Unit 2 课时1 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking（课件）英语新教材沪教版五四学制八年级下册

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大发明与发现”主题，涵盖发明相关词汇、名词后缀构词法及听说技能。通过图片导入（车轮、罗盘等）激活已知，过渡到新发明（如阿拉伯数字系统），结合听力笔记训练和构词法学习，搭建从基础到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质，口语对话（如讨论灯泡与汽车重要性）引导学生用细节支持观点，听力训练提升信息获取能力。构词法系统讲解（-ment/-th等后缀）培养学习策略，跨文化元素（埃及、阿拉伯发明）增强文化意识。学生能提升语言运用和批判性思维，教师可借助结构化活动高效教学。

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 沪教版（五四）2025 英语 八年级 第二学期 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking Objectives 教学目标： 通过本节课的学习，学生 1. 能够掌握与发明创造有关的词汇，例如：inventors, wheels, material, etc.。关于名词后缀的构词法，能够恰当的用英语表述这些伟大发明的名称，材料和用途等基本信息。（学习理解） 2. 能够在听力语篇中准确获取信息，记录下不同古老的或现代的发明的特点、用途等关键内容。在日常交流中掌握感叹句的语调，并恰当地表达出赞同或不赞同某种观点；能够运用目标词汇与句型进行口语模拟对话，交流不同发明的伟大之处。（应用实践） 3. 能够思考并简单地表达出其他不同发明的用途。意识到发明创造改变了人类的生活，是文明进步的重要阶梯。（迁移创新） How do great inventions and discoveries change our lives? /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明、创造 /dɪsˈkʌvəriz/ n. 发现 Transportation advances, like trains or planes, allow people to travel faster and explore new places. New inventions create jobs and industries, boosting economic growth for communities. Discoveries in science help us understand the world better, such as how vaccines protect us from diseases. They make our lives more convenient, like smartphones helping us stay connected. Look at the pictures and answer the question. Getting started What do you know about these inventions and discoveries? wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮 BCE--- Before the Common Era 公元前 compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n. 罗盘、指南针 steam engine /stiːm ˈendʒɪn/ n. 蒸汽机 Look at the pictures and answer the question. Getting started What do you know about these inventions and discoveries? penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ n. 青霉素、盘尼西林 A. Great ancient inventions /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的、古老的 invent-invented-invented (make something new) inventor n. 发明家 Wang Yiming is reading an audiobook about inventions in the library and finds out many things in daily life were actually invented in ancient times. 有声读物（把文字录制成语音的“有声书”） Viewing and listening Viewing and listening /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ n. 埃及 Egyptian adj. 埃及的 /ˈtrænspɔːt/ v. 运输、搬运 transportation n. /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索、勘探 explore v. Viewing and listening /ˌmesəupəˈteimjə/ n. 美索不达米亚 /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯的 Arab n. 阿拉伯 League of Arab States 阿拉伯国家联盟 /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济 economic adj. 经济的 Read the pages of the book and answer the questions: Which invention(s) have you learned about? Which is new to you? Look and say I learned about shoes, the wheel, and paper-making. Shoes protected feet long ago. The wheel made travel easier. Paper helps spread knowledge. The Arabic number system is new! I didn’t know numbers started in India. Now I understand why math is useful everywhere Listen to a description of an invention and tick (√) the key information that is mentioned. Listen and tick /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料、素材 /juːzɪz/ n. 使用功能 /ˈɪnfluəns/ n. 影响力、作用 √ √ √ Listen to three descriptions of inventions and complete the table on the next page. Write “M” for material(s), “U” for use(s) and “I” for influence(s). Listen and take notes Inventions Notes Aspects Paper making • 1_______________ and fishnets M • Easier for people to 2____________ and 3_____________ information U • Helps to 4________________ knowledge I Plants keep send pass on Listen to three descriptions of inventions and complete the table on the next page. Write “M” for material(s), “U” for use(s) and “I” for influence(s). Listen and take notes Inventions Notes Aspects The ship • 5_______________ and reeds (芦苇) 12_____ • 6_________________ on the Nile 13_____ • In wars and 7______________ U Woods Transport /naɪl/ n. 尼罗河 world exploration M U Listen to three descriptions of inventions and complete the table on the next page. Write “M” for material(s), “U” for use(s) and “I” for influence(s). Listen and take notes Inventions Notes Aspects The Arabic number system • Easier for people to write 8___________ numbers U • Helps to 9____________ together more easily 14_____ • Develops 10_____________ and the 11_____________ I large add numbers U science economy Word study: Word building Noun suffixes -ment, -th, -ness and -ism Change the words into their noun forms by adding suffixes. Put them into different groups. Remember other changes may be necessary. /ˈsʌfɪksɪz/ n. 后缀 develop long real excite ill sad agree grow social happy tour wide excitement agreement length width sadness happiness realism tourism Word study: Word building Noun suffixes -ment, -th, -ness and -ism 构词法：名词后缀 -ment，-th，-ness，-ism 名词后缀 -ment 加在动词后， -th 加在形容词或动词后， -ness 加在形容词后， -ism 加在形容词或名词后 Word study: Word building other examples Verb Noun -ment enjoy pay improve measure treat argue enjoyment payment improvement measurement treatment argument Word study: Word building other examples Adjective/Verb Noun -th strong warm grow deep true dead strength warmth growth depth truth death Word study: Word building other examples Adjective Noun -ness kind dark mad fit sick lonely shy kindness darkness madness fitness sickness loneliness shyness Word study: Word building other examples Adjective/ Noun Noun -ism social journal tour optimistic modern socialism journalism tourism optimism modernism Update my to-do list Listen to a description of an invention and note down its key information. The wheel. They appeared in 3,500 BCE. People first used them to make cups and bowls. Later, they use them to make cars, trains, planes and machines. They help people live, travel and work more easily. B. Great modern inventions /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的 Yiming: Lu Yao, this website says the light bulb is the greatest modern invention. Do you agree? Lu Yao: I’d say yes. It has changed our daily habits. Just imagine your life without it. You could hardly do anything well after dark. Yiming: I totally agree. It would be hard to do homework with candles! While Edison was inventing a safe and inexpensive light bulb, he failed thousands of times. Speaking Wang Yiming and his classmates are reading a web page and discussing modern inventions. /bʌlb n. 电灯泡 /ˈdeɪli/ adv. 日常的、每日的 /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象、猜测 /ˈtəʊtəli/ adv. 完全地、整个地 /ˈkændlz/ n. 蜡烛 Lu Yao: How encouraging! Harry: Edison was great, but I don’t think the light bulb is the greatest modern invention. Lu Yao: What do you think is the greatest modern invention then? Harry: The car. It’s really fast and convenient. It can take people to hospital quickly in an emergency. Lu Yao: I see your point! Imagine going to hospital on a horse! Speaking Wang Yiming and his classmates are reading a web page and discussing modern inventions. /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的、振奋的 /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 突发事件、紧急情况 My learning notes: Expressing opinions In my opinion/ view, 我的观念是，... I (don’t) believe ... 我（不）相信 ... I think/guess/suppose/... 我认为，猜测 ... I’d say yes./I can’t agree more!/I totally agree! 是的，我再同意也不为过 I’m not sure about that. 我对这不太确定。 As far as I am concerned, ... 就我而言，... What you’ve said is quite right, but ... 你说的很对，但是 ... Teen skill: Supporting ideas with details When you express an opinion, try to support your ideas with details. Details can be facts, examples, figures, quotations, etc. /fɪɡə/ n. 图形、轮廓、数字 /kwəʊˈteɪʃn/ n. 引用语、引文 • A: Edison’s words encourage me to keep going when I want to give up. B: What inspiring words they are! • A: We can pay the bill on the phone. B: How convenient it is! • A: Wow! What a smart robot it is! B: Yes. It’s the latest model. Pronunciation Intonation: exclamations We use falling tones in exclamations. /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ n. 语调、音准 /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃənz/ n. 感叹 Discuss In groups, talk about the other great modern inventions on the website on the next page. Support your ideas with details. Use the conversation in B1 for help. Discuss In groups, talk about the other great modern inventions on the website on the next page. Support your ideas with details. Use the conversation in B1 for help. A: Kitty, the website also lists the computer as life-changing. Do you think it’s as important as the light bulb? B: Absolutely! It completely changes people’s daily habits—like how we shop, study, or even talk to friends now. Just imagine: before computers, storing information meant filling entire rooms with books! Now, one laptop holds millions of pages instantly. A: True! And it’s way safer than candles too—no fire risks when you’re typing late at night. But what about emergencies? Like if your house catches fire, would you grab your computer? SAMPLE 1 Discuss In groups, talk about the other great modern inventions on the website on the next page. Support your ideas with details. Use the conversation in B1 for help. B: Speaking of emergencies—that’s why the telephone beats everything! It makes communication easier in seconds. My grandma once called an ambulance during a storm because her neighbor had a heart attack. Without it? She’d have run miles through rain to find help! A: Fair point! But phones only let you talk. Computers do both—plus video calls, research, even diagnose illnesses online now. Remember last week when my cousin got a telehealth diagnosis? Saved her a 3-hour drive to the city! SAMPLE 1 Discuss In groups, talk about the other great modern inventions on the website on the next page. Support your ideas with details. Use the conversation in B1 for help. B: Okay, but phones change the way people work, too. Farmers in remote villages order seeds via text, teachers host virtual classes... You can’t do that with just a computer if there’s no internet! A: Whoa—so both are essential? Computers store knowledge, phones connect us right now. Maybe the greatest invention is… teamwork between them? SAMPLE 1 Update my to-do list Work in pairs. Think of other great inventions and talk about their influences on our lives. A: Jennie, do you think penicillin is the most important medicine ever? It saved millions of lives during World War II. B: Yes! Before penicillin, even a small cut could kill you. My great-grandpa died from an infected finger in 1942. But Qinghaosu might be more important today—it cures malaria, which still kills 600,000 people yearly. A: Indeed! But penicillin was the first wonder drug. In 1945, it turned pneumonia from deadly to easy to fix. Without it, hospitals would be full of dying soldiers! SAMPLE 2 Update my to-do list Work in pairs. Think of other great inventions and talk about their influences on our lives. B: Fair… but Qinghaosu works where penicillin fails. Malaria parasites resist antibiotics, but Qinghaosu kills them fast. In Vietnam, it reduced child deaths by 90%! A: Whoa! So penicillin = old hero, Qinghaosu = new hero? Like… Batman and Spider-Man? B: Exactly! And both came from accidents: Fleming saw mold killing bacteria, Tu Youyou found Qinghaosu in ancient Chinese books. Science needs luck! SAMPLE 2 Update my to-do list Work in pairs. Think of other great inventions and talk about their influences on our lives. A: William, do you think the steam engine is the greatest invention? It made travel faster—trains now cross countries in hours! B: Of course! Before steam engines, people walked or rode horses for weeks. My great-great-grandpa took 3 months to reach California! But the compass might be more important. Without it, ships would get lost at sea. A: I can’t agree more! But steam engines changed everything. In 1850, a train carried 100 tons of coal—powering factories that made clothes, tools, even toys! No steam engine = no modern cities. SAMPLE 3 Update my to-do list Work in pairs. Think of other great inventions and talk about their influences on our lives. B: Fair… but compasses saved lives first. In 1492, Columbus reached America because of his compass. And today, fishermen in storms use them—no electricity needed! A: Whoa! So steam engines built cities, but compasses opened the world? Like… Lego blocks and a map? B: Exactly! And both came from smart accidents: Watt improved steam engines by watching a kettle boil, and ancient Chinese found magnets pointing north in rocks. Science is everywhere! SAMPLE 3 1. 基础作业：完成教材配套的练习册内容。 2. 进阶作业：找出身边其他的伟大的发明，并用英语写下它的材料、功能和影响力。 3. 拓展作业：和一位同学一起编写一段对话，参照范例，讨论两种不同的伟大发明，以及它们对于我们现代人生活影响的方方面面。 Homework null Blues 202069.05 null Blues 118233.93 $