专题05 单项选择（动词的时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、情态动词）-【河北省对口升学】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【河北省对口升学】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题05 单项选择 （动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词、情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握主谓一致，非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2025年 1. Every evening, the dishes ________ by the kids in my family. A. washes B. is washed C. wash D. are washed 2. Mr. Wang ________ Jane Chinese poems now. A. taught B. had taught C. is teaching D. would teach 3. Last winter, my dad and I ________ a lovely snowman in the yard. A. make B. made C. will make D. would make 2024年 1. I don’t have a basketball, but Alan ________. He is a great player. A. do B. will do C. did D. does 2. Handan once ________ as the capital of Zhao in history. A. serves B. served C. was serving D. had served 3. Zhangjiakou ________ the rising popularity of ice and snow sports since 2022. A. saw B. sees C. is seeing D. has seen 2023年 1. Every year, much food ________ around the world. A. are wasted B. is wasted C. waste D. wastes 2. We are going to climb the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow. A. will not rain B. doesn’t rain C. would not rain D. didn’t rain 3. He ______ the book when I came in. A. was reading B. were reading C. are reading D. is reading 2022年 1. If Tom _______to the concert, he will play the piano perfectly. A. will be invited B. will invite C. invites D. is invited 2021年 1. If all of us try our best, we ________ the match. A. win B. won C. will win D. have won 2. When we arrived, he ________. A. has left B. had left C. leaves D. is left 3. The kid is ________ a blue coat. A. putting B. wears C. wearing D. dressing 4. Hardly _______ down at the table when the telephone rang. A. I had sat B. had I sat C. I sat D. do I sit 5. Many presents _______ the old lady on her birthday. A. were sent B. were sent to C. send D. send to 考向02 主谓一致 2025年 1. There ________ a beautiful garden in our school now. We all love it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2023年 1. The teacher told the students that ________ four seasons in a year. A. there are B. there is C. there was D. there were 2022年 1. Not only my classmates but also my teacher _______ skiing on weekends. A. prefer to go B. prefers to go C. prefer going to D. prefers going to 2. A large number of children _______ running around the playground when I saw them. A. was B. were C. is D. are 2021年 1. A woman with two children ________ come. A. has B. have C. are D. is 考向03 非谓语动词 2025年 1. My grandpa enjoys ________ Taiji to keep fit. A. play B. played C. playing D. to play 2. We would like ________ ourselves to prepare us for the future. A. improve B. improved C. improves D. to improve 3. ________ by the story of Lin Qiaozhi, my sister chose to become a doctor. A. Move B. Moved C. Moving D. To move 2024年 1. ________ a healthy relationship, we must respect each other. A. Keep B. Kept C. Keeping D. To keep 2. ________ our national park is like opening a storybook filled with wonders. A. Visiting. B. Visited C. Visit D. Having visited 3. ________ in thought, Tom didn’t notice it was getting dark. A. Losing B. Lose C. Lost D. To lose 4. They couldn’t help ________ into the air when they won the game. A. jump B. jumped C. to jump D. jumping 2023年 1. I am looking forward to ______ with my new partners. A. working B. work C. works D. worked 2. I don’t understand the language ______ on this island. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. spoke 3. Would you mind my _________ here? A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. smokes 2022年 1. _______ a good chance, he would win by confidence. A. Given B. Gave C. Be given D. Give 2. Items like _______ paper would help to improve the environment. A. reusing B. reuses C. to reuse D. reused 3. He was seen _______ on the ground when the policemen came in. A. lie B. lying C. lay D. to lie 2021年 1. I forgot ________ her when we were going to meet. A. to tell B. tell C. tells D. told 2. I had my phone _______ yesterday. A. repairs B. to repair C. repaired D. to be repaird 3. I found a man _______ on the ground on my way home. A. lain B. to lie C. lie D. lying 考向04 情态动词 2025年 1. — Must I follow your advice? — No, you ________. You can have your own voice. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. would 2024年 1. — Can you drive? — No, I, ________. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 2023年 1. —Must I arrive at school before 7:30? —______ . A. No, you mustn’t B. No, you needn’t C. No, you won’t D. No, you have to 2021年 1. Mike didn’t hear the doorbell. He _______ asleep. A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. must have been 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【河北省对口升学】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题05 单项选择 （动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词、情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握主谓一致，非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2025年 1. Every evening, the dishes ________ by the kids in my family. A. washes B. is washed C. wash D. are washed 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致及动词的时态和语态。句意：在我家，每天晚上碗碟都由孩子们来洗。根据“Every evening”可知，句子描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，“the dishes”和“wash”之间是被动关系，即碗碟被洗，且“the dishes”是复数，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态“are washed”。故选D。 2. Mr. Wang ________ Jane Chinese poems now. A. taught B. had taught C. is teaching D. would teach 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：王老师现在正在教简中国古诗。根据“now”可知，句子描述的是现在正在进行的动作，应该用现在进行时，其结构是“be+动词的现在分词”，主语“Mr. Wang”是第三人称单数，故填is teaching。故选C。 3. Last winter, my dad and I ________ a lovely snowman in the yard. A. make B. made C. will make D. would make 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：去年冬天，我和爸爸在院子里堆了一个可爱的雪人。根据“Last winter”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，“make”的过去式是“made”。故选B。 2024年 1. I don’t have a basketball, but Alan ________. He is a great player. A. do B. will do C. did D. does 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我没有篮球，但是艾伦有。他是一个非常棒的球员。根据“don’t have”和“is”可知，描述的是现状，用的是一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时，主语是Alan是第三人称单数，所以助动词用does，替代“has a basketball”。故选D。 2. Handan once ________ as the capital of Zhao in history. A. serves B. served C. was serving D. had served 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：邯郸在历史上曾作为赵国的都城。根据“once ”以及“in history”可知，动作发生在过去且已结束，应用一般过去时served。故选B。 3. Zhangjiakou ________ the rising popularity of ice and snow sports since 2022. A. saw B. sees C. is seeing D. has seen 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：张家口自 2022 年以来见证了冰雪运动的日益普及。根据时间状语“since 2022”可知，强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，需使用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）故选D。 2023年 1. Every year, much food ________ around the world. A. are wasted B. is wasted C. waste D. wastes 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：每年，世界各地都会浪费大量食物。根据“every year”可知，此句为一般现在时，主语food与动词waste之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，且food是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以这里用“is wasted”。故选B。 2. We are going to climb the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow. A. will not rain B. doesn’t rain C. would not rain D. didn’t rain 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬长城。分析句子结构可知，这是一个条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”的语法规则。主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；从句主语是it，谓语动词用doesn’t rain。故选B。 3. He ______ the book when I came in. A. was reading B. were reading C. are reading D. is reading 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：当我进来时，他正在看书。根据“when I came in （当我进来时）”可知，当我进来时，另一个动作正在发生，他正在看书，所以要用过去进行时。故选A。 2022年 1. If Tom _______to the concert, he will play the piano perfectly. A. will be invited B. will invite C. invites D. is invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：如果汤姆被邀请参加音乐会，他会很完美地演奏钢琴。分析句子结构可知，这是一个条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”的语法规则。主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；从句主语是Tom，和动词invite是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态is invited。故选D。 2021年 1. If all of us try our best, we ________ the match. A. win B. won C. will win D. have won 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：如果我们都尽了最大的努力，我们就会赢得这场比赛。这是if引导的条件状语从句，时态应遵循“主将从现”原则，设空处是句子的主句，从句使用的是一般现在时，主句应使用一般将来时will win。故选C。 2. When we arrived, he ________. A. has left B. had left C. leaves D. is left 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们到达时，他已经走了。根据句意可知，我们到达是发生在过去的，他离开是在我们到达之前，也就是在过去的过去发生的，因此，应使用过去完成时“had done”结构。故选B。 3. The kid is ________ a blue coat. A. putting B. wears C. wearing D. dressing 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在进行时和动词辨析。句意：这个小孩正在穿一件蓝色的外套。A. putting穿，与介词on搭配；B. wears穿着，第三人称单数形式；C. wearing穿着，现在分词；D. dressing给……穿衣，宾语指人。分析句子可知，此处应用现在分词，与空格前的“is”构成现在进行时，表示“正在穿一件蓝色外套”，选项C符合语境。故选C。 4. Hardly _______ down at the table when the telephone rang. A. I had sat B. had I sat C. I sat D. do I sit 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时和倒装句。句意：我刚在桌旁坐下，电话就响了。hardly ... when ...意为“一……就……”，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，其结构为had done；hardly位于句首，句子要进行部分倒装，将助动词had提前。故选B。 5. Many presents _______ the old lady on her birthday. A. were sent B. were sent to C. send D. send to 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这位老太太生日那天收到了许多礼物。分析句子可知，句子主语Many presents“许多礼物”与动作“送”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，排除选项C和D；短语send sth. to sb.，意为“把某物送给某人”，其被动结构为sth. be sent to sb.。故选B。 考向02 主谓一致 2025年 1. There ________ a beautiful garden in our school now. We all love it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【详解】考查there be句型的主谓一致和时态。句意：现在我们学校里有一个漂亮的花园。我们都很喜欢它。根据时间状语now可知，句子用一般现在时；又因主语“a beautiful garden”是单数名词短语，所以be动词用is符合语境。故选A。 2023年 1. The teacher told the students that ________ four seasons in a year. A. there are B. there is C. there was D. there were 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致、一般现在时及宾语从句。句意：老师告诉学生，一年有四个季节。分析句子可知，“that ... four seasons in a year.”为宾语从句，在宾语从句中，时态的使用通常要根据主句的时态来决定，但当宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象等时，无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句都要用一般现在时。在这个句子中，“一年有四个季节”是一个客观存在的事实，是不会随着时间改变的，故从句用一般现在时，“four seasons”是复数概念，所以要用“there are”。故选A。 2022年 1. Not only my classmates but also my teacher _______ skiing on weekends. A. prefer to go B. prefers to go C. prefer going to D. prefers going to 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我的同学，而且我的老师也喜欢在周末去滑雪。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是由not only ... but also连接的两个并列的主语，谓语动词的形式要遵循就近原则，则要与my teacher保持一致，故用动词第三人称单数形式prefers。根据固定短语“更喜欢”prefer to go 或prefer going,以及“去滑雪”go skiing可知，此处应用prefers to go。故选B。 2. A large number of children _______ running around the playground when I saw them. A. was B. were C. is D. are 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：当我看到他们的时候，许多孩子正绕着操场跑步。根据时间状语从句when I saw them可知，主句用过去进行时，表示“当……时，正在……”；主语A large number of children是可数名词复数，意为“许多孩子”，谓语动词应用复数were。故选B。 2021年 1. A woman with two children ________ come. A. has B. have C. are D. is 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。“with two children”是伴随状语，句子的主语是“A woman”，单数形式，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，因此排除BC项；如果使用“is”和后面的“come”构成一般现在时被动语态结构，但是“come”是不及物动词，没有被动形式，因此排除D项；“has come”是现在完成时的结构，符合题意。故选A。 考向03 非谓语动词 2025年 1. My grandpa enjoys ________ Taiji to keep fit. A. play B. played C. playing D. to play 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我爷爷喜欢打太极拳来保持健康。固定短语enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，根据“My grandpa enjoys”可知，空处应用动名词形式，故填playing。故选C。 2. We would like ________ ourselves to prepare us for the future. A. improve B. improved C. improves D. to improve 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们想要提升自己来为未来做好准备。固定短语would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，根据“We would like”可知，空处应用动词不定式“to improve”。故选D。 3. ________ by the story of Lin Qiaozhi, my sister chose to become a doctor. A. Move B. Moved C. Moving D. To move 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：被林巧稚的故事所感动，我的姐姐选择成为一名医生。句子已经有谓语动词“chose”，此空用非谓语动词；句子的主语是“my sister”，她是“被感动”的对象，需要用过去分词。Moved来表示被动和完成的含义，在句中作原因状语。因此用Moved符合语境。故选B。 2024年 1. ________ a healthy relationship, we must respect each other. A. Keep B. Kept C. Keeping D. To keep 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要想保持一段健康的关系，我们必须互相尊重。分析句子结构及选项可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，根据句意可知，“互相尊重”的目的是“保持一段健康的关系”，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 2. ________ our national park is like opening a storybook filled with wonders. A. Visiting. B. Visited C. Visit D. Having visited 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：参观我们的国家公园就像打开一本充满奇迹的故事书。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处为非谓语动词作主语，所以只有动名词形式visiting符合语法规则。故选A。 3. ________ in thought, Tom didn’t notice it was getting dark. A. Losing B. Lose C. Lost D. To lose 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆陷入思索，没有注意到天渐渐黑了。lose丢失，及物动词，丢失的对象作其动作的承受者。分析句子结构可知，句子主体部分是“Tom didn’t notice it was getting dark”，已有谓语“didn’t notice”，故此处需用非谓语动词，作原因状语；​​根据“Tom didn’t notice”可知，是Tom被丢失在思索状态中，即“陷入了思索”，句子主语Tom与非谓动作lose是被动关系，需用过去分词Lost​​ ，此时表示被动和状态双重效果​​。故选C。 4. They couldn’t help ________ into the air when they won the game. A. jump B. jumped C. to jump D. jumping 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语搭配。句意：当他们赢得比赛时，他们情不自禁地跳了起来。根据“when they won the game”可知，此处是强调喜悦之情“情不自禁做某事”，“can’t/couldn’t help doing”意为“禁不住，忍不住”，是固定短语，空处应用动名词形式。故选D。 2023年 1. I am looking forward to ______ with my new partners. A. working B. work C. works D. worked 【答案】A 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我盼望跟新的伙伴一起工作。固定用法look forward to doing...意为“盼望做某事”，to是介词,后面接动名词作宾语。故选A。 2. I don’t understand the language ______ on this island. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. spoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我听不懂这个岛上说的语言。分析句子结构可知，speak on this island作后置定语修饰language，且和language是被动关系，表示“被说，被使用”，应用过去分词spoken表示被动。故选B。 3. Would you mind my _________ here? A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. smokes 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你介意我在这里抽烟吗？mind one’s doing sth.表示“介意某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 2022年 1. _______ a good chance, he would win by confidence. A. Given B. Gave C. Be given D. Give 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：给他一个机会的话，他就会自信地赢。分析句子可知，...a good chance作条件状语,故此处give用非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，应用过去分词given。故选A。 2. Items like _______ paper would help to improve the environment. A. reusing B. reuses C. to reuse D. reused 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：像再生纸这样的物品可以帮助改善环境。分析句子结构可知，动词reuse作定语修饰paper，与paper是被动关系，表示“被再次利用的”，应用过去分词reused。故选D。 3. He was seen _______ on the ground when the policemen came in. A. lie B. lying C. lay D. to lie 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当警察进来的时候，他被看到正在地上躺着。分析句子可知，动词lie作补语，与逻辑主语he是主动关系，且表示“正躺着”，用现在分词lying。故选B。 2021年 1. I forgot ________ her when we were going to meet. A. to tell B. tell C. tells D. told 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我忘了告诉她我们什么时候见面。根据句意可知，本该告诉她见面的时间，但是忘记告诉她了，应用动词短语“forget to do”表示忘记要去做的事情，这意味着这件事情本来应该做，但是忘记了，所以没有做。故选A。 2. I had my phone _______ yesterday. A. repairs B. to repair C. repaired D. to be repaird 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词作宾补。句意：我昨天去修了我的手机。分析句子可知，“my phone”与动词“repair”之间是被动关系，短语have sth. done，意为“让某事被做”，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C 3. I found a man _______ on the ground on my way home. A. lain B. to lie C. lie D. lying 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：在我回家的路上，我发现一个男人正躺在地上。分析句子可知，此处表示“在我回家的路上”这个时间点，我发现一个男人正处于躺在地上的这个正在进行的动作状态，用“find+宾语+doing sth.”结构，意为“发现……正在做某事”，用现在分词充当宾语补足语，符合语境。故选D。 考向04 情态动词 2025年 1. — Must I follow your advice? — No, you ________. You can have your own voice. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. would 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——我必须听从你的建议吗？——不，你不必。你可以有自己的声音。A. can’t不能；B. needn’t不必；C. mustn’t禁止；D. would将会。根据“No (不)”可知，此处是否定回答，以 must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。故选B。 2024年 1. — Can you drive? — No, I, ________. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——你会开车吗？——不，我不会。A. mustn’t不得；B. can’t不会；C. needn’t不必；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“ Can you drive?”可知，问句中Can表示能力，否定答语中应用can’t，表示没有能力做某事。故选B。 2023年 1. —Must I arrive at school before 7:30? —______ . A. No, you mustn’t B. No, you needn’t C. No, you won’t D. No, you have to 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词和一般疑问句的回答。句意：—我必须在7:30之前到达学校吗？—不，你没有必要。根据“must”用法可知，“must”开头提问的一般疑问句的回答，肯定回答用“Yes, ...must.”；否定回答用“No, ...needn’t/don’t have to”。结合选项B正确。故选B。 2021年 1. Mike didn’t hear the doorbell. He _______ asleep. A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. must have been 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：麦克没有听到门铃。他一定睡着了。A. should be应该是，对现在的推测；B. should have been本应该是；C. must be一定，对现在的肯定推测；D. must have been一定，对过去的肯定推测。分析句子可知，此处应是基于“麦克没有听到门铃”这一背景，对当时的情况进行推测；根据“didn’t hear”可知，事情发生在过去，对过去的情况进行推测，选项D符合语境。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $