精品解析：上海市延安中学2025-2026学年第一学期期末考试高二年级英语试卷

上海市延安中学2025学年第一学期期末考试 高二年级 英语试卷 （考试时间：90分钟 满分100分） Ⅰ. Listening comprehension Section A (5%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a factory. B. In a hotel room. C. At a reception desk. D. In a classroom. 2. A.10 minutes. B.20 minutes. C.30 minutes. D.40 minutes. 3. A. Good weather. B. Heavy traffic. C. Getting up early. D. Their plan tomorrow. 4. A. She doesn’t like eating the cake. B. She is trying to buy some cake. C. She is leaving to take a flight. D. She is going on a diet now. 5. A. Nervous. B. Relaxed. C. Confident. D. Fine. 6. A. She didn’t hear about John being fired. B. She is surprised that John was dismissed. C. It’s not wise of John’s boss to dismiss him. D. John is certain to be fired sooner or later. 7. A. To write a letter. B. To look for the pen. C. To help her. D. To paint the bookshelf. 8. A. The game was not at all wonderful. B. The guest team was not strong. C. Their team was actually very bad. D. The No.5 player missed the basket too often. 9. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices. C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there. D The man is having trouble deciding what to eat. 10. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer. C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again. Section B (10%) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. At university. B. During his army service. C. Working in the power station. D. Trying to start his own business. 12. A. His company. B. His parents. C. Some businessmen. D. American companies. 13. A. John Baird died of illness and overwork B. TV was not yet popular in the mid-1930s. C. The BBC did not stop its TV service in World War Ⅱ. D. Americans gave John Baird more support than British businessmen. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The six- day rain. B. A raging river. C. A rescue helicopter. D. A life- saving cow. 15. A. She found a fallen tree trunk on her farm. B. She fainted for a while after her fall. C. She waited for rescue until midnight. D. She brought Lizzie to the school gym. 16. A. She was left behind the herd because she was too old. B. She liked licking people’s faces because she was the favorite. C. She saved Nancy’s life by helping her find a small “island” D. She left the island later and was rescued by the Red Cross. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To inquire about a famous physicist. B. To ring back to report his findings. C. To ask for information about the library. D. To take notes with a pencil and paper. 18. A. Darlington. B. New York/ C. Manchester. D. London. 19. A. The method of refrigeration from low temperature physics B. His and his wife’s work on very high frequency radio waves. C. His findings about normal laws of cause and effect. D. The 244 inventions he had patented throughout his life. 20. A. She used to be a student at the University of London. B. She worked with Dennis Hutton on all his achievements. C. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics twice D. She stayed in New York for only three weeks. Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Few Minutes of Brisk (快速的) Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block ... What if you ____1____ look at all the things you do daily and know which ones best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to answer that question by ____2____ (tie) activity monitors to the legs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and tracking their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined ____3____ participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities — as little as six to nine minutes —____4____ (compare) with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had ____5____ (high), cognition (认知) scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is typically defined as brisk walking or cycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement ____6____ (range) from jogging, swimming to biking up a hill, basically any activity ____7____ is able to boost your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day led to improvements in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of such activity had its biggest impact on executive processes ____8____ ____9____ planning and organization. The cognitive improvement was modest, but as additional time ____10____ (spend) doing the more energetic workout the benefits grew, Mitchell said. “Given we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over many years, this may be simply ____11____ those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “However, yes, it could also imply that even minimal changes to our daily lives can have downstream consequences for our cognition.” 【答案】1. could 2. tying 3. how 4. compared 5. higher 6. ranges 7. that 8. such 9. as 10. was spent 11. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，该研究探究了日常少量快速活动对人们认知能力（如短期记忆、问题解决等）的影响，发现即使每天少量的中高强度活动也能提升认知水平。 【1题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：如果你能审视自己每天做的所有事情，并知道哪些最有助于或损害你的大脑，会怎么样呢？空处修饰动词look at，结合句意“能够”，且此处为What if引导的虚拟语气（表假设），用情态动词could“能够”符合语境，表一种可能性。故填could。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最近一项研究试图回答这个问题，研究人员给英国近4500人的腿上佩戴了活动监测器，并追踪他们七天内24小时的活动情况。此处位于介词by后，动词需用动名词形式，by doing sth.表示“通过做某事”，tie的动名词为tying。故填tying。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：然后研究人员分析了参与者的行为如何影响他们的短期记忆、问题解决能力和处理能力。此处引导宾语从句，作examined的宾语，从句中不缺主谓宾，结合句意“如何”，用引导词how表示行为对认知能力的影响方式。故填how。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者约翰·米切尔说：“与坐着、睡觉或进行温和活动相比，即使花少量时间进行更剧烈的活动——只需6到9分钟——的人，认知得分更高。”此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰people，people与compare之间为被动关系（被比较），所以用过去分词compared。故填compared。 【5题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：研究作者约翰·米切尔说：“与坐着、睡觉或进行温和活动相比，即使花少量时间进行更剧烈的活动——只需6到9分钟——的人，认知得分更高。”结合句中“compared with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities”可知，此处存在比较关系，需用形容词比较级，high的比较级为higher。故填higher。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：剧烈运动包括慢跑、游泳、骑自行车上山，基本上是任何能提高心率和呼吸的活动。文章整体为一般现在时，主语Vigorous movement为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，range的第三人称单数为ranges。故填ranges。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：剧烈运动包括慢跑、游泳、骑自行车上山，基本上是任何能提高心率和呼吸的活动。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为any activity，指物，且从句中缺主语，所以用关系代词that（先行词有any修饰，不能用which）。故填that。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：此外，这种活动持续 10 分钟所产生的效果在很大程度上体现在诸如规划和组织等管理流程中。结合后文“planning and organization”可知，此处是对executive processes的具体说明，such as意为“例如”符合题意。故填such。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：此外，这种活动持续 10 分钟所产生的效果在很大程度上体现在诸如规划和组织等管理流程中。结合后文“planning and organization”可知，此处是对executive processes的具体说明，such as意为“例如”符合题意。故填as。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提升幅度不大，但随着花在更剧烈锻炼上的时间增加，好处也会增多。此处为as引导的时间状语从句，主语additional time与spend之间为被动关系（时间被花费），结合上文was和下文grew可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用was，spend的过去分词为spent。故填was spent。 【11题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：“由于我们没有监测参与者多年来的认知情况，这可能只是那些活动更多的人平均认知水平更高，”他说。此处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，用连接词that引导。故填that。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A. thrive B. collective C. compatible D. artifact E. drown F. fulfilling G. crowding H. dyeing I. profound J. workaround K. sensational 12. She found the most ________ part of her career was mentoring young, passionate artisans. 13. Creative minds ________ in environments that value inquiry over simple, routine answers. 14. The ________ news story caused a stir, but after a few days everyone forgot about it. 15. Our class’s ________ efforts in the charity drive raised a significant amount of money for the local community. 16. Facing a software bug, the programmer devised a clever ________ to complete the task on time. 17. In the art class, we learned a creative method of ________ fabrics with different patterns. 18. The museum’s most precious ________ is a beautifully preserved vase from the Ming Dynasty. 19. The documentary about the universe left a ________ impression on me, changing how I see our place in the cosmos. 20. Thoughts about the upcoming exam are ________ in, making it hard to focus on anything else at the moment. 21. She turned up the radio to ________ out the noise from next door. 【答案】12. F 13. A 14. K 15. B 16. J 17. H 18. D 19. I 20. G 21. E 【解析】 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她发现自己职业生涯中最有成就感部分，是指导那些年轻且充满热情的工匠。空处修饰名词part，需填形容词，结合“mentoring young, passionate artisans”这一有意义的行为，形容词fulfilling“令人有成就感的、能带来满足感的”符合题意。故填F。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：有创造力的人在重视探索而非简单、常规答案的环境中会蓬勃发展。空处作句子谓语，结合主语Creative minds和“value inquiry over simple, routine answers”的环境，动词thrive“蓬勃发展、茁壮成长”符合题意，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用原形。故填A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这则耸人听闻的新闻报道引起了一阵轰动，但几天后大家就把它忘了。空处修饰名词news story，需填形容词，结合“caused a stir”和“forgot about it after a few days”的语境，形容词sensational“耸人听闻的、轰动性的”符合题意。故填K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们班在慈善活动中的集体努力为当地社区筹集了大量资金。空处修饰名词efforts，需填形容词，结合“our class”和“raised a significant amount of money”可知，形容词collective“集体的、共同的”符合题意。故填B。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：面对一个软件漏洞，程序员设计了一个巧妙的变通方法以按时完成任务。空处前有不定冠词a和形容词clever修饰，需填名词单数，结合“facing a software bug”和“complete the task on time”可知，名词workaround“变通方法、权宜之计”符合题意。故填J。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在美术课上，我们学习了一种用不同图案给织物染色的创意方法。空处位于介词of后，需填动名词形式，结合“fabrics with different patterns”和art class（美术课）的语境，动词dyeing“染色”符合题意。故填H。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：这家博物馆最珍贵的文物是一件保存完好的明代花瓶。空处前有形容词最高级most precious修饰，需填名词，结合museum和“a beautifully preserved vase from the Ming Dynasty”可知，名词artifact“文物、手工艺品”符合题意。故填D。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这部关于宇宙的纪录片给我留下了深刻的印象，改变了我对人类在宇宙中所处位置的看法。空处修饰名词impression，需填形容词，结合“changing how I see our place in the cosmos”可知，形容词profound“深刻的、意义深远的”符合题意。故填I。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：关于即将到来的考试的思绪不断涌入，让我此刻很难集中精力做其他任何事情。空处前有are，结合“Thoughts about the upcoming exam”和“making it hard to focus”可知，动词crowding“涌入、挤满”符合题意，此处为现在进行时，表示思绪持续涌入的状态。故填G。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她把收音机音量调大，以掩盖隔壁的噪音。空处前有不定式符号to，需填动词原形，结合“turned up the radio”和“the noise from next door”可知，动词drown“淹没、掩盖（声音）”符合题意，drown out为固定搭配，意为“掩盖、压过”。故填E。 Section C (10%) Directions: Complete the article with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A. termed B. brilliantly C. excel D. opposed E. crafted F. stress G. advance H. channel I. perform J. namely K. novel The Incredible Unexpected “I’m sorry I wrote such a long letter; I didn’t have time to write a short one.” This quote by Mark Twain is one of my favorites. His clear message of “less is more” is expressed in a ____22____ way that surprises the reader. We normally associate “long” with “hard” and “short” with “easy.” Mark Twain ____23____ reverses this to create a chemical reaction in the mind of the reader. A good writing style, whether fiction or non-fiction, is filled with what some genius ____24____ “the inevitable unexpected.” But having a clear message is the precondition. Not long ago, prominent Chinese novelist Yu Hua got himself into hot water for recommending that students memorize sentences well ____25____ to capture the teachers’ attention and improve their scores on the zhongkao and gaokao. While this strategy has its merits, he neglected to ____26____ one essential writing rule: first comes the message and then comes the style. But, aside from passing entrance examinations, why should young people ____27____ at essay writing? On the super-fast information highway of modern life, with video games, social media and vlogs, aren’t essays becoming a relic of the past? In truth, writers these days are likely to starve if they go it alone. Nevertheless, developing writing skills is one of the best ways to ____28____ your future career. Good writing is a reliable record of your intellectual ability, not to mention a ____29____ for presenting your sense of humor, your attitude, and your personality. It is difficult to give a perfect description of what makes a good writer. However, I think good writers love reading good writing. They read books like detective s looking for clues — making notes on the side. While reading, they ask themselves what this author’s message is and how he or she delivers it and catches the reader by surprise. The answer will lead to the inevitable unexpected, ____30____, foreshadowing the conclusion in the beginning. This is a skill that takes years of practice. Whether good writers are made as ____31____ to being born is a classic chicken-and-egg dilemma that will not be resolved here. My guess is that giving priority to passing on a clear message, and developing a unique writing style to drive that message home will go a long way towards a decent piece of work. Practice makes perfect, so what are you waiting for? 【答案】22. K 23. B 24. A 25. E 26. F 27. C 28. G 29. H 30. J 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕写作展开讨论，以马克·吐温的名言引入，阐述了写作中“清晰传达信息是前提”的核心观点，分析了年轻人提升写作技能的意义，以及优秀作家的特质等内容。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他“少即是多”的清晰观点，以一种新颖的方式表达出来，让读者感到意外。空处修饰名词way，需填形容词，结合后文surprises the reader及常理中对“长”与“短”的固有认知被颠覆，形容词novel“新颖的”符合题意。故选K。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：马克·吐温巧妙地颠覆了这一认知，在读者心中产生了一种奇妙的反应。空处修饰动词reverses，需填副词，结合前文马克·吐温的名言用简洁语言传递深刻道理的效果，副词brilliantly“巧妙地；出色地”符合题意。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论是小说还是非小说，优秀的写作风格中都充满了一些天才称之为“必然的意外”的元素。文章整体为一般现在时，空处作谓语，结合语境“将某种元素命名为……”，动词termed“把……称为；命名为”符合题意。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久前，中国著名小说家余华因建议学生熟记精心打磨的句子，以此吸引阅卷老师的注意、提高中高考成绩，而陷入了争议。根据“to capture the teachers’ attention”可知，此处指熟记精心打磨的句子，过去分词crafted和well构成well crafted“精心打磨的”，修饰名词sentences。故选E。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管这一方法有其可取之处，但他却忽略了强调一条写作的核心原则：先立其意，再修其文。空处前为不定式符号to，需填动词原形，根据下文“first comes the message and then comes the style”可知，此处指忽略了强调这一写作的核心原则，动词stress“强调”符合题意。故选F。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是，除了通过入学考试，年轻人为什么还要擅长论文写作呢？空处前为情态动词should，需填动词原形，excel at为固定搭配，意为“擅长；精通”，结合后文对写作是否过时的疑问，此处指“擅长论文写作”，符合语境。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，培养写作技能是推进你未来职业生涯的最佳方式之一。空处前为不定式符号to，需填动词原形，结合语境“写作技能对职业生涯的积极作用”，动词advance“推进；促进”符合题意。故选G。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：优秀写作是你智力能力的可靠证明，更不用说它还是展现你的幽默感、态度和个性的渠道。空处前为不定冠词a，需填名词单数，结合语境“展现自身特质的途径”，名词channel“渠道；途径”符合题意。故选H。 【30题详解】 考查副词短语。句意：答案将指向“必然的意外”，也就是说，在开头为结尾埋下伏笔。空处后内容是对the inevitable unexpected的具体解释，副词namely“即；也就是”用于引出具体说明，符合语境。故选J 【31题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：优秀的作家是后天培养的还是天生的，这是一个经典的先有鸡还是先有蛋的难题，在此不做解答。as opposed to为固定搭配，意为“与……相反；相对于”，结合语境“后天培养 vs 天生”的对比，opposed符合题意。故选D。 Ⅲ. Reading comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was ____32____ by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up,” she told me. “I’m at ____33____ fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ____34____ the outcomes of her life due to her hard work. It’s a sense that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get her ____35____ where she needs to go. I study and write about resilience, and I’m noticing a troubling spike (猛增) in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful. When they ____36____ what they imagine they should accomplish, however, they are crushed by self-blame. We often talk about young adults ____37____ failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most ____38____ in particular: a false ____39____ that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. Psychologists have ____40____ this phenomenon onto a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. Developed by psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has entered classrooms around the world. ____41____, a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar and Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure cooker communities, “it is not a(n) ____42____ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty in ____43____ when they should.” Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t ____44____, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than ____45____ means they’re lazy, that how they perform for others is more important than what actually ____46____ them, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. 32. A. scared of B. put on C. torn apart D. held up 33. A. peak B. intense C. present D. worthwhile 34. A. reverse B. control C. unite D. decline 35. A. exactly B. consistently C. longingly D. coincidentally 36. A. fall short of B. compete with C. amount to D. look forward to 37. A. trampling over B. drawn to C. steeped in D. struggling with 38. A. intelligent B. privileged C. unconventional D. special 39. A. rumour B. promise C. shortcut D. application 40. A. sourced B. stuck C. led D. projected 41. A. Therefore B. Gradually C. However D. Consequently 42. A. account B. approval C. challenge D. lack 43. A. flying open B. going off C. backing off D. catching up 44. A. go their way B. follow the routine C. push the limits D. do them good 45. A. humiliated B. urged C. overwhelmed D. entitled 46. A. awaits B. boosts C. cures D. inspires 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨优秀学生易因努力未达预期而自责的现象，分析其源于错误认知，呼吁反思现有文化，关注学生真正需求。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在周末的一场比赛中出现了几次非受迫性失误后，她被自责折磨得心力交瘁。A. scared of害怕；B. put on穿上，上演；C. torn apart使心力交瘁，撕裂；D. held up举起，耽搁。根据下文“I can’t stop beating myself up”可知，她因自责而痛苦不堪。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我处于最佳体能状态，训练也很刻苦。怎么会发生这种事呢？A. peak巅峰的，最佳的；B. intense强烈的；C. present现在的；D. worthwhile值得的。结合后文“practice hard”及她对失误的困惑，可知她认为自己体能处于最佳状态。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生，和我教过的很多学生一样，认为凭借自己的努力，她应该能够掌控自己生活的结果。A. reverse逆转；B. control控制，掌控；C. unite团结；D. decline下降，拒绝。根据下文“due to her hard work”可知，她认为努力应能让自己掌控结果。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她觉得在图书馆通宵达旦、在运动场上花费数小时，应该能让她准确地到达自己需要去的地方。A. exactly准确地，恰好；B. consistently一贯地；C. longingly渴望地；D. coincidentally巧合地。结合前文“It’s a sense that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field ”她对掌控结果的认知，此处指努力应能让她精准达成目标。故选A。 【36题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当他们未能达到自己想象中应该完成的目标时，就会被自责击垮。A. fall short of未达到，不足；B. compete with与……竞争；C. amount to总计，相当于；D. look forward to期待。根据前文“When they win, they feel powerful”及后文“they are crushed by self-blame”可知，此处与“成功”相对，指未达到目标，fall short of 符合语境。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们经常谈论年轻人在面对失败时挣扎，因为他们的父母保护他们免受不适。A. trampling over践踏；B. drawn to被……吸引；C. steeped in沉浸于；D. struggling with与……抗争，挣扎。结合下文“their parents have protected them from discomfort”可知，年轻人缺乏面对不适的经验，所以失败时会挣扎。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在那些最享有特权的人当中，还有另一种因素在起作用：一种错误的认知，即只要愿意努力，就能实现任何目标。A. intelligent聪明的；B. privileged享有特权的，优越的；C. unconventional非传统的；D. special特别的。结合后文“teens in wealthy, pressure cooker communities”可知，此处特指那些家境优越、享有特权的年轻人。故选B。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在那些最享有特权人当中，还有另一种因素在起作用：一种错误的承诺，即只要愿意努力，就能实现任何目标。A. rumour谣言；B. promise承诺；C. shortcut捷径；D. application应用。结合下文“that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it”可知，这是一种错误的承诺。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将这种现象回归于“心态”研究的误用——该研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩。A. sourced溯源；B. stuck卡住；C. led带领；D. projected投射。根据下文“onto a misapplication of ‘mind-set’ research”可知，此处指将现象归因于研究误用，source... onto... 意为“将……溯源于……”，符合语境。故选A。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，2018 年的一项分析发现，虽然表扬努力而非能力可能对高风险或经济困难的学生有益，但这并不一定对每个人都有帮助。A. Therefore因此；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. However然而；D. Consequently结果。前文提及心态教育进入全球课堂，后文指出其并非对所有人有益，存在转折关系，However 符合语境。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于缺乏动力和毅力。A. account账户，描述；B. approval批准，认可；C. challenge挑战；D. lack缺乏。根据后文“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism” 可知，此处指不是缺乏动力和毅力，lack符合语境。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，问题在于不健康的完美主义，以及不知道何时该退缩的困难。A. flying open敞开；B. going off离开，爆炸；C. backing off退缩，放弃；D. catching up赶上。结合上文“unhealthy perfectionism”可知，完美主义者难以在该退缩时退缩，backing off 符合语境。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当事情不顺心时，我们不应该让孩子自责，而应该质疑这样一种文化——这种文化教导他们，没有感到十足的压迫感就意味着懒惰，向他人展示的表现比真正激励他们的东西更重要，上哪所大学比成为什么样的人更重要。A. go their way顺利进行，按某人的意愿发展；B. follow the routine按惯例行事；C. push the limits挑战极限；D. do them good对他们有益。结合前文学生因未达预期而自责的情况，此处指事情不顺心时，go their way符合语境。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当事情不顺心时，我们不应该让孩子自责，而应该质疑这样一种文化——这种文化教导他们，没有感到十足的压迫感就意味着懒惰，向他人展示的表现比真正激励他们的东西更重要，上哪所大学比成为什么样的人更重要。A. humiliated羞辱的；B. urged急切的；C. overwhelmed不知所措的；D. entitled有资格的，有优越感的。结合下文“means they’re lazy”可知，此处指这种文化错误地认为，没有紧张压迫感就是懒惰，overwhelmed符合语境。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当事情不顺心时，我们不应该让孩子自责，而应该质疑这样一种文化——这种文化教导他们，没有感到十足的压迫感就意味着懒惰，向他人展示的表现比真正激励他们的东西更重要，上哪所大学比成为什么样的人更重要。A. awaits等待；B. boosts促进；C. cures治愈；D. inspires激励，鼓舞。结合前文对错误文化的批判，此处指真正激励自己的东西。故选D。 Section B (15%) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) From The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed the fence, and all gladness left him. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden. He began to whitewash. Soon he gave up. It was impossible. He sat down, discouraged. He remembered a planned swimming party and wept. The other boys would be free to play while he worked. He took out his worldly wealth and examined it — bits of toys, marbles, and trash; enough to buy maybe half an hour of pure freedom. He put his treasure back. At this dark and hopeless moment an inspiration burst upon him! Nothing less than a great, magnificent idea. He took up his brush and went to work. Soon Ben Rogers came in sight. He would probably make fun of him, which was exactly what Tom dreaded. “Got to work, hey?” said Ben. Tom wheeled suddenly, painting a masterly stroke. “Why, it’s you, Ben! I wasn’t noticing.” “I’m going swimming, I am. Don’t you wish you could? But of course you’d rather work — wouldn’t you?” Tom examined the boy up and down. “What do you call work?” “Why, isn’t that work?” Tom went on with his whitewashing, and answered carelessly, “Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.” “Oh come, now, you don’t mean to let on that you like it?” The brush continued. “Like it? Well, I don’t see why I oughtn’t to like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?” That put the thing in a new light. Ben stopped nibbling his apple. He watched Tom’s artistic sweeps, then, with growing interest, began to wish he could try. Soon, he was bargaining for a turn, offering Tom the core of his apple. And Tom, with reluctance, let him take the brush. 47. What is Tom Sawyer’s initial feeling when he looks at the fence? A. Calm acceptance of his responsibility. B. Eager excitement to start a new project. C. Deep despair and a sense of heavy burden. D. Anger to the one who gave the punishment. 48. What marks the major turning point in this excerpt’s plot? A. Ben Rogers arriving in sight. B. Tom beginning to whitewash. C. Tom weeping about the swimming party. D. Tom having his “great, magnificent idea”. 49. Based on this episode of the novel, Tom is ________. A. a perceptive reader of people B. a hardworking and honest boy C. a lonely and depressed outsider D. an intelligent and charming leader 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是是一篇记叙文。文章是马克・吐温《汤姆・索亚历险记》选段，文章讲述了汤姆被迫刷栅栏满心绝望，突生妙计，假意将刷栅栏当作趣事，让本主动替自己干活。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“He surveyed the fence, and all gladness left him. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.(他审视着那道栅栏，心中所有的喜悦顿时消失殆尽。这是一道长达三十码、高九英尺的木制栅栏。对他而言，生活似乎变得毫无意义，而生存也只是一种沉重的负担)”可知，汤姆看到栅栏时内心充满深深的绝望，还感到沉重的负担。故选C项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“At this dark and hopeless moment, an inspiration burst upon him! Nothing less than a great, magnificent idea.(就在这黑暗而绝望的时刻，他突然灵光一闪！这是一个绝妙至极的主意)”且此后汤姆改变心态，用计谋让本主动替自己刷栅栏，可知这个绝妙的主意是情节的重大转折点。故选D项。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中汤姆看出本会嘲笑自己，便故意装作刷栅栏是难得的趣事，让本心生羡慕并主动要求替自己干活的情节，尤其是“Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?(一个男孩能有机会天天刷栅栏吗？)”这句话，能看出汤姆善于揣摩他人心理。由此推知，汤姆是一个能洞察人心的孩子。故选A项。 (B) Subtitles The miracle of life is not just about the moment one walks out of the ICU, but about how one chooses to live afterwards. Personal encounters with death are being translated into public resources, used by doctors to guard other patients. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a vital component of the modern healthcare ecosystem, managing cases where the margin for error is nonexistent. Since its formal establishment as a clinical specialty in 2008, critical care medicine in China has undergone a rapid professional transformation. Moving beyond the mere adoption of advanced technology, the field has matured into an era of multidisciplinary integration and international exchange. This documentary provides an inside look at the ICU at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and West China Hospital of Sichuan University. It demonstrates the operational logic behind high-acuity interventions, such as the logistics of long-distance ECMO air transport. These cases highlight a shift from reactive emergency response toward a model of proactive, precision-based management, illustrating how evidence-based medicine and rapid- response mechanisms function under pressure to stabilize patients in critical condition. However, clinical outcomes are only one aspect of the narrative. The documentary ventures beyond the sterile monitors to examine the profound human connections formed within the ward. Through the eyes of a former patient who has returned to the hospital as a volunteer, the film explores a “cycle of life” — a phenomenon where the traditional boundaries between caregiver and patient blur into a shared journey of recovery. Featuring dialogues with department heads Dr Huang Man and Dr Kang Yan, alongside specialists from the Mayo Clinic and Duke University, the documentary situates China’s ICU practices within a global context. These discussions trace the discipline’s evolution and the ongoing efforts to refine a “Chinese approach” to critical care — one that is as much about technical precision as it is about the enduring trust between doctor and patient. 50. What do the subtitles from the documentary probably aim to prove? A. China’s ICU care has quickly become more professional. B. How medical teams use evidence and quick action in emergencies. C. The deep human bonds formed in and beyond medical settings. D. China’s ICU work fits into global medicine. 51 What technological advancements has the Affiliated Hospital case demonstrated in Chinese ICUs? A. Their operations have become more logical. B. Air can be transported from afar to treat patients. C. They may predict emergencies and stop them from getting worse. D. Increased pressure has required them to become more evidence- based. 52. Which of the following is most likely to be title of the documentary mentioned? A. Development of ICUs B. Working mechanism of ICUs C. How the ICU connects people D. Stories from the ICU 【答案】50. C 51. C 52. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部关于中国重症监护室（ICU）的纪录片，展现了中国重症医学的专业发展、技术应用，以及病房内医患之间深厚的人文联结，并将中国ICU实践置于全球背景下进行探讨。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据纪录片的字幕“The miracle of life is not just about the moment one walks out of the ICU, but about how one chooses to live afterwards.(生命的奇迹不仅在于走出重症监护室的那一刻，更在于之后选择如何生活)”和“Personal encounters with death are being translated into public resources, used by doctors to guard other patients.(个人与死亡的遭遇正转化为公共资源，被医生用于守护其他患者)”可知，第一句字幕聚焦生命走出ICU后的延续与生活选择，体现人文关怀；第二句字幕体现患者的个人经历转化为守护他人的资源，暗含医患及患者之间的联结，由此推断字幕旨在证明医疗场景内外形成的深厚人文联结。故选C项。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This documentary provides an inside look at the ICU at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and West China Hospital of Sichuan University. It demonstrates the operational logic behind high-acuity interventions, such as the logistics of long-distance ECMO air transport. These cases highlight a shift from reactive emergency response toward a model of proactive, precision- based management, illustrating how evidence-based medicine and rapid- response mechanisms function under pressure to stabilize patients in critical condition.(这部纪录片深入展示了浙江大学医学院附属第二医院和四川大学华西医院的重症监护室。它展现了高危重症干预措施背后的运作逻辑，例如长途ECMO空中运输的后勤保障。这些案例凸显了从被动应急响应向主动、精准化管理模式的转变，阐明了循证医学和快速响应机制如何在压力下发挥作用，以稳定危重病人的病情)”可知，附属医院的案例展示了中国ICU从被动应对向主动预防、精准管理的转变，即能够预判紧急情况并阻止其恶化。故选C项。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，纪录片不仅展现了中国ICU的专业发展（如rapid professional transformation、multidisciplinary integration）、技术应用（如long-distance ECMO air transport、evidence-based medicine），更核心的是通过案例和人物视角，展现了ICU内医患之间的人文联结（如profound human connections、the enduring trust between doctor and patient、cycle of life），整体围绕ICU内的各类故事展开，既有专业层面的内容，也有人文层面的情感与联结。选项D“来自ICU的故事”能够涵盖纪录片的所有核心内容，既包括专业发展、技术应用的故事，也包括医患人文联结的故事，符合主旨。故选D项。 (C) Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16- year- olds and one in four 17-19- year- olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively. As 48% of those with a mental health condition first experience relevant symptoms before the age of 18, this increased mental health burden will negatively impact society and the economy, as well as adolescent and adult life. Many have raised concerns that this trend has been caused, at least in part, by increased adolescent social media use, which has revolutionized how adolescents live, learn and interact:93% of 12-17-year-olds now report having a social media profile. To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…” ) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups. However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity. 53. According to the first paragraph, what has happened to adolescents in the last years? A. There’s an increase in their mental health condition. B. 15% more 17-19-year-olds have mental issues. C. 48% of them have mental health problems. D. Their mental condition has burdened society. 54. The second paragraph is mainly organized by ________ A. comparing historical and modern investigations focusing on social media use. B. presenting the research response to the concerns and its typical findings. C. listing the contributors of teenagers’ declining mental health. D. criticizing the methodologies of certain academic studies. 55. Which of the following is NOT employed by researchers intending to find the link between social media use and its impact on teenagers? A. Gender is counted as a factor. B. Various mental troubles are considered. C. The adolescent samples cover different sectors. D. The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account. 56. It can be inferred from the text that future high-quality research on this topic should prioritize ________ A. ignoring individual differences like age and gender. B. establishing clearer causal links, not just correlations. C. covering a larger sample crossing geographical borders. D. focusing only on a limited number of mental problems. 【答案】53. A 54. B 55. D 56. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕青少年心理健康状况下降这一现象展开，介绍了社交媒体使用与青少年心理健康之间的关联研究，包括相关担忧、研究发现以及学界对研究结论的争议。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16-year-olds and one in four 17-19-year-olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively.(过去十年间，全球青少年的心理健康状况有所下降。英国最新数据显示，6分之一的7-16岁青少年和4分之一的17-19岁青少年可能存在心理健康问题，相比2017年分别记录的9分之一和10分之一，有明显上升)”可知，近年来青少年中存在心理健康问题的人数有所增加。故选A项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…”) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups.(为应对这些担忧，近年来有关社交媒体使用与青少年心理健康的学术研究已大幅增加。研究团队从中小学、高校中，或是从范围更广的社区样本里选取青少年作为研究对象，旨在探究智能手机及社交媒体使用时间的增加，与抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调等各类心理健康症状的问卷得分之间存在的横向和纵向关联。这些研究大多发现二者存在微弱的正相关关系。部分研究者据此认为，社交媒体的使用与青少年心理健康状况的下滑之间存在因果联系（即 “屏幕使用时间，尤其是社交媒体使用时间，对少女心理健康产生的影响可能大于少男，而我们的研究也确实发现，社交媒体使用与抑郁症状之间存在显著的相关性……”）。这类观点进而被用来呼吁出台限制性政策法规，对青少年群体的智能手机和社交媒体使用行为加以约束。)”可知，该段首先提出“为应对担忧开展研究”，接着介绍研究的对象、目的、主要发现，最后说明研究发现带来的观点和政策呼吁，整体是“提出研究回应担忧—介绍研究情况—呈现研究发现及影响”的逻辑。故选B项。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples(研究团队招募了学校、大学以及更广泛的社区样本中的青少年群体)”可知，样本涵盖不同领域，C项“青少年样本涵盖不同领域”被采用；根据“identify cross-sectional and longitudinal links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms(确定智能手机或社交媒体使用增加与抑郁、焦虑、饮食失调和其他心理健康症状问卷得分之间的横向和纵向关联)”可知，考虑了多种心理问题，B项“各种心理问题被考虑在内”被采用；根据第三段中的“disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity(在如何处理存在的重大个体差异方面存在分歧，这些差异与年龄、性别和种族等因素有关)”可知，性别是被考虑的因素之一，A项“性别被视为一个因素”被采用；选项D“The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account.(青少年的学业成绩被考虑在内)”未提及，该项未被采用。故选D项。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity.(然而，许多研究人员也对现有证据体系的可信度提出了质疑，并强调现有研究无法证实社交媒体的使用与心理健康之间存在因果关联。事实上，相关文献中存在诸多相互矛盾的研究结果。研究人员不仅针对目前缺乏纵向研究证据和因果关系证据的问题展开了争论，对于如何处理研究中存在的显著个体差异也存在分歧，而这些个体差异与年龄、性别、种族等因素相关)”可知，当前研究的核心问题是“缺乏明确的因果证据”，仅存在相关性，且结果矛盾。由此可推断，未来高质量的研究应优先解决这一问题，即建立更清晰的因果联系，而非仅停留在相关性层面。故选B项。 Section C (6%) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then choose the sentences that can be filled into the blanks. Note there are two more sentences than can be used. Why some people keep making the same bad decisions People constantly take in information from their surroundings, including visual details and background sounds. Over time, the brain learns to connect these cues with what usually happens next. For example, a familiar sign, sound, or setting can signal whether a choice is likely to lead to a reward or a negative outcome. This process is known as associative learning, which simply means learning through repeated connections between cues and results. In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. ____57____ For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. Instead of serving as helpful guides, cues may start to dominate decision making. Individuals may feel pulled toward certain sights or sounds or strongly driven to avoid them, even when doing so leads to poor outcomes. To better understand how this happens, Giuseppe di Pellegrino of the University of Bologna led a study focused on how people learn from cues and how this learning can sometimes go wrong. The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. ____58____ The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. ____59____ They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. In practical terms, this means the brain keeps responding as if nothing has changed, even when the situation clearly has. As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. ____60____ A. This learning can sometimes lead people off the beaten track. B. Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. C. However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. D. They fail to sense the changes in themselves. E. When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. F. Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. 【答案】57. C 58. B 59. E 60. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍联想学习对决策的作用，部分人受环境线索影响过深致决策失误，及相关研究发现与结果。 【57题详解】 根据上文“In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. (在日常生活中，这种学习有助于人们更快、通常也更好地做出决策。)”以及下文“For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. (对于有强迫症、成瘾症或焦虑症的人来说，这些习得的联想可能会变得过于强烈。)” 可知，此处应体现转折，说明这种学习并非对所有人都同样有效，C选项“However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. 然而，这个系统对每个人的作用方式并不相同。)”中的this system指代上文的联想学习机制，既呼应上文的积极作用，又引出下文的特殊情况，符合语境。故选C项。 【58题详解】 根据上文“The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. (该研究调查了适应性不良决策，即尽管反复出现负面后果，仍持续造成伤害或不利的选择。正如他们在《JNeurosci》期刊上所描述的，研究人员发现，人们在做决策时对环境线索的依赖程度差异很大。)”可知，此处应具体说明这种差异，B选项“Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. (有些人严重依赖周围的视觉和声音来指导自己的选择，而另一些人则依赖程度低得多。)”直接呼应上文的differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues，符合语境。故选B项。 【59题详解】 根据上文“The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. (该研究还揭示了一个对于那些高度受线索驱动的人的重要问题。)”以及下文“They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. (他们可能难以更新对这些线索含义的认知，也难以忘却那些不再适用的旧联想。)”可知，此处应说明高度受线索驱动的人面临的具体问题，E选项“When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. (当熟悉的线索开始预示更危险或更不利的结果时，这些人往往难以调整。)”中的these individuals指代上文的those who are highly cue driven，struggle to adjust与下文的 have difficulty updating their beliefs相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【60题详解】 根据上文“As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. (因此，不利的决策会随着时间的推移而持续存在。)”可知，此处应说明不利决策持续存在的具体表现，F选项“Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. (人们可能不会适应新信息，而是一再重复同样的危险或有害选择。)”承接上文disadvantageous decision making can persist，且与文章标题Why some people keep making the same bad decisions相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅰ. Translation (19%:3+3+4+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 那肯定不会简单，但是每一个人都在这共同的奋斗中团结起来了。（课文默写句）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It will definitely not be easy, but everyone has united in this common struggle. 【解析】 【详解】考查并列句和介词短语。根据汉语提示，表示“那肯定不会简单”用it will definitely not be easy，it指代上文提到的某件事；表示“但是”用but，连接两个转折关系的并列分句；表示“每一个人”用everyone；表示“团结起来”用unite，陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；表示“在这共同的奋斗中”用in this common struggle。故翻译为It will definitely not be easy, but everyone has united in this common struggle. 62. 老师的话让我相信，努力终将是值得的。（convince）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The teacher’s words convinced me that effort will eventually be worthwhile. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。主语“老师的话”用the teacher’s words；表示“让我相信……”用convince me that...，that引导宾语，convince发生在过去，用一般过去时；表示“努力”用effort，“值得的”用be worthwhile，宾语从句指未来终会发生的事情，用一般将来时。故翻译为The teacher’s words convinced me that effort will eventually be worthwhile. 63. 尽管土地贫瘠、资源有限，他们还是想尽办法活了下来。(means) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although / Though the land was barren and resources were limited, they still tried every means to survive. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“尽管土地贫瘠、资源有限”处理为although/though引导的让步状语从句；表示“土地贫瘠”用the land was barren；表示“资源有限”用resources were limited，与“土地贫瘠”并列，用and连接两个主谓结构；表示“他们”用they；表示“想尽办法做某事”用tried every means to do sth.；表示“活了下来”用survive。故翻译为Although / Though the land was barren and resources were limited, they still tried every means to survive. 64. 等火车时，他玩着手机里几个简单的小游戏来自娱自乐，打发时间。（amuse）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】While waiting for the train, he played a few simple games on his phone to amuse himself and kill time. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和并列谓语。根据汉语提示，表示“等火车”用wait for the train，“等火车时”可处理为while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，即while waiting for the train；表示“他玩着手机里几个简单的小游戏”用he played a few simple games on his phone；表示“自娱自乐”用amuse himself，表示“打发时间”用kill time，“自娱自乐”和“打发时间”都是目的状语，用不定式，故翻译为While waiting for the train, he played a few simple games on his phone to amuse himself and kill time. 65. 适当经历挫折有益于孩子的成长，但当他们面对真正的困难时，不应让其完全独自应对。(exposure) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Proper exposure to setbacks is beneficial to children’s growth, but when they are faced with real difficulties, they should not be left to cope with them completely alone. 【解析】 【详解】考查并列句和状语从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；表示“适当经历挫折”用proper exposure to setbacks；表示“有益于孩子的成长”用is beneficial to children’s growth；表示“但”用but，连接两个并列分句；“当他们面对真正的困难时”处理为when引导的时间状语从句，“面临”表达为be faced with，“真正的困难”表达为real difficulties，主语they（指代children）是复数，be用are；“应对”用cope with，表示“不应让其完全独自应对”用they should not be left to cope with them completely alone。故翻译为Proper exposure to setbacks is beneficial to children’s growth, but when they are faced with real difficulties, they should not be left to cope with them completely alone. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市延安中学2025学年第一学期期末考试 高二年级 英语试卷 （考试时间：90分钟 满分100分） Ⅰ. Listening comprehension Section A (5%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a factory. B. In a hotel room. C. At a reception desk. D. In a classroom. 2. A.10 minutes. B.20 minutes. C.30 minutes. D.40 minutes. 3. A. Good weather. B. Heavy traffic. C. Getting up early. D. Their plan tomorrow. 4. A. She doesn’t like eating the cake. B. She is trying to buy some cake. C. She is leaving to take a flight. D. She is going on a diet now. 5. A. Nervous. B. Relaxed. C. Confident. D. Fine. 6. A. She didn’t hear about John being fired. B. She is surprised that John was dismissed. C. It’s not wise of John’s boss to dismiss him. D. John is certain to be fired sooner or later. 7. A. To write a letter. B. To look for the pen. C. To help her. D. To paint the bookshelf. 8. A. The game was not at all wonderful. B. The guest team was not strong. C. Their team was actually very bad. D. The No.5 player missed the basket too often. 9. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices. C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there. D The man is having trouble deciding what to eat. 10. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer. C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again. Section B (10%) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. At university. B. During his army service. C. Working in the power station. D. Trying to start his own business. 12. A. His company. B. His parents. C. Some businessmen. D. American companies. 13. A. John Baird died of illness and overwork B. TV was not yet popular in the mid-1930s. C. The BBC did not stop its TV service in World War Ⅱ. D. Americans gave John Baird more support than British businessmen. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The six- day rain. B. A raging river. C. A rescue helicopter. D. A life- saving cow. 15. A. She found a fallen tree trunk on her farm. B. She fainted for a while after her fall. C. She waited for rescue until midnight. D. She brought Lizzie to the school gym. 16. A. She was left behind the herd because she was too old. B. She liked licking people’s faces because she was the favorite. C. She saved Nancy’s life by helping her find a small “island” D. She left the island later and was rescued by the Red Cross. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To inquire about a famous physicist. B. To ring back to report his findings. C. To ask for information about the library. D. To take notes with a pencil and paper. 18. A. Darlington. B. New York/ C. Manchester. D. London. 19. A. The method of refrigeration from low temperature physics B. His and his wife’s work on very high frequency radio waves. C. His findings about normal laws of cause and effect. D. The 244 inventions he had patented throughout his life. 20. A. She used to be a student at the University of London. B. She worked with Dennis Hutton on all his achievements. C. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics twice D. She stayed in New York for only three weeks. Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Few Minutes of Brisk (快速的) Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block ... What if you ____1____ look at all the things you do daily and know which ones best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to answer that question by ____2____ (tie) activity monitors to the legs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and tracking their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined ____3____ participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities — as little as six to nine minutes —____4____ (compare) with sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had ____5____ (high), cognition (认知) scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is typically defined as brisk walking or cycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement ____6____ (range) from jogging swimming to biking up a hill, basically any activity ____7____ is able to boost your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day led to improvements in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of such activity had its biggest impact on executive processes ____8____ ____9____ planning and organization. The cognitive improvement was modest, but as additional time ____10____ (spend) doing the more energetic workout the benefits grew, Mitchell said. “Given we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over many years, this may be simply ____11____ those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “However, yes, it could also imply that even minimal changes to our daily lives can have downstream consequences for our cognition.” Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A. thrive B. collective C. compatible D. artifact E. drown F. fulfilling G. crowding H. dyeing I. profound J. workaround K. sensational 12. She found the most ________ part of her career was mentoring young, passionate artisans. 13. Creative minds ________ in environments that value inquiry over simple, routine answers. 14. The ________ news story caused a stir, but after a few days everyone forgot about it. 15. Our class’s ________ efforts in the charity drive raised a significant amount of money for the local community. 16. Facing a software bug, the programmer devised a clever ________ to complete the task on time. 17. In the art class, we learned a creative method of ________ fabrics with different patterns. 18. The museum’s most precious ________ is a beautifully preserved vase from the Ming Dynasty. 19. The documentary about the universe left a ________ impression on me, changing how I see our place in the cosmos. 20. Thoughts about the upcoming exam are ________ in, making it hard to focus on anything else at the moment. 21. She turned up the radio to ________ out the noise from next door. Section C (10%) Directions: Complete the article with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A. termed B. brilliantly C. excel D. opposed E. crafted F. stress G. advance H. channel I. perform J. namely K. novel The Incredible Unexpected “I’m sorry I wrote such a long letter; I didn’t have time to write a short one.” This quote by Mark Twain is one of my favorites. His clear message of “less is more” is expressed in a ____22____ way that surprises the reader. We normally associate “long” with “hard” and “short” with “easy.” Mark Twain ____23____ reverses this to create a chemical reaction in the mind of the reader. A good writing style, whether fiction or non-fiction, is filled with what some genius ____24____ “the inevitable unexpected.” But having a clear message is the precondition. Not long ago, prominent Chinese novelist Yu Hua got himself into hot water for recommending that students memorize sentences well ____25____ to capture the teachers’ attention and improve their scores on the zhongkao and gaokao. While this strategy has its merits, he neglected to ____26____ one essential writing rule: first comes the message and then comes the style. But, aside from passing entrance examinations, why should young people ____27____ at essay writing? On the super-fast information highway of modern life, with video games, social media and vlogs, aren’t essays becoming a relic of the past? In truth, writers these days are likely to starve if they go it alone. Nevertheless, developing writing skills is one of the best ways to ____28____ your future career. Good writing is a reliable record of your intellectual ability, not to mention a ____29____ for presenting your sense of humor, your attitude, and your personality. It is difficult to give a perfect description of what makes a good writer. However, I think good writers love reading good writing. They read books like detective s looking for clues — making notes on the side. While reading, they ask themselves what this author’s message is and how he or she delivers it and catches the reader by surprise. The answer will lead to the inevitable unexpected, ____30____, foreshadowing the conclusion in the beginning. This is a skill that takes years of practice. Whether good writers are made as ____31____ to being born is a classic chicken-and-egg dilemma that will not be resolved here. My guess is that giving priority to passing on a clear message, and developing a unique writing style to drive that message home will go a long way towards a decent piece of work. Practice makes perfect, so what are you waiting for? Ⅲ. Reading comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was ____32____ by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up,” she told me. “I’m at ____33____ fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ____34____ the outcomes of her life due to her hard work. It’s a sense that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get her ____35____ where she needs to go. I study and write about resilience, and I’m noticing a troubling spike (猛增) in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful. When they ____36____ what they imagine they should accomplish, however, they are crushed by self-blame. We often talk about young adults ____37____ failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most ____38____ in particular: a false ____39____ that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. Psychologists have ____40____ this phenomenon onto a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. Developed by psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has entered classrooms around the world. ____41____, a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar and Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure cooker communities, “it is not a(n) ____42____ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty in ____43____ when they should.” Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t ____44____, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than ____45____ means they’re lazy, that how they perform for others is more important than what actually ____46____ them, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. 32. A. scared of B. put on C. torn apart D. held up 33. A. peak B. intense C. present D. worthwhile 34 A. reverse B. control C. unite D. decline 35. A. exactly B. consistently C. longingly D. coincidentally 36. A. fall short of B. compete with C. amount to D. look forward to 37. A. trampling over B. drawn to C. steeped in D. struggling with 38. A. intelligent B. privileged C. unconventional D. special 39. A. rumour B. promise C. shortcut D. application 40. A. sourced B. stuck C. led D. projected 41. A. Therefore B. Gradually C. However D. Consequently 42. A. account B. approval C. challenge D. lack 43. A. flying open B. going off C. backing off D. catching up 44. A. go their way B. follow the routine C. push the limits D. do them good 45. A. humiliated B. urged C. overwhelmed D. entitled 46. A. awaits B. boosts C. cures D. inspires Section B (15%) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) From The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed the fence, and all gladness left him. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden. He began to whitewash. Soon he gave up. It was impossible. He sat down discouraged. He remembered a planned swimming party and wept. The other boys would be free to play while he worked. He took out his worldly wealth and examined it — bits of toys, marbles, and trash; enough to buy maybe half an hour of pure freedom. He put his treasure back. At this dark and hopeless moment, an inspiration burst upon him! Nothing less than a great, magnificent idea. He took up his brush and went to work. Soon Ben Rogers came in sight. He would probably make fun of him, which was exactly what Tom dreaded. “Got to work, hey?” said Ben. Tom wheeled suddenly, painting a masterly stroke. “Why, it’s you, Ben! I wasn’t noticing.” “I’m going swimming, I am. Don’t you wish you could? But of course you’d rather work — wouldn’t you?” Tom examined the boy up and down. “What do you call work?” “Why, isn’t that work?” Tom went on with his whitewashing, and answered carelessly, “Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.” “Oh come, now, you don’t mean to let on that you like it?” The brush continued. “Like it? Well, I don’t see why I oughtn’t to like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?” That put the thing in a new light. Ben stopped nibbling his apple. He watched Tom’s artistic sweeps, then, with growing interest, began to wish he could try. Soon, he was bargaining for a turn, offering Tom the core of his apple. And Tom, with reluctance, let him take the brush. 47. What is Tom Sawyer’s initial feeling when he looks at the fence? A. Calm acceptance of his responsibility. B. Eager excitement to start a new project. C. Deep despair and a sense of heavy burden. D. Anger to the one who gave the punishment. 48. What marks the major turning point in this excerpt’s plot? A. Ben Rogers arriving in sight. B. Tom beginning to whitewash. C. Tom weeping about the swimming party. D. Tom having his “great, magnificent idea”. 49. Based on this episode of the novel, Tom is ________. A. a perceptive reader of people B. a hardworking and honest boy C. a lonely and depressed outsider D. an intelligent and charming leader (B) Subtitles The miracle of life is not just about the moment one walks out of the ICU but about how one chooses to live afterwards. Personal encounters with death are being translated into public resources, used by doctors to guard other patients. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a vital component of the modern healthcare ecosystem, managing cases where the margin for error is nonexistent. Since its formal establishment as a clinical specialty in 2008, critical care medicine in China has undergone a rapid professional transformation. Moving beyond the mere adoption of advanced technology, the field has matured into an era of multidisciplinary integration and international exchange. This documentary provides an inside look at the ICU at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and West China Hospital of Sichuan University. It demonstrates the operational logic behind high-acuity interventions, such as the logistics of long-distance ECMO air transport. These cases highlight a shift from reactive emergency response toward a model of proactive, precision-based management, illustrating how evidence-based medicine and rapid- response mechanisms function under pressure to stabilize patients in critical condition. However, clinical outcomes are only one aspect of the narrative. The documentary ventures beyond the sterile monitors to examine the profound human connections formed within the ward. Through the eyes of a former patient who has returned to the hospital as a volunteer, the film explores a “cycle of life” — a phenomenon where the traditional boundaries between caregiver and patient blur into a shared journey of recovery. Featuring dialogues with department heads Dr Huang Man and Dr Kang Yan, alongside specialists from the Mayo Clinic and Duke University, the documentary situates China’s ICU practices within a global context. These discussions trace the discipline’s evolution and the ongoing efforts to refine a “Chinese approach” to critical care — one that is as much about technical precision as it is about the enduring trust between doctor and patient. 50. What do the subtitles from the documentary probably aim to prove? A. China’s ICU care has quickly become more professional. B. How medical teams use evidence and quick action in emergencies. C. The deep human bonds formed in and beyond medical settings. D. China’s ICU work fits into global medicine. 51. What technological advancements has the Affiliated Hospital case demonstrated in Chinese ICUs? A. Their operations have become more logical. B. Air can be transported from afar to treat patients. C. They may predict emergencies and stop them from getting worse. D. Increased pressure has required them to become more evidence- based. 52. Which of the following is most likely to be title of the documentary mentioned? A. Development of ICUs B. Working mechanism of ICUs C. How the ICU connects people D. Stories from the ICU (C) Adolescents around the world have experienced a decline in their mental health over the past decade. Recent UK data suggests that one in six 7-16- year- olds and one in four 17-19- year- olds have a probable mental health condition, a clear rise from the one in nine and one in ten recorded in 2017, respectively. As 48% of those with a mental health condition first experience relevant symptoms before the age of 18, this increased mental health burden will negatively impact society and the economy, as well as adolescent and adult life. Many have raised concerns that this trend has been caused, at least in part, by increased adolescent social media use, which has revolutionized how adolescents live, learn and interact:93% of 12-17-year-olds now report having a social media profile. To address these concerns, academic investigation of social media use and adolescent mental health has increased substantially in recent years. Research teams have recruited adolescent populations in schools, universities or as part of broader community-based samples to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal (纵向的) links between increased smartphone or social media use and scores on questionnaires of depression, anxiety, disordered eating and other mental health symptoms. These studies have primarily found small positive associations. Some researchers have used these to argue that there exists a causal link between social media use and mental health declines (that is, “screen time, perhaps especially social media, may have larger effects on adolescent girls’ mental health than on boys’ and that is indeed what we found, with social media significantly correlated with depressive symptoms…” ) Such arguments, in turn, have been used to call for restrictive policy regulations to limit smartphone and social media use in adolescent age groups. However, many researchers have also questioned the strength of the current evidence base and highlighted that existing studies do not support the idea that there is a causal relationship linking social media use to mental health. Indeed, the literature provides many conflicting results. Researchers have not only debated about a lack of longitudinal or causal evidence, but have also disagreed about how to deal with the substantial individual differences present, which have been linked to factors such as age, gender and ethnicity. 53. According to the first paragraph, what has happened to adolescents in the last years? A There’s an increase in their mental health condition. B. 15% more 17-19-year-olds have mental issues. C. 48% of them have mental health problems. D. Their mental condition has burdened society. 54. The second paragraph is mainly organized by ________ A. comparing historical and modern investigations focusing on social media use. B. presenting the research response to the concerns and its typical findings. C. listing the contributors of teenagers’ declining mental health. D. criticizing the methodologies of certain academic studies. 55. Which of the following is NOT employed by researchers intending to find the link between social media use and its impact on teenagers? A. Gender is counted as a factor. B. Various mental troubles are considered. C. The adolescent samples cover different sectors. D. The teenagers’ academic scores are taken into account. 56. It can be inferred from the text that future high-quality research on this topic should prioritize ________ A. ignoring individual differences like age and gender. B. establishing clearer causal links, not just correlations. C. covering a larger sample crossing geographical borders. D. focusing only on a limited number of mental problems. Section C (6%) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then choose the sentences that can be filled into the blanks. Note there are two more sentences than can be used. Why some people keep making the same bad decisions People constantly take in information from their surroundings, including visual details and background sounds. Over time, the brain learns to connect these cues with what usually happens next. For example, a familiar sign, sound, or setting can signal whether a choice is likely to lead to a reward or a negative outcome. This process is known as associative learning, which simply means learning through repeated connections between cues and results. In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. ____57____ For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. Instead of serving as helpful guides, cues may start to dominate decision making. Individuals may feel pulled toward certain sights or sounds or strongly driven to avoid them, even when doing so leads to poor outcomes. To better understand how this happens, Giuseppe di Pellegrino of the University of Bologna led a study focused on how people learn from cues and how this learning can sometimes go wrong. The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. ____58____ The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. ____59____ They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. In practical terms, this means the brain keeps responding as if nothing has changed, even when the situation clearly has. As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. ____60____ A. This learning can sometimes lead people off the beaten track. B. Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. C. However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. D. They fail to sense the changes in themselves. E. When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. F. Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅰ. Translation (19%:3+3+4+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 那肯定不会简单，但是每一个人都在这共同的奋斗中团结起来了。（课文默写句）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 62. 老师的话让我相信，努力终将是值得的。（convince）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 63. 尽管土地贫瘠、资源有限，他们还是想尽办法活了下来。(means) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 64. 等火车时，他玩着手机里几个简单的小游戏来自娱自乐，打发时间。（amuse）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 65. 适当经历挫折有益于孩子的成长，但当他们面对真正的困难时，不应让其完全独自应对。(exposure) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $