Unit 2 Section ⅠListening and Speaking（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“道德与美德”主题，构建系统语言学习支架，涵盖复习英语升调规律，掌握moral、virtue等核心词汇及词块，学习动词-ing形式作状语和宾补的语法功能，分析人物小传与寓言故事的语篇结构，提升讲述友善故事和撰写寓言评论的表达能力，同时培养提取细节、按顺序叙事等学习能力。 该资料以林巧稚事迹、道德困境案例为载体，融合语言能力培养与道德教育，通过阅读分析、情境讨论等活动，渗透儒家“仁义礼智信”文化意识，引导学生理性辨析道德选择，提升辩证思维品质。课中助力教师高效教学，课后可帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，实现语言能力与核心素养的协同发展。

Unit 2　Morals and Virtues 核心 素养 教学目标与要求 语言 能力 【主题】　道德与美德 【语音】　复习英语语音中升调的使用规律及其表达意义，能够根据语境的需要正确使用升调，使口头表达更加准确、自然。 【词汇】　能正确使用下列单词和词块。 moral，virtue，illustrate，precious，marriage，majority，complain，fee，respond，response，scholarship，hire，physician，reject，clinic，election，decade，elsewhere，tend，publish，staff，retire，saving，kindergarten，principle，passive，scare，sharp，insurance，energetic，replace，accident，operation，whisper，midnight，import，export，pole，lap，bite，chairman，memory，chain，café，tear，harm，court，flexible，income，per，therefore，tension moral dilemma，carry sb.through sth.，tuition fees，resident physician，tend to do sth.，first aid，pass away，in memory of，trip over，in tears，in despair，a great deal (of) 【结构/句式】 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 2.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义 3.would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 4.whatever引导的名词性从句 5.独立主格结构 【语法】　能够理解动词ing形式作状语和作宾语补足语的功能及意义；能正确运用动词ing形式描述人物的行为、动作、生活经历等。 【语篇】 1.阅读人物小传，了解人物生平事迹，分析人物性格与品质，理解人生道路上的道德困境。 2.阅读寓言故事，理解故事内容以及隐含的道德教育意义。 【表达】 1.能够讲述一则友善待人的故事。 2.能够写一篇道德寓言故事的评论。 学习 能力 1.能依据说话人表述的内容及其语音、语调、语速、停顿等分辨其态度。 2.能通过阅读从文章中提取事实和细节，并基于这些信息推导出合理的结论。 3.能够根据时间顺序或事件发展的先后顺序来叙事。 4.能够区分一些近义词在语用上的差异，并根据语境正确使用这些词汇。 文化 意识 1.了解不同文化背景下人们所共同推崇的道德观念与美好品质，如善良、敬业、无私、诚信、责任感等。 2.学习和理解儒家“仁义礼智信”的思想，树立正确的道德观和价值观，自觉遵守和践行中华美德，为传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化而努力。 思维 品质 能够基于单元所学内容、生活体验以及各种所见所闻，梳理和提炼出世界上不同民族普遍认可和赞颂的道德准则与美德精神；能够辨别什么是道德困境，客观分析和推理身处困境的人的不同选择可能产生的结果和影响，从而打破二元对立的思维模式，学会全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题，进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。 What Does Moral Dilemma Mean? Philosophers as far back as Plato have wrestled near impossible moral questions that test the character of the person making the decision.Today，these questions are known as moral dilemmas.However，centuries of debate still leave many of these dilemmas unsolved. Definition A moral dilemma is defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it produces.Many times，these dilemmas involve a morally wrong decision that produces a desirable result，or vice versa.Other times，moral dilemmas involve a decision in which the person is forced to choose only one of two good things. Historic Examples One classic example of a moral dilemma is the famous 1842 shipwreck in which the captain was forced to choose between throwing the weak passengers overboard or letting all the passengers drown.The 1982 movie Sophie's Choice portrays another moral dilemma，in which a mother is forced to choose which of her two children would be executed in a concentration camp. Modern Examples A family's difficult decision about whether to take a terminally ill loved one off life support is an example of a modern moral dilemma.Other common dilemmas include good Samaritan situations，for example，a passerby is forced to choose between the convenience of letting a stranger go unaided and the moral obligation to assist someone in need. 道德困境是什么意思？ 早在柏拉图时代，哲学家们就已经努力解决了几乎不可能的道德问题，这些问题考验着做出决定的人的性格。今天，这些问题被称为道德困境。然而，几个世纪的争论仍然让许多这些困境没有解决。 定义 道德困境是指决策者在决策的道德正确性和决策制造的结果的质量之间发生冲突的任何情况。很多时候，这些困境涉及一个道德上错误的决定，产生一个理想的结果，反之亦然。另一些时候，道德困境涉及一个决定，在这个决定中，一个人只能选择两件好事中的一件。 历史上的例子 道德困境的一个典型例子是1842年那场著名的沉船事故，船长被迫在把虚弱的乘客扔下船或让所有乘客淹死之间做出选择。1982年的电影《苏菲的选择》描绘了另一种道德困境，在这种困境中，一个母亲被迫选择在集中营处决两个孩子中的哪一个。 现代例子 一个家庭对于是否让一个身患绝症的亲人脱离生命支持的艰难决定就是现代道德困境的一个例子。其他常见的困境包括好心人的处境，例如，一个过路人被迫在让陌生人独自去的方便和帮助有需要的人的道德义务之间做出选择。 词海拾贝 1．wrestle v．摔跤；奋力对付 2．shipwreck n．海难　v．船只失事 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking & Discovering Useful Structures Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．moral adj.道德的n.品行 2．virtue n．美德 3．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境 4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 5．majority n．大部分，大多数 6．hire vt.聘任；雇佣n.租借 7．colleague n．同事；同僚 8．principle n．道德；原则；规则 9．export n．&vt.出口；输出 10．import n．&vt.进口；输入 拓展词汇 1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明→illustration n．说明；插图 2．physics n．物理学→physicist n．物理学家→physical adj.物理的；身体的→physically adv.身体上；肉体上→physician n．医生；内科医生 3．marry vt.结婚→married adj.已婚的→marriage n．结婚；婚姻 4．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；牢骚 5．reject vt.拒绝；接受→rejection n．否决 6．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；委派 7．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选 8．operate vt.动手术；经营→operator n．操作员；经营者→operation n．手术；经营；企业 9．respond vt.回答；回复→response n．反应 10．publish vt.发表；出版→published adj.已出版的→publisher n．出版者；出版商→publishing n．出版；出版业→publishment n．出版；发表 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．moral dilemma 道德困境 2．carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关 3．tuition fees 学费 4．tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 5．in need of help 需要帮助 6．first aid 急救 7．pass away 去世 8．be responsible for．.. 对……负责 9．treat...as 把……当作 10．in memory of 作为对……的纪念 11．draw conclusions 得出结论 12．be/lie dying 弥留之际 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 2．Did you hear that James helped an old woman who fell down while crossing the street. 你听说James帮助了一个过马路时摔倒了的老奶奶吗？ 3．I'd rather stay single to study all my life. 我宁愿独身去终生学习。 4．In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese Woman ever to be appointed director of the OB ­ GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 在1941年，林博士成为中国第一位北京协和医院任命的妇产科的女主任。 5．Dr.Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April，1983. 一直到林博士在1983年4月22日去世，她才退休。 1．Discussing—Look at the following pictures and answer the questions. (1)What are some important life choices for you? 答案　The answer is open. (2)What do you know about Dr Lin Qiaozhi? 答案　The answer is open. 2．Predicting—Look at the picture and the title on Page 16 and predict what the text is probably about? 答案　The text is probably about the life stories of Lin Qiaozhi，a compassionate doctor. Ⅰ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What hard choice was Dr.Lin faced with at age 18? A．To find a good husband. B．To study medicine. C．To go abroad. D．To reject the offer. 2.Why did Dr.Lin reject the offer of her colleagues in the US? A．She wanted to publish her medical research. B．She wanted to gain the highest prize. C．She didn't adapt to the life of the US. D．She wanted to serve the women and children at home. 3．What wasn't Dr.Lin interested in? A．Tending patients. B．Publishing medical research on care for women and children. C．Training doctors. D．Becoming famous. 答案　1.B　2.D　3.D Ⅱ.Answer the question. What do you think are the important qualities that a doctor should have? I think a good doctor should be kind，competent(有能力的)，devoted，hard­working and determined． Read the text and fill in the blanks. As a five­year­old girl，Li Qiaozhi，1.was affected(affect)by her mother's death.At age 18，instead of 2.following(follow) the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine and eight years later，Lin graduated 3.from Peking Union Medical College 4.with the Wenhai scholarship.She became the first woman 5.to be hired(hire) as a resident physician.After working for a few years，she was sent 6.to study (study) in Europe and then，in 1939，in the U．S.In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese woman 7.to be appointed(appoint) director of the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. The New People's Republic of China saw Dr.Lin 8.playing(play) a key role，and over the next several decades，she held many important positions.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known 9.as the“Mother of ten thousand babies”， 10.having delivered(deliver) over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. 1．carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关 [教材原句P16]　These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 [归纳拓展] carry out 执行，实行；贯彻；实现 carry on 开展；维护；继续 carry forward 继承，弘扬 [典型例句] It was your help that carried me through the hard times. 正是你的帮助使我度过了艰难时刻。 That's my study plan for the summer holidays，and I'll try my best to carry it out. 那就是我的暑假学习计划，我将尽我最大的努力执行下去。 Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying. 只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候你才能继续学习。 [即学即练] 1．用适当的介词或副词填空/单句写作 ①The activity is aimed at carrying forward the Chinese traditional culture. ②We should carry out the plan strictly and carefully. ③We hope that more artists will carry on and develop the folk art. ④It was my mother that carried me through my hard time in middle school. ⑤他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。(carry sb.through) His courage will carry him through. ⑥他请求我们帮他完成这个计划。(carry through) He asked us to help him carry through this plan. 2．majority n．大多数；大部分 [教材原句P16]　At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine. 十八岁时，林巧稚没有像大多数的女孩一样走传统的婚姻的道路，她选择学习医学。 [归纳拓展] a/the majority of 大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数a/the minority of 少数 in a/the minority 占少数Ｋ [典型例句] His opinion represents that of the majority. 他的意见代表大多数人的意见。 The majority of people own a dog for companionship. 大多数人养狗是为了有个伴儿。 Boys are in the majority in their class. 在他们班上，男孩占了大多数。 MPs approved the Bill by a majority of 97. 议员们以97票的多数票通过了该议案。 [名师点津] majority的用法 (1)the majority of...作主语时，其后的谓语动词的数取决于of之后的名词；the majority作主语时，谓语动词的数可用单数，也可用复数。 (2)majority常由great修饰，表示most of；与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a/an”。 [即学即练] 2．单句语法填空/完成句子 ①However，the majority (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be. ②Only a minority (minor) of children are fond of doing housework while most of them enjoy playing games. ③Now one third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of citizens are satisfied with their environment.(be) ④I was admitted into Nanjing University in 2016，and then majored in math. ⑤A majority of classic riddles refer (refer) to Chinese characters，historical figures，literary references(参考书目)，or names of cities and other places in China. ⑥我家乡的大多数山丘都长满了树。(majority) The majority of the hills in my hometown are covered with trees. 3．complain vi.抱怨，发牢骚；投诉 [教材原句P16]　“Why should girls learn so much？Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. 想起高额的学费，她的哥哥抱怨说：“女孩子为什么学这么多？嫁个好丈夫应该是她们最终的目标！” [归纳拓展] (1)complain(to sb.)of/about sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨某事 complain(to sb.)that...(向某人)抱怨…… (2)complaint n．抱怨；投诉；控告 make a complaint to sb.about/of sth. 向某人抱怨/投诉某事 [典型例句] He complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength，but failed to pass the tests which were concerned with teachers' certificates. 他向我抱怨他已经尽全力做了一切，但是还是在教师资格证相关的考试中不及格。 [名师点津]　 complain不能直接跟sb.作宾语，应加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，apologize(道歉)等。 I had to explain to him that I had lost his keys.我不得不向他解释我弄丢了他的钥匙。 [即学即练] 3．单句语法填空/句型转换/单句写作 ①She complained to us that no one had been at the airport to meet her. ②Several passengers complained to the air company about/of the bad service on the flight. ③If you wish to make a complaint(complain) about that，you should see the manager. ④They were on strike and complained about the low wages. →They were on strike and made a complaint about the low wages. →They were on strike and complained that the wages were too low． ⑤我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。 We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain of/about traffic jams． ⑥我打算向经理写一封关于服务差的投诉信。 I'm going to write a letter of complaint against/about the poor service to the manager． 4．respond vt.回答；回应；响应 [教材原句P16]　She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life.” 她回答道：“为了学习我宁愿终生独身。” [归纳拓展] respond vi.回答，回应；作出反应，响应。常见搭配： 无论是动词respond还是名词response，均搭配介词to。 [典型例句] I'm not sure how he will respond to your answer. 我不确定他对你的答复会有何反应。 He responded with a smile when she spoke. 她说话时他报以微笑。 He responded that he would be pleased to attend the party. 他回答说他很高兴参加这个聚会。 [名师点津]　 相关词语积累 response n．反应，响应；回答，答复 in response to...作为对……的答复/反应 make no response to...对……不作出反应，对……不予以回答 [即学即练] 4．单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Knowing basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ② In response to the audience's great demand，the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. ③Mary made no response to the question. ④卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。 a．Carl didn't respond to my question，and carried on with his meal.(respond) b．Carl made/gave no response to my question，and carried on with his meal.(response) 5．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定 [教材原句P16]　In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 在1941年，林博士成为第一位北京协和医院任命的妇产科的女主任。 [归纳拓展] (1)appointment n．任命，指派；约会，约定 make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守/失约 (2)appoint...(as)＋职位 任命……为…… appoint sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 (3)appointed adj.指定的；约定的 [典型例句] I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon. 我已约好今天下午去看牙医。 You should learn to keep an appointment. 你应该学会守约。 We were all pleased about the appointment of John as/to be chairman. 约翰被任命为主席，我们都很高兴。 [即学即练] 5．单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①—Good morning，Mr.Lee's office. —Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon. ②Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard(guard) her. ③My patient didn't turn up at the appointed(appoint) time，that is，she broke an appointment. ④The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J．N.“Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed (appoint)by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. ⑤(普通句式)He was appointed as captain of the basketball team(被任命为篮球队队长) and led the players to the Olympic Games. (句式升级)Appointed as captain of the basketball team，he led the players to the Olympic Games.(过去分词短语作状语) 6．scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 [教材原句P17]　She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。 [归纳拓展] (1)scare away/off 吓走，吓跑…… be scared to death 吓得要死 (2)scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事 be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事 (3)scary adj. 可怕的；恐怖的 [典型例句] She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 她在面试时如此害怕以至于完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。 She was scared to go into the yard because she was scared of being bitten by the big dog lying at the gate. 她害怕去院子里，因为她害怕被卧在门口的那只大狗咬到。 The first time I went to the cave at night，I was scared half to death. 我第一次晚上去那个山洞，简直吓得半死。 [即学即练] 6．单句语法填空/完成句子 ①So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared(scare). ②Almost every child is scared of something from monsters to dogs. ③In our whole life，we always want to follow the path that others suggest because we are scared to fail(fail). ④What scares me most is that I'm going to study in a strange place. 最让我害怕的是我要去一个陌生的地方学习。 ⑤She is scared of walking alone at night. 她害怕晚上一个人走路。 7．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 [教材原句P17]　One of the advantages of being energetic and positive young people is that... 作为积极向上、充满活力的青年的一个优点是…… [归纳拓展] (1)energy n．精力，活力；能量(常用复数energies)。常见搭配： (2)energetically adv.精力充沛地 [典型例句] Captain Mike was a capable，intelligent and energetic officer. 迈克上尉是一位有能力、聪明并且精力充沛的军官。 Our English teacher is an energetic and patient person，and he is very strict with us in our study. 我们的英语老师是一位精力充沛且有耐心的人，并且在学习上对我们要求很严格。 [即学即练] 7．单句语法填空 ①My grandfather is as energetic (energetic) as a young man and hates sitting around all day. ②He had worked energetically (energetic) all day on his new book. ③She's devoting all her energy (energetic) to prepare her wedding. 8．replace vt.取代；更换；更新；把……放回原处 [教材原句P17]　The student union will hold a special meeting in January to appoint someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一月份召开特别会议，任命他人来代替书记。 [归纳拓展] 代替某人/某物 　in place of.../in one's place 代替 (2)replace...with/by... 用……替换…… (3)replacement n. 更换；替换的人(物) [典型例句] “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈尔·斯特拉诺解释说：“我们正在考虑怎么能转变植物的基因结构来替代我们每天使用的东西”。 [即学即练] 8．一句多译/单句语法填空 ①我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。 a.Our monitor will take the place of/replace our head­teacher to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace) b.Our monitor will attend the meeting in place of our headteacher．(in place of) c．Our monitor will take our headteacher's place to attend the meeting.(take one's place) ②找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。 a.It would be difficult to find a man in place of the present manager. b.It would be difficult to find a man to replace/take the place of the present manager. ③It is now easier to replace(replace) an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ④It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced(replace) with a modern hotel or not. ⑤Teachers will never be replaced(replace)by computers in the classroom. ⑥It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 9．whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 [教材原句P18]　I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被人听见。 [归纳拓展] whisper to sb. 对某人耳语 in a whisper＝in whispers＝in a low voice 耳语地；低声地 whisper sth.in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事 It/is was whispered that... 据秘密传闻…… [典型例句] A sweet voice behind whispered to me if she could use my English dictionary. 身后传来一个甜美的声音悄悄问我她是否可以用我的英语词典。 They talked with each other in a whisper/in whispers in the corner. 他们在那个角落里低声交谈。 [巧学助记] 语境串记whisper I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in a whisper/in whispers.Suddenly Jenny leaned over and whispered something in Helen's ear.I wanted to know what they were whispering about.Then I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out. 我看到珍妮和海伦在低声谈话。突然，珍妮探身在海伦耳边说了点儿什么。我很好奇她们在嘀咕些什么。于是我小声对玛丽说，我要偷偷地走过去弄清楚。 [即学即练] 9．单句语法填空/完成句子 ①“You can come if you like.”he said in a whisper. ②When I came in，I found two students whispering(whisper) to each other. ③He whispered “thank you”to Paul for permitting him to be a part of the project. 对于允许他成为这个项目的一分子，他悄悄地对保罗说了声“谢谢”。 10．assist vt. 帮助；援助 [教材原句P18]　Despite the difficult situation，Dr. Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 尽管形势艰难，白求恩医生尽其所能帮助中国人民。 [归纳拓展] 帮助某人做某事 (2)assistance n．援助；帮助 come to one's assistance 帮助某人 (3)assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员 [典型例句] We really should do something to assist them. 我们确实应该做些事情来帮助他们。 I am willing to assist you with your Mandarin. ＝I am willing to assist you to learn your Mandarin. ＝I am willing to assist you in learning your Mandarin. 我乐意帮助你学习普通话。 [即学即练] 10．单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Please feel free to ask if I am of further assistance (assist). ②Now I'm writing to apply for a position working as a teaching assistant(assist) in your school. ③It's very kind of you to assist the poor with money. ④如果你能帮助我完成这个实验，我将不胜感激。 a．I'd appreciate it greatly if you could assist me in finishing/assist me to finish the experiment. b．I'd appreciate it greatly if you could assist me with the experiment. 11．in memory of 作为对……的纪念 [教材原句P18]　After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. 白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他，他在文章中赞扬白求恩大夫是一名英雄，将在中国被铭记。 [归纳拓展] “in＋n.＋of”型的其他短语： in praise of 称赞，歌颂 in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in favour of 支持，赞同 in charge of 负责，管理 in need of 需要 in control of 控制 in aid of...为了帮助…… [典型例句] The Dragon Boat Festival is held in memory of the famous poet Qu Yuan. 龙舟节的举办是为了纪念著名诗人屈原。 He wrote a poem in memory of those who died in the earthquake. 他写了一首诗以纪念那些在地震中死去的人们。 [即学即练] 11．用“in＋n. ＋of”型短语完成句子 ①In memory of(为纪念)his late father，he set up a primary school in his hometown. ②Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of(支持) those who are ready. ③If you are in need of(需要) a deadline extension (延期)，simply explain the situation to the professor. 1．[教材原句P16]　Life is precious...To a person nothing is more precious than their life. 生命是宝贵的……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵了。 [句式分析] 否定词和比较级连用表达最高级意义。 [归纳拓展] [典型例句] －What do you think of the plan? ——你觉得这个计划怎么样？ －I can't agree more.It's practical. ——我非常同意你的计划。这个计划切实可行。 In my opinion，no experience is more valuable than the experience gained with one's own sweat. 在我看来，自己用汗水得来的经验是最宝贵的。 Nothing is so easy as this.＝Nothing is easier than this. 这是最容易的事。 [即学即练] 1．一句多译/单句语法填空 ①汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。 a.Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class. b．Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class. c．Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class. d．Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class. e．No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class. ②How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a better(good) voice. ③To me，nothing is more significant(significant) than carring others through hard times. ④—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —I've never had a more pleasant (pleasant) one before. 2．[教材原句P16]　In 1941，Dr.Lin became the first Chinese Woman ever to be appointed director of the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 在1941年，林博士成为中国第一位北京协和医院任命的妇产科的女主任。 [句式分析] “the＋序数词(＋名词)＋动词不定式”结构。 [归纳拓展] (1)“the＋序数词(＋名词)＋不定式”是一种常见结构，表示“第几个做……的”，其中不定式作后置定语，修饰被序数词修饰的名词或序数词本身。 (2)如果主语和不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式应使用主动形式；如果主语和不定式之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式应使用被动形式。 [典型例句] Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in natural sciences. 屠呦呦是第一个在自然科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。 He was the second person to be met with by the manager. 他是第二个被经理接见的人。 [名师点津] (1)当中心词是形容词最高级，the next，the last，the only或被这些词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 Jack is very hardworking and he is the last to leave the classroom every day. 杰克学习非常努力，每天他都是最后一个离开教室的。 In my opinion，Tom is the best man to do the job. 在我看来，汤姆是做这个工作的最佳人选。 (2)当中心词是抽象名词way，chance，ability，promise，courage等时，常用不定式作后置定语。 Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives，including your own. 志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。 (3)当定语表示将来的还没做的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语。 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。 [即学即练] 2．单句语法填空/完成句子 ①China was the first country to drink(drink) green tea more than 4000 years ago and it still enjoys popularity today. ②Most of their time is spent sleeping in the trees，which is the best place to see(see) a koala. ③Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance to meet(meet) your friends again. ④Andy 和Ruby首先到达了山顶，又累又喘。 Tired and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of the mountain． ⑤我们受邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的宴会。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 3．[教材原句P17]　Dr.Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April，1983. 一直到林博士在1983年4月22日去世，她都没有退休。 [句式分析] not...until... (1)until引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式。若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。 (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。 [典型例句] ①If I ride a bike，I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. 如果我骑自行车，我总是靠右走，直到交通灯变绿才过马路。 ②It was not until I visited Guilin that I found it worthy of the reputation. 直到在桂林游玩后我才发现它果然名不虚传。 ③Not until next week will the sports meet be held. 直到下周才开运动会。 ④Not until all the fish had died did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到所有的鱼都死了，农民们才意识到这种污染有多严重。 [即学即练] 3．句式升级/完成句子/一句多译 ①I didn't leave until he came. a．Not until he came did I leave.(改成倒装句) b.It was not until he came that I left.(用强调句型强调until部分) ②Not until he went through real hardship did he realize(他才意识到) the love we have for our families is important. ③直到出了国他才意识到英语的重要性。 a.He didn't realize the importance of English until he went abroad. b．Not until he went abroad did he realize the importance of English. c．It was not until he went abroad that he realized the importance of English. [基础通关] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is reported that the majority (大多数) of accidents in the home involving the elderly occur in the bathroom. 2．Don't kill your precious (宝贵的) time by chatting online all day long. 3．Personally，I think in­store shopping will exist along with online shopping but will never be replaced (取代). 4．Einstein was a brilliant man and he was ahead of his time but his theories were rejected (拒绝接受) by the people at that time. 5．The editor wants to publish (出版)this book with the purpose of helping Chinese students overcome their difficulties in reading. 6．The retired teacher donated most of his savings (存款) to the school damaged by the earthquake. 7．Tom studied very hard last year and his effort paid off.He finally won a scholarship (奖学金) to Harvard University. 8．When the moon had risen，we lay on the grass，listening to the wind whispering (低语) in the grass. 9．They are exporting (出口) their products to Europe. 10．My brother is very proud to be elected chairman (主席) of the student union. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Can you give us another example to illustrate(illustrate) this difficult point? 2．Just quit complaining (complain).What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation. 3．Aimed at young children，this energetic (energy) magazine promises to enrich the lives of families. 4．We sent out over 1000 letters that day but the response(respond) rate has been low. 5．After graduation，he works for a company that publishes(publish) reference books. 6．He had the good sense to withdraw from the election (elect) contest. 7．She turned the steering­wheel sharply (sharp) to the left to avoid a cyclist. 8．I waited for her for a long time，but she failed to come at the appointed (appoint) time. 9．He was a little scared to meet (meet) us，but started to smile shyly after my mom hugged him. 10．Take it easy.People tend to make (make) mistakes when doing things in a hurry. Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) whisper about；with the aid of；in memory of；in aid of；assist sb.in；pass away 1．In memory of the national hero，we set up a primary school named after him. 2．Even though it was only October，my students were already whispering about their holiday plans. 3．Through the Monthly Donation，this company has provided the general public with a means of making regular contributions in aid of the needy. 4．They planted roses in memory of the former Olympic champion who passed away last year. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．世界上没有任何东西比父母给予的爱更伟大的了。 Nothing is greater than the love that is given by parents in the world. 2．傍晚时他在街上哭泣，因为他没有人可以求助。 Evening saw him crying in the street because there was no one for him to turn to. 3．我宁可只要我挚爱的母亲，而不要天下所有的宝石。 I would rather have my beloved mother than all the precious stones under the sun. 4．它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。 It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. 5．老鼠跑出田野，寻找藏身之处。 Mice ran out of the fields，looking for places to hide． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $