing no additional land, according to Fibe's internal analysis. Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the “length, fineness and strength” to compete with cotton.“For a fibre to be successful and to be made into a product, these are the key factors，” he says. 1．What do the underlined words “this matter” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Pure cotton. B．The poisonous tuber. C．Animal feed. D．The above-ground plant. 2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Add some background information. C．Provide some advice for the students. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. 3．What does Fibe's internal analysis highlight about using potato fibres? A．Its standard requirements. B．Its environmental advantages. C．Its technical barriers. D．Its wide applications. 4．What does Tausif expect of Fibe? A．It should demonstrate its fibres' competitive qualities. B．It should secure business partners as soon as possible. C．It should make a big difference to the fibre industry. D．It should launch appealing products into the market. B (2025·东北三省三校高三二模) “Is there a wife in a wife cake？” asked He Lixi, a local Cantonese. “There is no actual wife in a wife cake, as it is just a traditional Hong Kong pastry(酥皮糕点)，” answered Sensechat, a ChatGPT-like product, in fluent Cantonese. He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.Many large language models(LLMs) from the mainland can't recognize Cantonese accurately.Some Western-developed AI software can listen to Cantonese, but cannot speak it well. Created by a Hong Kong company, Sensechat is the world's first Cantonese LLM.Cantonese pronunciation uses lots of modal particles(语气助词), which usually go unnoticed by most AI tools, but Sensechat handles them effectively.Sensechat also handles written form of Cantonese. Training an LLM takes efforts, said Cao Jianrong, the chair professor at the Department of Computing at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.It involves pre-training using extensive data, followed by fine-tuning(微调) with high-quality data.Later, more focused human input is needed to adjust the output of the LLM with local culture, ethics, morals, laws and other rules. However, Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media, and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult, as many videos have background noise. Despite the challenges, there's a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language, and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools, this population might face challenges using new technology in the future. That's why local tech companies like Sensechat are stepping up to create these tools.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government is also working with local universities to create Cantonese LLMs. 5．What can be learnt about Sensechat? A．It's the first AI tool in Hong Kong. B．It has an insight into Cantonese culture. C．It focuses only on spoken Cantonese. D．It's designed to promote Cantonese food. 6．What challenge does the training of Sensechat meet? A．A lack of data. B．Complex moral rules. C．Limited audience. D．Unclear training process. 7．Why is developing Cantonese-speaking AI important? A．To explore the future of LLMs. B．To expand the Cantonese AI market. C．To promote the Cantonese culture. D．To meet the need of the Cantonese. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An impressive breakthrough in AI research. B．A growing demand for AI language tools. C．An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language. D．A challenging case of Cantonese LLM training. C (2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模) Based on the manuscripts (手稿) found in Dunhuang, China, Xin Wen's The Kings Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road is an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800 CE and 1100 CE. Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen concentrates on the practical aspects of relations in what he calls a “bottom-up view” of diplomacy.The book is an excellent balance of detailed analysis of primary sources while also showing the significance of those documents in a broad historical context.This book shows Dunhuang's strategic importance since it lay at the heart of the conflicts and trade routes among various states in eastern Eurasia. This book is divided into three parts, and each part has its own guiding question.In Part One, the author asks：who became diplomatic travelers？The book then spends its first three chapters on this question.Chapter One introduces the Dunhuang manuscript collection.Chapter Two gives an account of the extremely diverse people who made up diplomatic missions.Chapter Three focuses on the commodities that the diplomats carried with them, such as food, clothes, texts, animals, and luxury items.Part Two poses the question：how did they travel？This question is answered in the next four chapters.Chapter Four looks at the physical conditions of the road, and Chapter Five deals with the social customs of travelers.Chapter Six explains the important role of gift-giving in diplomatic exchanges, and Chapter Seven studies the use of language.In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding the types of international connections that the travelers created.The next three chapters of the book, which explore this question, respectively(分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of diplomatic travelers. The book's overall argument is that, despite the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road continued to function as a mechanism for the exchange of people, goods, and ideas in eastern Eurasia.This book is a remarkably in-depth analysis of an important topic that has previously received little attention.As one might expect from such an academic book, it is written in a very formal and scholarly tone with few maps and illustrations.It would probably be a difficult book for a reader without some degree of familiarity with the topic.To the field of Asian Studies, this book is a highly valuable and insightful new contribution. 9．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．A review of ancient manuscripts. C．A guidebook to diplomatic relations. D．An essay on the history of the Silk Road. 10．What does Xin Wen center on in The King's Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road? A．The discovery of manuscripts. B．The political aspect of diplomacy. C．The practical aspect of diplomatic relations. D．The conflicts of different states in Eurasia. 11．What is presented in Chapter Ten? A．Types of commodities that travelers carry. B．Economic consequences of the network of travelers. C．Political influences of the diplomatic travelers. D．Cultural connections that travelers created. 12．What is a feature of The King's Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road? A．It offers a great analysis of an ignored topic. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It includes sufficient maps and illustrations. D．It is intended for someone unfamiliar with the topic. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题一　阅读理解 类型二　体裁破解 第3讲　说明文 说明文通常运用举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手法，描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，以及介绍场馆，分析社会现象、语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等，用平实的语言客观地说明事物、解释现象。事物说明文常用“总—分”式或“总—分—总”式结构；事理说明文采用由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，剖析事理的递进式结构；文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分时常用并列式结构；如果需要通过两个事物的对照和比较来说明其异同时常用对照式结构。说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。 【辨明题类】 说明文阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况，阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读说明文时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。 【技法点拨】 1．抓首尾段：首段往往提出文章的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申强调主题。 2．细读重点：就原文而言，重点就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，重点就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量的话，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多了。 3．略读或跳读：在快速浏览题干、初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行有选择性地略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易地从总体上把握全文。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看时费时费力。 (1)繁琐的例证：为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，需要花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过详读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。 (2)多项列举：有时许多功能相同的项目列举，那么只需读其中一两项即可。 (3)生僻词汇：阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。 (4)较长的人名、地名：有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替。 【真题体验】 (2025·浙江1月卷·阅读理解D) As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there's been a push to make them genderless.“People are stereotyping(形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior.Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu”．It was found that gender increased users' feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them.For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity.The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin's study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult.For instance, if an object's name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”． Martin sees a silver lining, however：She believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes”．When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women.Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 33．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 34．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people's mind. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【解题示范】　第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。 第二步：细审题干，定位原文： 第32小题：根据题干信息new technologies genderless，定位到文章的第一段。 第33小题：根据题干信息the participants were asked to do，定位到文章的第二段。 第34小题：根据题干主要信息difficult和create genderless objects，定位到文章的第四段。 第35小题：根据题干主要信息last paragraph，定位到文章的最后一段。 第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。 在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。 【解析】 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior.Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self driving car known as ‘Miuu’．”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Martin's study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult.For instance, if an object's name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she’．”可知，因为性别观念在人们的脑海中根深蒂固，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D。 35．段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, however：She believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes’．”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B。 A (2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市高三一模) An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients' breaths.The canine(犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive, successfully spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in Scientific Reports. “The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers，” says Assaf Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method.“That's crucial because early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs' “amazing sense of smell”， Rabinowicz says.Canines can act like disease detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer's smell signature. For this study, Rabinowicz's team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected breast, lung, colorectal(直肠的) or prostate(前列腺) cancer.However, reading dogs' body language can be hard, so the researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs' signals. The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400 participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types.With AI, the doggy detectors identified 245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples. SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026.The company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they're smaller and easier to train.But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and development, Rabinowicz says. 1．Which of the following best describes the screening method? A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs. C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer. 2．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz? A．Cancer's visible signs. B．Dogs' sense of smell. C．AI's calculating system. D．Patients' medical records. 3．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system? A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research. C．Further research is required to test the results. D．It will replace traditional detection methods. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine. C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性。 【解析】 1．D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients' breaths.”可知，这种筛查方法是将犬类和人工智能结合起来检测癌症。 2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The method employs dogs' ‘amazing sense of smell’， Rabinowicz says.Canines can act like disease detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer's smell signature.”可知，筛查方法的基础是犬类的嗅觉。 3．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026.”可推知，关于检测系统的未来，还需要进一步的研究来测试结果。 4．B　语篇出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性，这属于科学研究范畴，所以这段文字可能来自科学杂志。 B (2025·河南省安阳市高三一模) Most of us use too much laundry detergent (洗涤剂), which can present all kinds of problems.Whatever amount of detergent you use, it must be completely rinsed(漂洗) away. There are so many variables.Generally, for a standard-size washing machine in areas with soft water, use 1 tablespoon of high-efficiency detergent per wash load.If you have hard water, use 2 tablespoons. Then there comes the question, “How do I know if my water is hard or soft？” Call your water company or go to its website to learn about the grains of hardness per liter in your local water supply.If the water quality is a little bit hard and you want precise control, use 1.5 tablespoons of high-efficiency detergent per load. Another important variable is the machine capacity.If it's a super-size machine, you need to adjust the amount of detergent accordingly.Check the instructions for guidance.Also, you may need to use more or less detergent if you're running a heavily soiled load or a very small load. Above all, the most important thing to consider when it comes to laundry detergent is whether or not the detergent gets completely rinsed away before that load of laundry is finished. The next time you do a load of wash, take a washcloth out of the dryer when it is finished and put it in a warm dish of water.If the water remains clean, it means you have not used too much detergent.If the water turns even slightly cloudy, it means all the detergent has not been removed and you're using too much detergent. Finding the exact amount of laundry detergent you need based on the hardness of your water, the size of your washing machine and the size of the laundry load may take experimentation.But once you discover what's right for you—and you are getting all that detergent out of the clothes, too—you're going to be pleasantly surprised by the fantastic results. 5．How can one know the hardness of water in his area? A．By counting the grains in the water. B．By checking the water color. C．By communicating with neighbors. D．By consulting the water company. 6．What is the purpose of using a washcloth according to paragraph 6? A．To see whether the dryer works well. B．To show how to determine the load properly. C．To judge whether the laundry detergent is totally rinsed away. D．To prove water hardness influences how much water is used. 7．What conclusion can be drawn about laundry detergent? A．The more, the cleaner. B．More isn't necessarily better. C．The users have the final say. D．Quality is more important than quantity. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Science of Laundry Detergent B．The Impact of Laundry Detergent on the Environment C．How to Figure Out the Right Amount of Laundry Detergent D．What to Take into Consideration When Choosing a Washing Machine 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用过多洗衣液会有问题，阐述了根据水质硬度、洗衣机容量等确定洗衣液用量的方法及检测洗衣液是否漂洗干净的方式。 【解析】 5．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Call your water company or go to its website to learn about the grains of hardness per liter in your local water supply.”可知，通过咨询供水公司可以知道所在地区水的硬度。 6．C　细节理解题。根据第六段“The next time you do a load of wash, take a washcloth out of the dryer when it is finished and put it in a warm dish of water.If the water remains clean, it means you have not used too much detergent.If the water turns even slightly cloudy, it means all the detergent has not been removed and you're using too much detergent.”可知，使用毛巾的目的是判断洗衣液是否被完全漂洗干净。 7．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most of us use too much laundry detergent (洗涤剂), which can present all kinds of problems.”以及全文内容可知，使用过多洗衣液会有问题，所以洗衣液并非越多越好。 8．C　标题归纳题。根据第二段“There are so many variables.Generally, for a standard size washing machine in areas with soft water, use 1 tablespoon of high efficiency detergent per wash load.If you have hard water, use 2 tablespoons.”、第四段中“Another important variable is the machine capacity.”以及最后一段中“Finding the exact amount of laundry detergent you need based on the hardness of your water, the size of your washing machine and the size of the laundry load may take experimentation.”等内容可知，文章主要围绕如何确定合适的洗衣液用量展开。C项“How to Figure Out the Right Amount of Laundry Detergent”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。 C (2025·东北三省四市教研联合体高三模拟预测二) Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet.However, a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel—it may actually slow down the human brain. Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory. Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble(打乱) an astronaut's cognitive(认知的) abilities.Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient(有适应力的)． The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station.Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous(谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention.“We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS，” explains Dr.Sheena Dev, the study's lead researcher, in a media release. So what exactly changed？Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”．Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information.Processing speed, working memory, and attention were the most affected cognitive fields—similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep.The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts.Some performance changes, like slower attention spans, were only noticeable early in the mission.Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth. These insights are more than just scientific curiosity.As humanity looks toward ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial.This research provides a baseline for future space explorers, helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges. 9．How may astronauts perform during space travel? A．They take longer to respond to the tasks. B．They complete tasks as quickly as on earth. C．Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily. D．They spend years recovering their physical health. 10．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Improvement.　 B．Damage. C．Development. D．Change. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．Astronauts' cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are. B．Astronauts' performance in space is much worse than that on Earth. C．Astronauts' attention spans were always slower in the space. D．Astronauts' brain performance can return to normal later. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly about? A．The later plans for space missions. B．The development of cognitive study. C．The significance of the study. D．The future of space exploration. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA的一项新研究发现，太空旅行可能导致宇航员出现短暂的认知减缓，但不会造成永久性损伤，且大脑具有恢复能力，最后强调了该研究对未来太空任务的意义。 【解析】 9．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory.”和第五段中的“Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information.”可知，宇航员在太空旅行时完成任务的准确性和在地球上一样，但处理信息需要更长时间，也就是对任务的反应时间变长。 10．B　词句猜测题。根据第三段“Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut's cognitive (认知的) abilities.Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient(有适应力的)．”可知，在太空待几个月不会永久性地损害宇航员的认知能力。 11．D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut's cognitive (认知的) abilities.Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient(有适应力的)．”以及第五段中“Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth.”可知，宇航员的大脑表现之后可以恢复正常。 12．C　段落大意题。根据最后一段“These insights are more than just scientific curiosity.As humanity looks toward ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial.This research provides a baseline for future space explorers, helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges.”可知，本段强调了这项研究的重要性。 D (2025·河北省沧州市运东五校联考高三二模) A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes. In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI's ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems—five human-written and five chatbot-generated—and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality.Interestingly, they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average, suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity. Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers' best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend.“Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme(韵律) on purpose，” says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides, modern readers don't seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically.Instead, they prefer texts giving them instant answers.“When readers say they prefer AI poetry, they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention，” he adds. While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day, Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it's not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems.“Poetry will always be necessary，” Lasky says, “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful.They have a good experience with a poem, and I don't care who wrote it.I feel there is room for all poets—even robot poets.” This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity, prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression. 13．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment? A．To create a technique. B．To clarify a concept. C．To detail an example. D．To confirm a finding. 14．What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply? A．Robots are more complicated than humans. B．AI meets modern readers' reading preference. C．Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns. D．Classic poetry lacks unique charming features. 15．Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry? A．All flowers bloom together. B．No dish suits all tastes. C．It's no use crying over spilt milk. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will Poets Be Lost in AI Era? B．ChatGPT：a New Advancement C．Fake or Real—a Concern about AI D．ChatGPT or Dickinson, Who Is Better? 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，为此科学家进行了研究。 【解析】 13．D　推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.”和第二段中“In a recent experiment, the researchers tasked OpenAI's ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets, then presented 1,634 participants with ten poems—five human-written and five chatbot-generated—and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities, including rhythm and originality.”可推知，研究人员进行这项实验的目的是确认一个发现——人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌。 14．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear, but the researchers' best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend.‘Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme(韵律) on purpose，’ says Brian Porter, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, ‘But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.’”可推知，Emily Dickinson的例子暗示了AI满足现代读者的阅读偏好——人们喜欢简单明了的内容。 15．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Poetry will always be necessary，’ Lasky says, ‘If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful.They have a good experience with a poem, and I don't care who wrote it.I feel there is room for all poets—even robot poets.’”可知，Dorothea Lasky认为无论是机器人还是人写诗，只要写出好的诗歌便是好的，由此可推知，他认为诗歌写作应该是百花齐放。 16．D　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images, emotions and themes.”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，探讨了人工智能作的诗和诗人写出的诗，哪个更受欢迎，D项能概括文章内容。 【限时训练】（限时：60分钟） 说明文类 A (2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模) Making fabric from waste potato plants could offer a more sustainable alternative to pure cotton, as pressure grows on the fashion industry to reduce its environmental impact. Potatoes pose a headache for farmers.The tubers(块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can't be used for animal feed.Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested. Now, a UK startup company, Fibe, wants to avoid this waste by extracting(提取) fibres from potato stems(茎) to make a sustainable fabric.In April, it introduced the world's first potato thread(线), a mixture of 75 per cent cotton and 25 per cent potato fibres. The approach began as a project by a group of design engineering students, including Gal-Shohet, at Imperial College London.Tasked with designing a sustainable business concept, the group investigated using waste plants to create a more sustainable alternative to cotton.The students chose potato plants because they are mass-produced all over the world, are rich in fibres and their leaves have no other practical use.They turned their idea into a business after graduating in 2022. Fibe primarily uses non-biological process to extract the fibres.“Once raw fibres are extracted, they are cleaned and graded to produce soft balls.The potato fibres are similar in quality to cotton，” says Gal-Shohet.However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions(排放), as well as needing no additional land, according to Fibe's internal analysis. Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the “length, fineness and strength” to compete with cotton.“For a fibre to be successful and to be made into a product, these are the key factors，” he says. 1．What do the underlined words “this matter” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Pure cotton. B．The poisonous tuber. C．Animal feed. D．The above-ground plant. 2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Add some background information. C．Provide some advice for the students. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. 3．What does Fibe's internal analysis highlight about using potato fibres? A．Its standard requirements. B．Its environmental advantages. C．Its technical barriers. D．Its wide applications. 4．What does Tausif expect of Fibe? A．It should demonstrate its fibres' competitive qualities. B．It should secure business partners as soon as possible. C．It should make a big difference to the fibre industry. D．It should launch appealing products into the market. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家英国初创公司Fibe试图通过从土豆茎中提取纤维来制造可持续面料以减少时尚行业的环境影响。 【解析】 1．D　词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The tubers(块茎) are harvested and eaten, but the above-ground plant contains solanine, which is poisonous, so it can't be used for animal feed.Farmers usually remove this matter before potatoes are harvested.”可知，农民通常在土豆收获之前去除地上部分的植物。所以“this matter”指的是“地上的植物”。 2．B　写作意图题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者在第四段是为了增加一些背景信息。 3．B　细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, because the land is already being used to grow potatoes, potato fibres require 99.7 per cent less water and produce 82 per cent fewer carbon emissions(排放)”可知，分析结果突出了使用土豆纤维的环境优势。 4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Muhammad Tausif at the University of Leeds, UK, who has worked with Fibe, says industry demand for sustainable fibres is growing, but the company will need to prove its potato fibres have the ‘length, fineness and strength’ to compete with cotton.”可知，Tausif期望Fibe能够展示其纤维的竞争特质。 B (2025·东北三省三校高三二模) “Is there a wife in a wife cake？” asked He Lixi, a local Cantonese. “There is no actual wife in a wife cake, as it is just a traditional Hong Kong pastry(酥皮糕点)，” answered Sensechat, a ChatGPT-like product, in fluent Cantonese. He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.Many large language models(LLMs) from the mainland can't recognize Cantonese accurately.Some Western-developed AI software can listen to Cantonese, but cannot speak it well. Created by a Hong Kong company, Sensechat is the world's first Cantonese LLM.Cantonese pronunciation uses lots of modal particles(语气助词), which usually go unnoticed by most AI tools, but Sensechat handles them effectively.Sensechat also handles written form of Cantonese. Training an LLM takes efforts, said Cao Jianrong, the chair professor at the Department of Computing at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.It involves pre-training using extensive data, followed by fine-tuning(微调) with high-quality data.Later, more focused human input is needed to adjust the output of the LLM with local culture, ethics, morals, laws and other rules. However, Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media, and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult, as many videos have background noise. Despite the challenges, there's a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language, and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools, this population might face challenges using new technology in the future. That's why local tech companies like Sensechat are stepping up to create these tools.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government is also working with local universities to create Cantonese LLMs. 5．What can be learnt about Sensechat? A．It's the first AI tool in Hong Kong. B．It has an insight into Cantonese culture. C．It focuses only on spoken Cantonese. D．It's designed to promote Cantonese food. 6．What challenge does the training of Sensechat meet? A．A lack of data. B．Complex moral rules. C．Limited audience. D．Unclear training process. 7．Why is developing Cantonese-speaking AI important? A．To explore the future of LLMs. B．To expand the Cantonese AI market. C．To promote the Cantonese culture. D．To meet the need of the Cantonese. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An impressive breakthrough in AI research. B．A growing demand for AI language tools. C．An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language. D．A challenging case of Cantonese LLM training. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sensechat这一粤语大语言模型的特点、训练过程、面临的挑战以及粤语AI工具的重要性。 【解析】 5．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.”可知，Sensechat是何立熙遇到的第一个对粤语语言和文化有着深刻理解的人工智能工具，由此可推测，Sensechat对粤语文化有深刻的理解。 6．A　细节理解题。根据第六段“However, Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media, and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult, as many videos have background noise.”可知，训练Sensechat面临的挑战是粤语网络资源在数量和质量上都有限，收集清晰的语音数据也很困难。也就是说，训练Sensechat遇到的挑战是缺乏数据。 7．D　推理判断题。根据第七段“Despite the challenges, there's a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language, and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools, this population might face challenges using new technology in the future.”可知，全球有近1.2亿人说粤语，其中8,520万人是粤语母语使用者，没有粤语人工智能工具，这一群体在未来使用新技术时可能会面临挑战。所以说，开发说粤语的人工智能很重要是为了满足说粤语人群的需求。 8．C　文章大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章开篇以关于“老婆饼”的问答引出Sensechat，接着介绍了Sensechat是世界上第一个粤语大型语言模型，它能有效处理粤语发音中的语气助词和书面形式的粤语，还讲述了训练它面临的挑战以及开发说粤语人工智能的重要性。选项C“An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language.(一个针对粤语的创新人工智能工具。)”很好地概括了文章主要内容，即围绕Sensechat这个针对粤语的人工智能工具展开。 C (2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模) Based on the manuscripts (手稿) found in Dunhuang, China, Xin Wen's The Kings Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road is an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800 CE and 1100 CE. Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen concentrates on the practical aspects of relations in what he calls a “bottom-up view” of diplomacy.The book is an excellent balance of detailed analysis of primary sources while also showing the significance of those documents in a broad historical context.This book shows Dunhuang's strategic importance since it lay at the heart of the conflicts and trade routes among various states in eastern Eurasia. This book is divided into three parts, and each part has its own guiding question.In Part One, the author asks：who became diplomatic travelers？The book then spends its first three chapters on this question.Chapter One introduces the Dunhuang manuscript collection.Chapter Two gives an account of the extremely diverse people who made up diplomatic missions.Chapter Three focuses on the commodities that the diplomats carried with them, such as food, clothes, texts, animals, and luxury items.Part Two poses the question：how did they travel？This question is answered in the next four chapters.Chapter Four looks at the physical conditions of the road, and Chapter Five deals with the social customs of travelers.Chapter Six explains the important role of gift-giving in diplomatic exchanges, and Chapter Seven studies the use of language.In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding the types of international connections that the travelers created.The next three chapters of the book, which explore this question, respectively(分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of diplomatic travelers. The book's overall argument is that, despite the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road continued to function as a mechanism for the exchange of people, goods, and ideas in eastern Eurasia.This book is a remarkably in-depth analysis of an important topic that has previously received little attention.As one might expect from such an academic book, it is written in a very formal and scholarly tone with few maps and illustrations.It would probably be a difficult book for a reader without some degree of familiarity with the topic.To the field of Asian Studies, this book is a highly valuable and insightful new contribution. 9．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．A review of ancient manuscripts. C．A guidebook to diplomatic relations. D．An essay on the history of the Silk Road. 10．What does Xin Wen center on in The King's Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road? A．The discovery of manuscripts. B．The political aspect of diplomacy. C．The practical aspect of diplomatic relations. D．The conflicts of different states in Eurasia. 11．What is presented in Chapter Ten? A．Types of commodities that travelers carry. B．Economic consequences of the network of travelers. C．Political influences of the diplomatic travelers. D．Cultural connections that travelers created. 12．What is a feature of The King's Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road? A．It offers a great analysis of an ignored topic. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It includes sufficient maps and illustrations. D．It is intended for someone unfamiliar with the topic. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了中国学者文欣所著的《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书。 【解析】 9．A　语篇出处题。根据首段中“Xin Wen's The Kings Road：Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road is an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800 CE and 1100 CE.”以及后文对书籍内容的详细描述可知，文章主要介绍了文欣所著的《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书的内容、结构和主要论点，可以推断出这篇文章很可能是一篇书籍介绍。 10．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen concentrates on the practical aspects of relations in what he calls a ‘bottom-up view’ of diplomacy.”可知，文欣在该书中主要关注的是外交关系的实用方面。 11．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding the types of international connections that the travelers created.The next three chapters of the book, which explore this question, respectively (分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of diplomatic travelers.”以及后文提到的Chapter Ten属于第三部分的内容，可以推断出第十章介绍的是旅行者所创造的文化联系。 12．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This book is a remarkably in-depth analysis of an important topic that has previously received little attention.”可知，《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书的特点是对一个以前很少受到关注的重要话题进行了深入的分析。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $