内容正文:
动词的时态和语态
1
语法聚焦
2
语法聚焦
【教材链接】
七年级上册Unit 1、Units 5-6及语法附属页P89-91;
七年级下册Units 6-8、Units 11-12及语法附属页P111-115;
八年级上册Unit 1、Units 6-7及语法附属页P116;
八年级下册Unit 5、Units 8-10及语法附属页P109-111;
九年级全一册Units 4-7、Unit 10、Units 12-14及语法附属页P150-152。
语法聚焦
【2026年浙江中考考向预测】
在浙江中考中,动词的时态和语态是必考点,一般会在词汇运用和语法填空中考查。动词的时态主要以一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时为主,其他时态为辅,并且基本可以通过时间状语或语篇时态判断出来。词汇运用考查动词的语态时通常会给出助动词,只需填其过去分词即可;语法填空通常结合时态一起考查:要先确定时态,再确定语态。预测2026年浙江中考仍然延续以往风格:词汇运用和语法填空考查动词常见的几种时态和语态。
语法聚焦
一般现在时 am/is/are;动词原形或第三人称单数形式 表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用 ①频度副词:
always,usually,
often,sometimes,
seldom,hardly,
never…
②频率词组:
once a year,
twice a month,
three times a day…
③其他:
in the morning,
on Sundays,
on weekends,
every day/year… 如:I play football every day.
我每天都踢足球。
表示主语的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态 如:She likes singing. 她喜欢唱歌。
表示客观事实或普遍真理 如:The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
在时间和条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来 如:If the telephone rings,I will answer it. 如果电话响了,我会接的。
考点透视
6
一般现在时 am/is/are;动词原形或第三人称单数形式 表示预先计划或安排好的行为,用一般现在时表示将来,仅限start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等 ①频度副词:
always,usually,
often,sometimes,
seldom,hardly,
never…
②频率词组:
once a year,
twice a month,
three times a day…
③其他:
in the morning,
on Sundays,
on weekends,
every day/year… 如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点开。
考点透视
7
一般过去时 was/were;动词的过去式 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ①ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,just now,one day,long long ago,once upon a time…
②last+时间名词
③at the age of,in the past,in 1920… 如:My father was very busy last month. 我父亲上个月很忙。
Tom was ill last week.
汤姆上周生病了。
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作 如:During the vacation,I often swam in the sea.
在假期里我经常在海里游泳。
考点透视
一般将来时 will+动词原形 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 ①tomorrow,soon
②next+时间名词
③in+时间段
④one day,some day,
in the (near) future… 如:The twins will go to the cinema with their parents tonight.
这对双胞胎今晚将和他(她)们的父母一起去看电影。
am/is/are
going to+动词原形 表示计划、打算做某事,还可表示很可能发生或有迹象表明要发生的事 如:We are going to have a meeting today. 我们今天要开会。
考点透视
现在进行时 am/is/are+动词的现在分词 表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行或发生的动作 ①now,right now
②at present,
at this time,
at the/this moment
③these days
④when,while
⑤Look!/Listen!… 如:We are waiting for you.
我们在等你。
表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作 如:We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
表示位置转移的动词,如go,come,leave,arrive等常用现在进行时表示将来 如:My friend is coming tomorrow.
我的朋友明天要来。
考点透视
过去进行时 was/were+动词的现在分词 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作 then,at that time,at ten yesterday,at this time yesterday… 如:In 1980,she was studying in a university. 1980年的时候她在上大学。
在when或while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句中,延续性动词用过去进行时,短暂性动词用一般过去时 如:He was reading a novel when I came in the room.
当我进入房间的时候,他正在看一本小说。
考点透视
现在完成时 have/
has+动词的过去分词 表示结束、结果:动作发生在过去,终止在过去,但其结果对现在仍有影响 already,ever,never,just,recently,still,yet,lately,so far,up to now… 如:I’ve already finished my homework. Can I watch TV now?
