第03讲 动词分类和动词短语(复习讲义)(新疆专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026-01-28
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资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 动词短语,动词
使用场景 中考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 新疆维吾尔自治区
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 786 KB
发布时间 2026-01-28
更新时间 2026-03-05
作者 东北老师
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-01-28
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56189348.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语讲义聚焦“动词分类和动词短语”中考核心专题,覆盖实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词及动词短语五大考点,按“考情剖析-考点突破-题型通关-优题精选”系统架构,通过表格对比、真题示例梳理用法,结合方法指导与分层训练,助力学生突破语境化考查难点。 亮点在于“高频短语语境辨析”和“情态动词推测用法”专项突破,如结合2025年真题“come up with”实例,通过“动词+介词/副词”结构对比表培养语言能力与思维品质。设“真题精讲+错题诊断”环节,配合三级分层练习,确保高效复习,教师可据此精准把控节奏,提升学生应考能力。

内容正文:

专题03 动词分类和动词短语 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 动词分类 5 考点二 实义动词 5 考点三 连系动词 9 考点四 助动词 11 考点五 情态动词 13 考点六 动词短语 18 04 优题精选·练能提分 23 考查形式 2025年 2024年 考情剖析 完形填空、短文填空、选词填空 及物/不及物动词判断、情态动词用法、动词短语辨析(如come up with) 实义动词辨析、系动词用法、动词短语搭配(如take pride in) 考情分析 动词分类: 1. 实义动词(行为动词) 及物动词(vt.):必须接宾语 2024年完形填空:She always writes love notes.(write为及物动词,接宾语notes) 不及物动词(vi.):不接宾语或需加介词再接宾语 2025年完形填空:He just replied with a nod.(reply为不及物动词,加介词with) 2. 系动词 表示状态:be(am/is/are/was/were) 表示感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 表示变化:become, get, turn, go, grow 2024年短文填空:The old woman is warm-hearted.(系动词be) 3. 助动词 帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句:do/does/did, have/has/had, will/would, shall/should 2025年完形填空:Did you have any special memories?(助动词构成疑问) 4. 情态动词 表示能力、许可、义务、推测等:can/could, may/might, must, should, need 2024年完形填空:She could see the notes.(表示能力) 动词短语 1. 动词+介词/副词构成短语 常见搭配: look at, listen to, wait for, depend on give up, put off, turn on/off, pick up 2025年选词填空:They picked cotton by hand.(pick up的变体) 2. 动词+名词+介词构成短语 固定搭配: take care of, make use of, pay attention to take pride in(2024年任务型阅读) 2024年任务型阅读:They took pride in me.(take pride in为固定短语) 3. 动词+副词+介词构成短语 常用短语: look forward to, get along with, catch up with come up with(2025年短文填空) 2025年短文填空:Shang Yang came up with an idea.(提出想法) 4. 其他动词短语结构 be动词短语:be made of, be used to, be good at have动词短语:have a try, have fun, have difficulty in 2025年任务型阅读:I wanted to have a try.(尝试) 命题预测 语境化考查:动词分类和短语不单独考查,而是融入语篇中,要求根据上下文判断动词的类别和短语的搭配。 固定搭配高频出现:尤其是“take pride in, come up with, pick up, look forward to”等常用动词短语。 一词多义现象:同一个动词在不同语境中可能有不同含义或构成不同短语。 动词辨析重点:考查近义动词或动词短语在具体语境中的准确选用。 与介词搭配紧密:动词短语常考查动词与特定介词的固定搭配。 动词可分为四类:实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。 类别 特点 功能与例句 实义动词 有实际意义,可独立作谓语 表示具体的动作或状态 He works hard.(不及物) She gave me a book.(及物) 连系动词 有词义,不能独立作谓语,须与表语构成系表结构 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份 The cake tastes sweet. He became a teacher. 助动词 无实际意义,不能独立作谓语 辅助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定等 She is singing.(进行时) Do you like it?(疑问) 情态动词 有一定意义,表示语气、情态 后接动词原形,无人称和数变化 You must finish homework. Can you swim? 考点二 实义动词 1. 分类 类型 特点 示例 例句 及物动词 (vt.) 必须接宾语意义才完整 give, ask, take He gave me a book. 不及物动词 (vi.) 不接宾语或需加介词才接宾语 work, go, wait He works hard.(不接宾语) He waits for his mom.(加介词) 延续性动词 动作可以持续,可与时间段连用 stay, live, work He has lived here for 5 years. 非延续性动词 瞬间完成,不与时间段直接连用 arrive, die, leave He arrived here 5 days ago. 2. 实义动词的形态变化(谓语形式变化) (1) 第三人称单数现在时(一般现在时) 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数 示例 一般加 -s run, walk runs, walks He runs fast. 以 s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾加 -es pass, go, teach passes, goes, teaches She teaches English. 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es try, study tries, studies He tries hard. 元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s play, stay plays, stays She plays piano. (2) 现在分词(用于进行时、动名词) 规则 动词原形 现在分词 示例 一般加 -ing go, do going, doing She is doing homework. 以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 -ing live, write living, writing I’m writing a letter. 重读闭音节结尾且仅一个辅音字母,双写加 -ing sit, begin sitting, beginning He is sitting there. 以 ie 结尾,变 ie 为 y 加 -ing die, lie dying, lying The leaves are dying. (3) 过去式与过去分词 A. 规则变化 规则 动词原形 过去式/过去分词 示例 一般加 -ed look, walk looked, walked I walked home. 以 e 结尾加 -d live, achieve lived, achieved He lived here. 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ed carry, study carried, studied She studied hard. 重读闭音节结尾且仅一个辅音字母,双写加 -ed stop, plan stopped, planned They stopped the car. B. 不规则变化分类 类别 模式 示例(原形→过去式→过去分词) AAA(三式同形) cost → cost → cost cut → cut → cut put → put → put read → read → read 注意:read 发音变化(/riːd/ → /red/ → /red/) AAB(过去式同原形) beat → beat → beaten ABA (过去分词同原形) become → became → become come → came → come run → ran → run ABB (过去式与过去分词同形) 加 d/t/ed:hear → heard → heard d→t:build → built → built 原形→ought:think → thought → thought 原形→aught:catch → caught → caught 变元音:dig → dug → dug;find → found → found 其他:have → had → had;make → made → made ABC(三式不同) 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n:eat → ate → eaten;see → saw → seen 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n:break → broke → broken i→a→u:begin → began → begun;swim → swam → swum 其他:be(am/is/are) → was/were → been;go → went → gone 情态动词过去式 (无过去分词) can → could;may → might;shall → should;will → would 注意:情态动词只有过去式,无过去分词 一、单项选择 1.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ________ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner. A.hide B.save C.steal D.borrow 2.(2025·西藏·中考真题)It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A.takes B.costs C.pays D.spends 3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce 4.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ________ in class. A.wake B.awake C.sleep D.asleep 5.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A.count B.describe C.raise D.protect 6.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023. —Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou. A.presented B.provided C.prepared D.promised 7.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Who is________ the way in the race? —Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class. A.watching B.planning C.leading D.showing 8.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)We might send nanobots (tiny robots) to different parts of the body, to help doctors ________ illnesses better. A.afford B.offer C.treat D.develop 9.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. A.paid B.donated C.brought D.devoted 10.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Look. This beautiful car is made by BYD in China. —It’s my dream car, and I ________ to buy one. A.refuse B.allow C.expect D.push 考点三 连系动词 1. 特点 不能单独作谓语,必须与表语(形容词、名词等)构成系表结构; 无被动语态; 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份; 2. 分类与常用词 类别 功能 常见动词 例句 状态类 表示主语的状态或特征 be, seem, appear He is a teacher. She seems happy. 感官类 表示感官感受 look, feel, sound, smell, taste The music sounds beautiful. The flower smells sweet. 变化类 表示状态变化 become, get, turn, grow, go Leaves turn yellow in autumn. He became famous. 保持类 表示状态持续 keep, stay, remain Keep quiet, please. The weather stays fine. 注意:部分动词如 prove 也可作系动词,意为“证明是”。 一、单项选择 1.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A.is B.was C.are D.were 2.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? —It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 3.(2023·湖北恩施·中考真题)The scarf ________ soft. I like it very much. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 4.(2023·四川乐山·中考真题)—How does the apple juice ________? —Good. I’d like to have another glass. A.taste B.smell C.look 5.(2023·湖北孝感·中考真题)—Daniel, try this strawberry cake. —It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more. A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks 考点四 助动词 1. 特点 无实际词义,不能独立作谓语 辅助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调等 2. 主要助动词及用法 (1) be (am/is/are/was/were) 功能 结构 例句 构成进行时 be + 现在分词 She is reading now. 构成被动语态 be + 过去分词 It is made in China. 构成否定/疑问 与 not 连用/提前 He is not here. Is he here? be 的形式变化 人称 数 现在时 过去时 现在分词 过去分词 第一人称 单数 am was being been 复数 are were being been 第二人称 单/复数 are were being been 第三人称 单数 is was being been 复数 are were being been (2) do (do/does/did) 功能 结构 例句 构成否定句 do/does/did + not + 动词原形 I do not like oranges. 构成疑问句 Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 Do you like oranges? 表示强调 do/does/did + 动词原形 I do like oranges! (3) have (have/has/had) 功能 结构 例句 构成完成时 have/has/had + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 构成否定/疑问 have/has/had + not / 提前 I haven’t seen him. Have you seen him? 一、完成句子 1.(2023·新疆·中考真题)I learned paper cutting from my teacher. (改为一般疑问句) you   paper cutting from your teacher? 2.(2018·新疆·中考真题)Andy learns English by Joining the language club. (对划线部分提问) Andy learn English? 3.(2019·新疆·中考真题)She put the keys on the table yesterday.(改为一般疑问句) she the keys on the table yesterday? 4.(2015·新疆·中考真题)Paul plays volleyball every day.(改为一般疑问句) Paul volleyball every day? 5.(2020·新疆·中考真题)I improved my Chinese a lot with the teachers' help.(就下划线部分提问) you improve your Chinese a lot? 考点五 情态动词 1. 共同特点 有一定词义,表示说话人的语气、情态 不能单独作谓语,须后接动词原形 无人称和数的变化(除 have to 有时态变化外) 否定式:情态动词 + not (have to 除外) 疑问式:情态动词提至主语前 2. 主要情态动词用法对比 情态动词 主要用法 示例与说明 can/could 1. 能力:can 现在;could 过去 2. 许可:could 更委婉 3. 推测:can 多用于否定/疑问;could 可能性更小 能力:I can swim. 许可:Could I use your phone? 推测:He can’t be at home.(不可能) may/might 1. 许可:may 正式;might 更委婉 2. 推测:may 可能性较大;might 较小 许可:May I come in? 推测:He may know the answer.(可能知道) must 1. 必须(主观) 2. 禁止:mustn’t 3. 推测:肯定句,意为“一定” 必须:You must finish work. 推测:This must be your room.(一定是) will/would 1. 意愿/决心:will 现在;would 过去 2. 请求/建议:would 更委婉 3. 习惯:will 现在习惯;would 过去习惯 意愿:I will help you. 请求:Would you open the door? 习惯:He would always arrive early. shall/should 1. 征求意见:shall 用于一、三人称 2. 义务/建议:should “应该” 3. 惊讶:should “竟然” 征求:Shall we go? 义务:You should study hard. 惊讶:Why should I go? need 1. 需要:多用于否定/疑问 2. 实义动词:need to do 3. 被动意义:need doing = need to be done 情态:You needn’t come.(不必) 实义:He needs to rest. 被动:The room needs cleaning. have to 客观必须,有时态变化,否定意为“不必” I have to work today. I don’t have to go. 3. 情态动词表推测的用法总结 情态动词 句型 含义与使用 must must + 动词原形 must be doing must have done 肯定推测“一定” 只用于肯定句 对现在:He must be tired. 对现在进行:He must be sleeping. 对过去:He must have finished. can/could can’t/couldn’t + 动词原形 can/could + 主语 + 动词原形? 否定/疑问推测 can’t“不可能”;could 可能性更小 否定:He can’t be at home. 疑问:Can it be true? may/might may/might + 动词原形 may/might be doing may/might have done 可能推测(肯定/否定) may 可能性较大;might 较小 肯定:He may come tomorrow. 否定:He may not know. 过去:He may have left. 4. 重要句型与回答 (1) Must 问句的回答 Must I go? Yes, you must.(必须) No, you needn’t / don’t have to.(不必) (2) Need 问句的回答 Need I stay? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. (3) Can/Could 表示能力的回答 Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Could you ride a bike at 5?(过去能力) Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t. 5. 易混点辨析 对比项 区别与用法 can 与 be able to can 表能力,用于现在/过去;be able to 强调“经过努力能够”,用于各种时态 例:He can swim.(能力) After practice, he was able to swim across.(努力后能够) must 与 have to must 主观必须;have to 客观不得不 must 无时态变化;have to 有各种时态 例:I must study hard.(主观) It’s raining, so I have to stay.(客观) may 与 might 表推测 may 可能性较大;might 可能性较小 may not“可能不”;can’t“不可能” may be 与 maybe may be 是情态动词 + be,作谓语 maybe 是副词“也许”,放句首作状语 例:He may be right.(他可能是对的) Maybe he is right.(也许他是对的) can’t 与 mustn’t can’t 表“不可能”推测或“不能”许可 mustn’t 表“禁止” 例:He can’t be at home.(不可能在家) You mustn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟) 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me? A.Can B.Must C.Should D.May 3.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 4.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon? —Sure. Let’s go! A.Shall B.Can C.Might D.Need 5.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). A.mustn’t B.can’t C.can D.must 6.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon? —Yes, of course you can. A.can B.must C.need D.should 7.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his. A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t 8.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—________ we make a meal for our grandparents on Double Ninth Festival? —Good idea. Let’s do it right now. A.Must B.Will C.Could D.Shall 9.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A.are B.might be C.must be D.can’t be 10.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 考点六 动词短语 一、基本概念与构成 动词短语是由“动词 + 介词/副词/名词”构成的固定搭配,其含义常与组成单词的字面意思不同。 主要构成类型 结构类型 特点 示例 动词 + 介词 宾语放在介词后 look at, listen to, wait for 动词 + 副词 代词作宾语时放在动词与副词之间 give up, pick up, turn on 动词 + 名词 构成固定搭配 make a decision, take notes 动词 + 名词 + 介词 名词不可替换,宾语放介词后 take care of, pay attention to 动词 + 副词 + 介词 三词结构,含义固定 look forward to, come up with 【易错点提示】 “动词+介词”型:宾语一律放在介词后面。 ✅ He got on the bus. / He got on it. ❌ He got it on. “动词+副词”型:代词作宾语时必须放在动词与副词之间。 ✅ I picked it up. ❌ I picked up it. 二、高频动词短语(按核心动词分类) 1. look 系列 look at(看);look for(寻找,强调过程) vs find(找到,强调结果);look after(照顾) look up(查阅;抬头看) look forward to(期待)→ to 为介词,后接 doing;look through(浏览);look out (for)(当心) look up to(尊敬) 2. put 系列 put on(穿上/上演) vs wear(穿着的状态);put off(推迟);put away(收好);put out(扑灭) put up(张贴/搭建);put down(放下;记下);put back(放回原处) 3. take 系列 take off(脱下/起飞);take care of(照顾);take part in(参加);take up(占据/开始从事) take away(带走);take down(记下;拆除);take out(取出);take place(发生)→ 无被动语态 4. get 系列 get up(起床);get on(上车/进展); get on well with sb.(与某人相处融洽) get off(下车);get ready for(准备);get along/on with(相处);get over(克服) get to(到达);get into(进入;陷入) 5. turn 系列 turn on(打开);turn off(关闭);turn up(调大/出现);turn down(调小/拒绝);turn into(变成) 6. give 系列 give up(放弃)give in(屈服);give away(赠送/泄露);give out(分发);give off(发出光/热) 7. come 系列 come from(来自);come out(出版/出现);come up with(想出);come across(偶遇);come true(实现) 8. keep 系列 keep on (doing)(继续做);keep away from(远离);keep up with(跟上);keep in touch (with)(保持联系);keep off(远离;使不接近) 9. break 系列 break down(出故障/垮掉);break out(爆发);break into(破门而入) 10. bring 系列 bring up(培养)bring out(出版/显现);bring back(带回) 三、高频动词短语(按相同介词/副词分类) 1. up give up(放弃);wake up(醒来);grow up(长大);clean up(打扫干净);cheer up(振作) pick up(捡起;接人;学会);use up(用光);cut up(切碎);set up(建立);stay up(熬夜) 2. out come out(出版;出现);find out(查明);work out(解决;锻炼);give out(分发);run out (of)(用光);try out(试验);sell out(卖光);go out(出去) 3. off put off(推迟);turn off(关闭);get off(下车);take off(起飞;脱下);set off(出发);go off((闹钟)响) 4. for look for(寻找);wait for(等候);ask for(请求);pay for(支付);prepare for(准备);care for(喜欢;照顾) 5. to(注意:多数情况下为介词) listen to(听);belong to(属于);lead to(导致);look forward to(期待)→ + doing pay attention to(注意)→ + doing;be/get used to(习惯)→ + doing;stick to(坚持)→ + doing 6. with agree with(同意某人/观点);come up with(想出);deal with(处理);get along/on with(相处) 7. about think about(考虑);talk about(谈论);worry about(担忧) 8. of think of(认为;想出);hear of(听说);take care of(照顾);run out of(用光) 9. on depend on(依靠);work on(致力于);put on(穿上;上演);try on(试穿) 10. from hear from(收到……来信);learn from(向……学习);be different from(与……不同) keep away from(远离) 四、易混辨析与使用要点 对比短语 区别与用法 look for vs find look for(寻找,过程);find(找到,结果) put on vs wear put on(穿的动作);wear(穿着的状态) take off 多义:脱下(衣物)/ 起飞(飞机)/ 突然成功 turn up 多义:调大(音量)/ 出现(某人) turn down 多义:调小(音量)/ 拒绝(请求) give up(放弃) vs give in(屈服) 后均可接宾语,give up sth./doing;give in to sb./sth. agree with vs agree to agree with sb.(同意某人);agree to a plan(同意计划) take place vs happen take place(按计划发生);happen(偶然发生)→ 均无被动语态 【多义短语的语境判断】 同一个动词短语可能有多个含义,需根据上下文判断: take off: He took off his coat.(脱下) / The plane took off on time.(起飞) turn up: Please turn up the radio.(调大) / He finally turned up at the party.(出现) give away: She gave away her old books.(赠送) / He gave away the secret.(泄露) 一、单项选择 1.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)Jack: If you had a chocolate car, which part would you eat first? Jeff: The wheels. Then it can’t ________. A.lie down B.run away C.grow up D.fall over 2.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients. A.hear about B.talk about C.care about D.dream about 3.(2025·西藏·中考真题)China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities. A.get up B.get to C.get off D.get out 4.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)We’d better ________ to save water to live a green life. A.watch less TV B.take shorter showers C.recycle old clothes D.choose public transport 5.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)To have more classrooms, we’re ________ a new teaching building. A.putting up B.putting out C.putting in D.putting down 6.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Come on, Alice. Don’t be so hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. We have to ________ ourselves sometimes and keep a sense of humour! A.believe in B.look after C.depend on D.laugh at 7.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to ________ the chance to go to the concert. —What a pity! But we can go together next time. A.set up B.give up C.cheer up D.fix up 8.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Mr. Brown, I’ve________ ideas. I can’t go on with my writing. —Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later. A.looked back at B.run out of C.taken pride in D.come up with 9.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—I love geography and my partner is good at math. —No wonder you two ________ the best school map design. A.worked out B.looked for C.heard of D.put away 10.(2025·天津·中考真题)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning. A.make a list B.lay the table C.make a mistake D.go for a walk 一、单项选择 1.— Henry, where are we going to have our science project discussion? — I have no idea. Ask our monitor. He ________ know. A.may B.can C.need D.had better 2.The sign means visitors ________ touch the ancient display items in the museum. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’t 3.You ________ take down everything the teacher says. Just get the main points. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.won’t 4.We’ve already booked the train tickets. You ________ worry about getting seats any more. A.needn’t B.can’t C.may not D.mustn’t 5.With the online ticket booking app, we ________ wait in long lines to buy train tickets. A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.had better not D.needn’t 6.We ________ perform a fire safety check every month according to the safety rules. A.can B.must C.may D.ought to 7.—I’m afraid you ________ apologize for what you said earlier if you want to stay in this club. —I’m really sorry, and I’ll make it right. A.must B.can C.may D.would 8.Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A.was B.is C.has been D.will be 9.My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together. A.are; They B.am; We C.are; We D.am; They 10.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t 二、单词拼写 11.—Why are you so nervous about the exam? —Well, I (not study) much, but I don’t want to fail. 12.—Dear me! You broke my favourite vase! —I’m so sorry, I (not mean) it. 13.Not only my parents but also I (be) Zhong Nanshan’s fans. 14.Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 15.My English (be) really poor before my teacher helped me. 16.Ladies and gentlemen, we for the late departure of this flight(apology) 17.The local government is planning to more jobs for young people. (creative) 18.We all look forward to the day when COVID-19 will . (appear) 19.The couple got (marry) in a traditional ceremony. Their relatives and friends came to send best wishes. 20.Why not go (skate) this afternoon? 三、完形填空 根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 One day, I was in the car with my dad. We were driving to the park 21 something scary happened. A big black car suddenly came out in front of us! My dad had to stop really 22 to avoid hitting it. The man in the black car looked very 23 . He turned around and started 24 at us. But you know what my dad did? He just smiled and waved at the angry man! I was 25 . “Dad, why are you being 26 ? That man was so mean!” I asked. My dad smiled at me and told me something I’ll never 27 . He called it “The Garbage Truck (垃圾车) Story”. “Some people,” he said, “are 28 garbage trucks. They carry lots of bad 29 inside. A garbage truck needs to 30 its garbage somewhere. These people also want to drop their bad feelings on others.” “But Daddy, what should we do when we meet these ‘garbage truck people?’ ” I asked. “It’s 31 , sweetheart. When you see someone trying to give you their ‘garbage’, just smile, wave, and walk away. Don’t let their garbage become 32 .” Since that 33 , I started watching for “garbage trucks”. When I see someone getting angry or trying to be mean, I remember my dad’s 34 . I just smile, wave, and walk away. I’m so happy my dad 35 me this. Now I know how to stay happy, even when I meet angry people! 21.A.when B.if C.until 22.A.quietly B.fast C.carefully 23.A.afraid B.angry C.brave 24.A.shouting B.waving C.talking 25.A.sad B.excited C.surprised 26.A.nice B.silly C.strange 27.A.learn B.know C.forget 28.A.with B.like C.from 29.A.feelings B.experiences C.opinions 30.A.move B.drop C.keep 31.A.simple B.impossible C.difficult 32.A.ours B.theirs C.yours 33.A.year B.hour C.day 34.A.faces B.words C.eyes 35.A.gave B.taught C.showed 四、短文填空 阅读下面材料,按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空,每空不超过两个单词。 To me, music is food and water. I can’t live without it. I know this is not true for everyone. Many people 36 don’t go to concerts or listen to music recordings can still get along quite well. 37 fact, music is everywhere in our life. For example, when you watch films or TV shows, do you find them 38 (interest) if there is no music? No, you would find them boring. And when you 39 (wait) for the train or the plane, you would like a piece of music because it makes the time seem 40 (short). It is true that music is everywhere in 41 (we) lives. Some people like to sit by the sea and listen to the sound of the water. Some enjoy 42 (listen) to the singing of the birds. Those sounds are some 43 (kind) of music. So music has meaning for everyone in some way or other. Of course, it 44 (real) has special meaning for people like me. We spend our life playing and writing music. Someone said, “Through music, a child goes into a world of beauty, learns 45 (take) care of others and makes his mind and his body strong.” Music is 46 important part of our lives. 五、选词填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺,意思完整,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 better, to, one, pride, suddenly, no, but, be, poem, I, instrument Zhou Shen is a singer with a magical voice. He can sing different kinds of songs. However, compared with other singers, he is much 47 at bringing traditional Chinese ideas into pop music. He helps lots of people fall in love with Guofeng music. In his song Silver Linings (光亮), Zhou sings some lyrics in the Beijing Opera style. In Painting Silk, people can hear sounds from the Chinese musical 48 xiao. Some popular songs have Internet buzzwords (流行语) in their lyrics. But Zhou’s songs are different. “These ancient 49 and songs are very Chinese.” Zhou told China Daily. “When our lives are full of buzzwords, people may 50 feel moved when hearing an ancient poem. Many great poems 51 written by the ancient Chinese thousands of years ago. Their works were simple in words 52 rich in meaning. They are really our national 53 .” In Zhou Shen’s eyes, music can be used 54 spread culture and tell China’s stories. “When I was studying abroad, my teachers listened to my song for the 55 time and praised me. They felt that Chinese music is so beautiful. They were interested in Chinese culture. And they really liked 56 song using the Chinese opera style.” Zhou also said that Guofeng music is a bridge between the modern and the classic. “We always say art has 57 boundaries (边界). It’s the same with music,”he said. 1 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词分类和动词短语 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 动词分类 5 考点二 实义动词 5 考点三 连系动词 9 考点四 助动词 11 考点五 情态动词 13 考点六 动词短语 18 04 优题精选·练能提分 23 考查形式 2025年 2024年 考情剖析 完形填空、短文填空、选词填空 及物/不及物动词判断、情态动词用法、动词短语辨析(如come up with) 实义动词辨析、系动词用法、动词短语搭配(如take pride in) 考情分析 动词分类: 1. 实义动词(行为动词) 及物动词(vt.):必须接宾语 2024年完形填空:She always writes love notes.(write为及物动词,接宾语notes) 不及物动词(vi.):不接宾语或需加介词再接宾语 2025年完形填空:He just replied with a nod.(reply为不及物动词,加介词with) 2. 系动词 表示状态:be(am/is/are/was/were) 表示感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 表示变化:become, get, turn, go, grow 2024年短文填空:The old woman is warm-hearted.(系动词be) 3. 助动词 帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句:do/does/did, have/has/had, will/would, shall/should 2025年完形填空:Did you have any special memories?(助动词构成疑问) 4. 情态动词 表示能力、许可、义务、推测等:can/could, may/might, must, should, need 2024年完形填空:She could see the notes.(表示能力) 动词短语 1. 动词+介词/副词构成短语 常见搭配: look at, listen to, wait for, depend on give up, put off, turn on/off, pick up 2025年选词填空:They picked cotton by hand.(pick up的变体) 2. 动词+名词+介词构成短语 固定搭配: take care of, make use of, pay attention to take pride in(2024年任务型阅读) 2024年任务型阅读:They took pride in me.(take pride in为固定短语) 3. 动词+副词+介词构成短语 常用短语: look forward to, get along with, catch up with come up with(2025年短文填空) 2025年短文填空:Shang Yang came up with an idea.(提出想法) 4. 其他动词短语结构 be动词短语:be made of, be used to, be good at have动词短语:have a try, have fun, have difficulty in 2025年任务型阅读:I wanted to have a try.(尝试) 命题预测 语境化考查:动词分类和短语不单独考查,而是融入语篇中,要求根据上下文判断动词的类别和短语的搭配。 固定搭配高频出现:尤其是“take pride in, come up with, pick up, look forward to”等常用动词短语。 一词多义现象:同一个动词在不同语境中可能有不同含义或构成不同短语。 动词辨析重点:考查近义动词或动词短语在具体语境中的准确选用。 与介词搭配紧密:动词短语常考查动词与特定介词的固定搭配。 动词可分为四类:实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。 类别 特点 功能与例句 实义动词 有实际意义,可独立作谓语 表示具体的动作或状态 He works hard.(不及物) She gave me a book.(及物) 连系动词 有词义,不能独立作谓语,须与表语构成系表结构 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份 The cake tastes sweet. He became a teacher. 助动词 无实际意义,不能独立作谓语 辅助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定等 She is singing.(进行时) Do you like it?(疑问) 情态动词 有一定意义,表示语气、情态 后接动词原形,无人称和数变化 You must finish homework. Can you swim? 考点二 实义动词 1. 分类 类型 特点 示例 例句 及物动词 (vt.) 必须接宾语意义才完整 give, ask, take He gave me a book. 不及物动词 (vi.) 不接宾语或需加介词才接宾语 work, go, wait He works hard.(不接宾语) He waits for his mom.(加介词) 延续性动词 动作可以持续,可与时间段连用 stay, live, work He has lived here for 5 years. 非延续性动词 瞬间完成,不与时间段直接连用 arrive, die, leave He arrived here 5 days ago. 2. 实义动词的形态变化(谓语形式变化) (1) 第三人称单数现在时(一般现在时) 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数 示例 一般加 -s run, walk runs, walks He runs fast. 以 s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾加 -es pass, go, teach passes, goes, teaches She teaches English. 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es try, study tries, studies He tries hard. 元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s play, stay plays, stays She plays piano. (2) 现在分词(用于进行时、动名词) 规则 动词原形 现在分词 示例 一般加 -ing go, do going, doing She is doing homework. 以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 -ing live, write living, writing I’m writing a letter. 重读闭音节结尾且仅一个辅音字母,双写加 -ing sit, begin sitting, beginning He is sitting there. 以 ie 结尾,变 ie 为 y 加 -ing die, lie dying, lying The leaves are dying. (3) 过去式与过去分词 A. 规则变化 规则 动词原形 过去式/过去分词 示例 一般加 -ed look, walk looked, walked I walked home. 以 e 结尾加 -d live, achieve lived, achieved He lived here. 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ed carry, study carried, studied She studied hard. 重读闭音节结尾且仅一个辅音字母,双写加 -ed stop, plan stopped, planned They stopped the car. B. 不规则变化分类 类别 模式 示例(原形→过去式→过去分词) AAA(三式同形) cost → cost → cost cut → cut → cut put → put → put read → read → read 注意:read 发音变化(/riːd/ → /red/ → /red/) AAB(过去式同原形) beat → beat → beaten ABA (过去分词同原形) become → became → become come → came → come run → ran → run ABB (过去式与过去分词同形) 加 d/t/ed:hear → heard → heard d→t:build → built → built 原形→ought:think → thought → thought 原形→aught:catch → caught → caught 变元音:dig → dug → dug;find → found → found 其他:have → had → had;make → made → made ABC(三式不同) 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n:eat → ate → eaten;see → saw → seen 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n:break → broke → broken i→a→u:begin → began → begun;swim → swam → swum 其他:be(am/is/are) → was/were → been;go → went → gone 情态动词过去式 (无过去分词) can → could;may → might;shall → should;will → would 注意:情态动词只有过去式,无过去分词 一、单项选择 1.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ________ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner. A.hide B.save C.steal D.borrow 【答案】C 【详解】句意:“汤姆,住手!别让你的手机占用我们的家庭时光!”爸爸在晚饭时警告道。 考查动词辨析。hide隐藏;save节省;steal偷窃;borrow借。根据“Don’t let your phone…our family time”可知,此处指手机占用家庭相处的时间,steal可引申为“占用”,故选C。 2.(2025·西藏·中考真题)It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A.takes B.costs C.pays D.spends 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我经常花50分钟来完成这种剪纸。 考查动词辨析。takes花费,常用于it固定句型;costs花费,物作主语;pays支付,人作主语;spends花费,人作主语。该句考查“It takes sb (time) to do sth”是固定句型,表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故选A。 3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我建议你应该试试色彩疗法。颜色有惊人的力量。 考查动词辨析。support支持;suggest建议;imagine想象;introduce介绍。根据“you should try the colour therapy”可知,建议试试色彩疗法,此处为提出建议。故选B。 4.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ________ in class. A.wake B.awake C.sleep D.asleep 【答案】B 【详解】句意:有时我在课堂上喝很多咖啡来保持清醒。 考查词汇辨析及形容词作表语。wake唤醒,动词;awake醒着的,形容词;sleep睡觉,动词或名词;asleep睡着的,形容词。根据“Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ... in class.”可知,喝咖啡是为了保持清醒,由“stay”可知,此处应该用形容词awake作表语。故选B。 5.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A.count B.describe C.raise D.protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——米莉,你能为我们描述一下鹤吗?——好的。它们很高,腿很长,脖子很长。 考查动词辨析。count数数;describe描述;raise提升;protect保护。根据“They are tall and have long legs and a long neck.”可知此处是在描述鹤的外形特征。故选B。 6.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023. —Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou. A.presented B.provided C.prepared D.promised 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——朱杨柱在2023年被授予了“中国青年五四奖章”。——恭喜!他是徐州沛县的骄傲。 考查动词辨析。presented授予,颁发;provided提供,供应;prepared准备;promised承诺。根据答语“Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou.”可知,他是沛县的骄傲,因此这里是指“被授予奖章”是一个光荣的、值得祝贺的事件;考查be presented with“被授予 (奖项、荣誉等)”,动词短语。故选A。 7.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Who is________ the way in the race? —Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class. A.watching B.planning C.leading D.showing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——谁在比赛中领先?——小明。他在我们班跑得最快。 考查动词辨析。watching观看;planning计划;leading领先,领路;showing展示。根据“…the way in the race”及“He runs the fastest”可知,此处指在比赛中处于领先地位。故选C。 8.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)We might send nanobots (tiny robots) to different parts of the body, to help doctors ________ illnesses better. A.afford B.offer C.treat D.develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们可能会将纳米机器人(微型机器人)发送到身体的不同部位,以帮助医生更好地治疗疾病。 考查动词辨析。afford负担得起;offer提供;treat治疗;develop发展。根据“help doctors...illness”可知是帮助医生治疗疾病。故选C。 9.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. A.paid B.donated C.brought D.devoted 【答案】D 【详解】句意:樊锦诗将她生命中的很大一部分时间用于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟。她被许多人称为“敦煌之女”。 考查动词辨析。paid支付;donated捐款;brought带来;devoted奉献。根据“a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves”可知,她一生中大部分时间都致力于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟,devote to“致力于,献身于”,故选D。 10.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Look. This beautiful car is made by BYD in China. —It’s my dream car, and I ________ to buy one. A.refuse B.allow C.expect D.push 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——看。这辆漂亮的车是中国的比亚迪制造的。——这是我梦寐以求的车,我期望买一辆。 考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝;allow允许;expect期待;push推。根据“It’s my dream car,”可知这辆车是说话人梦寐以求的车,所以期待买一辆,故选C。 考点三 连系动词 1. 特点 不能单独作谓语,必须与表语(形容词、名词等)构成系表结构; 无被动语态; 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份; 2. 分类与常用词 类别 功能 常见动词 例句 状态类 表示主语的状态或特征 be, seem, appear He is a teacher. She seems happy. 感官类 表示感官感受 look, feel, sound, smell, taste The music sounds beautiful. The flower smells sweet. 变化类 表示状态变化 become, get, turn, grow, go Leaves turn yellow in autumn. He became famous. 保持类 表示状态持续 keep, stay, remain Keep quiet, please. The weather stays fine. 注意:部分动词如 prove 也可作系动词,意为“证明是”。 一、单项选择 1.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A.is B.was C.are D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这周末去爬东华山怎么样?——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知,此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实,排除BD;题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语(核心词是pair),需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。 2.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? —It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——海伦,你觉得鸡汤怎么样?——味道真的很好。我想多喝点。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;feels感觉;sounds听起来。根据“It ... really good. I’d like to drink more.”可知,鸡汤尝起来味道很好,故选A。 3.(2023·湖北恩施·中考真题)The scarf ________ soft. I like it very much. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这条围巾摸起来很软。我非常喜欢它。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;feels摸起来;sounds听起来。根据“The scarf…soft.”可知,围巾摸起来很软。故选B。 4.(2023·四川乐山·中考真题)—How does the apple juice ________? —Good. I’d like to have another glass. A.taste B.smell C.look 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——苹果汁的味道如何?——不错。我想再来一杯。 考查动词辨析。taste尝起来;smell闻起来;look看起来。根据“Good. I’d like to have another glass.”可知此处指在喝苹果汁,所以是问尝起来味道如何。故选A。 5.(2023·湖北孝感·中考真题)—Daniel, try this strawberry cake. —It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more. A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Daniel,尝尝这个草莓蛋糕。——它尝起来很美味。我还想再吃一些。 考查感官动词辨析。smells闻起来;feels感觉;tastes尝起来;looks看起来。It指代上一句中的strawberry cake,结合delicious可知,草莓蛋糕尝起来美味,故选C。 考点四 助动词 1. 特点 无实际词义,不能独立作谓语 辅助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调等 2. 主要助动词及用法 (1) be (am/is/are/was/were) 功能 结构 例句 构成进行时 be + 现在分词 She is reading now. 构成被动语态 be + 过去分词 It is made in China. 构成否定/疑问 与 not 连用/提前 He is not here. Is he here? be 的形式变化 人称 数 现在时 过去时 现在分词 过去分词 第一人称 单数 am was being been 复数 are were being been 第二人称 单/复数 are were being been 第三人称 单数 is was being been 复数 are were being been (2) do (do/does/did) 功能 结构 例句 构成否定句 do/does/did + not + 动词原形 I do not like oranges. 构成疑问句 Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 Do you like oranges? 表示强调 do/does/did + 动词原形 I do like oranges! (3) have (have/has/had) 功能 结构 例句 构成完成时 have/has/had + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 构成否定/疑问 have/has/had + not / 提前 I haven’t seen him. Have you seen him? 一、完成句子 1.(2023·新疆·中考真题)I learned paper cutting from my teacher. (改为一般疑问句) you   paper cutting from your teacher? 【答案】 Did learn 【详解】句意:我从老师那里学会了剪纸。原句含有实义动词learned,时态是一般过去时,所以变一般疑问句,助动词用did,放在主语前,后跟动词原形。故填Did;learn。 2.(2018·新疆·中考真题)Andy learns English by Joining the language club. (对划线部分提问) Andy learn English? 【答案】 How does 【详解】句意:Andy通过参加语言俱乐部来学习英语。句中划线的部分表示学习英语的方式,故疑问词应用How,意思是“怎样,如何”;原句中没有be动词或者情态动词的形式,因此应用助动词构成疑问句,句子为一般现在时,主语Andy是第三人称单数,故用助动词does。故填How;does。 3.(2019·新疆·中考真题)She put the keys on the table yesterday.(改为一般疑问句) she the keys on the table yesterday? 【答案】 Did put 【详解】句意:她昨天把钥匙放在桌子上了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,这里是一般疑问句,要借助助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他?根据题意,故填Did  ; put。 4.(2015·新疆·中考真题)Paul plays volleyball every day.(改为一般疑问句) Paul volleyball every day? 【答案】 Does play 【详解】句意:保罗每天打排球。本题要求改为一般疑问句,原句中谓语动词“plays”是第三人称单数形式,疑问句应用助动词does构成,动词的三单形式应变为原形。故答案为Does; play。 5.(2020·新疆·中考真题)I improved my Chinese a lot with the teachers' help.(就下划线部分提问) you improve your Chinese a lot? 【答案】 How did 【详解】句意:在老师的帮助下,我的中文进步了很多。 根据句意理解及划线部分with the teachers’ help提示可知,这里是对方式的提问,英语中对方式的提问用how,特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”,而原句用的动词是improved,是一般过去时,所以变成疑问句应该加助动词did,故答案为How did。 考点五 情态动词 1. 共同特点 有一定词义,表示说话人的语气、情态 不能单独作谓语,须后接动词原形 无人称和数的变化(除 have to 有时态变化外) 否定式:情态动词 + not (have to 除外) 疑问式:情态动词提至主语前 2. 主要情态动词用法对比 情态动词 主要用法 示例与说明 can/could 1. 能力:can 现在;could 过去 2. 许可:could 更委婉 3. 推测:can 多用于否定/疑问;could 可能性更小 能力:I can swim. 许可:Could I use your phone? 推测:He can’t be at home.(不可能) may/might 1. 许可:may 正式;might 更委婉 2. 推测:may 可能性较大;might 较小 许可:May I come in? 推测:He may know the answer.(可能知道) must 1. 必须(主观) 2. 禁止:mustn’t 3. 推测:肯定句,意为“一定” 必须:You must finish work. 推测:This must be your room.(一定是) will/would 1. 意愿/决心:will 现在;would 过去 2. 请求/建议:would 更委婉 3. 习惯:will 现在习惯;would 过去习惯 意愿:I will help you. 请求:Would you open the door? 习惯:He would always arrive early. shall/should 1. 征求意见:shall 用于一、三人称 2. 义务/建议:should “应该” 3. 惊讶:should “竟然” 征求:Shall we go? 义务:You should study hard. 惊讶:Why should I go? need 1. 需要:多用于否定/疑问 2. 实义动词:need to do 3. 被动意义:need doing = need to be done 情态:You needn’t come.(不必) 实义:He needs to rest. 被动:The room needs cleaning. have to 客观必须,有时态变化,否定意为“不必” I have to work today. I don’t have to go. 3. 情态动词表推测的用法总结 情态动词 句型 含义与使用 must must + 动词原形 must be doing must have done 肯定推测“一定” 只用于肯定句 对现在:He must be tired. 对现在进行:He must be sleeping. 对过去:He must have finished. can/could can’t/couldn’t + 动词原形 can/could + 主语 + 动词原形? 否定/疑问推测 can’t“不可能”;could 可能性更小 否定:He can’t be at home. 疑问:Can it be true? may/might may/might + 动词原形 may/might be doing may/might have done 可能推测(肯定/否定) may 可能性较大;might 较小 肯定:He may come tomorrow. 否定:He may not know. 过去:He may have left. 4. 重要句型与回答 (1) Must 问句的回答 Must I go? Yes, you must.(必须) No, you needn’t / don’t have to.(不必) (2) Need 问句的回答 Need I stay? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. (3) Can/Could 表示能力的回答 Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Could you ride a bike at 5?(过去能力) Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t. 5. 易混点辨析 对比项 区别与用法 can 与 be able to can 表能力,用于现在/过去;be able to 强调“经过努力能够”,用于各种时态 例:He can swim.(能力) After practice, he was able to swim across.(努力后能够) must 与 have to must 主观必须;have to 客观不得不 must 无时态变化;have to 有各种时态 例:I must study hard.(主观) It’s raining, so I have to stay.(客观) may 与 might 表推测 may 可能性较大;might 可能性较小 may not“可能不”;can’t“不可能” may be 与 maybe may be 是情态动词 + be,作谓语 maybe 是副词“也许”,放句首作状语 例:He may be right.(他可能是对的) Maybe he is right.(也许他是对的) can’t 与 mustn’t can’t 表“不可能”推测或“不能”许可 mustn’t 表“禁止” 例:He can’t be at home.(不可能在家) You mustn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟) 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:乘客禁止在高铁上吸烟是一条规定。 考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能。根据“It is a rule that…”(这是一项规定)可知,此处强调强制性的禁止,故选C。 2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me? A.Can B.Must C.Should D.May 【答案】A 【详解】句意:嘿,朱莉。我最近遇到一个问题。你能帮我吗? 考查情态动词辨析。Can能、可以,表示请求许可或能力;Must必须,表示强制或义务;Should应该,表示建议或责任;May可以,表示请求许可,语气较正式。此处是请求对方提供帮助,用“Can”更符合日常口语中的请求语境。故选A。 3.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Lily,Daniel的班级旅行计划进展如何?——我不确定。它可能还没被完成。我今天早上看到他在做。 考查情态动词。may not可能不,表示不确定的推测;shouldn’t不应该,通常用于建议或义务;can’t不可能,用于否定推测;mustn’t禁止。根据“I’m not sure...I saw him working on it this morning.”可知,说话者应是不确定计划是否完成,且看到Daniel早上还在做,因此用“may not”表示推测。故选A。 4.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon? —Sure. Let’s go! A.Shall B.Can C.Might D.Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——西蒙,你能教我打篮球吗?——当然可以。我们走吧! 考查动词辨析。Shall将要;Can可以;Might也许;Need需要,根据“...you teach me to play basketball, Simon?”可知,询问对方是否可以教自己打篮球,故选B。 5.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). A.mustn’t B.can’t C.can D.must 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——李明,那位直发的年轻女士是你的阿姨吗?——不,不可能是她。她去园艺博览会了。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能;can能;must一定。根据“She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition”可知她去园艺博览会了,所以那个人不可能是她,表示否定推测用can’t。故选B。 6.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon? —Yes, of course you can. A.can B.must C.need D.should 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——妈妈,这个星期天下午我能和同学们一起去看电影吗?——是的,你当然可以。 考查情态动词。can可以;must必须;need需要;should应该。根据“of course you can”可知,此处表示请求,应用句式Can I…?。故选A。 7.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his. A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个水壶不可能是刘先生的。水壶上的名字不是他的。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须;may可能;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“The name on the bottle isn’t his.”可知水壶不可能是刘先生的,应用can’t。故选D。 8.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—________ we make a meal for our grandparents on Double Ninth Festival? —Good idea. Let’s do it right now. A.Must B.Will C.Could D.Shall 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们要不要在重阳节为祖父母做顿饭?——好主意。我们现在就做吧。 考查情态动词。must必须;will将;could能够;shall将会。根据“Good idea.”可知,对方是在提出建议,shall用于第一人称we或I,表示提出建议或征求意见,符合语境。故选D。 9.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A.are B.might be C.must be D.can’t be 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我想知道这是不是Jane的眼镜。——它们不可能是她的。她不戴眼镜。 考查情态动词表推测。are是;might be可能是;must be一定是;can’t be不可能是。根据“She doesn’t wear glasses.”可知,此处表示眼镜不可能是她的,否定推测用can’t be。故选D。 10.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我必须用粉红色来粉刷我的卧室吗?——不,你不用。你可以用任何你喜欢的颜色。 考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。根据“Must I...”可知其否定回答用needn’t。故选D。 考点六 动词短语 一、基本概念与构成 动词短语是由“动词 + 介词/副词/名词”构成的固定搭配,其含义常与组成单词的字面意思不同。 主要构成类型 结构类型 特点 示例 动词 + 介词 宾语放在介词后 look at, listen to, wait for 动词 + 副词 代词作宾语时放在动词与副词之间 give up, pick up, turn on 动词 + 名词 构成固定搭配 make a decision, take notes 动词 + 名词 + 介词 名词不可替换,宾语放介词后 take care of, pay attention to 动词 + 副词 + 介词 三词结构,含义固定 look forward to, come up with 【易错点提示】 “动词+介词”型:宾语一律放在介词后面。 ✅ He got on the bus. / He got on it. ❌ He got it on. “动词+副词”型:代词作宾语时必须放在动词与副词之间。 ✅ I picked it up. ❌ I picked up it. 二、高频动词短语(按核心动词分类) 1. look 系列 look at(看);look for(寻找,强调过程) vs find(找到,强调结果);look after(照顾) look up(查阅;抬头看) look forward to(期待)→ to 为介词,后接 doing;look through(浏览);look out (for)(当心) look up to(尊敬) 2. put 系列 put on(穿上/上演) vs wear(穿着的状态);put off(推迟);put away(收好);put out(扑灭) put up(张贴/搭建);put down(放下;记下);put back(放回原处) 3. take 系列 take off(脱下/起飞);take care of(照顾);take part in(参加);take up(占据/开始从事) take away(带走);take down(记下;拆除);take out(取出);take place(发生)→ 无被动语态 4. get 系列 get up(起床);get on(上车/进展); get on well with sb.(与某人相处融洽) get off(下车);get ready for(准备);get along/on with(相处);get over(克服) get to(到达);get into(进入;陷入) 5. turn 系列 turn on(打开);turn off(关闭);turn up(调大/出现);turn down(调小/拒绝);turn into(变成) 6. give 系列 give up(放弃)give in(屈服);give away(赠送/泄露);give out(分发);give off(发出光/热) 7. come 系列 come from(来自);come out(出版/出现);come up with(想出);come across(偶遇);come true(实现) 8. keep 系列 keep on (doing)(继续做);keep away from(远离);keep up with(跟上);keep in touch (with)(保持联系);keep off(远离;使不接近) 9. break 系列 break down(出故障/垮掉);break out(爆发);break into(破门而入) 10. bring 系列 bring up(培养)bring out(出版/显现);bring back(带回) 三、高频动词短语(按相同介词/副词分类) 1. up give up(放弃);wake up(醒来);grow up(长大);clean up(打扫干净);cheer up(振作) pick up(捡起;接人;学会);use up(用光);cut up(切碎);set up(建立);stay up(熬夜) 2. out come out(出版;出现);find out(查明);work out(解决;锻炼);give out(分发);run out (of)(用光);try out(试验);sell out(卖光);go out(出去) 3. off put off(推迟);turn off(关闭);get off(下车);take off(起飞;脱下);set off(出发);go off((闹钟)响) 4. for look for(寻找);wait for(等候);ask for(请求);pay for(支付);prepare for(准备);care for(喜欢;照顾) 5. to(注意:多数情况下为介词) listen to(听);belong to(属于);lead to(导致);look forward to(期待)→ + doing pay attention to(注意)→ + doing;be/get used to(习惯)→ + doing;stick to(坚持)→ + doing 6. with agree with(同意某人/观点);come up with(想出);deal with(处理);get along/on with(相处) 7. about think about(考虑);talk about(谈论);worry about(担忧) 8. of think of(认为;想出);hear of(听说);take care of(照顾);run out of(用光) 9. on depend on(依靠);work on(致力于);put on(穿上;上演);try on(试穿) 10. from hear from(收到……来信);learn from(向……学习);be different from(与……不同) keep away from(远离) 四、易混辨析与使用要点 对比短语 区别与用法 look for vs find look for(寻找,过程);find(找到,结果) put on vs wear put on(穿的动作);wear(穿着的状态) take off 多义:脱下(衣物)/ 起飞(飞机)/ 突然成功 turn up 多义:调大(音量)/ 出现(某人) turn down 多义:调小(音量)/ 拒绝(请求) give up(放弃) vs give in(屈服) 后均可接宾语,give up sth./doing;give in to sb./sth. agree with vs agree to agree with sb.(同意某人);agree to a plan(同意计划) take place vs happen take place(按计划发生);happen(偶然发生)→ 均无被动语态 【多义短语的语境判断】 同一个动词短语可能有多个含义,需根据上下文判断: take off: He took off his coat.(脱下) / The plane took off on time.(起飞) turn up: Please turn up the radio.(调大) / He finally turned up at the party.(出现) give away: She gave away her old books.(赠送) / He gave away the secret.(泄露) 一、单项选择 1.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)Jack: If you had a chocolate car, which part would you eat first? Jeff: The wheels. Then it can’t ________. A.lie down B.run away C.grow up D.fall over 【答案】B 【详解】句意:杰克:如果你有一辆巧克力做的车,你会先吃哪个部分?杰夫:轮子。那样它就不能跑掉了。 考查动词短语。lie down躺下;run away跑掉;grow up长大;fall over摔倒。根据“The wheels”可知,吃掉巧克力车的轮子,车就无法移动,也就不能“跑掉”。故选B。 2.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients. A.hear about B.talk about C.care about D.dream about 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我想成为像我父母一样的医生。他们真的很关心他们的病人。 考查动词短语辨析。hear about听说; talk about谈论;care about关心,照顾;dream about梦想。根据“doctor”(医生)和“patients”(病人)的职业关联,医生的核心态度是“照顾”病人,故选C。 3.(2025·西藏·中考真题)China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities. A.get up B.get to C.get off D.get out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:中国的高速列车速度很快,可以到达大多数城市。 考查动词短语。get up起床;get to到达;get off下车;get out出去。根据“China’s high-speed trains are fast and can...most of the cities”可知,高铁可以到达大多数城市。故选B。 4.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)We’d better ________ to save water to live a green life. A.watch less TV B.take shorter showers C.recycle old clothes D.choose public transport 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们最好缩短淋浴时间来节约用水,过上绿色生活。 考查动词短语。watch less TV少看电视;take shorter showers缩短淋浴时间;recycle old clothes回收旧衣服;choose public transport选择公共交通。根据“to save water”可知,可以缩短淋浴时间来节约用水。故选B。 5.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)To have more classrooms, we’re ________ a new teaching building. A.putting up B.putting out C.putting in D.putting down 【答案】A 【详解】句意:为了增加教室数量,我们正在建造一座新的教学楼。 考查动词短语辨析。putting up建造;putting out扑灭;putting in提出;putting down放下。根据“To have more classrooms, we’re ... a new teaching building.”可知,正在建造一座新的教学楼。故选A。 6.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Come on, Alice. Don’t be so hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. We have to ________ ourselves sometimes and keep a sense of humour! A.believe in B.look after C.depend on D.laugh at 【答案】D 【详解】句意:加油,爱丽丝。不要对自己那么苛刻。每个人都会犯错误。我们有时必须自嘲并保持幽默感! 考查动词短语。believe in相信;look after照顾;depend on依靠;laugh at嘲笑。根据“keep a sense of humour”可知此处表示“嘲笑自己”,即自嘲。故选D。 7.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to ________ the chance to go to the concert. —What a pity! But we can go together next time. A.set up B.give up C.cheer up D.fix up 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这些天我忙于准备考试,不得不放弃去音乐会的机会。——太可惜了!但我们下次可以一起去。 考查动词短语。set up建立;give up放弃;cheer up(使)高兴起来;fix up修理。根据“I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to...the chance to go to the concert.”可知自己忙于考试,所以要放弃去音乐会的机会。故选B。 8.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Mr. Brown, I’ve________ ideas. I can’t go on with my writing. —Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later. A.looked back at B.run out of C.taken pride in D.come up with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——布朗先生,我没有主意了。我无法继续写作了。——放松一会儿,灵感可能稍后就来。 考查动词短语。looked back at回顾;run out of用完;taken pride in以……为傲;come up with想出。根据“I can’t go on with my writing.”可知,是用完了主意,从而无法继续写作。故选B。 9.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—I love geography and my partner is good at math. —No wonder you two ________ the best school map design. A.worked out B.looked for C.heard of D.put away 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我喜欢地理,我的搭档擅长数学。——难怪你们俩设计出了最好的学校地图。 考查动词短语。worked out想出;looked for寻找;heard of听说;put away收起来。根据“the best school map design”可知是设计出了最好的学校地图,worked out符合语境。故选A。 10.(2025·天津·中考真题)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning. A.make a list B.lay the table C.make a mistake D.go for a walk 【答案】D 【详解】句意:怀特一家喜欢锻炼,所以他们每天早上去散步。 考查动词短语。make a list列清单;lay the table摆餐具;make a mistake犯错误;go for a walk去散步,根据“The Whites like taking exercise”可知,怀特一家喜欢锻炼,故结合选项可知,散步属于锻炼。故选D。 一、单项选择 1.— Henry, where are we going to have our science project discussion? — I have no idea. Ask our monitor. He ________ know. A.may B.can C.need D.had better 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——亨利,我们要去哪里进行科学项目讨论?——我不知道。问问班长。他可能知道。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能;can能;need需要;had better最好。根据“I have no idea.”可知,说话者不确定,所以推测班长“可能”知道,表示可能性用may。故选A。 2.The sign means visitors ________ touch the ancient display items in the museum. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个标志意味着参观者禁止触摸博物馆里的古代展品。 考查情态动词。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止,不允许;wouldn’t不会;couldn’t不能。根据“ancient display items”可知,博物馆的古代展品通常禁止触摸,mustn’t 表示强烈禁止,符合句意。故选B。 3.You ________ take down everything the teacher says. Just get the main points. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.won’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你不必记下老师说的每句话,只要抓住要点就行。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;couldn’t不能;won’t不会。根据“只要抓住要点就行”可知,前句表示“不必记下所有内容”,强调不必。故选B。 4.We’ve already booked the train tickets. You ________ worry about getting seats any more. A.needn’t B.can’t C.may not D.mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们已经订好了火车票,你不必再担心没有座位了。 考查情态动词。needn’t不必;can’t不能;may not可能不;mustn’t禁止。根据“We’ve already booked the train tickets.”可知,车票已订好,因此不需要再担心座位问题,表示“不必”。故选A。 5.With the online ticket booking app, we ________ wait in long lines to buy train tickets. A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.had better not D.needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:有了网上订票应用,我们不必排长队买火车票了。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;had better not最好不要;needn’t不必。根据“With the online ticket booking app”可知,有了网上订票应用,所以“我们不必排长队买火车票了”,因此此处应该用needn’t。故选D。 6.We ________ perform a fire safety check every month according to the safety rules. A.can B.must C.may D.ought to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:根据安全规定,我们每个月必须进行一次消防安全检查。 考查情态动词辨析。can能够,表示能力;must必须,表示必要性或强制性;may可以,表示许可或可能性;ought to应该,表示责任或建议。根据“according to the safety rules”可知,按照安全规定,每月进行消防安全检查是强制性的要求,所以应该用must。故选B。 7.—I’m afraid you ________ apologize for what you said earlier if you want to stay in this club. —I’m really sorry, and I’ll make it right. A.must B.can C.may D.would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——如果你想留在这个俱乐部,恐怕你必须为之前说的话道歉。——真的很抱歉,我会改正的。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须;can能够;may可能;would将会。根据“if you want to stay in this club”可知,道歉是“必须”的条件。故选A。 8.Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A.was B.is C.has been D.will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意:润扬大桥在2005年投入使用,并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。 考查句子时态。was一般过去时;is一般现在时;has been现在完成时;will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知,此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役,应使用一般过去时。故选A。 9.My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together. A.are; They B.am; We C.are; We D.am; They 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我和我的父母都对电影感兴趣。我们经常一起去看电影。 考查be动词和人称代词。are是,用于第二人称单数和所有人称复数;am是,用于第一人称单数;They他们;We我们。第一个空,根据“My parents and I”可知,主语是复数,所以be动词用are;第二个空,根据“My parents and I”可知,此处指的是“我们”,所以用We。故选C。 10.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:主席警告说,如果我们不努力工作,我们就不会实现梦想。 考查时态。根据句子可知,“we...achieve our dreams”是一个宾语从句,“if we didn’t work hard”是由if引导的条件句,表示假设。主句的动词是过去式warned,因此宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致,使用过去时,排除A、B;另外,“不努力”会导致“无法实现梦想”,因此结果部分需用否定形式,排除C。故选D。 二、单词拼写 11.—Why are you so nervous about the exam? —Well, I (not study) much, but I don’t want to fail. 【答案】don’t study 【详解】句意:——你为什么对考试如此紧张?——嗯,我不怎么学习,但我不想不及格。根据所给词“not study”可知,句子为否定句,时态为一般现在时,“study”为实义动词,所以此处应借助助动词do;主语为“I”,所以此处应用don’t study。故填don’t study。 12.—Dear me! You broke my favourite vase! —I’m so sorry, I (not mean) it. 【答案】didn’t mean 【详解】句意:——哎呀!你打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶! ——对不起,我不是故意的。“我(刚才)不是故意的”,用一般过去时态,否定句用助动词didn’t,后跟动词原形mean。故填didn’t mean。 13.Not only my parents but also I (be) Zhong Nanshan’s fans. 【答案】am 【详解】句意:不仅我的父母,我也是钟南山的粉丝。当“not only... but also...”连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与but also后的主语保持一致。本句中but also后的主语是I,为第一人称单数,且句子陈述一般事实,为一般现在时,因此be动词应使用am。故填am。 14.Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 【答案】is 【详解】句意:和别人一起吃饭时,使用公共筷子是必要的。句中的主语是单个动名词短语“Using public chopsticks”,句子叙述事实,用一般现在时,因此be动词用is。故填is。 15.My English (be) really poor before my teacher helped me. 【答案】was 【详解】句意:在老师帮助我之前,我的英语很差。根据“helped”可知,时态是一般过去时,主语是单数名词,所以空处用was。故填was。 16.Ladies and gentlemen, we for the late departure of this flight(apology) 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】句意:女士们,先生们,飞机晚点我们深表歉意。分析句子后,此处缺少谓语动词;结合语境,表示现在反省的具体动作,需要使用一般现在时,主语是we,用动词原形;此动词两种形式apologize或apologise都可以。故填apologize/apologise。 17.The local government is planning to more jobs for young people. (creative) 【答案】create 【详解】句意:当地政府正计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。根据所给空前面的“to”可知,应该填的是动词原形,creative的动词形式是create“创造”,故填create。 18.We all look forward to the day when COVID-19 will . (appear) 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意:我们都期待着COVID-19消失的那一天。 根据空格前面的词语是will,可知要用动词原形,句中COVID-19为病毒的名称,可知我们期盼它消失,disappear消失符合题意,故填disappear。 19.The couple got (marry) in a traditional ceremony. Their relatives and friends came to send best wishes. 【答案】married 【详解】句意:这对夫妇在一场传统仪式中结婚,亲友们前来送上最好的祝福。分析句子成分可知,got为系动词,其后跟形容词或过去分词作表语,marry“结婚”为动词,需过去分词married表状态,get married“结婚”为固定搭配。故填married。 20.Why not go (skate) this afternoon? 【答案】skating 【详解】句意:今天下午为什么不去滑冰呢?go+doing是固定用法,表示去从事某种活动 ,此处表示去滑冰。故填skating。 三、完形填空 根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 One day, I was in the car with my dad. We were driving to the park 21 something scary happened. A big black car suddenly came out in front of us! My dad had to stop really 22 to avoid hitting it. The man in the black car looked very 23 . He turned around and started 24 at us. But you know what my dad did? He just smiled and waved at the angry man! I was 25 . “Dad, why are you being 26 ? That man was so mean!” I asked. My dad smiled at me and told me something I’ll never 27 . He called it “The Garbage Truck (垃圾车) Story”. “Some people,” he said, “are 28 garbage trucks. They carry lots of bad 29 inside. A garbage truck needs to 30 its garbage somewhere. These people also want to drop their bad feelings on others.” “But Daddy, what should we do when we meet these ‘garbage truck people?’ ” I asked. “It’s 31 , sweetheart. When you see someone trying to give you their ‘garbage’, just smile, wave, and walk away. Don’t let their garbage become 32 .” Since that 33 , I started watching for “garbage trucks”. When I see someone getting angry or trying to be mean, I remember my dad’s 34 . I just smile, wave, and walk away. I’m so happy my dad 35 me this. Now I know how to stay happy, even when I meet angry people! 21.A.when B.if C.until 22.A.quietly B.fast C.carefully 23.A.afraid B.angry C.brave 24.A.shouting B.waving C.talking 25.A.sad B.excited C.surprised 26.A.nice B.silly C.strange 27.A.learn B.know C.forget 28.A.with B.like C.from 29.A.feelings B.experiences C.opinions 30.A.move B.drop C.keep 31.A.simple B.impossible C.difficult 32.A.ours B.theirs C.yours 33.A.year B.hour C.day 34.A.faces B.words C.eyes 35.A.gave B.taught C.showed 【答案】21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.B 31.A 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.B 【导语】本文讲述作者和父亲开车途中遇突发状况,父亲以宽容态度化解冲突,并教作者“垃圾车法则”以保持快乐心境的故事。 21.句意:我们正开车去公园,这时可怕的事情发生了。 when当……的时候;if如果;until直到。根据“We were driving to the park...something scary happened.”结合原文语境可知,此处指正在做某事时突然发生另一件事,when引导时间状语从句,故选A。 22.句意:我爸爸不得不快速刹车以免撞到它。 quietly安静地;fast快速地;carefully小心地。根据“A big black car suddenly came out in front of us!”可知,为避免碰撞需要快速停车,故选B。 23.句意:那辆黑色汽车里的男人看起来很生气。 afraid害怕的;angry生气的;brave勇敢的。根据后文“He just smiled and waved at the angry man!”可知,这个男人的状态是生气的,故选B。 24.句意:他转过身来开始对我们大喊大叫。 shouting大喊大叫;waving挥手;talking交谈。根据“He just smiled and waved at the angry man!”可知这个男人的状态是生气,人生气时容易大喊大叫,故选A。 25.句意:我很惊讶。 sad难过的;excited兴奋的;surprised惊讶的。根据“He turned around and started...at us.”和“He just smiled and waved at the angry man!”可知前文男人大喊而爸爸却微笑挥手,这样的反差行为,作者会产生惊讶的情绪,故选C。 26.句意:爸爸,你为什么要这么好? nice友好的,好的;silly愚蠢的;strange奇怪的。根据前文爸爸微笑挥手的友好行为以及“That man was so mean!”可知,作者疑惑爸爸为何对粗鲁的人如此友好,故选A。 27.句意:爸爸对我笑了笑,告诉了我一些我永远不会忘记的事情。 learn学习;know知道;forget忘记。根据后文“Since that...I started watching for ‘garbage trucks’.”可知,作者一直铭记爸爸的话,此处指不会忘记,故选C。 28.句意:有些人就像垃圾车。 with和……一起;like像;from从。根据“are...garbage trucks.”及后文对垃圾车的比喻描述,结合“He called it ‘The Garbage Truck Story’.”可知,此处是把人比作垃圾车,故选B。 29.句意:他们心里装着很多糟糕的情绪。 feelings情绪;experiences经历;opinions观点。根据后文“These people also want to drop their bad feelings on others.”可知,此处指糟糕的情绪,故选A。 30.句意:垃圾车需要找个地方倒掉垃圾。 move移动;drop丢弃,倒掉;keep保持。根据后文“These people also want to drop their bad feelings on others.”的对应表述可知,此处指倒掉垃圾,故选B。 31.句意:这很简单,亲爱的。 simple简单的;impossible不可能的;difficult困难的。根据后文爸爸给出的“just smile, wave, and walk away”的具体做法可知,应对的方法很简单,故选A。 32.句意:不要让他们的垃圾变成你的。 ours我们的;theirs他们的;yours你(们)的。根据“When you see someone trying to give you their ‘garbage’, just smile, wave, and walk away. Don’t let their garbage become...”可知,此处指不要让别人的坏情绪影响到自己,前句主语是you,此处指“你的”,故选C。 33.句意:从那天起,我开始留意“垃圾车”。 year年;hour小时;day天。根据前文“One day, I was in the car with my dad.”可知,事件发生在某一天,此处指从那天开始,故选C。 34.句意:当我看到有人生气或试图刻薄时,我就会想起爸爸的话。 faces脸;words话语;eyes眼睛。根据前文爸爸告诉作者的“垃圾车法则”的相关内容可知,是想起爸爸的话语,故选B。 35.句意:我很高兴爸爸教了我这个道理。 gave给;taught教;showed展示。根据前文爸爸给作者讲述并传授“垃圾车法则”的道理可知,是爸爸教给作者的,故选B。 四、短文填空 阅读下面材料,按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空,每空不超过两个单词。 To me, music is food and water. I can’t live without it. I know this is not true for everyone. Many people 36 don’t go to concerts or listen to music recordings can still get along quite well. 37 fact, music is everywhere in our life. For example, when you watch films or TV shows, do you find them 38 (interest) if there is no music? No, you would find them boring. And when you 39 (wait) for the train or the plane, you would like a piece of music because it makes the time seem 40 (short). It is true that music is everywhere in 41 (we) lives. Some people like to sit by the sea and listen to the sound of the water. Some enjoy 42 (listen) to the singing of the birds. Those sounds are some 43 (kind) of music. So music has meaning for everyone in some way or other. Of course, it 44 (real) has special meaning for people like me. We spend our life playing and writing music. Someone said, “Through music, a child goes into a world of beauty, learns 45 (take) care of others and makes his mind and his body strong.” Music is 46 important part of our lives. 【答案】36.who/that 37.In 38.interesting 39.are waiting 40.shorter 41.our 42.listening 43.kinds 44.really 45.to take 46.an 【导语】本文围绕音乐展开,讲述了音乐对不同人的意义。 36.句意:许多不去听音乐会或不听唱片的人仍然可以过得很好。根据“Many people...don’t go to concerts or listen to music recordings”可知,此处指不去听音乐会或不听音乐唱片的人,此处使用who/that引导定语从句,修饰先行词people。故填who/that。 37.句意:事实上,音乐在我们的生活中无处不在。根据“...fact, music is everywhere in our lives.”可知,此处指事实上,in fact“事实上”,固定短语,句首首字母大写。故填In。 38.句意:例如,当你看电影或电视剧时,如果没有音乐,你会觉得它们有趣吗?根据“do you find them...if there is no music”可知,此处使用形容词作宾语补足语,interest的形容词为interesting“有趣的”,修饰物。故填interesting。 39.句意:当你在等火车或飞机的时候,你会想要一段音乐,因为它让时间看起来更短。时态为现在进行时,表示“正在等”火车或飞机的时候,主语是you,be动词用are。结构为are+动词现在分词形式,故填are waiting。 40.句意:当你在等火车或飞机的时候,你会想要一段音乐,因为它让时间看起来更短。根据“because it makes the time seem...”可知,此处指让时间看起来更短,使用形容词比较级shorter“更短的”。故填shorter。 41.句意:的确,音乐在我们的生活中无处不在。根据“in...lives.”可知,此处使用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”,修饰名词 lives。故填our。 42.句意:有些人喜欢听鸟儿的歌唱。根据“Some enjoy...to the singing of the birds.”可知,此处指喜欢听鸟儿的歌唱,enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”,listen的动名词为listening。故填listening。 43.句意:那些声音是某些种类的音乐。根据“Those sounds are some...of music.”可知,此处指那些声音是某种音乐,some后接可数名词复数,kind的复数为kinds。故填kinds。 44.句意:当然,它对像我这样的人来说确实有特殊的意义。根据“it...has special meaning for people like me”可知,此处指确实有特殊的意义,使用副词really“确实,真正地”,修饰动词has。故填really。 45.句意:通过音乐,一个孩子进入一个美丽的世界,学会照顾别人,使他的思想和身体强壮。根据“learns...care of others”可知,此处指学会照顾别人,learn to do sth.“学会做某事”。故填to take。 46.句意:音乐是我们生活中重要的一部分。根据“Music is...important part of our lives”可知,此处指音乐是我们生活中重要的一部分,此处表示泛指,important以元音音素开头,使用不定冠词an。故填an。 五、选词填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺,意思完整,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 better, to, one, pride, suddenly, no, but, be, poem, I, instrument Zhou Shen is a singer with a magical voice. He can sing different kinds of songs. However, compared with other singers, he is much 47 at bringing traditional Chinese ideas into pop music. He helps lots of people fall in love with Guofeng music. In his song Silver Linings (光亮), Zhou sings some lyrics in the Beijing Opera style. In Painting Silk, people can hear sounds from the Chinese musical 48 xiao. Some popular songs have Internet buzzwords (流行语) in their lyrics. But Zhou’s songs are different. “These ancient 49 and songs are very Chinese.” Zhou told China Daily. “When our lives are full of buzzwords, people may 50 feel moved when hearing an ancient poem. Many great poems 51 written by the ancient Chinese thousands of years ago. Their works were simple in words 52 rich in meaning. They are really our national 53 .” In Zhou Shen’s eyes, music can be used 54 spread culture and tell China’s stories. “When I was studying abroad, my teachers listened to my song for the 55 time and praised me. They felt that Chinese music is so beautiful. They were interested in Chinese culture. And they really liked 56 song using the Chinese opera style.” Zhou also said that Guofeng music is a bridge between the modern and the classic. “We always say art has 57 boundaries (边界). It’s the same with music,”he said. 【答案】47.better 48.instrument 49.poems 50.suddenly 51.were 52.but 53.pride 54.to 55.first 56.my 57.no 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了歌手周深如何将中国传统元素融入现代流行音乐,从而推广国风音乐和传播中国文化。 47.句意:然而,与其他歌手相比,他更擅长将中国传统元素融入流行音乐。空格位于much后,且紧随“compared with other singers”,应用比较级;be good at“擅长于”,选用good的比较级better。故填better。 48.句意:在《画绢》中,人们可以听到中国乐器箫的声音。空格位于形容词musical后,且xiao(箫)是一种具体的乐器,应填表示类别的单数名词,选用instrument“乐器”。故填instrument。 49.句意:这些古老的诗歌和歌曲非常具有中国特色。空格与后面的songs并列,作句子主语,且由these修饰,应用复数形式,选用poem“诗歌”的复数形式poems。故填poems。 50.句意:当我们的生活充满流行语时,人们听到一首古诗时可能会突然被感动。空格位于情态动词may和动词feel之间,应用副词修饰动词feel,选用sudden的副词形式suddenly“突然地”。故填suddenly。 51.句意:许多伟大的诗歌是几千年前由中国古代诗人写成的。句子主语Many great poems是复数,且描述过去的被动动作,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“were+过去分词”,选用be动词的复数过去式were。故填were。 52.句意:它们的作品言辞简洁但意义丰富。空格连接两个并列的形容词短语“simple in words”和“rich in meaning”,两者为转折关系,选用连词but“但是”。故填but。 53.句意:它们确实是我们民族的骄傲。空格位于形容词性物主代词our和名词所有格national后,应填名词;our national pride意为“我们民族的骄傲”,选用pride“骄傲”。故填pride。 54.句意:在周深看来,音乐可以用来传播文化和讲述中国故事。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”,不定式表目的;空格后spread为动词原形,选用to构成不定式。故填to。 55.句意:当我在国外学习时,我的老师们第一次听我的歌就表扬了我。for the first time“第一次”,选用first。故填first。 56.句意:他们真的很喜欢我那一首运用了中国戏曲风格的歌曲。空格位于名词song前,应用形容词性物主代词修饰;根据上文“my song”,选用I的形容词性物主代词my。故填my。 57.句意:我们常说艺术没有边界。空格位于名词boundaries前,应用形容词修饰名词;结合“音乐也是如此”的语境,选用no“没有”,表示否定。故填no。 1 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第03讲 动词分类和动词短语(复习讲义)(新疆专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
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