内容正文:
专题07 八下Units1-4(复习讲义)(沪教牛津版教材梳理)
目 录
01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02思维导图·网络构建 2
03考点通关·靶向突破 2
考点1 重点词汇 2
考点2 易混词辨析 12
考点3 重点句型 16
考点4 重点语法 18
04优题精选·练能提分 25
考点
课标要求
复习目标
重点单词
掌握重点词汇:disabled、raise、offer、organize、express、difficulty、suffer、remind、sure、shake、impression、description、describe、practise、set off、ready、warning、record、appear、thought、separately、play等的用法
1. 掌握重点单词、短语的拼写、词义及搭配,能语境运用;明晰易混点,规避错误。
2.活用重点句型,提升语用能力;掌握非谓语、被动语态、状语从句 等核心语法,确保表达准确。
3. 熟悉考法,针对性强化薄弱点,提升应试效率与正确率。
易混词辨析
掌握易混词/短语:in order to、in order that、so that、so…that…;lonely、alone;accept、receive;take place、happen;later、late、lately;message、information、news;bored、boring;cross、through、across;used to、be used to do、be used to doing;please、pleasant、pleased
重点句型
1. so that...句型
2. although 引导让步状语从句
3. It is + 形容词(+for sb)+ to do sth.
重点语法
1. 动词不定式
2. 动名词
3. 被动语态
命题预测
单词、易混词辨析、句型和语法会融合到各种题型中考查。通常在语法选择、完成句子、语篇填词、语法填空等题型中考查。其中动词不定式、动名词、被动语态中考的高频及核心考点。
考点1 重点词汇
1.disabled
【教材原文】 Helping disabled people (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】disabled是形容词,意为“丧失能力的;有残疾的”。
(1)disable v. 使……失去能力
He was disabled in the accident. 他在那次事故中成了残疾。
(2)able adj. 有能力的 (be able to do sth. 能够做某事)→ ability n. 能力
【例句】
· We should give a hand to disabled people in our daily life.在日常生活中,我们应该向残疾人伸出援手。
· We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。= We have the ability to do this.
2.raise
【教材原文】 helping raise money (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】
(1)raise 作及物动词,意为 “筹募;提高;增加”。
常用于短语 raise money 筹钱;raise one's spirits使振奋;使鼓起勇气; raise one’s voice 提高嗓门
(2)raise 还可意为 “饲养”,raise pets 意为 “养宠物”。
(3)raise 还可意为 “举起,”如: raise your hand 举起你的手
【例句】
· We are helping raise money for the homeless people in the flood-stricken area.我们正在为洪灾地区的无家可归者筹钱。
· The news raised our spirits.这个消息让我们精神振奋。
· The teacher asked us to raise our hands if we had any questions.老师让我们如果有问题就举手。
3.offer
【教材原文】Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】offer作动词,意为“主动提出”。
【常用搭配】
(1)offer to do sth.,意为“主动提出做某事"。
(2)offer sb. sth.等同于offer sth to sb. 意为“给某人提供某物”。
【辨析】
【例句】
· They offered to clean the classroom. 他们主动提出打扫教室。
· The school provides books for the students.学校为学生提供书本。
=The school provides the students with books.
· My friend offers me some advice. 我的朋友给我提了一些建议。
=My friend offers some advice to me.
4. organize
【教材原文】We organized a painting competition for them.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】organize作及物动词,意为“组织;筹备”。
【拓展】
(1)organization n. 组织,机构;安排
(2)organizer n.组织者,发起人
【例句】
· He will organize a trip to the park this weekend. 他这周末会组织一次去公园的郊游。
· She works for an international charity organization. 她在一家国际慈善组织工作。
· He is the main organizer of the sports meeting. 他是这场运动会的主要组织者。
5. express
【教材原文】This helps them express their feelings.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】express作及物动词,意为“表达:表露”。
【拓展】
(1)expression n. 表达;表情;词句
(2)expressive adj. 善于表达的;富有表现力的
【例句】
· She can express her ideas clearly. 她能清晰地表达自己的想法。
· Her expression shows that she is sad. 她的表情说明她很难过。
· She is an expressive girl and likes sharing her thoughts. 她是个善于表达的女孩,喜欢分享想法。
6. difficulty
【教材原文】They have difficulty walking or moving. (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】difficulty 作名词,意为 “困难;难事;困境”,可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词.
【常用搭配】
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(in 可省略)(trouble、problem可替换difficulty)
without difficulty 毫无困难地
【拓展】
(1)difficult adj. 困难的;费力的;难相处的
(2)difficultly adv. 困难地
【例句】
· I have difficulty (in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。
· She finished the work without difficulty. 她毫无困难地完成了这项工作。
· This book is too difficult for me. 这本书对我来说太难了。
· He walked difficultly because of his injured leg. 他因为腿受伤,走路很困难。
7. suffer
【教材原文】The children there all suffer from serious illness. (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】
(1)作不及物动词,后接介词 from,表示 “患有(某种疾病);受…… 之苦;因…… 而遭殃”,侧重因外在事物(疾病、灾害、不利条件等)带来的痛苦或负面影响。
(2)作及物动词,直接接宾语,意为 “遭受;蒙受(损失、痛苦、失败等)”,侧重承受某种具体的不幸、伤害或损失。
【拓展】suffer的名词形式为suffering(痛苦;苦难)和sufferer(患者;受害者)
【例句】
· She suffers from a bad headache every winter. 她每年冬天都严重头痛。
· His family suffered a great loss in the accident. 他的家人在这场事故中蒙受了巨大损失。
8. remind
【教材原文】 She wanted to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday. (八下Unit2)
【主要用法】 remind作动词,意为“提醒:使想起”。
【常用搭配】
(1)remind sb. that 从句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……
(2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事(表未做的动作)
(3)remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人 / 某事
(4)remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事
【例句】
· Please remind me to turn off the lights before leaving. 请提醒我离开前关灯。
· This old song reminds me of my primary school teacher. 这首老歌让我想起了我的小学老师。
· Could you remind me about the English test this Friday? 你能提醒我这周五的英语考试吗?
· He reminded his parents that they would go to the zoo this weekend. 他提醒父母这周末要去动物园。
9. sure
【教材原句】 I’m not sure.我不确定。(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】
(1)作形容词,意为确定的;确信的;肯定的,可作表语 / 定语,日常口语和书面语中均常用;
(2)口语中可单独使用,意为当然;一定,相当于 of course/certainly;
(3)否定形式为not sure,表 “不确定、不确信”。
【常用搭配】
(1)be sure (of/ about sth.) 确信某事;对某事有把握
(2)be sure (to do sth.) 务必做某事;一定会做某事
(3)be sure (that 从句) 确信 / 肯定……(that 可省略)
(4)make sure (of sth/that 从句) 确保;查明
(5)for sure 无疑, 确切地
【例句】
· I’m not sure about the answer. 我对答案不确定。
· She is sure of her success. 她确信自己会成功。
· Be sure to close the door when you leave. 你离开时务必关门。
· I’m sure (that) he will come. 我肯定他会来。
· Make sure (that) you finish your homework first. 确保你先完成作业。
· I know for sure where she is. 我确切知道她在哪里。
10. shake
【教材原句】 shaking hands(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】
(1)作及物动词(v.),核心含义为摇动;抖动;握手。其过去式是shook ,过去分词是shaken ,现在分词 shaking。
(2)可作不及物动词,表 “摇晃;颤抖”(如身体因寒冷 / 害怕抖动)。
【例句】
· She shook her head and said "no". 她摇了摇头说 “不”。
· She shook with cold in the snow. 她在雪地里冻得发抖。
11. impression
【教材原句】】You made a good impression on her, Simon.(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】impression 是名词,意为“印象”。
【常见搭配】make/ leave a good impression on sb. 给人留下好印象
【拓展】impression的动词形式为impress,意为“留下印象”;形容词是impressive,意为 “令人印象深刻的”。
【例句】
· He made a good impression on his new classmates.他给新同学留下了好印象。
· Your kindness really impressed me.你的善良真的给我留下了深刻印象。
· It is an impressive performance.这是一场令人印象深刻的表演。
12. description
【教材原句】Listen to a description of a picture.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】description 作名词,意为 “说明,形容”。
【拓展】
(1) describe 作动词(八下Unit3),意为 “描述,形容”。(八下Unit3)相当于 give a description of。
【例句】
· Can you give a detailed description of your new school?你能详细描述一下你的新学校吗?
=Can you describe your new school in detail?
(2) 名词构词法:
后缀
例词
-ation
act 行动 → action 行动;celebrate 庆祝 → celebration 庆祝活动
-ition
compose 创作 → composition 作品;expedition 远征 → expedition 远征队
-ance
appear 出现 → appearance 外貌;perform 表现 → performance 表演
-ence
exist 存在 → existence 存在;prefer 偏爱 → preference 偏好
-ment
develop 发展 → development 发展;achieve 实现 → achievement 成就
13.practise
【教材原句】Cormorants fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】作动词(v.),英式拼写为practise,美式拼写为practice;practice 也可作名词(n.),表 “练习;实践”,而 practise 仅作动词。
【常见搭配】
(1)practise + 名词:practise the piano 练钢琴 /practise English 练英语
(2)practise + 动名词:practise doing sth 练习做某事
【例句】
· I practise the violin for 30 minutes every evening.我每天晚上练 30 分钟小提琴。
· You must practise speaking English every day.你必须每天练习说英语。
14.set off
【教材原句】Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】
(1)出发;动身;启程,多用于表示开始一段行程,可与set out互换。
(2)使爆炸;点燃(如鞭炮、烟花、炸弹等)。
【常见搭配】
(1)set off for + 地点 出发去某地
(2)set off fireworks/firecrackers 放烟花 / 鞭炮
(3)set off at + 具体时间 在某一具体时间出发
【例句】
· We will set off for Beijing tomorrow morning.我们明天早上将出发去北京。
· She set off at 6 o'clock to catch the early train.她六点动身去赶早班火车。
· Children like to set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节期间放鞭炮。
【拓展】set 相关短语
set out 出发;动身(后接 for + 地点 / 不定式 to do)
set up 建立;设立;创办(后接机构、组织、公司等)
set down 写下;记下;放下
set back 推迟;阻碍
set an example 树立榜样
15. ready
【教材原句】Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】ready作形容词,意为"准备好"。
【常见搭配】
(1)get sb./sth. ready for sth. 使某人 / 某物为某事做好准备
(2)be ready for sth. 为某事做好准备
(3)be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事;乐意做某事
【例句】
· We must get the room ready for the meeting.我们必须为会议准备好房间。
· Are you ready for the sports meeting?你准备好参加运动会了吗?
· They are ready to go to the park this weekend.他们准备这周末去公园了。
16.warning
【教材原句】Learn to give warnings. 学会发出警告。(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)warning 是名词,意为“警示, 预先通知”。
(2)warn 作动词(v.),意为 “警告;告诫;提醒”,后接宾语时可搭配不同介词/不定式,表达不同的警告对象和内容。
【拓展搭配】
(1)warn sb. about sth. 提醒 / 警告某人关于某事
(2)warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事
(3)warn sb. against (doing) sth. 告诫某人不要做某事;提醒某人提防某事
(4)warn sb.+ that 从句
【例句】
· My teacher warned me about the important points in the exam.老师提醒我注意考试中的重点内容。
· The mother warned her child not to play near the river.妈妈告诫孩子不要在河边玩耍。
· We should warn teenagers against talking to strangers online.我们应该告诫青少年不要在网上和陌生人交谈。
· She warned me that there might be a heavy rain on the way to the mountain.她提醒我,去山上的路上可能会下大雨。
17. record
【教材原句】Record the voices and sound effects.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作动词(v.)/rɪˈkɔːd/:录制(声音、视频);记录,记载
(2)作名词(n.)/ˈrekɔːd/:记录;唱片;档案,履历
【常见搭配】
(1)break a record 打破纪录
(2)keep a record 保持纪录;做记录
(3)set a record 创造纪录
【例句】
· We need to record the dialogue for the cartoon.我们需要为这部动画片录制对话。
· My grandpa has a lot of old music records at home.(我爷爷家里有很多老式音乐唱片。
· He set a new record in the 100-meter race.他在 100 米赛跑中创造了新纪录。
18. appear
【教材原句】To make the characters and things appear to move...(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作动词,意为看起来;似乎,同seem.
(2)作动词,意为出现;显现;露面;反义词是“disappear”。
【常见搭配】
(1)appear to do sth. 看起来做某事;似乎做某事
(2)appear to be + n./adj. 看起来是……
【例句】
· He appears to know the answer to this difficult question.他似乎知道这道难题的答案。
· She appears to be very tired after the long trip.长途旅行后,她看起来十分疲惫。
· A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.雨后,天空中出现了一道彩虹。
19. thought
【教材原句】This is a “thought bubble”for the words that the character is thinking of.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作名词 (n.),意为想法;主意;思想。
(2)作动词 think 的过去式 / 过去分词,意为 “想;认为;思考”。
【例句】
· She had a good thought about how to solve the problem.她想到了一个解决这个问题的好主意。
· I thought you would come to the party yesterday.我原以为你昨天会来参加派对。
20. separately
【教材原句】Sound effects,like the noise of the underground, must also be added separately. (八下Unit4)
【主要用法】separately作副词,意为“单独地,分别地”。
【拓展】形容词形式为separate,意为 “单独的;分开的;各自的。separate 也可做动词,意为“分离,使分开”。常用搭配separate...from...(把…… 和…… 分开)。
【例句】
· The two tasks should be finished separately.这两项任务需要分别完成。
· There is a separate entrance for visitors.访客有单独的入口。
· The river separates this village from that one.这条河把这个村子和那个村子分隔开。
21. play
【教材原句】After everything has been checked,the cartoon is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)玩;玩耍 如:play with
(2)参加(比赛 / 运动);打 / 踢(球)如:play football 踢足球; play against 同…比赛(八下Unit4)
(3)演奏;弹奏(乐器)如:play the piano
(4)播放(音频、视频、影视等)如:play a song 播放歌曲
【例句】
· The kids like to play with sand on the beach.孩子们喜欢在沙滩上玩沙子。
· She can play the guitar and the piano.她既会弹吉他,也会弹钢琴。
· Our team will play against Class 5 in the basketball match tomorrow.我们队明天将在篮球赛中对阵五班。
· The radio is playing my favorite song now.收音机现在正在放我最喜欢的歌。
1. The teacher warned us ________ too much time on computer games.
A.not to spend B.not spend C.don’t spend D.to not spend
2. Tina is always ready ______ people in need.
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps
3. We can practise ______ happiness to ourselves. It’s like putting money in the bank.
A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.to bringing
4. The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us ________ action right now.
A.to take B.take C.taking D.to taking
5. These pictures remind me ________ the old days.
A.of B.to C.for D.with
6. Peter has been suffering ________ the headache for three days.
A.with B.under C.from D.for
7. Do you have difficulty ________ with your parents?
A.to talk B.of talking C.talking D.talk
8. He appeared ________ my advice.
A.accept B.accepted C.accepting D.to accept
9. Our team will play ______ Class Two in the basketball match tomorrow.
A.with B.for C.against D.about
10. We need to ______ before sunrise, or we’ll miss the morning view on the mountain.
A.set up B.set off C.set sail D.set down
二、选词填空
offer, provide
1.Linda to give her seat to an old man on the bus yesterday.
2.I heard the company your father a very good job.
3.—What else can we give the children in poor areas?
—I think we can them with books and clothes.
考点2 易混词辨析
1. in order to, in order that, so that 与so..that..的用法区别
易混词组
意义
用法
例句
in order to
目的在于;为了
后面常接动词原形
She studies hard in order to pass the exam.她努力学习是为了通过考试。
in order that
为了
后面接从句(通常用情态动词 may/might/can/could)
We set off early in order that we might arrive before dark.我们早点出发,以便能在天黑前到达。
so that
为了;目的是
后面接从句(通常用情态动词 can/could/may/might)
Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.请大声说,让每个人都能听到。
so…that…
如此……以至于……
后面接从句,“so” 后接形容词或副词
It was so cold that we stayed at home all day.天气太冷了,我们一整天都待在家里。
2. lonely和alone
(1)lonely 形容词。孤独的;寂寞的;表示(主观感情上的)孤单寂寞。指精神上的孤单。
(2) alone 形容词或副词。意为“孤单的;一个人;独自地”, 表示(客观上的)独自,单独。指形体上的单独,独自一人。同义词组为:by oneself或on one’s own。它通常作表语或状语,不能放在名词之前。
例句:
· He feels lonely because he has no friends here. 他觉得很孤独,因为他在这里没有朋友。
· She lives in a lonely village in the mountains. 她住在山里一个偏僻的村子里。
· She is alone at home today. 她今天独自一人在家。(adj. 作表语)
· He went to the park alone. 他独自去了公园。(adv. 作状语)
3. accept和receive
一言辨析:
I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了他的聚会请束,但我拒绝接受。
4. take place和happen
词汇
用法
例句
happen
常用于偶然或突发事件;意为“发生”。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
What happened to you?你发生了什么事?
take place
一般指某事根据安排或计划发生;意为“发生、举行、举办”。
When will your wedding take place? 你们的婚礼什么时候举行?
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five years. 在过去的五年里我的家乡发生了很大变化。
相同点
take place和happen都没有被动语态。
5. later, late和lately
词汇
词性和核心用法
例句
late
① 形容词:迟的、晚的(修饰名词)
② 副词:迟到、晚地(修饰动词)
1. He is late for school. 他上学迟到了。
2. She gets up late every day. 她每天起床很晚。
later
① 副词:稍后、后来(late的副词比较级,表时间先后,最常用)
② 形容词:更迟的
★ 常搭:later on(稍后)/ sooner or later(迟早)
1. I'll call you later. 我稍后给你打电话。
2. Later, we went to the park. 后来,我们去了公园。
3. Sooner or later, you will understand. 你迟早会明白的。
lately
副词;最近、近来(= recently)
★ 常与现在完成时/一般现在时连用,放句首/句末
1. Have you seen her lately? 你最近见过她吗?
2. Lately, it rains a lot. 最近雨下得很多。
6. message, information和news
(1)message:可数名词。指口信、短信、留言;个人之间传递的具体、有明确接收者的消息。
【常用表达】leave a message 留口信;take a message 捎口信;send a message 发消息
例句:She left a message on my desk this morning.她今天早上在我桌上留了个口信。
(2)information:不可数名词。指信息、资料、情报;泛指各类有用的、零散的,无明确接收者的信息
【常用表达】collect information 收集信息 some /much information 一些(很多)信息
例句:We can collect some information on the Internet.我们可以在网上收集一些信息。
(3)news:不可数名词。指新闻、消息;报纸 / 电视 / 网络上的、公众关注的新鲜事。
【常用表达】一则新闻 a piece of news some news 一些新闻
例句:I heard a piece of good news from my teacher.我从老师那里听到了一则好消息。
7. bored和boring
bored 作形容词,意为 “感到厌烦的”,常用于短语 be bored with sb/sth,意为 “对某人 / 某事感到厌烦”。
There was a bored expression on his face.他脸上有一种厌倦的表情。
易混词
意义
用法
例句
bored
(对某人/某物)厌倦的;烦闷的
常用于修饰人
I am bored with this movie. 我对这部电影感到厌烦。
boring
令人厌倦的;无聊的
常用于修饰物
This movie is so boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
8. 辨析cross,through和 across
词汇
词性
核心含义
用法特点
例句
cross
动词
穿过;越过;交叉
作谓语,直接表达“穿过”的动作
1. She crosses the street every morning.她每天早上过马路。
2. They cross the river by boat.他们坐船过河。
through
介词
穿过;通过
强调从内部穿过,常与go/walk等动词连用
1. We walk through the forest together.我们一起穿过森林。
2. The light goes through the window.光透过窗户照进来。
across
介词
穿过;横过
强调从表面横穿,常与go/walk/run等动词连用
1. He runs across the playground.他跑过操场。
2. Let's go across the bridge.(我们过桥吧。
9. 辨析used to/ be used to do/ be used to doing
例句:I used to ride a bike to school. 我过去常常骑自行车上学。
She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。
A pen is used to write words. 钢笔是用来写字的。
10. please,pleasant和pleased
单词
核心用法&修饰对象
常用搭配
经典例句
please(感叹词/动词)
① 感叹词:表礼貌请求,无修饰
② 动词:表“使高兴、取悦”,后接人作宾语
动词搭配:please sb
1. Please open the window.(感叹词)
2. This song will please you.(动词)
pleasant
(形容词)
① 常规:修饰物/环境/经历/天气,表“令人愉快的”
② 修饰人,表“和蔼可亲的、相处舒服的”(侧重外在特质/他人感受,不表内心情绪)
无固定搭配,直接修饰名词
1. It’s a pleasant spring day.(修饰物)
2. Sarah is a pleasant girl.(教材原句,修饰人)
pleased(形容词)
仅修饰人,表“感到高兴的、满意的”(侧重自身内心情绪,不修饰物)
必记固定搭配:
① be pleased with sb/sth
② be pleased to do sth
③ be pleased that+从句
1. I’m pleased with your answer.
2. She’s pleased to meet her old friend.
3. We are pleased that he won the game.
1. Although my brother is often ________, he seldom feels ________ because he likes to be by himself.
A.lonely; alone B.alone; lonely C.alone; alone D.lonely; lonely
2. He ________ from his seat and ________ his hand.
A.rose; raised B.raised; rose C.raised; rise D.rose; raise
3. Susan ____ a scholarship offer from a foreign university. However, she needs to think carefully before she ____ it.
A.received; receives B.accepted; receives
C.received; accepts D.accepted; accepts
4. —This movie is so ________. I don’t want to see it again.
—Me too. I felt ________ when I saw it.
A.boring; boring B.bored; boring C.boring; bored D.bored; bored
5. —The driver arrived _________ and brought us a lot of trouble.
—I’m sorry to hear that. I will tell our leader his problem _________.
A.lately; later B.later; late C.late; lately D.late; later
6. My uncle_____go to work on foot, but now he ____going to work by motorcycle.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. is used to; is used to D. used to; used to
7. Stone can__ _bridges.
A. used to build B. be used to build
C. be used to building D. used for building
8. The trip was very ________ and it made all of us ________.
A.pleased; pleasant B.pleased; pleased C.pleasant; pleasant D.pleasant; pleased
9.For the next ten years, Mathild had not sent a _____ to her friend Jeanne.
A.information B.news C.message D.advice
10. —Look! The train is going ________ the tunnel. What high speed!
—If there are no traffic lights, don’t ________ the tracks. It’s dangerous!
A.across; through B.across; across C.through; through D.through; cross
二、完成句子
1.我们需要节约更多水资源,以便保护地球上有限的淡水资源。
We need to save more water protect the limited freshwater resources on Earth.
2.爸爸向妈妈求助,以便他可以继续跟李叔叔比赛。
Father asked Mother for help he continue the game with Uncle Lee.
3.遵义会址是如此的有名,以至于很多游客来这里感受“红色精神”。
The site of Zunyi Meeting is famous many tourists come here to enjoy the “red spirit”.
考点3 重点句型
1. so that... 句型
【教材原句】Joe read news and funny stories to her so that she did not feel lonely.(八下Unit1)
【句式结构】so that 引导目的状语从句时,表示 “以便;为了”,从句中常使用 can/could 等情态动词;引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用 can 等词,意思是 “因此;所以”。
【例句】
· He saved money so that he could buy a new bike for his son.他存钱以便能给儿子买一辆新自行车。
2. although引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.(八下Unit 3)
【句式结构】although 为连词,意为 “虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but 连用(可与 yet/still 连用);从句可放句首(需用逗号与主句隔开),也可放在主句后。
【例句】
· Although it was raining hard, we still went to the park.虽然雨下得很大,我们还是去了公园。
· She keeps smiling although she is very tired.尽管她非常疲惫,依然面带微笑。
3. It is + 形容词(+for sb)+ to do sth.
【教材原句】...but it's more important for me to develop other skills at the moment...(八下Unit3)
【句式结构】"It is +形容词(+for sb)+to do sth"是固定句式,意为“做某事(对于某人来说)是……的"。It是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主请。常用于此句式的形容词有difficult,easy,hard,interesting,dangerous, important, useful等。
【拓展】“It is +形容词+of sb to do sth"也是固定句式,意为“某人做某事是……的",t是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语,形容词是描述人的品质等的词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(憾惰的)。
【例句】
· It is dangerous for children to play near the river.对孩子们来说,在河边玩耍很危险。
· It is polite of her to say hello to teachers every day.她很有礼貌,每天都和老师打招呼。
1. —________ we are busy, ________ we can’t forget to show love to our parents.
—That’s right. Parents are the most important people in our life.
A.Although, but B.Because, although
C.So, although D.Although, /
2.________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground.
A.That; to return B.This; returning C.It; to return D.It; returning
3.我的朋友们都觉得对于学生来说能通过这些活动学到更多东西真是幸运。
My friends all think that _________ _________ for students _________ _________ more from the activities.
4. 我应该多读书,以便我能赶上同学。(catch up with)(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________
考点4 重点语法
一、动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式:
基本形式:to+动词原形(有时可以省略to);否定形式:“not (+to)+动词原形”。
例句:My mom asks me to clean the room every day.
The teacher tells us not to waste water and electricity.
I often see him read books in the library.
二、句法功能详解
1. 动词不定式作主语
①动词不定式作主语的用法
用法
例句
动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时,通常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语置于句末。
To learn English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
It’s important to have good habits.
养成好习惯很重要的。
②it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型
句型
例句
It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。
It was hard for him to learn English well.
=To learn English well was hard for him.
对他来说学好英语太难了。
It is/was+adj.+to do sth.做某事是……的。
It's not easy to pass the exam.
(=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。
It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是……
It is my pleasure to help you.帮助你是我的荣幸。
It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。
it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
某人花多长时间做某事
It took me three hours to repair the TV set.
我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。
It's time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。
It's time to go to school. 是时候上学了。
2.动词不定式作宾语
(1)动词不定式作宾语的用法
用法
例句
直接宾语:动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。
形式宾语:动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语(动词不定式)后置。常用动词:find, think, feel, make, consider, believe 等。
I forgot to bring the key to my house.
我忘记带家里的钥匙了。
She thinks it important to read every day.
她认为每天阅读很重要。
动词不定式作介词的宾语,不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语,而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
They are talking about how to solve the problem.
他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。
(2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
refuse
拒绝
decide
决定
would like
想要
like
喜欢
want
想要
plan
计划
offer
提供
wish
希望
pretend
假装
hope
希望
forget
忘记
learn
学习
agree
同意
need
需要
expect
期望
promise
承诺
afford
承担得起
manage
完成
try
努力
help
帮助
start
开始
begin
开始
prepare
准备
choose
选择
助记口诀:
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
需要拒绝莫忘记,(need、refuse、forget)
想要学习就努力,(want、learn、try)
希望帮助并同意,(hope/wish、help、agree)
喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin)
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法
用法
例句
多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。
My mother asks me to eat fruit every day.
我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。
(2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
allow允许
order命令
teach教
warn警告
ask要求
decide决定
tell告诉
encourage鼓励
invite邀请
want想要
advise建议
expect期望
wish希望
force强迫
would like想要
4.动词不定式作状语的用法
用法
例句
作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首,也可放在句尾。表示“为了……,以便……”。
Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
=To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard.
汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。
作结果状语,常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此
……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料,竟然)。
He isn't strong enough to lift the box.
他不够强壮,提不起这个箱子。
作原因状语,通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后,常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。
I'm glad to see you.
见到你很高兴。
知识拓展:
作结果状语,有的结构可以同义转换:
1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。
He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes.
→He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。
2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。
The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.
→The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了,她能够到树上的苹果。
口诀助记:
不定式,用作状
“目的”、“结果”两最忙;
“形表”之后也出现,表示“原因”记心上。
二、动名词
一、动名词的形式
动名词的形式:动词原形+ing;否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”
Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。
Do you mind turning down the radio? 你介意把收音机音量调低点吗?
二、动名词的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
作主语
动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作,有时也用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。
Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
宾语
①动名词既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
②动名词作宾语时,若后接宾语补足语,常用形式宾语it。常用句型:
It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处...
Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter.
莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。
作表语
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
His hobby is planting flowers.
=Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。
作定语
说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前。
The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people.
这个会议室太小,容纳不了30人。
易错点:
不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换,但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作,强调动作本身;动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象,时间概念不强调事情本身;有时也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式后置。
三、后接动名词作宾语的常考动词(短语)
avoid避免
consider考虑
mind介意
finish完成
imagine想象
suggest建议
enjoy喜欢
keep坚持
practice练习
miss 错过
admit 承认、deny 否认
escape 逃避
give up 放弃
look forward to 期待
get used to 习惯
feel like 想要
be worth 值得
be busy 忙于
can't help 情不自禁
pay attention to 注意
四、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
sth.need doing 某事需要被做
need to do sth.需要去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
continue doing sth.继续做同一件事
continue to do sth.继续做另一件事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事
三、被动语态
一、被动语态的结构
被动语态由“系动词be+动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化,主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。
以动词do为例,几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下:
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+done
English is spoken in many countries.很多国家都说英语。
一般过去时
was/were+done
This bridge was built in 2010.这座桥是 2010 年建成的。
一般将来时
will/shall+be+done
A new library will be built next year.明年将会建一座新图书馆。
含情态动词
情态动词+be+done
The work must be finished before Friday.这项工作必须在周五前完成。
现在完成时
have/has been done
My homework has been finished already.我的作业已经做完了。
二、被动语态的句型
一般来说,只有带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。一般被动形式的否定式是在其肯定式中第一个助动词后加not;疑问式是将肯定式中第一个助动词提到主语前。具体如下:
句式
结构
以含be+done为例
肯定句
主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+过去分词(+by...)+其他.
It was invented in 1893.
它在1893年被发明。
否定句
主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+not+过去分词(+by...)+其他.
Teenagers are not allowed to watch this TV show.青少年不被允许观看这个电视节目。
一般疑问句
be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他?
Is this plate made of silver?
这个盘子时银制的吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be动词、助动词、情态动词 +主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他?
What are these coats made of?
这些外套是由什么制成的?
三、 主动变被动
一般情况:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词变被动
特殊情况
①双宾语:
情况一:若将间接宾语转化为主语,则保留直接宾语。
被动语态结构:主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语).
情况二:若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
被动语态结构:主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语).
注意:
1.主动语态变为被动语态后,间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。
2.主动语态变为被动语态后,间接宾语前带for的动词有:buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。
②还原“to”的被动语态:
在主动语态中有些感官动词(see,watch,hear,feel, notice等)和使役动词(have,let,make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原,不定式为主语补足语,即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. heard/seen to do sth.。
例如:We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态)
→He is often heard to play the guitar by us.(被动语态)
四、无被动的情况
(1)不及物动词(短语)无被动,如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。
The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。
(2)open, lock, write, read, sell,clean,burn等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,用于描述主语的特征或性质,,可用主动语态表被动意义。
如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)look,sound,taste,smell,feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构,故用主动结构表被动意义。
如:My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。
She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。
(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done,to be done为不定式的被动结构。
如:Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.
=Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。
(5)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。
如:The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。
1. My mother often tells me ________ too much time playing computer games. It’s bad for my eyes.
A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don’t spend D.not spend
2. She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English.
A.join B.joined C.joining D.to join
3. The students were asked ________ some interesting pictures for the sick kids.
A.draw B.to draw C.drawing D.to drawing
4.(重难点)The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime.
A.it; get B.it; getting C.that; to get D.it; to get
5. ________ tasks too hard will cause students ________ easily.
A.Make; to give up B.Make; give up
C.Making; to give up D.Making; give up
6. (易错题)Miss Li is very funny. She often makes her students _________.
A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed
7. (易错题)Great changes ________ in Guangzhou in recent years.
A.have been taken place B.have taken place
C.took place D.take place
8. His bike is broken. It needs ________ soon.
A.be repaired B.to be repair C.repairing D.be mended
9. (易错题)Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning.
A.stand B.stood C.to stand D.standing
10. It’s worth ________ the Palace Museum. There are many art treasures in it.
A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited
11. —What is mum cooking in the kitchen?
—Fish, I guess. How nice it ________!
A.is smelling B.is smelt C.will smell D.smells
12. (2025·吉林长春·中考真题)________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens.
A.To keep B.Keep C.Kept D.Keeping
13. This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily.
A.feels, breaks B.is felt, breaks C.feels, is broken D.is felt, is broken
14. (2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________.
A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted
15. (2025·北京·中考真题)Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days.
A.use B.used C.are used D.were used
一、单项选择
1. Tom’s dream is ________ a volunteer so that he can help those people ________.
A.to be, in need B.being, with need
C.being, in need D.to be, in needing
2. ________ the final exam, Jack refused ________ with his friends last weekend.
A.To pass; to go out B.Passing; going out
C.To pass; going out D.Passing; to go out
3. — Kate feels ________ because she is new here.
—I think you should offer ________ friends with her. You are classmates.
A.lonely; to make B.alone; making C.lonely; making D.alone; to make
4. — Ms. Wang, I have difficulty ________ the article.
— Remember ________ it three times at least.
A.to understand; reading B.understanding; reading
C.understanding; to read D.to understand; to read
5. Uncle Bob’s children are all in other cities, so he often feels ________.
A.lively B.enjoyable C.alone D.lonely
6. (易错题)We should do everything we can ________ the animals in danger.
A.save B.saved C.saving D.to save
7. It’s reported that the Olympic Games of 2028 will ________ in America.
A.be taken place B.take off C.take place D.be taken off
8. He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again.
A.made B.making C.to make D.makes
9. The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom.
A.organize B.to organize C.organizes D.organizing
10.(2025·云南昆明·三模)The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem.
A.research B.to research C.researching D.researched
11. (2025·四川广元·中考真题)We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value.
A.is considered B.was considered C.considered D.considers
12. (2025·云南·中考真题)The 12th World Games ________ in Chengdu in August, 2025.
A.holds B.held C.is held D.will be held
13.(2025·江西·中考真题)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month.
—Wow! Good news.
A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown
14.(2025·甘肃陇南·二模)This kind of flower must ________ every day, or it will die.
A.water B.be watered C.watering D.waters
15.(2025·上海·模拟预测)So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟).
A.are introduced B.were introduced C.have introduced D.have been introduced
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. My father has got used to (pay) the water fees online.
2. Though we always have (difficult) in our life, we should never give up.
3. We should give a hand to the ________ (able) people and show our kindness to them.
4. If you want to go out at night, you need to ask for (permit).
5. Don’t forget to the main character in your story. (description)
6. They need to walk together because only the team’s finishing time will be (record).
7. Vegetables and fruits are really good for our (healthy).
8. To keep our school clean, litter shouldn’t (throw) here and there.
9. We had a (please) journey to England this summer.
10. It’s our duty (protect) the environment. Let’s take action right away.
三、完成句子
1. (2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
2.(2024·广东广州·中考真题)下周,我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。
A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race.
3.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)我计划花一个下午教他们制作一个电子相册。
I planned to a whole afternoon them to make an electronic photo album.
4.(2024·广东广州·中考真题)体育老师鼓励他们,并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。
Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together.
5.(2025·广东广州·二模)为了帮助这些老人,我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。
these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week.
6.(2025·广东广州·三模)最近一项研究显示,很多人白天都习惯坐着。
According to a recent research, many people in the daytime.
7.我甚至连走路都有困难,于是我决定去看医生。
I even , so I decided to see a doctor.
8.我确信我们在茱莉亚的生日会上会玩得很愉快。
I we will have a good time at Julia’s birthday party.
9. 我妈妈每天都提醒我要喝足够的水。
My mother drink enough water every day.
10.他昨天主动提出帮我学英语。
He me with my English yesterday.
四、 短文填空
A (语篇填词)
根据下列篇章的意思及所给首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答案时,要求写出完整的单词。(每空限填一词。)
Body language is a powerful tool when interacting with others. Even when we don’t speak, our gestures, facial expressions, and postures can send m 1 to others. For example, standing up straight shows confidence; waving your hand shows that you are friendly; looking at your fingers shows others you’re not interested or b 2 .
When talking to someone, small actions also m 3 . Looking into the eyes of the speaker shows that you’re listening carefully. N 4 your head lets them know you understand. However, body language can be different from one culture to another, like too much eye contact can make some people uncomfortable. Learning these differences helps us do better in social c 5 .
B(语法填空)
阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The 15th National Games have received wide attention from millions of sports fans. Its opening ceremony (开幕式) has also become a hot topic 1 the Internet. While people waited for the ceremony to start, they were surprised 2 (see) so many kinds of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产).
One of 3 (attractive) shows was the flying Aoyu, a huge dragon-headed fish that flew slowly above the bright lights. In ancient Chinese 4 (story), the Aoyu means “number one in the exam.” Soon after, a long white-cloth dragon moved like a silver river across the field. Candles inside its body made it shine 5 (bright) in the dark, and the crowd called it “the ballet of dragons”. Between these moments, Kung Fu players performed 6 (power) and fast kicks. Cantonese Opera artists amazed the audience with 7 (they) wonderful singing voices. And lion dances were full of exciting moments. The wonderful mix of traditional art and modern lights showed young viewers 8 cultural confidence means. Even the Chaoshan Culture played 9 important part. The exciting Yingge Dance and Double Goose Dance also caught the eyes of everyone present.
All in all, the National Games are not only about winning medals, but also about traditions that 10 (keep) alive today.
1
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专题07 八下Units1-4(复习讲义)(沪教牛津版教材梳理)
目 录
01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02思维导图·网络构建 2
03考点通关·靶向突破 2
考点1 重点词汇 2
考点2 易混词辨析 13
考点3 重点句型 17
考点4 重点语法 21
04优题精选·练能提分 30
考点
课标要求
复习目标
重点单词
掌握重点词汇:disabled、raise、offer、organize、express、difficulty、suffer、remind、sure、shake、impression、description、describe、practise、set off、ready、warning、record、appear、thought、separately、play等的用法
1. 掌握重点单词、短语的拼写、词义及搭配,能语境运用;明晰易混点,规避错误。
2.活用重点句型,提升语用能力;掌握非谓语、被动语态、状语从句等核心语法,确保表达准确。
3. 熟悉考法,针对性强化薄弱点,提升应试效率与正确率。
易混词辨析
掌握易混词/短语:in order to、in order that、so that、so…that…;lonely、alone;accept、receive;take place、happen;later、late、lately;message、information、news;bored、boring;cross、through、across;used to、be used to do、be used to doing;please、pleasant、pleased
重点句型
1. so that...句型
2. although 引导让步状语从句
3. It is + 形容词(+for sb)+ to do sth.
重点语法
1. 动词不定式
2. 动名词
3. 被动语态
命题预测
单词、易混词辨析、句型和语法会融合到各种题型中考查。通常在语法选择、完成句子、语篇填词、语法填空等题型中考查。其中动词不定式、动名词、被动语态中考的高频及核心考点。
考点1 重点词汇
1.disabled
【教材原文】 Helping disabled people (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】disabled是形容词,意为“丧失能力的;有残疾的”。
(1)disable v. 使……失去能力
He was disabled in the accident. 他在那次事故中成了残疾。
(2)able adj. 有能力的 (be able to do sth. 能够做某事)→ ability n. 能力
【例句】
· We should give a hand to disabled people in our daily life.在日常生活中,我们应该向残疾人伸出援手。
· We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。= We have the ability to do this.
2.raise
【教材原文】 helping raise money (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】
(1)raise 作及物动词,意为 “筹募;提高;增加”。
常用于短语 raise money 筹钱;raise one's spirits使振奋;使鼓起勇气; raise one’s voice 提高嗓门
(2)raise 还可意为 “饲养”,raise pets 意为 “养宠物”。
(3)raise 还可意为 “举起,”如: raise your hand 举起你的手
【例句】
· We are helping raise money for the homeless people in the flood-stricken area.我们正在为洪灾地区的无家可归者筹钱。
· The news raised our spirits.这个消息让我们精神振奋。
· The teacher asked us to raise our hands if we had any questions.老师让我们如果有问题就举手。
3.offer
【教材原文】Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】offer作动词,意为“主动提出”。
【常用搭配】
(1)offer to do sth.,意为“主动提出做某事"。
(2)offer sb. sth.等同于offer sth to sb. 意为“给某人提供某物”。
【辨析】
【例句】
· They offered to clean the classroom. 他们主动提出打扫教室。
· The school provides books for the students.学校为学生提供书本。
=The school provides the students with books.
· My friend offers me some advice. 我的朋友给我提了一些建议。
=My friend offers some advice to me.
4. organize
【教材原文】We organized a painting competition for them.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】organize作及物动词,意为“组织;筹备”。
【拓展】
(1)organization n. 组织,机构;安排
(2)organizer n.组织者,发起人
【例句】
· He will organize a trip to the park this weekend. 他这周末会组织一次去公园的郊游。
· She works for an international charity organization. 她在一家国际慈善组织工作。
· He is the main organizer of the sports meeting. 他是这场运动会的主要组织者。
5. express
【教材原文】This helps them express their feelings.(八下Unit1)
【主要用法】express作及物动词,意为“表达:表露”。
【拓展】
(1)expression n. 表达;表情;词句
(2)expressive adj. 善于表达的;富有表现力的
【例句】
· She can express her ideas clearly. 她能清晰地表达自己的想法。
· Her expression shows that she is sad. 她的表情说明她很难过。
· She is an expressive girl and likes sharing her thoughts. 她是个善于表达的女孩,喜欢分享想法。
6. difficulty
【教材原文】They have difficulty walking or moving. (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】difficulty 作名词,意为 “困难;难事;困境”,可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词.
【常用搭配】
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(in 可省略)(trouble、problem可替换difficulty)
without difficulty 毫无困难地
【拓展】
(1)difficult adj. 困难的;费力的;难相处的
(2)difficultly adv. 困难地
【例句】
· I have difficulty (in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。
· She finished the work without difficulty. 她毫无困难地完成了这项工作。
· This book is too difficult for me. 这本书对我来说太难了。
· He walked difficultly because of his injured leg. 他因为腿受伤,走路很困难。
7. suffer
【教材原文】The children there all suffer from serious illness. (八下Unit1)
【主要用法】
(1)作不及物动词,后接介词 from,表示 “患有(某种疾病);受…… 之苦;因…… 而遭殃”,侧重因外在事物(疾病、灾害、不利条件等)带来的痛苦或负面影响。
(2)作及物动词,直接接宾语,意为 “遭受;蒙受(损失、痛苦、失败等)”,侧重承受某种具体的不幸、伤害或损失。
【拓展】suffer的名词形式为suffering(痛苦;苦难)和sufferer(患者;受害者)
【例句】
· She suffers from a bad headache every winter. 她每年冬天都严重头痛。
· His family suffered a great loss in the accident. 他的家人在这场事故中蒙受了巨大损失。
8. remind
【教材原文】 She wanted to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday. (八下Unit2)
【主要用法】 remind作动词,意为“提醒:使想起”。
【常用搭配】
(1)remind sb. that 从句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……
(2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事(表未做的动作)
(3)remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人 / 某事
(4)remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事
【例句】
· Please remind me to turn off the lights before leaving. 请提醒我离开前关灯。
· This old song reminds me of my primary school teacher. 这首老歌让我想起了我的小学老师。
· Could you remind me about the English test this Friday? 你能提醒我这周五的英语考试吗?
· He reminded his parents that they would go to the zoo this weekend. 他提醒父母这周末要去动物园。
9. sure
【教材原句】 I’m not sure.我不确定。(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】
(1)作形容词,意为确定的;确信的;肯定的,可作表语 / 定语,日常口语和书面语中均常用;
(2)口语中可单独使用,意为当然;一定,相当于 of course/certainly;
(3)否定形式为not sure,表 “不确定、不确信”。
【常用搭配】
(1)be sure (of/ about sth.) 确信某事;对某事有把握
(2)be sure (to do sth.) 务必做某事;一定会做某事
(3)be sure (that 从句) 确信 / 肯定……(that 可省略)
(4)make sure (of sth/that 从句) 确保;查明
(5)for sure 无疑, 确切地
【例句】
· I’m not sure about the answer. 我对答案不确定。
· She is sure of her success. 她确信自己会成功。
· Be sure to close the door when you leave. 你离开时务必关门。
· I’m sure (that) he will come. 我肯定他会来。
· Make sure (that) you finish your homework first. 确保你先完成作业。
· I know for sure where she is. 我确切知道她在哪里。
10. shake
【教材原句】 shaking hands(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】
(1)作及物动词(v.),核心含义为摇动;抖动;握手。其过去式是shook ,过去分词是shaken ,现在分词 shaking。
(2)可作不及物动词,表 “摇晃;颤抖”(如身体因寒冷 / 害怕抖动)。
【例句】
· She shook her head and said "no". 她摇了摇头说 “不”。
· She shook with cold in the snow. 她在雪地里冻得发抖。
11. impression
【教材原句】】You made a good impression on her, Simon.(八下Unit2)
【主要用法】impression 是名词,意为“印象”。
【常见搭配】make/ leave a good impression on sb. 给人留下好印象
【拓展】impression的动词形式为impress,意为“留下印象”;形容词是impressive,意为 “令人印象深刻的”。
【例句】
· He made a good impression on his new classmates.他给新同学留下了好印象。
· Your kindness really impressed me.你的善良真的给我留下了深刻印象。
· It is an impressive performance.这是一场令人印象深刻的表演。
12. description
【教材原句】Listen to a description of a picture.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】description 作名词,意为 “说明,形容”。
【拓展】
(1) describe 作动词(八下Unit3),意为 “描述,形容”。(八下Unit3)相当于 give a description of。
【例句】
· Can you give a detailed description of your new school?你能详细描述一下你的新学校吗?
=Can you describe your new school in detail?
(2) 名词构词法:
后缀
例词
-ation
act 行动 → action 行动;celebrate 庆祝 → celebration 庆祝活动
-ition
compose 创作 → composition 作品;expedition 远征 → expedition 远征队
-ance
appear 出现 → appearance 外貌;perform 表现 → performance 表演
-ence
exist 存在 → existence 存在;prefer 偏爱 → preference 偏好
-ment
develop 发展 → development 发展;achieve 实现 → achievement 成就
13.practise
【教材原句】Cormorants fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】作动词(v.),英式拼写为practise,美式拼写为practice;practice 也可作名词(n.),表 “练习;实践”,而 practise 仅作动词。
【常见搭配】
(1)practise + 名词:practise the piano 练钢琴 /practise English 练英语
(2)practise + 动名词:practise doing sth 练习做某事
【例句】
· I practise the violin for 30 minutes every evening.我每天晚上练 30 分钟小提琴。
· You must practise speaking English every day.你必须每天练习说英语。
14.set off
【教材原句】Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】
(1)出发;动身;启程,多用于表示开始一段行程,可与set out互换。
(2)使爆炸;点燃(如鞭炮、烟花、炸弹等)。
【常见搭配】
(1)set off for + 地点 出发去某地
(2)set off fireworks/firecrackers 放烟花 / 鞭炮
(3)set off at + 具体时间 在某一具体时间出发
【例句】
· We will set off for Beijing tomorrow morning.我们明天早上将出发去北京。
· She set off at 6 o'clock to catch the early train.她六点动身去赶早班火车。
· Children like to set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节期间放鞭炮。
【拓展】set 相关短语
set out 出发;动身(后接 for + 地点 / 不定式 to do)
set up 建立;设立;创办(后接机构、组织、公司等)
set down 写下;记下;放下
set back 推迟;阻碍
set an example 树立榜样
15. ready
【教材原句】Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.(八下Unit3)
【主要用法】ready作形容词,意为"准备好"。
【常见搭配】
(1)get sb./sth. ready for sth. 使某人 / 某物为某事做好准备
(2)be ready for sth. 为某事做好准备
(3)be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事;乐意做某事
【例句】
· We must get the room ready for the meeting.我们必须为会议准备好房间。
· Are you ready for the sports meeting?你准备好参加运动会了吗?
· They are ready to go to the park this weekend.他们准备这周末去公园了。
16.warning
【教材原句】Learn to give warnings. 学会发出警告。(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)warning 是名词,意为“警示, 预先通知”。
(2)warn 作动词(v.),意为 “警告;告诫;提醒”,后接宾语时可搭配不同介词/不定式,表达不同的警告对象和内容。
【拓展搭配】
(1)warn sb. about sth. 提醒 / 警告某人关于某事
(2)warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事
(3)warn sb. against (doing) sth. 告诫某人不要做某事;提醒某人提防某事
(4)warn sb.+ that 从句
【例句】
· My teacher warned me about the important points in the exam.老师提醒我注意考试中的重点内容。
· The mother warned her child not to play near the river.妈妈告诫孩子不要在河边玩耍。
· We should warn teenagers against talking to strangers online.我们应该告诫青少年不要在网上和陌生人交谈。
· She warned me that there might be a heavy rain on the way to the mountain.她提醒我,去山上的路上可能会下大雨。
17. record
【教材原句】Record the voices and sound effects.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作动词(v.)/rɪˈkɔːd/:录制(声音、视频);记录,记载
(2)作名词(n.)/ˈrekɔːd/:记录;唱片;档案,履历
【常见搭配】
(1)break a record 打破纪录
(2)keep a record 保持纪录;做记录
(3)set a record 创造纪录
【例句】
· We need to record the dialogue for the cartoon.我们需要为这部动画片录制对话。
· My grandpa has a lot of old music records at home.(我爷爷家里有很多老式音乐唱片。
· He set a new record in the 100-meter race.他在 100 米赛跑中创造了新纪录。
18. appear
【教材原句】To make the characters and things appear to move...(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作动词,意为看起来;似乎,同seem.
(2)作动词,意为出现;显现;露面;反义词是“disappear”。
【常见搭配】
(1)appear to do sth. 看起来做某事;似乎做某事
(2)appear to be + n./adj. 看起来是……
【例句】
· He appears to know the answer to this difficult question.他似乎知道这道难题的答案。
· She appears to be very tired after the long trip.长途旅行后,她看起来十分疲惫。
· A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.雨后,天空中出现了一道彩虹。
19. thought
【教材原句】This is a “thought bubble”for the words that the character is thinking of.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)作名词 (n.),意为想法;主意;思想。
(2)作动词 think 的过去式 / 过去分词,意为 “想;认为;思考”。
【例句】
· She had a good thought about how to solve the problem.她想到了一个解决这个问题的好主意。
· I thought you would come to the party yesterday.我原以为你昨天会来参加派对。
20. separately
【教材原句】Sound effects,like the noise of the underground, must also be added separately. (八下Unit4)
【主要用法】separately作副词,意为“单独地,分别地”。
【拓展】形容词形式为separate,意为 “单独的;分开的;各自的。separate 也可做动词,意为“分离,使分开”。常用搭配separate...from...(把…… 和…… 分开)。
【例句】
· The two tasks should be finished separately.这两项任务需要分别完成。
· There is a separate entrance for visitors.访客有单独的入口。
· The river separates this village from that one.这条河把这个村子和那个村子分隔开。
21. play
【教材原句】After everything has been checked,the cartoon is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy.(八下Unit4)
【主要用法】
(1)玩;玩耍 如:play with
(2)参加(比赛 / 运动);打 / 踢(球)如:play football 踢足球; play against 同…比赛(八下Unit4)
(3)演奏;弹奏(乐器)如:play the piano
(4)播放(音频、视频、影视等)如:play a song 播放歌曲
【例句】
· The kids like to play with sand on the beach.孩子们喜欢在沙滩上玩沙子。
· She can play the guitar and the piano.她既会弹吉他,也会弹钢琴。
· Our team will play against Class 5 in the basketball match tomorrow.我们队明天将在篮球赛中对阵五班。
· The radio is playing my favorite song now.收音机现在正在放我最喜欢的歌。
1. The teacher warned us ________ too much time on computer games.
A.not to spend B.not spend C.don’t spend D.to not spend
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师警告我们不要在电脑游戏上花费太多时间。
考查非谓语动词。“warn sb to do sth”是固定结构,意为“警告某人做某事”,否定形式需将not置于to之前,即“warn sb not to do sth”,意为“警告某人不要做某事”。故选A。
2. Tina is always ready ______ people in need.
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Tina总是准备好帮助需要帮助的人。
考查固定搭配。help帮助,动词原形;helping帮助,动名词/现在分词;to help帮助,不定式;helps帮助,第三人称单数。be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”,为固定用法。故选C。
3. We can practise ______ happiness to ourselves. It’s like putting money in the bank.
A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.to bringing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们可以练习带给我们自己快乐。这就像把钱存入银行。
考查动词practise的用法。根据“We can practise ... happiness to ourselves.”可知,practise后应接动名词作宾语。故选B。
4. The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us ________ action right now.
A.to take B.take C.taking D.to taking
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“时间不等人”这句谚语提醒我们立刻采取行动。
考查非谓语动词。remind sb. to do sth.是固定短语,意为“提醒某人做某事”,其中动词不定式“to do”作宾语补足语。所以这里应该用“to take”。故选A。
5. These pictures remind me ________ the old days.
A.of B.to C.for D.with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这些照片让我想起了过去的日子。
考查介词辨析。of关于;to到;for为了;with和……一起。remind sb. of sth.是固定搭配,意为“使某人想起某事”。故选A。
6. Peter has been suffering ________ the headache for three days.
A.with B.under C.from D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:彼得已经头痛三天了。
考查介词词义辨析。with和……一起,具有;under在……下面;from从……,由于;for为了,对于。suffer from是固定短语,意为“遭受,患病”,这里表示彼得受头痛折磨已经三天了,用from符合语境。故选C。
7. Do you have difficulty ________ with your parents?
A.to talk B.of talking C.talking D.talk
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你和父母谈话有困难吗?
考查非谓语动词用法。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,表示“做某事有困难”,空处需动名词talking。故选C。
8. He appeared ________ my advice.
A.accept B.accepted C.accepting D.to accept
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他似乎接受了我的建议。
考查非谓语。此处表达的是“似乎做某事”,英语是短语appear to do sth,所以空格用不定式作宾语,故选D。
9. Our team will play ______ Class Two in the basketball match tomorrow.
A.with B.for C.against D.about
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们队将在明天的篮球赛中对阵二班。
考查介词辨析。play with 意为 “和…… 一起玩;玩弄”;play for 意为 “为…… 效力;代表…… 参赛”;play against 意为 “与…… 对阵 / 对抗”;play about 意为 “胡闹;玩耍”。结合 “篮球赛” 的语境,此处表示两队对抗,故选C。
10. We need to ______ before sunrise, or we’ll miss the morning view on the mountain.
A.set up B.set off C.set sail D.set down
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们需要在日出前出发,否则会错过山上的晨景。
考查 set 相关短语辨析。set up 意为 “建立;设立”;set off 意为 “出发;动身(侧重开启行程,可搭配任意出行方式,适用于登山、赶路等场景)”;set sail 意为 “起航;扬帆出发”,仅用于水上航行;set down 意为 “写下;记下;放下”。结合“上山看晨景” 的语境,并非水上出行,需表达“动身出发”,故选B。
二、选词填空
offer, provide
1.Linda to give her seat to an old man on the bus yesterday.
2.I heard the company your father a very good job.
3.—What else can we give the children in poor areas?
—I think we can them with books and clothes.
【答案】1.offered 2.offered 3.provide
【分析】1.句意:昨天琳达在公共汽车上主动提出给一位老人让座。offer to do sth主动提出做某事,根据yesterday可知,此处用一般过去时,故填offered。
2.句意:我听说那家公司给你父亲提供了一份很好的工作。offer sb sth给某人提供某物,根据heard可知,后面接的宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时,故填offered。
3.句意:——我们还能给贫困地区的孩子什么?——我想我们可以给他们提供书和衣服。provide sb with sth给某人提供某物,位于情态动词can后,作谓语,用动词原形,故填provide。
考点2 易混词辨析
1. in order to, in order that, so that 与so..that..的用法区别
易混词组
意义
用法
例句
in order to
目的在于;为了
后面常接动词原形
She studies hard in order to pass the exam.她努力学习是为了通过考试。
in order that
为了
后面接从句(通常用情态动词 may/might/can/could)
We set off early in order that we might arrive before dark.我们早点出发,以便能在天黑前到达。
so that
为了;目的是
后面接从句(通常用情态动词 can/could/may/might)
Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.请大声说,让每个人都能听到。
so…that…
如此……以至于……
后面接从句,“so” 后接形容词或副词
It was so cold that we stayed at home all day.天气太冷了,我们一整天都待在家里。
2. lonely和alone
(1)lonely 形容词。孤独的;寂寞的;表示(主观感情上的)孤单寂寞。指精神上的孤单。
(2) alone 形容词或副词。意为“孤单的;一个人;独自地”, 表示(客观上的)独自,单独。指形体上的单独,独自一人。同义词组为:by oneself或on one’s own。它通常作表语或状语,不能放在名词之前。
例句:
· He feels lonely because he has no friends here. 他觉得很孤独,因为他在这里没有朋友。
· She lives in a lonely village in the mountains. 她住在山里一个偏僻的村子里。
· She is alone at home today. 她今天独自一人在家。(adj. 作表语)
· He went to the park alone. 他独自去了公园。(adv. 作状语)
3. accept和receive
一言辨析:
I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了他的聚会请束,但我拒绝接受。
4. take place和happen
词汇
用法
例句
happen
常用于偶然或突发事件;意为“发生”。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
What happened to you?你发生了什么事?
take place
一般指某事根据安排或计划发生;意为“发生、举行、举办”。
When will your wedding take place? 你们的婚礼什么时候举行?
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five years. 在过去的五年里我的家乡发生了很大变化。
相同点
take place和happen都没有被动语态。
5. later, late和lately
词汇
词性和核心用法
例句
late
① 形容词:迟的、晚的(修饰名词)
② 副词:迟到、晚地(修饰动词)
1. He is late for school. 他上学迟到了。
2. She gets up late every day. 她每天起床很晚。
later
① 副词:稍后、后来(late的副词比较级,表时间先后,最常用)
② 形容词:更迟的
★ 常搭:later on(稍后)/ sooner or later(迟早)
1. I'll call you later. 我稍后给你打电话。
2. Later, we went to the park. 后来,我们去了公园。
3. Sooner or later, you will understand. 你迟早会明白的。
lately
副词;最近、近来(= recently)
★ 常与现在完成时/一般现在时连用,放句首/句末
1. Have you seen her lately? 你最近见过她吗?
2. Lately, it rains a lot. 最近雨下得很多。
6. message, information和news
(1)message:可数名词。指口信、短信、留言;个人之间传递的具体、有明确接收者的消息。
【常用表达】leave a message 留口信;take a message 捎口信;send a message 发消息
例句:She left a message on my desk this morning.她今天早上在我桌上留了个口信。
(2)information:不可数名词。指信息、资料、情报;泛指各类有用的、零散的,无明确接收者的信息
【常用表达】collect information 收集信息 some /much information 一些(很多)信息
例句:We can collect some information on the Internet.我们可以在网上收集一些信息。
(3)news:不可数名词。指新闻、消息;报纸 / 电视 / 网络上的、公众关注的新鲜事。
【常用表达】一则新闻 a piece of news some news 一些新闻
例句:I heard a piece of good news from my teacher.我从老师那里听到了一则好消息。
7. bored和boring
bored 作形容词,意为 “感到厌烦的”,常用于短语 be bored with sb/sth,意为 “对某人 / 某事感到厌烦”。
There was a bored expression on his face.他脸上有一种厌倦的表情。
易混词
意义
用法
例句
bored
(对某人/某物)厌倦的;烦闷的
常用于修饰人
I am bored with this movie. 我对这部电影感到厌烦。
boring
令人厌倦的;无聊的
常用于修饰物
This movie is so boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
8. 辨析cross,through和 across
词汇
词性
核心含义
用法特点
例句
cross
动词
穿过;越过;交叉
作谓语,直接表达“穿过”的动作
1. She crosses the street every morning.她每天早上过马路。
2. They cross the river by boat.他们坐船过河。
through
介词
穿过;通过
强调从内部穿过,常与go/walk等动词连用
1. We walk through the forest together.我们一起穿过森林。
2. The light goes through the window.光透过窗户照进来。
across
介词
穿过;横过
强调从表面横穿,常与go/walk/run等动词连用
1. He runs across the playground.他跑过操场。
2. Let's go across the bridge.(我们过桥吧。
9. 辨析used to/ be used to do/ be used to doing
例句:I used to ride a bike to school. 我过去常常骑自行车上学。
She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。
A pen is used to write words. 钢笔是用来写字的。
10. please,pleasant和pleased
单词
核心用法&修饰对象
常用搭配
经典例句
please(感叹词/动词)
① 感叹词:表礼貌请求,无修饰
② 动词:表“使高兴、取悦”,后接人作宾语
动词搭配:please sb
1. Please open the window.(感叹词)
2. This song will please you.(动词)
pleasant
(形容词)
① 常规:修饰物/环境/经历/天气,表“令人愉快的”
② 修饰人,表“和蔼可亲的、相处舒服的”(侧重外在特质/他人感受,不表内心情绪)
无固定搭配,直接修饰名词
1. It’s a pleasant spring day.(修饰物)
2. Sarah is a pleasant girl.(教材原句,修饰人)
pleased(形容词)
仅修饰人,表“感到高兴的、满意的”(侧重自身内心情绪,不修饰物)
必记固定搭配:
① be pleased with sb/sth
② be pleased to do sth
③ be pleased that+从句
1. I’m pleased with your answer.
2. She’s pleased to meet her old friend.
3. We are pleased that he won the game.
1. Although my brother is often ________, he seldom feels ________ because he likes to be by himself.
A.lonely; alone B.alone; lonely C.alone; alone D.lonely; lonely
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然我哥哥经常独自一人,但他很少感到孤独,因为他喜欢独处。
考查形容词辨析。alone既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意为“独自的(地)、单独的(地)”;lonely只用作形容词,表示“孤独的,寂寞的”。第一个空表示经常“独自的”,用alone;第二个空表示感到“孤独的”,用lonely。故选B。
2. He ________ from his seat and ________ his hand.
A.rose; raised B.raised; rose C.raised; rise D.rose; raise
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他从座位上站起来,并举起了手。
考查动词辨析和时态。rise站起(不及物动词);raise举起(及物动词)。根据“He...from his seat”可知,他自己站起来,此空应用不及物动词,无需后接宾语,结合语境,句子是一般过去时,空处应是rise的过去式rose;根据“...his hand”可知,此处表示举手,空后是名词,作宾语,此空应用及物动词raise的过去式raised。故选A。
3. Susan ____ a scholarship offer from a foreign university. However, she needs to think carefully before she ____ it.
A.received; receives B.accepted; receives
C.received; accepts D.accepted; accepts
【答案】C
【详解】句意:苏珊从一个国外大学收到了奖学金录取通知。然而,她需要仔细考虑之后才能接受它。
考查动词词义辨析和时态运用。received收到,过去式/过去分词; receives收到,第三人称单数形式;accepted接受过去式/过去分词;accepts接受,第三人称单数形式。第一空,“收到奖学金”是已经发生的动作,应用过去式received;第二空,“接受奖学金”是她之后需要做的动作,before引导的时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来,且根据语境,此处应是“接受”,应用accepts。故选C。
4. —This movie is so ________. I don’t want to see it again.
—Me too. I felt ________ when I saw it.
A.boring; boring B.bored; boring C.boring; bored D.bored; bored
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这部电影太无聊了。我不想再看一遍。——我也是。我看的时候感觉很无聊。
考查形容词辨析。boring令人厌烦的,用于描述事物;bored 感到厌烦的,用于描述人。第一空所在句子主语为“This movie”,表示“物”,应用 boring;第二空所在句子主语为“I”,指“人”,应用 bored。故选C。
5. —The driver arrived _________ and brought us a lot of trouble.
—I’m sorry to hear that. I will tell our leader his problem _________.
A.lately; later B.later; late C.late; lately D.late; later
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——司机来晚了,给我们带来了很多麻烦。——听到这个消息我很抱歉。稍后我会告诉我们的领导他的问题。
考查副词辨析。lately最近;later稍后;late晚地。根据“The driver arrived...and brought us a lot of trouble”可知,第一空表示司机来晚了,故第一空填late。根据“I will tell our leader his problem...”可知,这是一个一般将来时结构的句子,第二空应填later作时间状语。故选D。
6. My uncle_____go to work on foot, but now he ____going to work by motorcycle.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. is used to; is used to D. used to; used to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:.我叔叔过去常常步行上班,但现在他习惯骑摩托车上班。第一空,表示“过去”,used to do; 第二空,表示“习惯于”,be used to doing。 故选A。
7. Stone can__ _bridges.
A. used to build B. be used to build
C. be used to building D. used for building
【答案】B
【解析】句意:石头能被用于修建桥梁。被动语态,即be used to do,“被用来做”。故选B。
8. The trip was very ________ and it made all of us ________.
A.pleased; pleasant B.pleased; pleased C.pleasant; pleasant D.pleasant; pleased
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这次旅行很愉快,使我们大家都很高兴。
考查形容词辨析。pleasant 令人愉快的,修饰物;pleased 感到高兴的,修饰人。第一处修饰物 The trip,第二处修饰人 us。故选 D。
9.For the next ten years, Mathild had not sent a _____ to her friend Jeanne.
A.information B.news C.message D.advice
【答案】C
【详解】试题分析:句意:在下一个十年里,Mathild 没有给她的朋友 Jeanne 发信息。发信息给某人是 send a message to sb.。A 信息,不可数名词;B 新闻;D 建议。故选 C。
10. —Look! The train is going ________ the tunnel. What high speed!
—If there are no traffic lights, don’t ________ the tracks. It’s dangerous!
A.across; through B.across; across C.through; through D.through; cross
【答案】D
【详解】句意:—— 看!火车正在穿过隧道。多么快的速度啊!—— 如果没有交通信号灯,不要横穿轨道。这很危险!
考查动词和介词。across 表示 “表面横穿”,介词;through 表示 “内部穿过”,介词;cross 表示 “表面横穿”,动词。根据 “The train is going...the tunnel” 可知,此处表示从隧道内部穿过,第一空用介词 through;根据 “don’t...the tracks” 可知,第二空应填入动词原形,表示横穿轨道,应用动词 cross。故选 D。
二、完成句子
1.我们需要节约更多水资源,以便保护地球上有限的淡水资源。
We need to save more water protect the limited freshwater resources on Earth.
【答案】 in order to
【详解】根据句意可知,此处表示“以便,为了”,用短语“in order to” ,该短语在句中连接前后两个句子成分,表示目的。故填in;order;to 。
2.爸爸向妈妈求助,以便他可以继续跟李叔叔比赛。
Father asked Mother for help he continue the game with Uncle Lee.
【答案】 so that could
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处应填表示“以便”和“可以”的单词短语。so that意为“以便”;can意为“能、可以”;根据“asked”可知,句子应用一般过去时,can的过去式为could。故填so;that;could。
3.遵义会址是如此的有名,以至于很多游客来这里感受“红色精神”。
The site of Zunyi Meeting is famous many tourists come here to enjoy the “red spirit”.
【答案】 so that
【详解】英汉对照可知,需要补充“如此……以至于”。考查连词so...that“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句。故填so;that。
考点3 重点句型
1. so that... 句型
【教材原句】Joe read news and funny stories to her so that she did not feel lonely.(八下Unit1)
【句式结构】so that 引导目的状语从句时,表示 “以便;为了”,从句中常使用 can/could 等情态动词;引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用 can 等词,意思是 “因此;所以”。
【例句】
· He saved money so that he could buy a new bike for his son.他存钱以便能给儿子买一辆新自行车。
2. although引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.(八下Unit 3)
【句式结构】although 为连词,意为 “虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but 连用(可与 yet/still 连用);从句可放句首(需用逗号与主句隔开),也可放在主句后。
【例句】
· Although it was raining hard, we still went to the park.虽然雨下得很大,我们还是去了公园。
· She keeps smiling although she is very tired.尽管她非常疲惫,依然面带微笑。
3. It is + 形容词(+for sb)+ to do sth.
【教材原句】...but it's more important for me to develop other skills at the moment...(八下Unit3)
【句式结构】"It is +形容词(+for sb)+to do sth"是固定句式,意为“做某事(对于某人来说)是……的"。It是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主请。常用于此句式的形容词有difficult,easy,hard,interesting,dangerous, important, useful等。
【拓展】“It is +形容词+of sb to do sth"也是固定句式,意为“某人做某事是……的",t是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语,形容词是描述人的品质等的词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(憾惰的)。
【例句】
· It is dangerous for children to play near the river.对孩子们来说,在河边玩耍很危险。
· It is polite of her to say hello to teachers every day.她很有礼貌,每天都和老师打招呼。
1. —________ we are busy, ________ we can’t forget to show love to our parents.
—That’s right. Parents are the most important people in our life.
A.Although, but B.Because, although
C.So, although D.Although, /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:尽管我们很忙,我们不能忘记向父母表达爱意。
考查连词的用法。Although…but尽管……但是;Because…although因为……尽管;So…although所以……尽管;Although尽管。根据“...we are busy,...we can’t forget to show love to our parents.”可知,此处是让步状语从句,although/though引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能加but等连词,选项D“Although, /”符合语法规则和语义逻辑。故选D。
2.________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground.
A.That; to return B.This; returning C.It; to return D.It; returning
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你归还了在操场上捡到的钱,这非常诚实。
考查 it 作形式主语的固定句型。That 那,指示代词;This 这,指示代词;It 作形式主语,无实际意义;to return 归还,动词不定式;returning 归还,动名词或现在分词形式。根据句子结构,此处应用 “It is+adj. of sb. to do sth.” 句型,其中 it 作形式主语,动词不定式 “to return the money you found on the playground” 作真正的主语,构成 “It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 句型,表示 “某人做某事是…… 的”。故选 C。
3.我的朋友们都觉得对于学生来说能通过这些活动学到更多东西真是幸运。
My friends all think that _________ _________ for students _________ _________ more from the activities.
【答案】 it's lucky to learn
【详解】根据中英文对照,空格处缺 “真是幸运;能学到”,“it’s + 形容词 + for sb.+to do sth.” 是固定句型,意为 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”,这里 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,“lucky” 意为 “幸运的”,“learn” 意为 “学习”。故填 it’s; lucky; to; learn。
4. 我应该多读书,以便我能赶上同学。(catch up with)(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】I should read more books so that I can catch up with my classmates.
【详解】“我” I,作主语;“应该” should,情态动词后接动词原形;“多读书” read more books;“以便” so that,引导目的状语从句;“能” can,情态动词后接动词原形;“赶上” catch up with;“我的同学” my classmates。故填 I should read more books so that I can catch up with my classmates.
考点4 重点语法
一、动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式:
基本形式:to+动词原形(有时可以省略to);否定形式:“not (+to)+动词原形”。
例句:My mom asks me to clean the room every day.
The teacher tells us not to waste water and electricity.
I often see him read books in the library.
二、句法功能详解
1. 动词不定式作主语
①动词不定式作主语的用法
用法
例句
动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时,通常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语置于句末。
To learn English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
It’s important to have good habits.
养成好习惯很重要的。
②it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型
句型
例句
It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。
It was hard for him to learn English well.
=To learn English well was hard for him.
对他来说学好英语太难了。
It is/was+adj.+to do sth.做某事是……的。
It's not easy to pass the exam.
(=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。
It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是……
It is my pleasure to help you.帮助你是我的荣幸。
It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。
it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
某人花多长时间做某事
It took me three hours to repair the TV set.
我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。
It's time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。
It's time to go to school. 是时候上学了。
2.动词不定式作宾语
(1)动词不定式作宾语的用法
用法
例句
直接宾语:动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。
形式宾语:动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语(动词不定式)后置。常用动词:find, think, feel, make, consider, believe 等。
I forgot to bring the key to my house.
我忘记带家里的钥匙了。
She thinks it important to read every day.
她认为每天阅读很重要。
动词不定式作介词的宾语,不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语,而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
They are talking about how to solve the problem.
他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。
(2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
refuse
拒绝
decide
决定
would like
想要
like
喜欢
want
想要
plan
计划
offer
提供
wish
希望
pretend
假装
hope
希望
forget
忘记
learn
学习
agree
同意
need
需要
expect
期望
promise
承诺
afford
承担得起
manage
完成
try
努力
help
帮助
start
开始
begin
开始
prepare
准备
choose
选择
助记口诀:
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
需要拒绝莫忘记,(need、refuse、forget)
想要学习就努力,(want、learn、try)
希望帮助并同意,(hope/wish、help、agree)
喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin)
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法
用法
例句
多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。
My mother asks me to eat fruit every day.
我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。
(2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
allow允许
order命令
teach教
warn警告
ask要求
decide决定
tell告诉
encourage鼓励
invite邀请
want想要
advise建议
expect期望
wish希望
force强迫
would like想要
4.动词不定式作状语的用法
用法
例句
作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首,也可放在句尾。表示“为了……,以便……”。
Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
=To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard.
汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。
作结果状语,常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此
……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料,竟然)。
He isn't strong enough to lift the box.
他不够强壮,提不起这个箱子。
作原因状语,通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后,常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。
I'm glad to see you.
见到你很高兴。
知识拓展:
作结果状语,有的结构可以同义转换:
1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。
He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes.
→He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。
2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。
The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.
→The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了,她能够到树上的苹果。
口诀助记:
不定式,用作状
“目的”、“结果”两最忙;
“形表”之后也出现,表示“原因”记心上。
二、动名词
一、动名词的形式
动名词的形式:动词原形+ing;否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”
Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。
Do you mind turning down the radio? 你介意把收音机音量调低点吗?
二、动名词的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
作主语
动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作,有时也用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。
Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
宾语
①动名词既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
②动名词作宾语时,若后接宾语补足语,常用形式宾语it。常用句型:
It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处...
Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter.
莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。
作表语
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
His hobby is planting flowers.
=Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。
作定语
说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前。
The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people.
这个会议室太小,容纳不了30人。
易错点:
不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换,但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作,强调动作本身;动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象,时间概念不强调事情本身;有时也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式后置。
三、后接动名词作宾语的常考动词(短语)
avoid避免
consider考虑
mind介意
finish完成
imagine想象
suggest建议
enjoy喜欢
keep坚持
practice练习
miss 错过
admit 承认、deny 否认
escape 逃避
give up 放弃
look forward to 期待
get used to 习惯
feel like 想要
be worth 值得
be busy 忙于
can't help 情不自禁
pay attention to 注意
四、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
sth.need doing 某事需要被做
need to do sth.需要去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
continue doing sth.继续做同一件事
continue to do sth.继续做另一件事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事
三、被动语态
一、被动语态的结构
被动语态由“系动词be+动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化,主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。
以动词do为例,几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下:
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+done
English is spoken in many countries.很多国家都说英语。
一般过去时
was/were+done
This bridge was built in 2010.这座桥是 2010 年建成的。
一般将来时
will/shall+be+done
A new library will be built next year.明年将会建一座新图书馆。
含情态动词
情态动词+be+done
The work must be finished before Friday.这项工作必须在周五前完成。
现在完成时
have/has been done
My homework has been finished already.我的作业已经做完了。
二、被动语态的句型
一般来说,只有带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。一般被动形式的否定式是在其肯定式中第一个助动词后加not;疑问式是将肯定式中第一个助动词提到主语前。具体如下:
句式
结构
以含be+done为例
肯定句
主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+过去分词(+by...)+其他.
It was invented in 1893.
它在1893年被发明。
否定句
主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+not+过去分词(+by...)+其他.
Teenagers are not allowed to watch this TV show.青少年不被允许观看这个电视节目。
一般疑问句
be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他?
Is this plate made of silver?
这个盘子时银制的吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be动词、助动词、情态动词 +主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他?
What are these coats made of?
这些外套是由什么制成的?
三、 主动变被动
一般情况:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词变被动
特殊情况
①双宾语:
情况一:若将间接宾语转化为主语,则保留直接宾语。
被动语态结构:主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语).
情况二:若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
被动语态结构:主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语).
注意:
1.主动语态变为被动语态后,间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。
2.主动语态变为被动语态后,间接宾语前带for的动词有:buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。
②还原“to”的被动语态:
在主动语态中有些感官动词(see,watch,hear,feel, notice等)和使役动词(have,let,make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原,不定式为主语补足语,即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. heard/seen to do sth.。
例如:We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态)
→He is often heard to play the guitar by us.(被动语态)
四、无被动的情况
(1)不及物动词(短语)无被动,如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。
The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。
(2)open, lock, write, read, sell,clean,burn等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,用于描述主语的特征或性质,,可用主动语态表被动意义。
如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)look,sound,taste,smell,feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构,故用主动结构表被动意义。
如:My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。
She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。
(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done,to be done为不定式的被动结构。
如:Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.
=Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。
(5)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。
如:The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。
1. My mother often tells me ________ too much time playing computer games. It’s bad for my eyes.
A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don’t spend D.not spend
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妈妈经常告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。这对我的眼睛不好。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”,空处用不定式的否定式not to spend作宾语补足语。故选A。
2. She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English.
A.join B.joined C.joining D.to join
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她决定加入一些英语俱乐部来练习她的英语口语。
考查非谓语动词。join加入,动词原形;joined动词过去式;joining动名词/现在分词;to join动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,固定搭配,此处要用动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
3. The students were asked ________ some interesting pictures for the sick kids.
A.draw B.to draw C.drawing D.to drawing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:学生们被要求为生病的孩子们画一些有趣的画。
考查非谓语动词。根据短语be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”可知,空处应选动词不定式to draw。故选B。
4.(重难点)The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime.
A.it; get B.it; getting C.that; to get D.it; to get
【答案】D
【详解】句意:互联网使每个人在任何时间任何地点获得教育成为可能。
考查it的固定句型。此处是结构make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使做某事对某人来说是可能的”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选D。
5. ________ tasks too hard will cause students ________ easily.
A.Make; to give up B.Make; give up
C.Making; to give up D.Making; give up
【答案】C
【详解】句意:把任务设置得太难会导致学生轻易放弃。
考查非谓语动词。 根据题干可知,空一是作主语,应该用动名词,排除A和B;空二是cause sb to do sth“导致某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式。故选C。
6. (易错题)Miss Li is very funny. She often makes her students _________.
A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:李老师很有趣。她经常让学生们哈哈大笑。
考查非谓语动词。根据“makes her students”可知,此处应用动词短语make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
7. (易错题)Great changes ________ in Guangzhou in recent years.
A.have been taken place B.have taken place
C.took place D.take place
【答案】B
【详解】句意:近年来广州发生了巨大变化。
考查时态。根据“in recent years”可知,时态用现在完成时,且take place是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。故选B。
8. His bike is broken. It needs ________ soon.
A.be repaired B.to be repair C.repairing D.be mended
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他的自行车坏了。它需要尽快修理。
考查非谓语动词。根据“His bike is broken. It needs…soon.”可知,此处指的是他的自行车坏了,它需要尽快修理;need doing sth.需要被做某事,主动表被动;need to be done sth.需要被做某事;此处应填repairing。故选C。
9. (易错题)Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning.
A.stand B.stood C.to stand D.standing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Frank被要求站在教室前面分享他对英语学习的看法。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Frank was made ... in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning.”可知,make是使役动词,make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,变为被动语态,要还原to,即sb. be made to do sth.。故选C。
10. It’s worth ________ the Palace Museum. There are many art treasures in it.
A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:故宫博物院值得一游。里面有很多艺术珍品。
考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,动名词主动表示被动意义。故选B。
11. —What is mum cooking in the kitchen?
—Fish, I guess. How nice it ________!
A.is smelling B.is smelt C.will smell D.smells
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——妈妈在厨房煮什么?——我猜是鱼。闻起来多么好闻啊!
考查感官动词用法。根据“What is Mum cooking in the kitchen”和“Fish, I guess”可知,此处表示现在的情况,应用一般现在时,smell是系动词,所以一般都是主动表被动,主语it是单数,感官动词用三单形式。故选D。
12. (2025·吉林长春·中考真题)________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens.
A.To keep B.Keep C.Kept D.Keeping
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了保持眼睛健康,我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。
考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知,学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。
13. This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily.
A.feels, breaks B.is felt, breaks C.feels, is broken D.is felt, is broken
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这种玻璃摸起来很硬,但很容易碎。
考查语态。feel摸起来;break破碎。feel作为感官动词时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,即 “某物摸起来……” 用“sth. feels + 形容词” 的结构,而不用被动语态,可排除BD选项; break在这里表示“易碎”,是不及物动词,其主动形式可以表示被动含义,常用来描述主语的性质或特征。故选A。
14. (2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________.
A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时,能量就被浪费了。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知,句子是一般现在时,且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,故选B。
15. (2025·北京·中考真题)Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days.
A.use B.used C.are used D.were used
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如今,越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。
考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知,时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知,此处是被动语态,应用程序被人们使用。故选C。
一、单项选择
1. Tom’s dream is ________ a volunteer so that he can help those people ________.
A.to be, in need B.being, with need
C.being, in need D.to be, in needing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆的梦想是成为一名志愿者,这样他就可以帮助那些有需要的人。
考查非谓语动词和介词短语。to be成为,动词不定式;being成为,现在分词或动名词;in need有需要的;with need有需要;in needing错误表达。根据“Tom’s dream is…a volunteer”可知,汤姆的梦想是成为一名志愿者,be动词后应跟动词不定式作表语,表示将来的动作或状态,所以第一空应填to be;根据“he can help those people…”可知,他可以帮助那些有需要的人,in need“有需要的”,固定短语,所以第二空应填in need。故选A。
2. ________ the final exam, Jack refused ________ with his friends last weekend.
A.To pass; to go out B.Passing; going out
C.To pass; going out D.Passing; to go out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了通过期末考试,上周末Jack拒绝与朋友外出。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Jack refused...with his friends last weekend.”可知,这里表示目的,用不定式“To pass the final exam”最恰当,表示“为了通过期末考试”。“refuse”后接不定式“to go out”表示拒绝去做某事,也是常用搭配,故空格处应分别填“To pass”和“to go out”。故选A。
3. — Kate feels ________ because she is new here.
—I think you should offer ________ friends with her. You are classmates.
A.lonely; to make B.alone; making C.lonely; making D.alone; to make
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——凯特感到孤独,因为她是新来的。——我认为你应该主动提出和她交朋友。你们是同班同学。
考查动词短语和形容词词义辨析。alone独自的(形容词),独自地(副词);lonely孤独的(形容词);make制作,让,动词原形。making 是现在分词。make friends交朋友。根据“because she is new here”可知,凯特是新来的,所以她感到孤独,第一空应该用lonely。第二个空格主要是关于动词offer的用法,offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”,需要用一个动词不定式,所以第二空填to make。故选A。
4. — Ms. Wang, I have difficulty ________ the article.
— Remember ________ it three times at least.
A.to understand; reading B.understanding; reading
C.understanding; to read D.to understand; to read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——王老师,我理解这篇文章有困难。——记住至少要读三遍。
考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth是固定搭配,表示“做某事有困难”,所以第一空用 understanding,故排除A和D;remember to do sth表示“记得要做某事(未做)”;remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事(已做)”。根据“Remember to read it three times at least”可推知此处强调“记得要去读(尚未读)”所以第二空用to read。故选C。
5. Uncle Bob’s children are all in other cities, so he often feels ________.
A.lively B.enjoyable C.alone D.lonely
【答案】D
【详解】句意:鲍勃叔叔的孩子们都在其他城市,所以他经常感到孤独。
考查形容词辨析。lively活泼的;enjoyable令人愉快的;alone独自的;lonely孤独的。根据“Uncle Bob’s children are all in other cities”可推知,由于孩子们不在身边,鲍勃叔叔感到的是情感上的孤独,是主观感受。而“alone”侧重客观状态,不符合此处主观感受。“feels”是系动词,后接形容词表感受。故选D。
6. (易错题)We should do everything we can ________ the animals in danger.
A.save B.saved C.saving D.to save
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该尽一切努力去拯救处于危险中的动物。
考查非谓语动词。根据“do everything we can”和“the animals in danger”可知,此处需要动词不定式“to save”作目的状语,表示我们做一切能做的事情是为了拯救处于危险中的动物。故选D。
7. It’s reported that the Olympic Games of 2028 will ________ in America.
A.be taken place B.take off C.take place D.be taken off
【答案】C
【详解】句意:据报道,2028年奥运会将在美国举行。
考查动词短语。take place举行;take off起飞;take place和take off均没有被动语态。根据“the Olympic Games of 2028”可知表达“奥运会将举行”,选用take place。故选C。
8. He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again.
A.made B.making C.to make D.makes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他通过反复练习来避免犯错。
考查非谓语动词。made过去式或过去分词;making动名词或现在分词;to make不定式;makes第三人称单数形式。根据“He avoided...mistakes by practicing it over and over again.”可知,“avoid doing sth.”是固定用法,表示“避免做某事”,所以此处要用“make”的动名词形式“making”来作“avoided”的宾语。故选B。
9. The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom.
A.organize B.to organize C.organizes D.organizing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这场大雨阻止了我们按计划组织户外活动,所以我们不得不待在教室里。
考查非谓语动词。organize组织,动词原形;to organize不定式;organizes三单形式;organizing动名词/现在分词。根据“The heavy rain prevented us from”可知,“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是一个固定短语,意思是“阻止某人做某事”,其中“from”是介词,后面需要接动词的-ing形式。故选D。
10.(2025·云南昆明·三模)The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem.
A.research B.to research C.researching D.researched
【答案】C
【详解】句意:科学家们正忙着研究新能源来解决能源问题。
考查非谓语动词。research动词原形;to research动词不定式;researching动词-ing形式;researched过去式,过去分词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”,因此空格处应填动词的-ing形式。故选C。
11. (2025·四川广元·中考真题)We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value.
A.is considered B.was considered C.considered D.considers
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该对朋友诚实,因为这被认为是我们的传统价值观。
考查时态和语态。此处是结构be considered to be“被认为是”,此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是it,be动词用is。故选A。
12. (2025·云南·中考真题)The 12th World Games ________ in Chengdu in August, 2025.
A.holds B.held C.is held D.will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意:第十二届世界运动会将于2025年在成都举办。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语是The 12th World Games,运动会是被举办的,所以要用被动语态,其结构是“be+过去分词”。句中的时间是2025年八月,时态是一般将来时,will be held是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
13.(2025·江西·中考真题)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month.
—Wow! Good news.
A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出。——哇!好消息。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选D。
14.(2025·甘肃陇南·二模)This kind of flower must ________ every day, or it will die.
A.water B.be watered C.watering D.waters
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这种花必须每天浇水,否则它会枯萎死亡。
考查被动语态。water(主动浇水);be watered(被浇水);watering(动名词形式);waters(第三人称单数)。根据“This kind of flower must...”可知,主语“flower”与动词“water”之间存在被动关系,需用被动语态“be watered”,故选B。
15.(2025·上海·模拟预测)So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟).
A.are introduced B.were introduced C.have introduced D.have been introduced
【答案】D
【详解】句意:到目前为止,5G 网络已在100 多个国家被引入,提升了速度并降低了延迟。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。are introduced被引入,一般现在时的被动语态 ;were introduced被引入,一般过去时的被动语态;have introduced已经引入,现在完成时的主动语态;have been introduced已经被引入,现在完成时的被动语态。根据“So far”可知,句子时态应用现在完成时,且“5G networks(5G网络)”和“引入”之间是被动关系,即5G网络是被引入的,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. My father has got used to (pay) the water fees online.
【答案】paying
【详解】句意:我爸爸已经习惯在网上支付水费了。get used to doing sth.是固定短语,意为“习惯于做某事”,空处使用pay的动名词形式作宾语。故填paying。
2. Though we always have (difficult) in our life, we should never give up.
【答案】difficulty/difficulties
【详解】句意:尽管我们在生活中总会遇到困难,但我们绝不应该放弃。根据“have”可知,及物动词后接名词作宾语。“difficult”是形容词,其对应的名词形式是“difficulty”(意为“困难”)。“difficulty” 既可以作不可数名词(表示抽象的“困难”),也可以作可数名词(表示具体的“难题;困境”)。故填difficulty/difficulties。
3. We should give a hand to the ________ (able) people and show our kindness to them.
【答案】disabled
【详解】句意:我们应该向残疾人伸出援手,向他们表达我们的善意。able 意为 “有能力的”,根据语境 “伸出援手、表达善意” 可知此处指 “残疾的”,disabled 是形容词,意为 “残疾的”,the disabled people 表示 “残疾人”,符合句意。故填 disabled。
4. If you want to go out at night, you need to ask for (permit).
【答案】permission
【详解】句意:如果你想晚上出去,你需要请求许可。“ask for”是固定短语,意思是“请求,索要”,后面一般接名词;“permit”是动词,意为“允许”,其名词形式是“permission”,表示“许可,准许”。故填permission。
5. Don’t forget to the main character in your story. (description)
【答案】describe
【详解】句意:不要忘记在你的故事中描述主角。forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”,固定搭配,所以这里应用动词原形,应将description改为其动词形式describe“描述”。故填describe。
6. They need to walk together because only the team’s finishing time will be (record).
【答案】recorded
【详解】句意:他们需要一起行走,因为只有团队的完成时间会被记录。主语the team’s finishing time与record之间是动宾关系,空处用过去分词与will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填recorded。
7. Vegetables and fruits are really good for our (healthy).
【答案】health
【详解】句意:蔬菜和水果对我们的健康有好处。根据“Vegetables and fruits are really good for our...”可知,此处应使用名词health“健康”,作短语后的宾语,故填health。
8. To keep our school clean, litter shouldn’t (throw) here and there.
【答案】be thrown
【详解】句意:为了保持我们学校的清洁,不应该到处乱扔垃圾。throw“扔”,主语litter与谓语throw之间是被动关系,用被动语态,结构为be done,情态动词shouldn’t后面加be动词原形,throw的过去分词为thrown。故填be thrown。
9. We had a (please) journey to England this summer.
【答案】pleasant
【详解】句意:今年夏天我们去英国进行了一次愉快的旅行。please是动词,意为“使高兴;使满意”;根据“journey”可知,此处用形容词来修饰名词,“please”的形容词是pleasant“令人愉快的;宜人的”,故填pleasant。
10. It’s our duty (protect) the environment. Let’s take action right away.
【答案】to protect
【详解】句意:保护环境是我们的责任,让我们立刻行动起来。根据“It’s our duty ... the environment.”可知,此处考查固定句型It’s one’s duty to do sth.“做某事是某人的责任”,其中“It”为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语,因此这里应用动词不定式to protect。故填 to protect。
三、完成句子
1. (2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
【答案】 be given
【详解】根据中英对照,空处缺少“被给与”,给:give,此处和主语之间是被动关系,故句子用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故填be;given。
2.(2024·广东广州·中考真题)下周,我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。
A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race.
【答案】 will be held
【详解】“举行”hold,主语A lot of fun games和动词hold之间是动宾关系,结合时间状语next week可知,要用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为will be done。故填will be held。
3.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)我计划花一个下午教他们制作一个电子相册。
I planned to a whole afternoon them to make an electronic photo album.
【答案】 spend teaching
【详解】花时间做某事:spend time doing sth.;动词不定式符号to后加动词原形;教:teach。故填spend;teaching。
4.(2024·广东广州·中考真题)体育老师鼓励他们,并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。
Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together.
【答案】 how to
【详解】“如何做某事”how to do sth,是“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中作宾语。故填how;to。
5.(2025·广东广州·二模)为了帮助这些老人,我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。
these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week.
【答案】 In order to help
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,此处使用“in order to”表示“为了”,后接动词原形构成目的状语。“in order to help”置于句首时,首字母需大写,符合句子“为了帮助这些老人”的目的表达。故填In;order;to;help。
6.(2025·广东广州·三模)最近一项研究显示,很多人白天都习惯坐着。
According to a recent research, many people in the daytime.
【答案】 are used to sitting
【详解】be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”,句子描述的事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是复数,be用are;sit“坐”,动名词为sitting。故填are;used;to;sitting。
7.我甚至连走路都有困难,于是我决定去看医生。
I even , so I decided to see a doctor.
【答案】 had difficulty/trouble in walking
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,have difficulty/trouble in doing sth“做某事有困难”,动词短语;walk“走”,动词;根据“decided”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填had;difficulty/trouble;in;walking。
8.我确信我们在茱莉亚的生日会上会玩得很愉快。
I we will have a good time at Julia’s birthday party.
【答案】 am sure
【详解】分析句子可知,空处需要翻译的是“确信”,句子时态是一般现在时,主语是I,因此be动词用am,sure意为“确信的”,形容词作表语。故填am;sure。
9. 我妈妈每天都提醒我要喝足够的水。
My mother drink enough water every day.
【答案】 reminds me to
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“提醒我”。remind“提醒”,“My mother”是第三人称单数,要用reminds。“remind sb to do sth.”是“提醒某人做某事”的固定搭配,动词后面接宾语,我用“me”表达。故填reminds;me;to。
10.他昨天主动提出帮我学英语。
He me with my English yesterday.
【答案】 offered to help
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少 “主动提出帮”。offer “主动提出”,由 “yesterday” 可知句子用一般过去时,offer 的过去式为 offered;“offer to do sth.” 是 “主动提出做某事” 的固定搭配,“帮助某人做某事” 用 “help sb. with sth.”,故填 offered to help。
四、 短文填空
A (语篇填词)
根据下列篇章的意思及所给首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答案时,要求写出完整的单词。(每空限填一词。)
Body language is a powerful tool when interacting with others. Even when we don’t speak, our gestures, facial expressions, and postures can send m 1 to others. For example, standing up straight shows confidence; waving your hand shows that you are friendly; looking at your fingers shows others you’re not interested or b 2 .
When talking to someone, small actions also m 3 . Looking into the eyes of the speaker shows that you’re listening carefully. N 4 your head lets them know you understand. However, body language can be different from one culture to another, like too much eye contact can make some people uncomfortable. Learning these differences helps us do better in social c 5 .
【答案】1.(m)essages 2.(b)ored 3.(m)atter 4.(N)odding 5.(c)ommunication
【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言是与他人互动时的有力工具。
1.句意:即使我们不说话,我们的手势、面部表情和姿势也会向他人传递信息。根据下文“For example, standing up straight shows confidence; waving your hand shows that you are friendly; looking at your fingers shows others you’re not interested or... .”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示向他人传递信息。message“信息”,根据后面的“to others”可知,应用复数形式messages。故填(m)essages。
2.句意:例如,站直表示自信;挥手表示你很友好;看着你的手指向别人表明你不感兴趣或无聊。根据“looking at your fingers shows others you’re not interested or...”以及首字母提示可知,应填形容词bored“无聊的”,和前面的not interested并列作表语。故填(b)ored。
3.句意:与某人交谈时,小动作也重要。根据下文“Looking into the eyes of the speaker shows that you’re listening carefully. ...your head lets them know you understand.”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示小动作也重要。matter“要紧、重要”,时态为一般现在时,陈述事实,主语actions是复数,谓语动词用原形。故填(m)atter。
4.句意:点头让他们知道你理解。根据“...your head lets them know you understand.”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示点头。nod one’s head“点头”,作主语,用动名词形式。故填(N)odding。
5.句意:了解这些差异有助于我们更好地进行社交沟通。根据前文“Body language is a powerful tool when interacting with others.”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示有助于我们更好地进行社交沟通。 communication“沟通”,不可数名词。故填(c)ommunication。
B(语法填空)
阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The 15th National Games have received wide attention from millions of sports fans. Its opening ceremony (开幕式) has also become a hot topic 1 the Internet. While people waited for the ceremony to start, they were surprised 2 (see) so many kinds of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产).
One of 3 (attractive) shows was the flying Aoyu, a huge dragon-headed fish that flew slowly above the bright lights. In ancient Chinese 4 (story), the Aoyu means “number one in the exam.” Soon after, a long white-cloth dragon moved like a silver river across the field. Candles inside its body made it shine 5 (bright) in the dark, and the crowd called it “the ballet of dragons”. Between these moments, Kung Fu players performed 6 (power) and fast kicks. Cantonese Opera artists amazed the audience with 7 (they) wonderful singing voices. And lion dances were full of exciting moments. The wonderful mix of traditional art and modern lights showed young viewers 8 cultural confidence means. Even the Chaoshan Culture played 9 important part. The exciting Yingge Dance and Double Goose Dance also caught the eyes of everyone present.
All in all, the National Games are not only about winning medals, but also about traditions that 10 (keep) alive today.
【答案】
1.on 2.to see 3.the most attractive 4.stories 5.brightly 6.powerful 7.their 8.what 9.an 10.are kept
【导语】本文介绍了第十五届全运会开幕式上的鳌鱼造型灯笼,讲述其构造、技术原理及背后的文化寓意,传递了美好的祝愿。
1.句意:它的开幕式也成为了互联网上的一个热门话题。根据“the Internet”可知,此处指在互联网上,用介词on。故填on。
2.句意:当人们等待仪式开始时,他们惊讶地看到这么多种类的中国非物质文化遗产。be surprised to do sth.“惊讶地做某事”,固定短语,因此填不定式。故填to see。
3.句意:最吸引人的节目之一是飞翔的鳌鱼,一条巨大的龙头鱼,在明亮的灯光上缓缓飞行。根据“One of...shows”可知,此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……之一”。故填the most attractive。
4.句意:在中国古代故事中,鳌鱼意味着“考试第一”。根据“In ancient Chinese...”可知,此处指中国古代故事,用名词复数形式。故填stories。
5.句意:它体内的蜡烛使它在黑暗中闪闪发光,人们称它为“龙之芭蕾”。根据“made it shine...”可知,此处修饰动词“shine”,用副词形式brightly。故填brightly。
6.句意:在这些时刻之间,功夫演员进行了有力而快速的踢腿。根据“and fast kicks”可知,此处与fast并列,修饰“kicks”,用形容词形式powerful。故填powerful。
7.句意:粤剧艺术家用他们美妙的歌声让观众惊叹不已。根据“wonderful singing voices”可知,此处指他们的歌声,用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。
8.句意:传统艺术与现代灯光的完美结合向年轻观众展示了文化自信的含义。根据“showed young viewers...cultural confidence means.”可知,此处是宾语从句,连接词在从句中作means的宾语,指物,用what。故填what。
9.句意:甚至潮汕文化也发挥了重要作用。play an important part“发挥重要作用”,固定短语。故填an。
10.句意:总之,全运会不仅仅是赢得奖牌,也是关于那些至今仍被传承下来的传统。根据“that...alive today”可知,此处指被传承下来的传统,用被动语态,结合“today”可知,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are kept。
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