Unit 1 Career talks 语法：被动语态讲义（专项练习） - 2025-2026学年外研版八年级下册英语

2026春季新版八年级下册外研版Unit 1 Career talks 语法讲义 Grammar：被动语态精讲精练 一、被动语态概述 被动语态使用场景：不知道动作执行者、没必要指出执行者、强调动作承受者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词形式 主动变被动口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称很关键。 主动：The farmers grow cotton every year. 被动： Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. 二、一般现在时的被动语态 1、一般现在时的被动语态 结构：主语+ am/is/are+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+ 其他 例句：The classroom is cleaned by us every day.（教室每天被我们打扫。） 2、一般现在时的被动语态：否定句 否定句结构：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的过去分词+其他结构 The baby is looked after by his father. → 变否定：The baby isn't looked after by his father. The glass is broken by the little boy. → 变否定：The glass isn't broken by the little boy. 3、一般现在时的被动语态：一般疑问句 一般疑问句结构：Am/Is/Are+主语+动词过去分词+其他结构 English is spoken by many people. → 变一般疑问句：Is English spoken by many people? Many trees are planted in North China. → 变一般疑问句：Are many trees planted in North China? 三、一般将来时的被动语态 1、一般将来时的被动语态结构： will + be + 动词的过去分词 be going to + be + 动词的过去分词 More man-made satellites（人造卫星）will be sent up in the future. 在未来，更多的人造卫星将会被发射。 Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. = Trees are going to be planted by them tomorrow. 树明天将被他们种。 2、一般将来时的被动语态：否定句 （will句型）：`主语 + will not (won't) + be + 动词的过去分词 + 其他` More man-made satellites will be sent up in the future. 否定句：More man-made satellites won't be sent up in the future. 在未来，更多的人造卫星不会被发射。 （be going to句型）：`主语 + be not + going to + be + 动词的过去分词 + 其他` Trees are going to be planted by them tomorrow. 否定句：Trees aren't going to be planted by them tomorrow. 树明天不会被他们种。 3、一般将来时的被动语态：一般疑问句 （will句型）：`Will + 主语 + be + 动词的过去分词 + 其他？` More man-made satellites will be sent up in the future. 一般疑问句：Will more man-made satellites be sent up in the future? 在未来，更多的人造卫星会被发射吗？ （be going to句型）：` Be + 主语 + going to + be + 动词的过去分词 + 其他？` Trees are going to be planted by them tomorrow. 一般疑问句：Are trees going to be planted by them tomorrow? 树明天会被他们种吗？ 综合练习（80题） 一、选择题。 ( )1. —Do you know why the library rules ______so strictly? —Because they help keep the reading environment good. A. are followed B. follow C. will follow D. will be followed ( )2. This kind of smart watch ______not only in China but also in many foreign countries now. A. is sold B. sells C. will be sold D. sold ( )3. —How often ______the old temple ____________? —Once a year by local villagers. A. is; repaired B. does; repair C. will; be repaired D. was; repaired ( )4. A lot of research ______on the new medicine before it comes into the market. A. does B. is done C. will do D. will be done ( )5. The secret of his success ______by him at the meeting tomorrow, so don't miss it. A. is shared B. shares C. will be shared D. shared ( )6. —______the school sports meeting ______if it rains next Friday? —No, it will be put off until the next week. A. Will; hold B. Is; held C. Will; be held D. Does; hold ( )7. These ancient paintings ______in a special room to protect them from damage. A. keep B. are kept C. will keep D. will be kept ( )8. The results of the exam ______to the students' parents as soon as they are ready. A. send B. are sent C. will send D. will be sent ( )9. —Who ______the new community center ____________? —It's designed by a famous architect and ______next year. A. is; designed; built B. does; design; will be built C. is; designed by; will be built D. will; be designed; is built ( )10. English ______as a second language in many countries, and it ______more and more important. A. speaks; becomes B. is spoken; is becoming C. is spoken; will become D. will be spoken; becomes ( )11. The project ______by the end of this month, so all the workers are working hard. A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed ( )12. —Why are the roads closed today? —Because some important repairs ______on them. A. are done B. are being done C. will do D. will be done ( )13. This novel ______into several languages since it was published, and it ______in many bookstores now. A. is translated; sells B. translates; is sold C. has been translated; is sold D. will be translated; sells ( )14. The old theater ______for over 50 years, but it ______soon to make room for a new shopping mall. A. is used; will be pulled down B. has been used; will be pulled down C. uses; pulls down D. used; will pull down ( )15. —______the meeting ______in the main hall or the small room? —It ______in the main hall because there are too many people. A. Is; held; will be held B. Will; be held; will be held C. Does; hold; is held D. Will; hold; is held ( )16. The letters ______by hand in the past, but now most of them ______by email. A. write; send B. are written; are sent C. were written; are sent D. will be written; will be sent ( )17. A new subway line ______in our city, and it ______to the airport when it's finished. A. is built; connects B. is being built; will connect C. builds; will be connected D. is being built; will be connected ( )18. The flowers ______every morning, so they look so fresh all the time. A. water B. are watered C. will water D. will be watered ( )19. —When ______the new school ____________? —It ______last year, and it ______over 2,000 students now. A. is; built; was built; holds B. was; built; was built; is holding C. was; built; built; holds D. will; be built; is built; holds ( )20. The machine ______properly if it ______according to the instructions. A. works; is operated B. is worked; operates C. will work; is operated D. will be worked; will operate ( )21. These valuable documents ____ in a safe place, and only a few people ____ to access them. A. keep; allow B. are kept; are allowed C. will keep; will allow D. will be kept; will be allowed ( )22. —Has the plan ______yet? —No, it ______by the manager tomorrow morning. A. approved; will be discussed B. been approved; will discuss C. been approved; will be discussed D. approved; discusses ( )23. The children ______not to play near the river because it's dangerous, but some of them still do. A. tell B. are told C. will tell D. will be told ( )24. A big event ______in our city next month, and all the preparations ______now. A. holds; are made B. is held; are being made C. will be held; are being made D. will hold; make ( )25. The computer ______by my brother yesterday, but it ______yet because he is too busy. A. repairs; isn't fixed B. is repaired; doesn't fix C. was repaired; hasn't been fixed D. will be repaired; won't be fixed ( )26. —______the new bridge ______to traffic yet? —No, it ______until next month. A. Is; opened; won't be opened B. Has; been opened; won't be opened C. Will; be opened; isn't opened D. Does; open; won't open ( )27. The courses ______by experienced teachers, and each student _____ a personal study plan. A. teach; gives B. are taught; is given C. will teach; will give D. are teaching; is giving ( )28. The environment ______if we keep polluting it, so more actions ______to stop pollution. A. will be destroyed; will be taken B. destroys; take C. is destroyed; are taken D. will destroy; will take ( )29. —Who ______the classroom keys? —I don't know. Maybe they ______by Tom. He was the last one to leave. A. takes; are taken B. took; were taken C. has taken; were taken D. will take; will be taken ( )30. The old man's story ______many people, and it ______into a movie soon. A. touches; will be made B. is touched; makes C. touched; is made D. is touching; will make ( )31. The tasks ______to different groups, and each group ______to finish them in three days. A. assign; requires B. are assigned; is required C. will assign; will require D. are assigning; requires ( )32. —Why ______the new software ______by so few people? —Because it ______too complicated to use. A. uses; is B. is; used; is C. is; used; seems D. will; be used; seems ( )33. The park ______at 6:00 a.m. every day and ______at 8:00 p.m. A. opens; closes B. is opened; is closed C. will open; will close D. is opening; is closing ( )34. The report ______carefully before it ______to the director. A. checks; sends B. is checked; is sent C. will check; will send D. will be checked; will be sent ( )35. —______the books ______back to the library on time? —Yes, otherwise a fine ______. A. Must; be returned; will be charged B. Do; return; charges C. Will; be returned; is charged D. Are; returned; will charge 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. The rare animals ______(protect) by the government, and no one is allowed to hunt them. 2. This kind of cloth ______(not wash) in hot water, or it will shrink. 3. The meeting ______(hold) in the conference room tomorrow morning, so please arrive on time. 4. The old house ______(renovate) now, and it ______(turn) into a community library next year. 5. These questions ______(discuss) at the next meeting, so we need to prepare our ideas. 6. The letters ______(not send) until all the information is confirmed. 7. A lot of waste ______(recycle) in our city every year, which helps protect the environment. 8. The new technology ______(develop) by a team of scientists, and it ______(put) into use soon. 9. The children ______(teach) to respect the elderly since they were very young. 10. The results of the competition ______(announce) on the school website next Monday. 11. This song ______(sing) by many famous singers, and it ______(become) more and more popular. 12. The bridge ______(not build) yet, but it ______(complete) by the end of next year. 13. The patients ______(take) good care of in this hospital, and their needs ______(always consider). 14. The problem ______(not solve) easily, so more time ______(need) to study it. 15. The historical site ______(visit) by thousands of tourists every year, and it ______(protect) very well. 16. The new product ______(test) for three months before it ______(launch) on the market. 17. The students ______(ask) to hand in their homework before 8 o'clock every morning. 18. The old railway ______(abandon) for many years, but it ______(restore) as a tourist attraction soon. 19. The message ______(pass) from one student to another until everyone knows it. 20. The trees ______(not cut down) in this area, because they ______(play) an important role in preventing floods. 21. The contract ______(sign) by both parties tomorrow, and the project ______(start) immediately after that. 22. The data ______(collect) by the researchers now, and it ______(analyze) next month. 23. The film ______(base) on a true story, and it ______(direct) by a famous director. 24. The tickets for the concert ______(sell) out quickly, so you'd better buy them in advance. 25. The rules of the game ______(explain) to the players before the match ______(begin). 三、句型转换，把下面的句子转换成被动语态。 1. People don't allow smoking in this building. _________________________________________________________________________________2. My uncle will design a new bridge over the river. _________________________________________________________________________________3. The teacher has told the students to finish the task on time. _________________________________________________________________________________4. They are repairing the broken road these days. _________________________________________________________________________________5. Farmers grow different kinds of vegetables in the greenhouse. _________________________________________________________________________________6. The company will offer more job opportunities to young people next year. _________________________________________________________________________________7. We must keep the classroom clean and tidy. _________________________________________________________________________________8. Someone stole his wallet when he was shopping yesterday. _________________________________________________________________________________9. The scientists are doing a lot of research on the new virus. _________________________________________________________________________________10. They have built three new schools in our district since 2020. _________________________________________________________________________________11. The boss will ask us to attend an important meeting tomorrow. _________________________________________________________________________________12. People use this tool to cut metal. _________________________________________________________________________________13. The workers are putting up new street lights along the road. _________________________________________________________________________________14. She has written five novels so far, and the sixth one will come out next year. _________________________________________________________________________________15. The government is going to build a new hospital for children. _________________________________________________________________________________16. They should take good care of the old people in the community. _________________________________________________________________________________17. A famous writer wrote this book in the 1990s, and it has been translated into many languages. _________________________________________________________________________________18. We will hold a big party to celebrate our school's 100th anniversary. _________________________________________________________________________________19. The technicians are testing the new equipment carefully. _________________________________________________________________________________20. They have invited many experts to give speeches at the conference. _________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版八年级下册Unit 1 被动语态提升专项习题答案解析 一、选择题（35小题） 1. 答案：A 解析：句意“你知道为什么图书馆规则被严格遵守吗？”，“规则”是“遵守”的承受者，用被动语态；根据语境“现在的状态”，用一般现在时被动语态（am/is/are+过去分词），follow的过去分词是followed，故选A。 2. 答案：A 解析：句意“这种智能手表现在不仅在中国销售，还在许多外国销售”，“手表”是“销售”的承受者，用被动语态；时间状语now提示一般现在时，故选A。 3. 答案：A 解析：句意“这座古寺多久被修缮一次？”，“古寺”是“修缮”的承受者，用被动语态；how often提问频率，提示一般现在时，故选A。 4. 答案：B 解析：句意“这种新药上市前会做大量研究”，“研究”是“做”的承受者，用被动语态；before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句也用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 5. 答案：C 解析：句意“他成功的秘诀明天会在会议上被分享”，时间状语tomorrow提示一般将来时，“秘诀”是“分享”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态（will be+过去分词），故选C。 6. 答案：C 解析：句意“如果下周五下雨，学校运动会会被举办吗？”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时；“运动会”是“举办”的承受者，用被动语态，故选C。 7. 答案：B 解析：句意“这些古画被保存在特殊房间里以防损坏”，“古画”是“保存”的承受者，用被动语态；根据语境“现在的状态”，用一般现在时，故选B。 8. 答案：D 解析：句意“考试结果一准备好就会发给学生家长”，“结果”是“发送”的承受者，用被动语态；as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故选D。 9. 答案：C 解析：第一空“社区中心被谁设计”，用一般现在时被动语态，“被某人设计”是be designed by sb.；第二空“明年被建造”，用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。 10. 答案：C 解析：第一空“英语在许多国家被当作第二语言”，用一般现在时被动语态；第二空“它将会变得越来越重要”，表将来的趋势，用一般将来时，故选C。 11. 答案：D 解析：句意“这个项目将在本月底完成”，时间状语by the end of this month提示一般将来时，“项目”是“完成”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态，故选D。 12. 答案：B 解析：句意“为什么今天道路封闭了？因为正在进行重要修缮”，根据语境“现在正在进行的动作”，用现在进行时被动语态（am/is/are being+过去分词），故选B。 13. 答案：C 解析：第一空since it was published提示用现在完成时，“小说被翻译”用现在完成时被动语态（has been+过去分词）；第二空“现在在书店销售”，用一般现在时被动语态，故选C。 14. 答案：B 解析：第一空for over 50 years提示用现在完成时，“剧院被使用”用现在完成时被动语态；第二空soon提示一般将来时，“被拆除”用一般将来时被动语态，故选B。 15. 答案：B 解析：句意“会议将在主厅还是小房间举办？”，根据语境“将来的安排”，用一般将来时被动语态；答句也用一般将来时被动语态呼应，故选B。 16. 答案：C 解析：第一空in the past提示一般过去时，“信件被写”用一般过去时被动语态；第二空now提示一般现在时，“被发送”用一般现在时被动语态，故选C。 17. 答案：D 解析：第一空“新地铁线路正在被建造”，用现在进行时被动语态；第二空“完工后将连接机场”，“地铁”是“连接”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态，故选D。 18. 答案：B 解析：句意“这些花每天早上被浇水”，every morning提示一般现在时，“花”是“浇水”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 19. 答案：B 解析：第一空“新学校什么时候被建造的？”，答句last year提示一般过去时，用一般过去时被动语态；第二空“现在容纳2000多名学生”，用现在进行时或一般现在时，is holding强调当前状态，故选B。 20. 答案：C 解析：句意“如果按照说明操作，这台机器会正常工作”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时被动语态（is operated），主句用一般将来时（will work），主动语态表功能，故选C。 21. 答案：B 解析：句意“这些珍贵文件被保存在安全的地方，只有少数人被允许接触”，“文件”和“人”均为动作的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 22. 答案：C 解析：第一空has提示现在完成时，“计划被批准”用现在完成时被动语态（has been approved）；第二空tomorrow提示一般将来时，“被讨论”用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。 23. 答案：B 解析：句意“孩子们被告诉不要在河边玩”，“孩子们”是“告诉”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 24. 答案：C 解析：第一空next month提示一般将来时，“活动被举办”用一般将来时被动语态；第二空now提示现在进行时，“准备工作正在被做”用现在进行时被动语态，故选C。 25. 答案：C 解析：第一空yesterday提示一般过去时，“电脑被修理”用一般过去时被动语态；第二空yet提示现在完成时，“还没被修好”用现在完成时被动语态（hasn't been fixed），故选C。 26. 答案：B 解析：第一空yet提示现在完成时，“桥被开放”用现在完成时被动语态（has been opened）；第二空“直到下个月才会被开放”，用一般将来时被动语态，故选B。 27. 答案：B 解析：句意“课程由经验丰富的老师教授，每个学生都被给予个人学习计划”，“课程”和“学生”均为动作的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 28. 答案：A 解析：句意“如果我们继续污染，环境将会被破坏，所以会采取更多措施阻止污染”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时；“环境”和“措施”均为动作的承受者，用被动语态，故选A。 29. 答案：C 解析：第一空“谁拿走了教室钥匙”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；第二空“钥匙被汤姆拿走”，用一般过去时被动语态，故选C。 30. 答案：A 解析：第一空“老人的故事感动了很多人”，主动语态表主动含义；第二空“将被拍成电影”，用一般将来时被动语态，故选A。 31. 答案：B 解析：句意“任务被分配给不同的小组，每个小组被要求三天内完成”，“任务”和“小组”均为动作的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 32. 答案：C 解析：第一空“新软件为什么被很少人使用”，用一般现在时被动语态；第二空“它似乎太复杂”，seem为系动词，无被动语态，故选C。 33. 答案：A 解析：句意“公园每天早上6点开门，晚上8点关门”，open和close在此处为不及物动词，表“开/关”的状态，用主动语态表被动含义，故选A。 34. 答案：D 解析：句意“报告在交给主任前会被仔细检查”，“报告”是“检查”和“交给”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态，故选D。 35. 答案：A 解析：句意“书籍必须按时归还图书馆吗？是的，否则会被罚款”，must引导的一般疑问句，被动语态结构为Must+主语+be+过去分词；“罚款被收取”用一般将来时被动语态，故选A。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空（25小题） 1. 答案：are protected 解析：“稀有动物”是“保护”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，主语为复数，故填are protected。 2. 答案：shouldn't be washed 解析：“布料”是“洗”的承受者，用被动语态；根据语境“不应该用热水洗”，故填shouldn't be washed。 3. 答案：will be held 解析：“会议”是“举办”的承受者，时间状语tomorrow morning提示一般将来时被动语态，故填will be held。 4. 答案：is being renovated; will be turned 解析：第一空now提示现在进行时，“老房子被翻新”用现在进行时被动语态；第二空next year提示一般将来时，“被变成图书馆”用一般将来时被动语态，故填is being renovated; will be turned。 5. 答案：will be discussed 解析：“问题”是“讨论”的承受者，at the next meeting提示一般将来时被动语态，故填will be discussed。 6. 答案：won't be sent 解析：“信件”是“发送”的承受者，until引导的条件提示“直到信息确认才发送”，用一般将来时否定被动语态，故填won't be sent。 7. 答案：is recycled 解析：“垃圾”是“回收”的承受者，every year提示一般现在时被动语态，故填is recycled。 8. 答案：is being developed; will be put 解析：第一空“新技术正在被研发”，用现在进行时被动语态；第二空soon提示一般将来时，“被投入使用”用一般将来时被动语态，故填is being developed; will be put。 9. 答案：are taught 解析：“孩子们”是“教”的承受者，since引导的时间状语提示一般现在时被动语态，故填are taught。 10. 答案：will be announced 解析：“比赛结果”是“宣布”的承受者，next Monday提示一般将来时被动语态，故填will be announced。 11. 答案：has been sung; is becoming 解析：第一空“歌曲被许多歌手演唱”，用现在完成时被动语态；第二空“变得越来越流行”，用现在进行时表趋势，故填has been sung; is becoming。 12. 答案：hasn't been built; will be completed 解析：第一空yet提示现在完成时，“桥还没被建造”用现在完成时否定被动语态；第二空by the end of next year提示一般将来时被动语态，故填hasn't been built; will be completed。 13. 答案：are taken; are always considered 解析：“病人”是“照顾”的承受者，“需求”是“考虑”的承受者，均用一般现在时被动语态，故填are taken; are always considered。 14. 答案：isn't solved; is needed 解析：“问题”是“解决”的承受者，用一般现在时否定被动语态；“时间被需要”用一般现在时被动语态，故填isn't solved; is needed。 15. 答案：is visited; is protected 解析：“历史遗址”是“参观”和“保护”的承受者，every year提示一般现在时被动语态，故填is visited; is protected。 16. 答案：will be tested; is launched 解析：“新产品”是“测试”的承受者，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时被动语态；“被投放市场”用一般现在时被动语态，故填will be tested; is launched。 17. 答案：are asked 解析：“学生”是“要求”的承受者，every morning提示一般现在时被动语态，故填are asked。 18. 答案：has been abandoned; will be restored 解析：第一空for many years提示现在完成时，“旧铁路被废弃”用现在完成时被动语态；第二空soon提示一般将来时被动语态，故填has been abandoned; will be restored。 19. 答案：is passed 解析：“消息”是“传递”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态表客观事实，故填is passed。 20. 答案：shouldn't be cut down; play 解析：“树”是“砍伐”的承受者，用被动语态；“发挥重要作用”用主动语态，故填shouldn't be cut down; play。 21. 答案：will be signed; will start 解析：“合同”是“签署”的承受者，tomorrow提示一般将来时被动语态；“项目立即开始”用一般将来时主动语态，故填will be signed; will start。 22. 答案：is being collected; will be analyzed 解析：第一空now提示现在进行时，“数据被收集”用现在进行时被动语态；第二空next month提示一般将来时被动语态，故填is being collected; will be analyzed。 23. 答案：is based; is directed 解析：“电影基于真实故事”“被著名导演执导”，均用一般现在时被动语态，故填is based; is directed。 24. 答案：are sold 解析：“门票被售罄”，用一般现在时被动语态表客观情况，故填are sold。 25. 答案：will be explained; begins 解析：“规则被解释”用一般将来时被动语态；before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，故填will be explained; begins。 三、句型转换（20小题） 1. 答案：Smoking isn't allowed in this building (by people). 解析：主动句宾语smoking变被动句主语，谓语动词allow变被动语态isn't allowed，动作执行者by people可省略。 2. 答案：A new bridge over the river will be designed by my uncle. 解析：主动句宾语a new bridge over the river变主语，一般将来时主动语态will design变被动语态will be designed，动作执行者by my uncle置于句末。 3. 答案：The students have been told to finish the task on time by the teacher. 解析：主动句宾语the students变主语，现在完成时主动语态has told变被动语态have been told，其余成分不变。 4. 答案：The broken road is being repaired by them these days. 解析：主动句宾语the broken road变主语，现在进行时主动语态are repairing变被动语态is being repaired，时间状语these days保留。 5. 答案：Different kinds of vegetables are grown in the greenhouse by farmers. 解析：主动句宾语different kinds of vegetables变主语，一般现在时主动语态grow变被动语态are grown，动作执行者by farmers置于句末。 6. 答案：More job opportunities will be offered to young people by the company next year. 解析：主动句宾语more job opportunities变主语，一般将来时主动语态will offer变被动语态will be offered，其余成分不变。 7. 答案：The classroom must be kept clean and tidy (by us). 解析：主动句宾语the classroom变主语，情态动词must+动词原形keep变must be kept，动作执行者可省略。 8. 答案：His wallet was stolen by someone when he was shopping yesterday. 解析：主动句宾语his wallet变主语，一般过去时主动语态stole变被动语态was stolen，时间状语从句保留。 9. 答案：A lot of research is being done on the new virus by the scientists. 解析：主动句宾语a lot of research变主语，现在进行时主动语态are doing变被动语态is being done，其余成分不变。 10. 答案：Three new schools have been built in our district by them since 2020. 解析：主动句宾语three new schools变主语，现在完成时主动语态have built变被动语态have been built，时间状语since 2020保留。 11. 答案：We will be asked to attend an important meeting by the boss tomorrow. 解析：主动句宾语we变主语，一般将来时主动语态will ask变被动语态will be asked，其余成分不变。 12. 答案：This tool is used to cut metal (by people). 解析：主动句宾语this tool变主语，一般现在时主动语态use变被动语态is used，目的状语to cut metal保留。 13. 答案：New street lights are being put up along the road by the workers. 解析：主动句宾语new street lights变主语，现在进行时主动语态are putting up变被动语态are being put up，其余成分不变。 14. 答案：Five novels have been written by her so far, and the sixth one will be published next year. 解析：第一句主动句宾语five novels变主语，现在完成时主动语态has written变被动语态have been written；第二句“小说被出版”用一般将来时被动语态will be published。 15. 答案：A new hospital for children is going to be built by the government. 解析：主动句宾语a new hospital for children变主语，be going to结构的主动语态变被动语态is going to be built，动作执行者by the government置于句末。 16. 答案：The old people in the community should be taken good care of (by them). 解析：主动句宾语the old people in the community变主语，情态动词should+take good care of变should be taken good care of，固定短语不可拆分。 17. 答案：This book was written by a famous writer in the 1990s, and it has been translated into many languages. 解析：第一句主动句宾语this book变主语，一般过去时主动语态wrote变被动语态was written；第二句原句已为被动语态，直接保留。 18. 答案：A big party will be held to celebrate our school's 100th anniversary (by us). 解析：主动句宾语a big party变主语，一般将来时主动语态will hold变被动语态will be held，目的状语to celebrate...保留。 19. 答案：The new equipment is being tested carefully by the technicians. 解析：主动句宾语the new equipment变主语，现在进行时主动语态are testing变被动语态is being tested，副词carefully修饰被动语态。 20. 答案：Many experts have been invited to give speeches at the conference (by them). 解析：主动句宾语many experts变主语，现在完成时主动语态have invited变被动语态have been invited，目的状语to give speeches...保留。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $