Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 知识清单-2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

人教版八年级上册 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 知识清单 一、核心词汇详解 (按主题分类，含中考高频词) 1. 动物特征与行为 (高频考点) 词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句 中考要点 endangered adj. 濒危的 The giant panda is an endangered animal. 常考环保话题词汇 huge adj. 巨大的；庞大的 The elephant has a huge body. = very big，强调体积 wild adj. 野生的；野外的 We should protect wild animals. wild animal 野生动物 tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 The bee is tiny but very important. 反义词：huge strong adj. 强壮的；强烈的 The lion is one of the strongest animals. 比较级 stronger intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的 Dolphins are very intelligent. = clever, smart aggressive adj. 好斗的；有攻击性的 Tigers can be aggressive. 注意拼写 fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 The fierce wind blew down the trees. 形容动物或自然力 gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 A deer is usually a gentle animal. 反义词：fierce 2. 动物身体部位与能力 词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句 中考要点 fur n. (动物的) 毛皮 The bear has thick fur to keep warm. 不可数名词 feather n. 羽毛 Birds use their feathers to fly. 可数名词 wing n. 翅膀；机翼 The bird spread its wings. 常用复数 paw n. (动物的) 爪子 The cat cleaned its paws. 区别于 claw (尖爪) whisker n. (猫、鼠等的) 胡须 Cats use their whiskers to measure space. 常用复数 trunk n. 象鼻；树干 The elephant uses its trunk to drink water. 一词多义：象鼻/树干 sight n. 视力；看见 Eagles have excellent sight. 引申义“景象” smell n./v. 嗅觉；气味；闻 Dogs have a great sense of smell. 感官动词之一 hearing n. 听力；听觉 Bats have very good hearing. 动名词形式作名词 speed n. 速度 The cheetah can run at a high speed. at high speed 高速地 strength n. 力量；力气 He doesn’t have the strength to lift the box. strong 的名词形式 ability n. 能力；才能 Humans have the ability to think. the ability to do sth. 3. 植物与生态描述 词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句 中考要点 amazing adj. 令人惊异的 Nature is full of amazing things. 常用于表达赞叹 living adj. 活着的；现存的 Is this the longest living animal? living things 生物 dead adj. 死亡的；枯败的 The dead leaves fell from the tree. 注意发音 /ded/ rare adj. 稀有的；罕见的 This kind of flower is very rare. 反义词：common common adj. 常见的；普通的 Pine trees are common in this area. 最高级the most common thick adj. 厚的；浓的 The rainforest has thick vegetation. 反义词：thin root n. 根；根源 The roots of the tree go deep into the soil. 引申义“根源” branch n. 树枝；分支 The monkey jumped from branch to branch. 复数 branches leaf n. 叶子 In autumn, the leaves turn yellow. 复数 leaves (变f为v加es) seed n. 种子 Every plant starts from a small seed. 可数名词 forest n. 森林 We must protect the rainforest forest. tropical forest 热带雨林 desert n. 沙漠 Camels can live in the desert. 注意与 dessert (甜点) 区分 jungle n. (热带) 丛林 It’s easy to get lost in the jungle. 强调热带密林 environment n. 环境 We should protect the environment. 中考高频词 nature n. 大自然；自然界 We should live in harmony with nature. 不可数名词 4. 人与环境互动 词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句 中考要点 protect v. 保护 It is our duty to protect wildlife. protect...from...保护…免受… disappear v. 消失；灭绝 Many species are disappearing. 现在分词 disappearing survive v. 生存；存活 How do animals survive in the desert? survival (n.) 生存 grow v. 生长；种植 These plants grow very fast. 过去式 grew，过去分词 grown plant v./n. 种植；植物 We planted some trees last spring. 注意词性 harm v./n. 伤害；损害 We should not harm wild animals. do harm to... 对……有害 hunt v. 打猎；搜寻 It is illegal to hunt tigers. go hunting 去打猎 feed v. 喂养；饲养 Don't feed the animals in the zoo. feed on... 以……为食 raise v. 养育；饲养；提高 He raises cows on his farm. 一词多义 law n. 法律；法则 There are strict laws against hunting. obey/break the law 守法/违法 reserve n. 自然保护区 They work in a nature reserve. wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区 researcher n. 研究员 Researchers are studying panda behavior. 动词 research population n. 总数；人口 The tiger population is increasing. 不可数名词 5. 易混淆词汇辨析 (中考常考) (1)grow vs. plant - grow：强调植物自身“生长”的过程或人“种植、栽培”的行为(结果)。 The rice grows well. / He grows flowers. - plant：强调“栽种”这个具体的动作。 We planted 100 trees yesterday. (2)look after vs. protect - look after：照料、照看(日常)。She looks after her little brother. - protect：保护(使免受伤害或危险)。We must protect the environment. 3. dead vs. died - dead：形容词，“死亡的”。The bird is dead. - died：动词die的过去式，“死亡”。The old man died last year. 4. alive vs. living - alive：表语形容词，作表语或后置定语。Is the fish still alive? - living：定语形容词，多作前置定语。all living things (所有生物) 二、重点短语与句型 1. 描述动植物特征的核心短语 短语 释义 课本/中考例句 at birth 出生时 The baby panda is very small at birth. up to 达到(某数量、程度等)；一直到 The whale can be up to 30 meters long. in fact 事实上；实际上 In fact, the elephant has a very good memory. on earth 在地球上；究竟(加强语气) What is the largest animal on earth? in the wild 在野外 It's hard to see tigers in the wild now. in danger 处于危险中 Many animals are in danger of extinction. out of danger 脱离危险 The sick panda is now out of danger. be famous for 因……而闻名 Sichuan is famous for its pandas. be good at 擅长于 Monkeys are good at climbing trees. be made of 由……制成(看出原材料) The desk is made of wood. be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料) Paper is made from wood. depend on 依靠；取决于 All living things depend on the sun. feed on 以……为食 Pandas mainly feed on bamboo. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失 Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. take care of 照顾；照料 We must take care of our planet. 2. 表达比较与惊叹的实用句型 （1）Which is + 最高级, A, B or C? (三者以上比较) - Which is the heaviest, the elephant, the whale or the giraffe? （2）One of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in/of... (最……之一) - The blue whale is one of the largest animals in the world. （3）as + 形容词/副词原级 + as possible (尽可能地……) - We should protect the environment as well as possible. （4）What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + (主语+谓语)! (感叹句) - What amazing plants (they are)! / What an interesting animal (it is)! （5）How + 形容词/副词 + (主语+谓语)! (感叹句) - How fast the cheetah runs! 三、语法聚焦：形容词与副词的最高级 (深化) 1. 最高级构成 (复习与深化) (1) 规则变化：在形容词/副词原级后加 -est 或在前面加 most。 - 单音节和部分双音节词：tall → tallest, large → largest, big → biggest, heavy → heaviest - 多音节和部分双音节词：interesting → most interesting, slowly → most slowly (2) 不规则变化 (必须熟记) good/well → best bad/badly/ill → worst many/much → most little → least far → farthest / furthest 2. 最高级的基本句型 (1)主语 + be动词 + the + 最高级 + (名词) + 比较范围(in/of短语等)。 - The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. (在……范围内用 in) - He is the tallest of the three boys. (在……个体中用 of/among) (2)主语 + 实义动词 + (the) + 最高级 + 比较范围。(副词最高级前the可省略) - Tom runs (the) fastest in his class. (3)one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 比较范围 - This is one of the most beautiful parks in the city. 3. 最高级的特殊用法与易错点 (中考高频) (1)比较范围必须明确：使用最高级时，通常需给出比较范围(in China, of us all等)，除非语境已清楚。 (2)定冠词 the 的使用： 形容词最高级前通常必须加 the。 副词最高级前 the 可加可不加。 当最高级前有物主代词(my, his等)或名词所有格(China's)时，不再用 the。 如：She is my best friend. (3)最高级前可用序数词修饰：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (4)隐含最高级：“比较范围”有时不以 in/of 短语出现，而是由上下文暗示。 - I have three bags. This one is the biggest. (隐含比较范围是“这三个包中”) 四、中考考点衔接与题型示例 1. — The Amazon rainforest is getting smaller and smaller. — Yes. It's one of ______ problems in the world now. A. serious B. more serious C. most serious D. the most serious 答案：D (考查 “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词” 结构) 2. The elephant is one of the ______ (heavy) land animals. 答案：heaviest 3. We should p______ wild animals and not hunt them. 答案：protect 4. No other animal in the ocean is bigger than the blue whale. (改为同义句) The blue whale is ______ ______ animal in the ocean. (答案：the biggest) 5. This tree is 20 meters tall. That tree is 15 meters tall. (合并为一句，用比较级) This tree is ______ ______ that one. (答案：taller than) 6. This park is very beautiful. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ ______ park it is! (答案：What a beautiful) 7. 大熊猫是世界上最可爱的动物之一。 The giant panda is ______ ______ ______ ______ animals in the world. (答案：one of the cutest ) 8. 我们应该尽力保护环境。 We should try our best ______ ______ the environment. (答案：to protect ) 9. 这种鸟以小鱼为食。 This kind of bird ______ ______ small fish. (答案：feeds on) 10. 书面表达预测话题与句型 常见话题： 1. The Animal I Like Best (我最喜欢的动物) 2. How to Protect Endangered Animals (如何保护濒危动物) 3. Let's Live in Harmony with Nature (与自然和谐相处) 必备高分句型： - It is said/reported that... (据说/据报道……) - ...plays an important role in... (……在……中起重要作用) - It's our duty to... (做……是我们的责任) - Only in this way can we... (只有用这种方法我们才能……) (部分倒装) - If we don't take action now, ... (如果我们现在不采取行动，……) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $