内容正文:
专题02 非谓语动词
目 录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 时空导航·网络构建 3
03 题型通关·靶向突破 4
核心概念与区别 4
考点一 不定式 4
考点二 动名词 8
考点三 分词 12
考点四 易混点辨析 16
04 优题精选·练能提分 16
考查形式
2025年
2024年
考情剖析
短文填空、选词填空
动词不定式作目的状语、动名词作介词宾语、现在分词作定语
动词不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语、过去分词作定语
考情分析
1. 动词不定式
作宾语:常见于“want to do, decide to do, plan to do”等结构
2024年选词填空:They want to learn more about Xinjiang.(作宾语)
作目的状语:表示动作的目的
2025年短文填空:He came up with an idea to solve the problem.(作目的状语)
作宾语补足语:常用于“ask/tell/want sb to do”结构
2024年短文填空:It takes me one week to finish a crochet artwork.(形式主语it后的不定式)
2. 动名词
作介词宾语:介词后接动名词
2025年选词填空:Thanks to the development of technology.(介词to + 名词,但动名词结构隐含)
作主语或宾语:表示一般性、习惯性动作
常见结构:enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing等
3. 分词(现在分词/过去分词)
作定语:修饰名词,表示状态或性质
2024年短文填空:a smiling face(现在分词作定语)
2025年短文填空:baked foods(过去分词作定语)
作状语:表示伴随、原因等(中考较少直接考查)
命题预测
语境化考查:不单独考查非谓语动词的形式,而是将其融入语篇中,要求根据句意和结构判断。
固定搭配高频出现:尤其是“want to do, plan to do, enjoy doing, finish doing”等常见动词搭配。
与谓语动词对比考查:在同一语篇中交替出现谓语动词和非谓语动词,考查学生对句子结构的辨识能力。
强调实用性:考查内容多与学生学习、生活相关,如“learn to do, decide to do, keep doing”等。
分词考查偏重定语功能:现在分词和过去分词主要考查其作定语修饰名词的用法。。
核心概念与区别
1. 什么是非谓语动词?
谓语动词:在句子中作谓语,有人称、数和时态变化。
非谓语动词:在句子中不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但保留动词的某些特征(可带宾语、状语等)。
2. 三种非谓语动词形式对比:
形式
基本结构
主要功能
示例
不定式
to do
表目的、将来、具体动作
I want to go home.
动名词
doing
表一般性、习惯性动作
I enjoy reading.
分词
doing(现在) / done(过去)
作定语、状语、补语
The running boy(定语)
The boy running on the playground(定语)
考点一 不定式
一、构成与形式
基本构成:to + 动词原形(to为不定式符号,无词义;有时可省略to)
否定形式:not (to) do / never (to) do
语法性质:属非谓语动词形式,不能独立作谓语,无人称、数、时态变化,可带宾语或逻辑主语。
例句对比
肯定式:Tell the children to eat healthy food.
否定式:Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food.
二、句法功能与用法详解
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
1. 直接置于句首,谓语用单数
2. 常用 it 作形式主语,不定式后置
- It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do
(描述人用 of;描述动作用 for)
- It is + n. + to do
- It takes sb. + 时间 + to do
To swim here is dangerous.
It’s kind of you to help me.
It’s dangerous for you to drive so fast.
It took her 2 hours to cook dinner.
表语
位于系动词后,常可与主语互换位置
My job is to clean the hall.
Her plan is to travel around China.
宾语
1. 只能接在特定动词后(见下方【常接不定式作宾语的动词】)
2. 在 find / think 后常用 it 作形式宾语
3. 可与疑问词连用 (what/how/when/where…+ to do)
I want to buy a computer.
I find it easy to read English.
He didn’t know where to go.
宾语补足语
1. 接在 tell, ask, allow, advise, encourage 等动词后
2. 使役/感官动词后省略 to(被动还原 to)
口诀:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(see, watch, notice, observe)
3. help 后可带 to 也可省略
She asked me to speak English.
I saw him cross the road.
He was made to work all night.
She helps me (to) practice English.
定语
1. 后置修饰名词/代词,常为动宾关系
2. 不及物动词须加适当介词
3. 修饰 something, anything, nothing 时,顺序为:不定代词 + 形容词 + 不定式
I have work to do.
There is a chair to sit on.
I had something cold to drink.
状语
1. 目的状语(可置于句首或句尾)
2. 结果状语:too…to…, enough to…, only to do…
3. 原因状语:接在情感形容词 (glad, sorry, surprised 等) 后
He worked hard to earn money.(目的)
He is too tired to walk.(结果)
I’m sorry to trouble you.(原因)
独立成分
独立于句子之外,表示说话者态度、语气等固定短语
To tell you the truth, I don’t want to include you.
To be honest, I was nervous.
.三、特殊结构与易错点
1. 只能接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)
afford, agree, aim, ask, beg, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish
would like/love to, be willing to, be ready to, be supposed to, happen to
助记口诀:决心学会有希望,同意计划莫假装,胆敢拒绝会失败,准备设法来帮忙,提供请求负担起,答应安排理应当。
情况
示例
使役/感官动词后作宾补(被动还原 to)
I heard her sing. → She was heard to sing.
help 后(可省可不省)
Help me (to) carry this bag.
Why (not)…? 句型
Why not go for a walk?
but/except 前有 do 则省略 to
They did nothing but play games.
并列不定式,第二个起可省 to
She plans to go shopping and (to) buy gifts.
主语含实义动词 do,作表语的不定式可省 to
What I can do is (to) wait.
3. 重要句型
It is + adj. + for sb. + to do (形容词描述动作)
It is + adj. + of sb. + to do (形容词描述人的品质)
It is + n. + to do
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do
find/think it + adj. + to do
疑问词 (what/how/when/where…) + to do
四、注意要点
不定式作定语时,若与所修饰词为动宾关系且动词为不及物,需加适当介词(如:a room to live in)。
不定式修饰 time, place, way 等抽象名词时,介词可省略(如:a place to live (in))。
“too…to…” 表示否定结果,“enough to…” 表示肯定结果。
不定式的逻辑主语可通过 for sb. 或 of sb. 引出。
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)We both agreed (write) about the changes in Taihu New City.
【答案】to write
【详解】句意:我们都同意写太湖新城的变化。agree to do sth“同意做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语。故填to write。
2.(2025·西藏·中考真题) (remember) the sweet time of school life, students like taking photos with classmates.
【答案】To remember
【详解】句意:为了铭记学校生活的美好时光,学生们喜欢和同学们拍照。分析句子结构,句中“like”为谓语动词,因此这里应用非谓语动词;从句子逻辑来看,“学生们喜欢和同学们拍照”的目的是“纪念学校生活的美好时光”,此处需要用动词不定式来表示目的,句首单词,首字母要大写。故填To remember。
3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Students are asked (do) this task by themselves.
【答案】to do
【详解】句意:学生被要求自己完成这项任务。be asked to do sth“被要求做某事”,空处应填不定式作主语的补足语。故填to do。
4.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What is your plan for the weekend?
—I plan (read) the book Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》).
【答案】to read
【详解】句意:——你周末有什么计划?——我打算读《红星照耀中国》这本书。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故填to read。
5.(2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题)He went to Lanzhou to (visit) Zhongshan Bridge.
【答案】visit
【详解】句意:他去兰州参观中山桥。visit“参观”,动词。他去兰州的目的是参观中山桥,此处用动词不定式表目的,故visit用其原形。故填visit。
6.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project.
【答案】to finish
【详解】句意:为了完成这个科学项目,孩子们在实验室里做了很多研究。finish“完成”,动词。此处指孩子们做很多研究的目的是为了完成科学项目,应用动词不定式表目的。故填to finish。
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it (take) up all of your time.
【答案】 take
【详解】句意:互联网可以是一个有用的工具,但不要让它占用你所有的时间。let...do sth“让……做某事”,此处用省略to的不定式,故填take。
8.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)Our government has taken action (make) life in the countryside better.
【答案】to make
【详解】句意:我们的政府已采取行动改善农村生活。“take action”的目的是“make life in the countryside better”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to make。
9.(2023·西藏·中考真题)The spirit of Lei Feng tells us (help) people in need.
【答案】to help
【详解】句意:雷锋精神告诉我们要帮助有需要的人。tell sb to do sth“告诉某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾补,句子表示肯定含义,故填to help。
10.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)The firemen had no choice but (break) the window.
【答案】to break
【详解】句意:消防队员别无选择,只能打碎窗户。break“打破”,动词。have no choice but to do sth.“除了做某事别无选择”,故用动词不定式。故填to break
考点二 动名词
一、构成与形式
基本构成:动词原形 + ing
否定形式:not doing
语法性质:具有名词性质(可在句中作主语、宾语等),同时保留动词性质(可带宾语或状语)。
例句对比
肯定式:Sleeping is good for our health.
否定式:I’m sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.
二、句法功能与用法详解
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
1. 直接作主语,谓语动词用单数
2. 可用 it 作形式主语(常见于 It is no use/good/point/fun/waste of time... doing 句型)
Reading aloud is very helpful.
It’s useless arguing with him.
It is no good staying up late every day.
表语
说明主语内容或性质,常可与主语互换位置(即“主表互换”)
His job is teaching English.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
宾语
1. 作动词宾语:接在特定动词后(见下方【常接动名词作宾语的动词】)
2. 作介词宾语:注意某些短语中的 to 是介词
3. 复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词
I enjoy playing basketball.
We are thinking of making a new plan.
Do you mind my opening the window?
定语
前置修饰名词,表示用途、功能或类别(通常不表示动作进行)
swimming pool(游泳池)
reading room(阅览室)
walking stick(手杖)
宾语补足语
接在感官动词(see, hear, watch…)或某些使役动词后,表示动作正在进行或持续状态(注意:与现在分词作宾补有时意义相近)
I watched them playing volleyball.
I heard her singing in the next room.
.三、常接动名词作宾语的动词与短语
1. 常用动词(口诀助记)
完成练习值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep (on), be/get used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
拓展常见动词:
avoid, admit, imagine, risk, allow, permit, delay, deny, escape, appreciate, dislike, resist 等。
2. 常接动名词的介词短语(注意 to 为介词)
be interested in / be proud of / be good at
look forward to / pay attention to / stick to
devote oneself to / make contributions to
prefer…to… / object to / be/get used to
四、既可接动名词也可接不定式的动词辨析
1. 意义基本相同(可互换)
like / love / hate / prefer + doing / to do
begin / start + doing / to do
continue + doing / to do
2. 意义明显不同(需重点区分)
动词
+doing(已做/正在做)
+todo(将做/目的)
stop
停止做某事(原动作)
停下来去做另一件事
try
尝试做(试验性质)
努力/设法去做
remember
记得做过(已发生)
记得要去做(未发生)
forget
忘记做过(已发生)
忘记要去做(未发生)
regret
后悔做过(已发生)
遗憾要去做(未发生)
mean
意味着(= involve)
打算/意图(= intend)
go on
继续做同一件事
接着做另一件事
can’t help
情不自禁做
不能帮忙做
3. 特殊结构
need / want / require + doing = need / want / require + to be done(主语为物,表被动)
例:The floor needs cleaning / to be cleaned.
be used to + doing(习惯于…) vs used to + do(过去常常…)
五、动名词与不定式作主语的比较
动名词作主语
不定式作主语
表示一般性、习惯性、抽象的动作
(长期、多次行为)
表示具体某一次、将来的动作
(特定、一次性行为)
Swimming is good for health.
(泛指“游泳”这项运动)
To swim here is dangerous.
(特指“在这里游泳”)
常见于格言、谚语或普遍真理
常用于表达特定目的或结果
六、易错提醒与注意事项
作定语的区别:
动名词定语:表示用途(a sleeping car 卧铺车厢)
现在分词定语:表示动作或状态(a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子)
动名词的复合结构:
正式语体:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + doing(Do you mind my smoking?)
口语中:代词宾格/名词普通格 + doing 也常见(Do you mind me smoking?)
固定句型:
It is no use/no good/worth… + doing
There is no + doing(不可能…)
例:There is no knowing what will happen.(无法知道会发生什么。)
主动形式表被动意义:
be worth doing
need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done
1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Millie enjoys singing and (read). These hobbies make her life colourful.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:Millie喜欢唱歌和阅读。这些爱好使她的生活丰富多彩。空处应用动名词与singing并列,作enjoys的宾语。故填reading。
2.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Keep studying hard in the future because (learn) is a lifelong journey.
【答案】learning
【详解】句意:在未来继续努力学习,因为学习是一个终生的旅程。根据“because...is a lifelong journey”可知,此句是原因状语从句,该从句缺少主语;应用所给单词的动名词形式“learning”作从句的主语。故填learning。
3.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)The students should focus on (listen) to the teacher in class.
【答案】listening
【详解】句意:学生应该专注于在课堂上听老师讲课。listen是动词,空前是介词,应用动名词作宾语。故填listening。
4.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Fan Jinshi first journeyed to Dunhuang in 1963, shortly after (graduate) from university.
【答案】graduating
【详解】句意:樊锦诗在1963年首次前往敦煌,那是在她大学毕业不久之后。此处作介词after的宾语,用动名词graduating“毕业”。故填graduating。
5.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)I pay attention to (listen) to the teacher in class.
【答案】listening
【详解】句意:我在课堂上专注于听老师讲课。pay attention to意为“注意”,其中to为介词,故此处应填动名词listening。故填listening。
6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and (sing).
【答案】singing
【详解】句意:我姐姐有很多爱好,比如跳舞和唱歌。and前后的动词形式一致,故此处用动名词singing“唱歌”,作宾语。故填singing。
7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)My grandparents enjoy (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning.
【答案】practicing
【详解】句意:我的祖父母喜欢每天早上在院子里练太极。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”,动名词作宾语,故填practicing。
8.(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth (read) or not.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:书评常常能告诉我一本书是否值得一读。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,动名词作宾语,故填reading。
9.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really? I look forward to (attend) it.
【答案】attending
【详解】句意:——王教授明天将给我们讲淮安的历史。——真的吗?我期待着参加。attend“参加”,look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”。故填attending。
10.(2023·黑龙江·中考真题)When we learn English, we must pay attention to (pronounce) the words correctly.
【答案】pronouncing
【详解】句意:当我们学习英语时,我们一定要注意单词正确的发音。pay attention to doing sth“注意做某事”,to是介词,其后接动名词作宾语。故填pronouncing。
考点三 分词
一、构成与分类
1. 基本构成
现在分词:动词原形 + ing
过去分词:动词原形 + ed(规则变化)或不规则形式
否定形式:not + 分词
2. 分词的性质
兼具形容词(可作定语、表语、补语等)和动词(可带宾语、状语,有时态语态变化)的性质。
二、现在分词与过去分词的核心区别
现在分词 (doing)
过去分词 (done)
语态
主动 (逻辑主语执行动作)
被动 (逻辑主语承受动作)
时间
进行 (动作正在进行或未完成)
完成 (动作已完成或已发生)
典型例子
a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)
a developing country(发展中国家)
a broken window(被打破的窗户)
a developed country(发达国家)
注意:部分不及物动词的过去分词只表完成,不表被动(如:a risen sun 已升起的太阳;fallen leaves 落叶)。
三、句法功能与用法详解
1. 作定语
类型
位置
用法说明
例句
单个分词
名词前
直接修饰名词,说明特征或状态
a smiling face
baked foods
分词短语
名词后
相当于一个定语从句,需后置
The boy standing under the tree is my brother.
The book written by Lu Xun is worth reading.
2. 作表语
现在分词作表语:说明主语本身的性质或特征(常译为“令人…的”),主语多为事物。
The news is exciting.(这消息令人兴奋。)
His job is interesting.
过去分词作表语:说明主语所处的状态或感受(常译为“感到…的”),主语多为人或与人相关。
I’m interested in the book.(我对这本书感兴趣。)
She looked annoyed.
【易错点】形容词化的分词作表语辨析
现在分词(主动意义) 过去分词(被动意义)
exciting(令人兴奋的) excited(感到兴奋的)
frightening(吓人的) frightened(受惊吓的)
disappointing(令人失望的) disappointed(感到失望的)
interesting(有趣的) interested(感兴趣的)
moving(令人感动的) moved(受感动的)
tiring(令人疲劳的) tired(感到疲劳的)
3. 作宾语补足语
逻辑关系
含义
例句
现在分词
宾语是动作的执行者(主动关系)
表示动作正在进行或持续
I saw him playing basketball.
I heard her singing in the next room.
过去分词
宾语是动作的承受者(被动关系)
表示动作已完成或被动状态
I had my hair cut yesterday.
I heard the song sung several times.
【辨析】现在分词 vs. 不定式作宾补
结构 含义
see/hear/watch… + doing 动作正在进行(片段)
see/hear/watch… + do 动作全过程完成(经常性或已发生)
例句:I saw him going upstairs.(正在上楼)I saw him go upstairs.(上完楼了)
4. 作状语
分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
分词类型
常见状语类型
含义与转换
例句
现在分词
时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式等(主动关系)
相当于状语从句(主语主动执行)
Seeing the teacher, the students stopped talking.(时间)
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、伴随等(被动关系)
相当于被动语态的状语从句
Given more time, I can do it better.(条件)
Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.(时间/条件)
【特殊结构】
“连词 (when/while/if/though…) + 分词” 结构(从句主语与主句一致且含be动词时,可省略主语和be):
When treated with kindness, he was lovely.(= When he was treated…)
While reading the novel, I heard the phone ring.
5. 分词的时态与语态形式
时态语态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一般式:分词动作与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking down the street, he heard someone call him.
完成式:分词动作发生在谓语动作之前(通常作原因或时间状语)。
Having spent all our money, we couldn’t afford a hotel.(原因)
Having waited an hour, he realized he forgot his wallet.
四、易混结构辨析
1. have 的相关结构
结构
含义
例句
have sb. do sth.
让某人做某事(强调使令或一次性动作)
The teacher had him stand up.
have sb./sth. doing sth.
让某人/物一直做某事(强调持续状态)
He had the light burning all night.
have sth. done
让某事被做(请别人做;主语不执行)
I had my car washed.(我让人洗了车)
2. 分词作定语 vs. 动名词作定语
类型
功能
例子与解析
现在分词定语
表示被修饰名词 正在进行的动作 或 状态(主谓关系)
a sleeping child(一个正睡觉的孩子)
动名词定语
表示被修饰名词的 用途或功能(无进行意义)
a sleeping car(卧铺车厢)
过去分词定语
表示被修饰名词 已完成的被动动作 或 状态
baked bread(烤好的面包)
1.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)Nowadays, more and more customers prefer buying products (make) in China.
【答案】made
【详解】句意:如今,越来越多的消费者倾向于购买中国制造的产品。此处作“products”的后置定语,用动词过去分词,故填made。
2.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)Teenagers should be allowed to get their ears (pierce).
【答案】pierced
【详解】句意:青少年应该被允许打耳洞。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词,此处ears和pierce之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词作宾补。故填pierced。
3.(2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测)There must be something (visit) the homes in our neighborhood.
【答案】visiting
【详解】句意:一定有什么东西在造访我们社区的家。该句是there be句型,there be结构后面如果有动词,只能用非谓语形式:动词ing形式(主动关系)或动词ed形式(被动关系)。因为something与visit之间是主动关系,所以应用visiting。故填visiting。
4.(2023·西藏日喀则·二模)When I passed by I saw some boys (play) basketball in the park.
【答案】playing
【详解】句意:当我经过的时候,我看到一些男孩在公园里打篮球。根据“When I passed by I saw some boys… basketball”可知,经过的时候看到男孩正在打篮球,see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”,此空应填现在分词作宾补,故填playing。
5.(2023·江苏无锡·二模) (watch) herself in the mirror, the queen thought she was the most beautiful lady in the world.
【答案】Watching
【详解】句意:看着镜子里的自己,王后觉得自己是世界上最美丽的女人。主语“the queen”和动词watch之间是主动关系,此处使用动词现在分词作时间状语,相当于when或while引导的时间状语从句。故填Watching。
6.(2023·江苏淮安·一模)The old man walked slowly to his home, (carry) a large bag in his back.
【答案】carrying
【详解】句意:老人背着一个大袋子,慢慢地走回家。carry“背”,动词,分析题干可知句子已有谓语动词walked,且“背”的动作是和“走”的动作伴随进行的,此处应用现在分词作状语。故填carrying。
7.(2023·内蒙古包头·三模)With less than ten minutes , the students found it difficult to finish the writing on time. (leave)
【答案】left
【详解】句意:还剩不到十分钟,学生们发现很难按时完成写作。leave“留下,剩余”,根据“With less than ten minutes…”可判断此处是with的复合结构,应用leave的过去分词作宾补。故填left。
8.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—You look upset. What’s the matter?
—I had my invitation (refuse) again.
【答案】refused
【详解】句意:——你看起来很沮丧。怎么了?——我的邀请又被拒绝了。此处是have sth done“让……被做”,所以动词用过去分词。故填refused。
9.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—Have you heard the news?
—Yes. The school broadcasting station announced that our school had put the money (raise) by them to good use to buy new instruments for kids.
【答案】raised
【详解】句意:——你听到这个消息了吗?——是的。学校广播电台宣布,我们学校已经很好地利用了他们筹集的资金为孩子们购买新乐器。句中已有谓语动词put,此处作非谓语,且money与raise“筹集”之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词作定语。故填raised。
10.(2023·甘肃白银·一模)Mary’s computer was broken. So she had it (repair) yesterday.
【答案】repaired
【详解】句意:玛丽的电脑坏了,所以昨天她拿去修了。短语have sth done表示“让某事被做”,应用过去分词形式。故填repaired。
考点四 易混点辨析
1. 接不定式 vs 接动名词意义不同:
动词
+ to do
+ doing
forget
忘记要做(未做)
忘记做过(已做)
remember
记得要做
记得做过
stop
停下来去做另一件事
停止做某事
try
努力尝试
试着做(试验)
regret
遗憾要做
后悔做过
真题示例:
He forgot to close the window.(忘记关窗,没关)
He forgot closing the window.(忘记关过窗,实际关了)
2. 分词作定语的位置:
单个分词 → 名词前:a running boy
分词短语 → 名词后:the boy running on the playground
3. 使役/感官动词后的非谓语:
不定式(省略to):see/hear/watch sb do(看/听/观察到全过程)
现在分词:see/hear/watch sb doing(看/听/观察到正在进行的动作)
一、单词拼写
1.He finds it easier to information by turning it into a song. (memory)
【答案】memorize
【详解】句意:他发现通过把信息编成歌曲更容易记住它。memory“记忆”,名词;此处是动词不定式作宾语,表示“记住”,需用动词形式memorize。故填memorize。
2.You look so nice in both dresses that I wouldn’t know which one (advice) you to buy.
【答案】to advise
【详解】句意:你穿这两件衣服都很好看,以至于我不知道该建议你买哪一件。advice“建议”,不可数名词;结合“which one…you to buy”及语境可知,此处应指不知道“应该建议”你买哪一件,应用“疑问词(组)+to do”作动词know的宾语,名词advice对应的动词为advise“建议”,且不定式后应用动词原形。故填to advise。
3.He prefers (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends.
【答案】to stay
【详解】句意:在周末,他宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。stay“待,停留”,动词;固定搭配“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”,意为“宁愿做某事也不愿做另一件事”。故填to stay。
4.Helping others (make) me feel happy.
【答案】makes
【详解】句意:帮助他人让我感到快乐。此处描述事实,用一般现在时,句子主语“Helping others”是动名词短语,表示单数概念,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
5.The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day.
【答案】playing
【详解】句意:年轻人应该做些有意义的事,而不是整天玩手机。“instead of”意为“而不是”,为介词短语,后面应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。此处“玩手机”应为动名词形式。动词play的动名词是playing。故填 playing。
6.We can never learn to fly without (crash) a few times.
【答案】crashing
【详解】句意:不经历几次坠机,我们永远也学不会飞行。根据“without”可知,此处使用动名词作宾语,crash“坠机”,动名词为crashing。故填crashing。
7.Millie doesn’t mind (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside.
【答案】opening
【详解】句意:尽管外面很冷,米莉并不介意开窗。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”,是固定搭配,用opening。故填opening。
8.—I won’t mind (go) alone if you don’t have time.
—Thanks for your understanding. It is really very nice of you.
【答案】going
【详解】句意:——如果你没时间,我不介意独自前往。——谢谢你的理解,你人真好。
根据“I won’t mind…(go) alone if you don’t have time.”可知,这里是mind doing sth“介意做某事”,此处需填go的动名词形式going,符合语境。故填going。
9.I grew up in a modern city, so it took me a long time to get used to (live) in this small town.
【答案】living
【详解】句意:我在一个现代化的城市里长大,所以我花了很长时间才习惯在这个小镇上生活。get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动名词。故填living。
10.I like the books (write) by Lu Xun.
【答案】written
【详解】句意:我喜欢鲁迅写的那些书。根据“the books…by Lu Xun”可知,此处用过去分词作定语修饰books,write应变为过去分词形式written。故填written。
11.Listening to music is a good way (relax) after a day’s work.
【答案】to relax
【详解】句意:听音乐是一天工作之后放松的好方法。“a good way to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“做某事的好方法”,所以用动词不定式“to relax”。 故填to relax。
12.Jackie isn’t old enough (go) to school.
【答案】to go
【详解】句意:杰基还不够大,不能去上学。形容词+enough to do“足够……可以做……”,空处填动词不定式作结果状语。go“去”,动词,不定式为to go。故填to go。
13.I think (drink) milk every day is good for our health.
【答案】drinking
【详解】句意:我认为每天喝牛奶对我们的健康有益。空处到“health”的部分位于动词“think”后,为宾语从句,且空处作主语,用动名词形式。drink“喝”,动词,动名词为drinking。故填drinking。
14.When I walked past the office, I notice him____________(argue) with his boss.
【答案】arguing
【详解】分析句意:当我路过邮局的时候,我注意到他和他的老板在吵架。分析:考查固定短语:notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事。故填:arguing
考点:单词拼写。
15._______________ (keep) slim, you should change your diet and lifestyle.
【答案】to keep
【详解】句意:为了保持苗条,你应该改变你的饮食和生活习惯。保持苗条是表示目的,因此用动词不定式的形式,作目的状语。故填to keep。
16.My wife advised me to the south, but I couldn’t take her advice. (move)
【答案】to move
【详解】句意:我妻子建议我搬到南方去,但我不能接受她的建议。advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”,固定词组。故填to move。
17.Sally doesn’t have to be made (learn). She always works hard.
【答案】to learn
【详解】句意:萨莉不必被迫学习。她总是努力工作。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”,变被动时要加to,故填to learn。
18.Don’t trouble him. He is busy (repair) my broken bike.
【答案】repairing
【详解】此题重点考查单词的拼写和各种形式的运用。以及对整个语句的理解
19.Sarah is looking forward to (learn) something about Dunhuang.
【答案】learning
【详解】句意:Sarah期待着学习一些关于敦煌的知识。根据“Sarah is looking forward to...”以及备选词汇learn可知,此处考查look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”,其中to为介词,后接动名词形式。因此,应将learn变为learning。故填learning。
20.Everyone should play a part in (protect) wild animals.
【答案】protecting
【详解】句意:每个人都应该参与保护野生动物。根据“play a part in”可知,in是介词,后面应该跟动词的ing形式,故填protecting。
二、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Customs are like hidden treasures in our daily life, making communities warm. Last summer, I visited my 21 (uncle) village. On the first morning, his neighbor, Mrs Li, brought us fresh eggs. She said that welcoming guests in this way is a tradition. Her smile and 22 (kind) made me feel at home.
The village had a special custom every autumn: cleaning old tools together. Everyone helped clean dirt off the farm tools. Kids joined in too, and they learned to care for things through taking part 23 this activity. It totally 24 (change) my idea that chores were boring.
Once, I forgot to bow 25 I greeted an elder there. Though no one blamed me, I felt a sense of regret. My uncle said it’s normal to make mistakes, but we’re expected 26 (learn) from them.
My cousin gave a 27 (suggest): “Join the evening story-telling.” So I joined 28 (they). Sitting under the stars and listening to the tales, my sadness disappeared even though I was far from home.
It is 29 (meaning) to make 30 effort to understand customs. They are not just rules but gifts from the past, and they make our lives much 31 (rich). So let’s hold these customs dear and show respect to them.
【答案】21.uncle’s 22.kindness 23.in 24.changed 25.when/as 26.to learn 27.suggestion 28.them 29.meaningful 30.an 31.richer
【导语】本文讲述作者去年夏天去叔叔的村庄,体验当地待客、清洁农具等习俗,感悟到理解习俗的意义,体会到习俗带来的温暖。
21.句意:去年夏天,我去了我叔叔的村庄。根据“I visited my...village.”可知,此处需要名词所有格修饰名词village,uncle的名词所有格是uncle’s,意为“叔叔的”。故填uncle’s。
22.句意:她的微笑和善良让我感觉像在家一样。根据and前的smile可知,此处需要名词,kind的名词形式是kindness,意为“善良”,不可数名词。故填kindness。
23.句意:孩子们也加入进来,他们通过参加这项活动学会了爱护东西。固定搭配take part in意为“参加”,此处填in。故填in。
24.句意:这完全改变了我认为家务很无聊的想法。根据上下文可知,文章讲述的是去年夏天的经历,句子用一般过去时,change的过去式是changed。故填changed。
25.句意:有一次,我在问候那里的一位长辈时忘了鞠躬。根据“I greeted an elder there”可知,此处需要连词引导时间状语从句,when或as意为“当……时”,符合语境。故填when/as。
26.句意:我叔叔说犯错很正常,但我们应该从中吸取教训。固定搭配be expected to do sth意为“应该做某事”,此处填to learn。故填to learn。
27.句意:我的堂兄提了一个建议:参加晚上的讲故事活动。根据a可知,此处需要可数名词单数,suggest的名词形式是suggestion,意为“建议”。故填suggestion。
28.句意:于是我加入了他们。join是动词,后接人称代词宾格,they的宾格形式是them。故填them。
29.句意:努力去理解习俗是很有意义的。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth意为“做某事是……的”,此处需要形容词,meaning的形容词形式是meaningful,意为“有意义的”。故填meaningful。
30.句意:努力去理解习俗是很有意义的。固定搭配make an effort意为“努力”,此处填an。故填an。
31.句意:它们不仅仅是规则,更是来自过去的礼物,它们让我们的生活变得更加丰富。根据“they make our lives much”可知,此处需要形容词比较级,rich的比较级是richer,意为“更丰富的”。故填richer。
三、选词填空
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺,意思完整,每空一词,每词限用一次。
plenty happiness grapes lies connect how also are tradition enjoy famous
Have you ever been to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region? It 32 in the northwest part of China. There are many 33 places there. Turpan, Kashgar Prefecture, Aksu and the capital city Urumqi 34 popular places. As quite a lot of minority groups (少数民族) live in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, there are some local 35 festivals. Take the Grape Festival in Turpan for example. Turpan is known for 36 . Every year, many travelers come here to celebrate the festival together. This festival is a celebration of Turpan’s most important agricultural (农业的) products. It’s also a good chance to 37 the local way of life. During the yearly Turpan Grape Festival, local people hold some singing and dancing activities to show their 38 . Besides, 39 of travelers come and visit the grape, melon and fruit streets. 40 excited travelers can feel!
The Turpan Grape Festival is 41 a special event to remember the ancient Silk Road so that people will not forget about this road. The Silk Road was not simply a trade route (路线). It also played a role in 42 the communication of trade and cultures between China and other countries. Turpan is famous as an important point of the road.
【答案】32.lies 33.famous 34.are 35.traditional 36.grapes 37.enjoy 38.happiness 39.plenty 40.How 41.also 42.connecting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新疆维吾尔自治区的著名地点、特色传统节日(以吐鲁番葡萄节为例),以及葡萄节对纪念古丝绸之路、促进中外贸易与文化交流的意义。
32.句意:它位于中国的西北部。此处缺谓语动词,主语“It”是第三人称单数,结合语境表示“位于”,备选词lie符合,其第三人称单数形式是lies。故填 lies。
33.句意:那里有很多著名的地方。空格修饰名词“places”,用形容词,结合后文列举的热门地点,可知是“著名的”,备选词famous符合语境。故填famous。
34.句意:吐鲁番、喀什地区、阿克苏以及首府乌鲁木齐都是热门地点。主语是多个地名并列,为复数,be动词用are,备选词are符合语境。故填are。
35.句意:有一些当地的传统节日。空格修饰名词 festivals,用形容词,结合 “Take the Grape Festival in Turpan for example”,可知是“传统的”,tradition的形容词形式是 traditional。故填traditional。
36.句意:吐鲁番以葡萄闻名。be known for后接名词,结合“Grape Festival”,可知是葡萄,grape为可数名词,此处用复数grapes表泛指,用复数形式。故填grapes。
37.句意:这也是享受当地生活方式的好机会。It’s a good chance to do sth.是固定句型,to后接动词原形,结合语境,“享受”当地生活方式符合,备选词enjoy符合语境。故填enjoy。
38.句意:当地人举办歌舞活动来表达他们的喜悦。空格处是“show”的宾语,用名词,结合语境,歌舞活动是表达“喜悦”,备选词happiness符合语境,为不可数名词。故填happiness。
39.句意:大量游客前来参观葡萄瓜果一条街。plenty of是固定搭配,意为“大量的”,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,符合语境。故填plenty。
40.句意:游客们多么兴奋啊!此句是感叹句,中心词是形容词“excited”,用How引导,结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”。故填How。
41.句意:吐鲁番葡萄节也是纪念古丝绸之路的特别活动。前文讲葡萄节是庆祝农产品和体验生活的机会,此处进一步说明其另一个意义,用“也”,备选词符合语境。故填also。
42.句意:它也在连接中国与其他国家的贸易和文化交流方面发挥了作用。play a role in后接动词-ing形式,结合语境是“连接”交流,connect的-ing形式是connecting。故填connecting。
1 / 18
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
专题02 非谓语动词
目 录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 时空导航·网络构建 3
03 题型通关·靶向突破 4
核心概念与区别 4
考点一 不定式 4
考点二 动名词 8
考点三 分词 12
考点四 易混点辨析 16
04 优题精选·练能提分 16
考查形式
2025年
2024年
考情剖析
短文填空、选词填空
动词不定式作目的状语、动名词作介词宾语、现在分词作定语
动词不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语、过去分词作定语
考情分析
1. 动词不定式
作宾语:常见于“want to do, decide to do, plan to do”等结构
2024年选词填空:They want to learn more about Xinjiang.(作宾语)
作目的状语:表示动作的目的
2025年短文填空:He came up with an idea to solve the problem.(作目的状语)
作宾语补足语:常用于“ask/tell/want sb to do”结构
2024年短文填空:It takes me one week to finish a crochet artwork.(形式主语it后的不定式)
2. 动名词
作介词宾语:介词后接动名词
2025年选词填空:Thanks to the development of technology.(介词to + 名词,但动名词结构隐含)
作主语或宾语:表示一般性、习惯性动作
常见结构:enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing等
3. 分词(现在分词/过去分词)
作定语:修饰名词,表示状态或性质
2024年短文填空:a smiling face(现在分词作定语)
2025年短文填空:baked foods(过去分词作定语)
作状语:表示伴随、原因等(中考较少直接考查)
命题预测
语境化考查:不单独考查非谓语动词的形式,而是将其融入语篇中,要求根据句意和结构判断。
固定搭配高频出现:尤其是“want to do, plan to do, enjoy doing, finish doing”等常见动词搭配。
与谓语动词对比考查:在同一语篇中交替出现谓语动词和非谓语动词,考查学生对句子结构的辨识能力。
强调实用性:考查内容多与学生学习、生活相关,如“learn to do, decide to do, keep doing”等。
分词考查偏重定语功能:现在分词和过去分词主要考查其作定语修饰名词的用法。。
核心概念与区别
1. 什么是非谓语动词?
谓语动词:在句子中作谓语,有人称、数和时态变化。
非谓语动词:在句子中不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但保留动词的某些特征(可带宾语、状语等)。
2. 三种非谓语动词形式对比:
形式
基本结构
主要功能
示例
不定式
to do
表目的、将来、具体动作
I want to go home.
动名词
doing
表一般性、习惯性动作
I enjoy reading.
分词
doing(现在) / done(过去)
作定语、状语、补语
The running boy(定语)
The boy running on the playground(定语)
考点一 不定式
一、构成与形式
基本构成:to + 动词原形(to为不定式符号,无词义;有时可省略to)
否定形式:not (to) do / never (to) do
语法性质:属非谓语动词形式,不能独立作谓语,无人称、数、时态变化,可带宾语或逻辑主语。
例句对比
肯定式:Tell the children to eat healthy food.
否定式:Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food.
二、句法功能与用法详解
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
1. 直接置于句首,谓语用单数
2. 常用 it 作形式主语,不定式后置
- It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do
(描述人用 of;描述动作用 for)
- It is + n. + to do
- It takes sb. + 时间 + to do
To swim here is dangerous.
It’s kind of you to help me.
It’s dangerous for you to drive so fast.
It took her 2 hours to cook dinner.
表语
位于系动词后,常可与主语互换位置
My job is to clean the hall.
Her plan is to travel around China.
宾语
1. 只能接在特定动词后(见下方【常接不定式作宾语的动词】)
2. 在 find / think 后常用 it 作形式宾语
3. 可与疑问词连用 (what/how/when/where…+ to do)
I want to buy a computer.
I find it easy to read English.
He didn’t know where to go.
宾语补足语
1. 接在 tell, ask, allow, advise, encourage 等动词后
2. 使役/感官动词后省略 to(被动还原 to)
口诀:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(see, watch, notice, observe)
3. help 后可带 to 也可省略
She asked me to speak English.
I saw him cross the road.
He was made to work all night.
She helps me (to) practice English.
定语
1. 后置修饰名词/代词,常为动宾关系
2. 不及物动词须加适当介词
3. 修饰 something, anything, nothing 时,顺序为:不定代词 + 形容词 + 不定式
I have work to do.
There is a chair to sit on.
I had something cold to drink.
状语
1. 目的状语(可置于句首或句尾)
2. 结果状语:too…to…, enough to…, only to do…
3. 原因状语:接在情感形容词 (glad, sorry, surprised 等) 后
He worked hard to earn money.(目的)
He is too tired to walk.(结果)
I’m sorry to trouble you.(原因)
独立成分
独立于句子之外,表示说话者态度、语气等固定短语
To tell you the truth, I don’t want to include you.
To be honest, I was nervous.
.三、特殊结构与易错点
1. 只能接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)
afford, agree, aim, ask, beg, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish
would like/love to, be willing to, be ready to, be supposed to, happen to
助记口诀:决心学会有希望,同意计划莫假装,胆敢拒绝会失败,准备设法来帮忙,提供请求负担起,答应安排理应当。
情况
示例
使役/感官动词后作宾补(被动还原 to)
I heard her sing. → She was heard to sing.
help 后(可省可不省)
Help me (to) carry this bag.
Why (not)…? 句型
Why not go for a walk?
but/except 前有 do 则省略 to
They did nothing but play games.
并列不定式,第二个起可省 to
She plans to go shopping and (to) buy gifts.
主语含实义动词 do,作表语的不定式可省 to
What I can do is (to) wait.
3. 重要句型
It is + adj. + for sb. + to do (形容词描述动作)
It is + adj. + of sb. + to do (形容词描述人的品质)
It is + n. + to do
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do
find/think it + adj. + to do
疑问词 (what/how/when/where…) + to do
四、注意要点
不定式作定语时,若与所修饰词为动宾关系且动词为不及物,需加适当介词(如:a room to live in)。
不定式修饰 time, place, way 等抽象名词时,介词可省略(如:a place to live (in))。
“too…to…” 表示否定结果,“enough to…” 表示肯定结果。
不定式的逻辑主语可通过 for sb. 或 of sb. 引出。
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)We both agreed (write) about the changes in Taihu New City.
2.(2025·西藏·中考真题) (remember) the sweet time of school life, students like taking photos with classmates.
3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Students are asked (do) this task by themselves.
4.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What is your plan for the weekend?
—I plan (read) the book Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》).
5.(2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题)He went to Lanzhou to (visit) Zhongshan Bridge.
6.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project.
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it (take) up all of your time.
8.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)Our government has taken action (make) life in the countryside better.
9.(2023·西藏·中考真题)The spirit of Lei Feng tells us (help) people in need.
10.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)The firemen had no choice but (break) the window.
考点二 动名词
一、构成与形式
基本构成:动词原形 + ing
否定形式:not doing
语法性质:具有名词性质(可在句中作主语、宾语等),同时保留动词性质(可带宾语或状语)。
例句对比
肯定式:Sleeping is good for our health.
否定式:I’m sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.
二、句法功能与用法详解
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
1. 直接作主语,谓语动词用单数
2. 可用 it 作形式主语(常见于 It is no use/good/point/fun/waste of time... doing 句型)
Reading aloud is very helpful.
It’s useless arguing with him.
It is no good staying up late every day.
表语
说明主语内容或性质,常可与主语互换位置(即“主表互换”)
His job is teaching English.
His hobby is collecting stamps.
宾语
1. 作动词宾语:接在特定动词后(见下方【常接动名词作宾语的动词】)
2. 作介词宾语:注意某些短语中的 to 是介词
3. 复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词
I enjoy playing basketball.
We are thinking of making a new plan.
Do you mind my opening the window?
定语
前置修饰名词,表示用途、功能或类别(通常不表示动作进行)
swimming pool(游泳池)
reading room(阅览室)
walking stick(手杖)
宾语补足语
接在感官动词(see, hear, watch…)或某些使役动词后,表示动作正在进行或持续状态(注意:与现在分词作宾补有时意义相近)
I watched them playing volleyball.
I heard her singing in the next room.
.三、常接动名词作宾语的动词与短语
1. 常用动词(口诀助记)
完成练习值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep (on), be/get used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
拓展常见动词:
avoid, admit, imagine, risk, allow, permit, delay, deny, escape, appreciate, dislike, resist 等。
2. 常接动名词的介词短语(注意 to 为介词)
be interested in / be proud of / be good at
look forward to / pay attention to / stick to
devote oneself to / make contributions to
prefer…to… / object to / be/get used to
四、既可接动名词也可接不定式的动词辨析
1. 意义基本相同(可互换)
like / love / hate / prefer + doing / to do
begin / start + doing / to do
continue + doing / to do
2. 意义明显不同(需重点区分)
动词
+doing(已做/正在做)
+todo(将做/目的)
stop
停止做某事(原动作)
停下来去做另一件事
try
尝试做(试验性质)
努力/设法去做
remember
记得做过(已发生)
记得要去做(未发生)
forget
忘记做过(已发生)
忘记要去做(未发生)
regret
后悔做过(已发生)
遗憾要去做(未发生)
mean
意味着(= involve)
打算/意图(= intend)
go on
继续做同一件事
接着做另一件事
can’t help
情不自禁做
不能帮忙做
3. 特殊结构
need / want / require + doing = need / want / require + to be done(主语为物,表被动)
例:The floor needs cleaning / to be cleaned.
be used to + doing(习惯于…) vs used to + do(过去常常…)
五、动名词与不定式作主语的比较
动名词作主语
不定式作主语
表示一般性、习惯性、抽象的动作
(长期、多次行为)
表示具体某一次、将来的动作
(特定、一次性行为)
Swimming is good for health.
(泛指“游泳”这项运动)
To swim here is dangerous.
(特指“在这里游泳”)
常见于格言、谚语或普遍真理
常用于表达特定目的或结果
六、易错提醒与注意事项
作定语的区别:
动名词定语:表示用途(a sleeping car 卧铺车厢)
现在分词定语:表示动作或状态(a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子)
动名词的复合结构:
正式语体:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + doing(Do you mind my smoking?)
口语中:代词宾格/名词普通格 + doing 也常见(Do you mind me smoking?)
固定句型:
It is no use/no good/worth… + doing
There is no + doing(不可能…)
例:There is no knowing what will happen.(无法知道会发生什么。)
主动形式表被动意义:
be worth doing
need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done
1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Millie enjoys singing and (read). These hobbies make her life colourful.
2.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Keep studying hard in the future because (learn) is a lifelong journey.
3.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)The students should focus on (listen) to the teacher in class.
4.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Fan Jinshi first journeyed to Dunhuang in 1963, shortly after (graduate) from university.
5.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)I pay attention to (listen) to the teacher in class.
6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and (sing).
7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)My grandparents enjoy (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning.
8.(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth (read) or not.
9.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really? I look forward to (attend) it.
10.(2023·黑龙江·中考真题)When we learn English, we must pay attention to (pronounce) the words correctly.
考点三 分词
一、构成与分类
1. 基本构成
现在分词:动词原形 + ing
过去分词:动词原形 + ed(规则变化)或不规则形式
否定形式:not + 分词
2. 分词的性质
兼具形容词(可作定语、表语、补语等)和动词(可带宾语、状语,有时态语态变化)的性质。
二、现在分词与过去分词的核心区别
现在分词 (doing)
过去分词 (done)
语态
主动 (逻辑主语执行动作)
被动 (逻辑主语承受动作)
时间
进行 (动作正在进行或未完成)
完成 (动作已完成或已发生)
典型例子
a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)
a developing country(发展中国家)
a broken window(被打破的窗户)
a developed country(发达国家)
注意:部分不及物动词的过去分词只表完成,不表被动(如:a risen sun 已升起的太阳;fallen leaves 落叶)。
三、句法功能与用法详解
1. 作定语
类型
位置
用法说明
例句
单个分词
名词前
直接修饰名词,说明特征或状态
a smiling face
baked foods
分词短语
名词后
相当于一个定语从句,需后置
The boy standing under the tree is my brother.
The book written by Lu Xun is worth reading.
2. 作表语
现在分词作表语:说明主语本身的性质或特征(常译为“令人…的”),主语多为事物。
The news is exciting.(这消息令人兴奋。)
His job is interesting.
过去分词作表语:说明主语所处的状态或感受(常译为“感到…的”),主语多为人或与人相关。
I’m interested in the book.(我对这本书感兴趣。)
She looked annoyed.
【易错点】形容词化的分词作表语辨析
现在分词(主动意义) 过去分词(被动意义)
exciting(令人兴奋的) excited(感到兴奋的)
frightening(吓人的) frightened(受惊吓的)
disappointing(令人失望的) disappointed(感到失望的)
interesting(有趣的) interested(感兴趣的)
moving(令人感动的) moved(受感动的)
tiring(令人疲劳的) tired(感到疲劳的)
3. 作宾语补足语
逻辑关系
含义
例句
现在分词
宾语是动作的执行者(主动关系)
表示动作正在进行或持续
I saw him playing basketball.
I heard her singing in the next room.
过去分词
宾语是动作的承受者(被动关系)
表示动作已完成或被动状态
I had my hair cut yesterday.
I heard the song sung several times.
【辨析】现在分词 vs. 不定式作宾补
结构 含义
see/hear/watch… + doing 动作正在进行(片段)
see/hear/watch… + do 动作全过程完成(经常性或已发生)
例句:I saw him going upstairs.(正在上楼)I saw him go upstairs.(上完楼了)
4. 作状语
分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
分词类型
常见状语类型
含义与转换
例句
现在分词
时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式等(主动关系)
相当于状语从句(主语主动执行)
Seeing the teacher, the students stopped talking.(时间)
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、伴随等(被动关系)
相当于被动语态的状语从句
Given more time, I can do it better.(条件)
Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.(时间/条件)
【特殊结构】
“连词 (when/while/if/though…) + 分词” 结构(从句主语与主句一致且含be动词时,可省略主语和be):
When treated with kindness, he was lovely.(= When he was treated…)
While reading the novel, I heard the phone ring.
5. 分词的时态与语态形式
时态语态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一般式:分词动作与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking down the street, he heard someone call him.
完成式:分词动作发生在谓语动作之前(通常作原因或时间状语)。
Having spent all our money, we couldn’t afford a hotel.(原因)
Having waited an hour, he realized he forgot his wallet.
四、易混结构辨析
1. have 的相关结构
结构
含义
例句
have sb. do sth.
让某人做某事(强调使令或一次性动作)
The teacher had him stand up.
have sb./sth. doing sth.
让某人/物一直做某事(强调持续状态)
He had the light burning all night.
have sth. done
让某事被做(请别人做;主语不执行)
I had my car washed.(我让人洗了车)
2. 分词作定语 vs. 动名词作定语
类型
功能
例子与解析
现在分词定语
表示被修饰名词 正在进行的动作 或 状态(主谓关系)
a sleeping child(一个正睡觉的孩子)
动名词定语
表示被修饰名词的 用途或功能(无进行意义)
a sleeping car(卧铺车厢)
过去分词定语
表示被修饰名词 已完成的被动动作 或 状态
baked bread(烤好的面包)
1.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)Nowadays, more and more customers prefer buying products (make) in China.
2.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)Teenagers should be allowed to get their ears (pierce).
3.(2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测)There must be something (visit) the homes in our neighborhood.
4.(2023·西藏日喀则·二模)When I passed by I saw some boys (play) basketball in the park.
5.(2023·江苏无锡·二模) (watch) herself in the mirror, the queen thought she was the most beautiful lady in the world.
6.(2023·江苏淮安·一模)The old man walked slowly to his home, (carry) a large bag in his back.
7.(2023·内蒙古包头·三模)With less than ten minutes , the students found it difficult to finish the writing on time. (leave)
8.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—You look upset. What’s the matter?
—I had my invitation (refuse) again.
9.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—Have you heard the news?
—Yes. The school broadcasting station announced that our school had put the money (raise) by them to good use to buy new instruments for kids.
10.(2023·甘肃白银·一模)Mary’s computer was broken. So she had it (repair) yesterday.
考点四 易混点辨析
1. 接不定式 vs 接动名词意义不同:
动词
+ to do
+ doing
forget
忘记要做(未做)
忘记做过(已做)
remember
记得要做
记得做过
stop
停下来去做另一件事
停止做某事
try
努力尝试
试着做(试验)
regret
遗憾要做
后悔做过
真题示例:
He forgot to close the window.(忘记关窗,没关)
He forgot closing the window.(忘记关过窗,实际关了)
2. 分词作定语的位置:
单个分词 → 名词前:a running boy
分词短语 → 名词后:the boy running on the playground
3. 使役/感官动词后的非谓语:
不定式(省略to):see/hear/watch sb do(看/听/观察到全过程)
现在分词:see/hear/watch sb doing(看/听/观察到正在进行的动作)
一、单词拼写
1.He finds it easier to information by turning it into a song. (memory)
2.You look so nice in both dresses that I wouldn’t know which one (advice) you to buy.
3.He prefers (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends.
4.Helping others (make) me feel happy.
5.The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day.
6.We can never learn to fly without (crash) a few times.
7.Millie doesn’t mind (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside.
8.—I won’t mind (go) alone if you don’t have time.
—Thanks for your understanding. It is really very nice of you.
9.I grew up in a modern city, so it took me a long time to get used to (live) in this small town.
10.I like the books (write) by Lu Xun.
11.Listening to music is a good way (relax) after a day’s work.
12.Jackie isn’t old enough (go) to school.
13.I think (drink) milk every day is good for our health.
14.When I walked past the office, I notice him____________(argue) with his boss.
15._______________ (keep) slim, you should change your diet and lifestyle.
16.My wife advised me to the south, but I couldn’t take her advice. (move)
17.Sally doesn’t have to be made (learn). She always works hard.
18.Don’t trouble him. He is busy (repair) my broken bike.
19.Sarah is looking forward to (learn) something about Dunhuang.
20.Everyone should play a part in (protect) wild animals.
二、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Customs are like hidden treasures in our daily life, making communities warm. Last summer, I visited my 21 (uncle) village. On the first morning, his neighbor, Mrs Li, brought us fresh eggs. She said that welcoming guests in this way is a tradition. Her smile and 22 (kind) made me feel at home.
The village had a special custom every autumn: cleaning old tools together. Everyone helped clean dirt off the farm tools. Kids joined in too, and they learned to care for things through taking part 23 this activity. It totally 24 (change) my idea that chores were boring.
Once, I forgot to bow 25 I greeted an elder there. Though no one blamed me, I felt a sense of regret. My uncle said it’s normal to make mistakes, but we’re expected 26 (learn) from them.
My cousin gave a 27 (suggest): “Join the evening story-telling.” So I joined 28 (they). Sitting under the stars and listening to the tales, my sadness disappeared even though I was far from home.
It is 29 (meaning) to make 30 effort to understand customs. They are not just rules but gifts from the past, and they make our lives much 31 (rich). So let’s hold these customs dear and show respect to them.
三、选词填空
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺,意思完整,每空一词,每词限用一次。
plenty happiness grapes lies connect how also are tradition enjoy famous
Have you ever been to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region? It 32 in the northwest part of China. There are many 33 places there. Turpan, Kashgar Prefecture, Aksu and the capital city Urumqi 34 popular places. As quite a lot of minority groups (少数民族) live in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, there are some local 35 festivals. Take the Grape Festival in Turpan for example. Turpan is known for 36 . Every year, many travelers come here to celebrate the festival together. This festival is a celebration of Turpan’s most important agricultural (农业的) products. It’s also a good chance to 37 the local way of life. During the yearly Turpan Grape Festival, local people hold some singing and dancing activities to show their 38 . Besides, 39 of travelers come and visit the grape, melon and fruit streets. 40 excited travelers can feel!
The Turpan Grape Festival is 41 a special event to remember the ancient Silk Road so that people will not forget about this road. The Silk Road was not simply a trade route (路线). It also played a role in 42 the communication of trade and cultures between China and other countries. Turpan is famous as an important point of the road.
1 / 18
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$