内容正文:
必修二unit 2词汇讲解
poster n. 词根:post v. 张贴;(在互联网上)发帖子;邮寄;派遣;安置…站岗 n. 帖子;邮寄;邮件;职位,职务;柱子
--- postcard n. 明信片
2. illegal adj.不合法的;非法的→ illegally adv.不合法地;非法地
→ legal adj.合法的
il-否定前缀
英语单词中常见的否定词缀:
否定前缀:表示“不”、“非”、“无”、“相反”等否定含义。
① un- unhappy, uncommon, unable, unfortunately, unlock
② in- (以及其变体 im-, il-, ir-) inactive, incorrect, impossible, immature, illogical, irregular, irresponsible
③ dis- dishonest, disagree, dislike, disappear, disconnect, disorder
④ non- (通常表示“不属于某一类别”或“缺乏某种特性”,否定意味有时比 un- 或 in- 弱一些)
non-smoker (不吸烟的人), non-fiction (非小说类文学作品), non-toxic (无毒的), non-violent (非暴力的),
non-stop (不停地/的)
⑤ a- / an-(通常表示“缺乏”或“没有”某种性质或状态)
aerobic /eəˈrəʊbɪk/ 有氧的 --- anaerobic /ˌæneəˈrəʊbɪk/ 无氧的
normal --- abnormal
⑥ anti- (反,抗,对,防止) anti-war (反战的), antibody (抗体), antifreeze (防冻剂), antisocial (反社会的)
否定后缀:表示“缺少”、“无...的”
① -less careless (粗心的), hopeless (无望的), endless (无止境的), fearless (无畏的), useless (无用的)
② -free sugar-free (无糖的), tax-free (免税的)
3. hunt vt.& vi.打猎;搜寻(for sth.);追捕→ hunter n.猎人;搜寻者→hunting n.打猎;狩猎
job hunting 找工作 hunt for a job
3.immediately 同义词:instantly, promptly
4.species 单复数同形 means n.
5.on earth earth n. 地球;陆地;土地
--- unearth (dig up)v. 挖掘,出土;(偶然或经搜寻)发现,找到
6.alarming adj.惊人的;使人惊恐的
→ alarm vt.使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n.恐慌;警报;警报器
→alarmed adj.惊恐的;受惊的
7.rate n.(at a/the rate of) 速度;(比)率;价格 vt. 划分等级;评估,评价
→ rating n.等级;级别
8.extinct adj. 已灭绝的→ extinction n.灭绝
9.mass 一词多义 --- 派生词:massive adj. ((尺寸、数量、规模、程度) )巨大的
n. 团,块,堆;大量 a mass of books 一堆书
There's masses of work for her to do. 她有一大堆的工作去做。
adj. 大量的;广泛的;大批的 mass unemployment/production 大批失业;批量生产
v. 集结;聚集 Dark clouds massed on the horizon. 天边乌云密布。
形近词:mess n. 脏乱;(情况)一团糟,困境,混乱 v. (~ up) 弄脏,弄乱;把…弄糟 --- messy adj. 脏乱的; (情况)棘手的,难办的
The room was in a mess .这个房间杂乱不堪。
10.habitat n. 相关词汇:inhabitant n.(某地的)居民,栖息动物
--- inhabit v. 居住在;栖居于
--- habitable adj. 可居住的 --- (反) uninhabitable adj. 不适合居住的
11.aware adj.知道;发觉;意识到的(conscious)→ awareness n.意识
→ unaware adj.未发觉的;不知道的
raise/ promote one’s awareness of ... 提高某人的什么意识
12.endanger vt.使遭受危险;危害 → endangered adj. 濒危的
→ danger n.危险→ dangerous adj.危险的
13.average n./ adj./ v. 平均为 on average
14.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧 n.担心;忧虑 → concerned adj.担心的;关切的
→concerning prep.关于;涉及= about = regarding
15.living adj. /n. make/ earn one’s living 谋生
What do you do for a living ?你靠什么谋生? I earn her living as a teacher.
16.adapt v.(~ to)适应;调整;改编 → adaptation n.适应;改编
→ adaptable adj. 适应性强的;能适应的
adaptive adj. 能够自动调整适应的
汽车的自适应巡航控制系统能根据前车速度自动调整车速。
(The car's adaptive cruise control...)
形近词:adjust v. 调整,调节;(~ to)适应 --- adjustment n.
adopt v. 采纳,采用;收养 --- adoption n. --- adoptive adj. 收养的,有收养关系的
17.measure n./v. --- measurement n.测量;测量的结果;尺寸
--- measurable adj. 显著的;可测量的 --- measurably adv.
chest/waist measurement 胸围╱腰围
measurable improvements/ progress 显著的提升/ 进步
take measures/ steps/ action to do sth 采取措施做某事
阅读中常见的 “显著的” 含义的形容词:
measurable,noticeable,remarkable,significant,notable
18.authority n. --- authorize v. 批准;授权
19.plain n.平原 adj. 朴素的;简易的;纯色的;简单明了的;相貌平平的;普通的
20.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守(obey);庆祝(celebrate);说话,评论(comment)→observation n.观察
21.beauty n.美;美人;美好的东西→ beautiful adj. 美丽的;美好的→ beautify vt. 美化
22.remind vt.提醒;使想起→ reminder n.提醒者/物;引起回忆的事物
常考常用句型:
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb) that ... 提醒(某人)……
sth. serves as a reminder that +从句/ of +名词 sth.使某人想起...、sth.提醒某人...
(写作常用句型)
The incident served as a timely reminder of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.
这次事故及时地提醒了人们登山运动有时会多么危险。
The last thing you'd want is a constant reminder of a bad experience.
你最不想要的就是不断让你想起一段糟糕经历的东西。
It serves as a reminder that kindness, generous help and love will influence others and be rewarded. Virtue is a reward itself.
它提醒我们,善良、慷慨的帮助和爱会影响他人并得到回报。美德本身就是一种回报。
(读后续写之主旨升华)
23.fur n. --- furry adj. 毛茸茸的 (动物);毛一般的
fluff n.(禽兽,尤指幼者的)绒毛;(衣服等上的)绒毛,蓬松毛团 --- fluffy adj. 绒毛般的;覆有绒毛的;(食物)松软的;(毛巾等)柔软的
a little fluffy kitten 毛茸茸的小猫 fluffy white clouds 轻飘飘的白云
floppy adj. 松散下垂的;耷拉的
small furry animals
The dog has floppy ears.
24.shoot v. (shot, shot)该词一词多义,用法广泛,
基础含义:v. 开枪,射击,发射;射杀/伤 n. 嫩芽(bamboo shoot 竹笋);摄影
读后续写中可用于动作描写的含义:
猛冲
They had almost reached the boat when a figure shot past them.
他们几乎快要到达船上时,一个人影冲过他们身旁。
猛地移动
Masters shot a hand across the table and gripped his wrist.
师傅突然把一只手伸过桌子,抓住他的手腕。
As soon as she got close, the old woman's hand shot out.
她一靠近,那个老妇人的手就猛地伸了出来。
25.profit n. --- profitable adj. 有利润的;有益的;有好处的 --- nonprofit adj.非营利的
a highly profitable business一家赢利很高的企业
She spent a profitable afternoon in the library. 她在图书馆待了一个下午,颇有收获。
26.watch out 小心,留意
Watch out! There's a car coming! 小心!汽车来了!
27.effective adj.有效的;生效的→ effect n.效果;影响→ affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭
28.recover vi.恢复;康复 (from) vt.找回;寻回→ recovery n.恢复
29.remove v. --- removal n.
30.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要→ intention n.用意;目的;意图
--- intentional adj. 故意的,存心的 (deliberate/dɪˈlɪbərət/)
--- unintentional adj. 无意的,不是故意的
--- well-intentioned adj. 用意良好的 (但却常事与愿违)
31.threat n.威胁→threaten vt.威胁;危及 --- threatened adj. 受到威胁的
--- threatening adj. 令人感到威胁的;恐吓的
32.exist vi.存在;生存→ existence n.存在;生存→ existing adj.现存的;现有的
33.harmony n.和谐;融洽→ harmonious adj.和谐的
--- harmonize v. 使和谐统一,使协调一致
34.reduce v. 减少;使(sb./sth.)降至(某种状态、境地或角色)(reduce...to...);使变稠
They were reduced to extreme poverty. 他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。
He was reduced to begging for a living. 他不得不以乞讨为生。
a beautiful building reduced to ruins 已化为废墟的漂亮建筑
阅读中“减少,下降”含义的动词:
reduce,decrease,drop,decline,fall,lower
35.due adj. 因为,由于;预期,预计,到期的;应归于;适当的
英语中常见的表示“因为,由于”的短语:due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to,
as a result of, because of
owe/ attribute ... to... 把...归因于
36.net n. / adj. 净得的,纯的 net profit 纯利润 net income 纯收入
37.stir v. (-rr-) 激起,萌生(某种感觉、情绪);搅动,搅拌;(使)微动
She stirred her tea. 她搅了搅茶。
a book that really stirs the imagination 很能激发人的想象力的书
A feeling of guilt began to stir in her. 她心里渐渐生出了内疚感。
Outside the window was a tranquil garden bathed in silvery moonlight, with trees and flowers stirring gently in the breeze. (读后续写环境描写)
窗外是一个宁静的花园,沐浴在银色的月光下,树木和花朵在微风中轻轻摇曳。
38.emotion n.感情;情感;情绪→ emotional adj.情感的;情绪的
39.skin n./v.(-nn-)削皮,剥皮(peel v./n.果皮);擦破(身体某部位的)皮肤
--- skinny adj. 紧身的;瘦得皮包骨的
skinny jeans
40.as usual 照旧;像往常一样
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