我已经完成家庭作业了。我现在能看电视吗?
表示继续:动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能延续下去,常与表示延续的时间状语连用 如:He has been here for five days.
他在这里已经待了五天。
have gone to 已去某地(未回来); have been to 曾去过某地(已经回来); have been in 仍在某地 ①in the past/last three years
②for+时间段
③since+过去某一时间点/从句等 如:She has gone to New York.
她去纽约了。(未回来)
She has been to New York.
她去过纽约了。(已经回来)
She has been in New York for a year. 她在纽约一年了。(还在纽约)
考点透视
【注意】
在现在完成时的句子中,短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的短语连用,需要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。如:
他参军已经三年了。
He has joined the army for three years.(×)
He has been in the army for three years.(√)
考点透视
常见的短暂性动词及其转换词:
become→have been
borrow→have kept
buy→have had
come→have been in
join→have been in
begin/start→have been on
stop→have been over
考点透视
leave→have been away
open→have been open
close→have been closed
lose→have been lost
marry→have been married
die→have been dead
break→have been broken
get up→have been up
考点透视
1.If farmers cut down trees and forests,giant pandas ___________(have) nowhere to live.
【解析】if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。故填入will have。
考点透视
【归纳总结】在英语中,有的句型与有的动词在时态的运用方面存在着特定的对应关系,如:(1)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句中用will表示一般将来时;(2)在“was/were about to do… when…”“was/were doing…when…”或“was/were on the point of doing…when…”句型中,when引导的从句用一般过去时;(3)在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动词都是过去发生的动作,一般来说,表示短暂性动作的动词用一般过去时,表示持续性动作的动词用过去进行时。
考点透视
2.Simon Dale and his father _______________(dig) into the side of a hill and then used the mud and stones to make the walls.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,题干中由and连接两个并列的谓语动词,即为“_____________ (dig)”和“used”,且根据used我们可知,and后面为一般过去时的表达,然后再根据“and前后时态保持一致”的原则,我们可以确定空格处也应该用一般过去时,因此此处应用dig的过去式。故填入dug。
考点透视
【归纳总结】在绝大多数情况下,动词的时态是由上下文来决定的,这就要求我们一方面要熟记各种时态的适用范围,另一方面要注意上下文的语境。
考点透视
1.One day,when Andy was taking a walk,he ____________ (碰巧) to pass by a charming farm.
2.If these concerns (担心) ____________ (继续),you can try talking with your teachers about them.
3.“The bell ____________ (ring) if I touch it and then I will be caught,” he said to himself. [2025·丽水庆元县模拟改编]
happened
continue
will ring
考点透视
4.According to him,AI has ___________ (增长) the speed of the audiobook production process. It has also greatly cut down on costs. [2025·山海联盟]
5.While we _______________ (eat) a pizza,they were baking biscuits,so we ate some.
6.Some people believe robots ____________ (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
7.I was born in Devon,in the southwest of England,but at the moment I ____________ (live) and working on Ascension Island.
increased
were eating
will take
am living
考点透视
常考被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are+done 如:Football is played in most countries in the world.
世界上大多数国家都踢足球。
一般过去时 was/were+done 如:My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+be+done 如:The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+done 如:The environment should be improved. 环境应当得到改善。
考点透视
常见被动语态的用法 不知道动作的执行者是谁 如:The bridge was built in 1980. 这座桥建于1980年。
没有必要指出动作的执行者 如:Many trees should be planted every year. 每年都应该种很多树。
需要强调和突出动作的承受者 如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
考点透视
主动语态变被动语态 巧记:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。
主动形式表示被动意义 系动词+形容词/名词 系动词包括:look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,turn等 如:The dish smells nice. 这道菜闻起来很香。
考点透视
主动形式表示被动意义 某些动词+副词well,easily,badly,smoothly等,且主语是物 动词包括:read,write,act,cut,wash,clean,draw,sell,lock,cook等 如:The cloth washes easily. 这种布容易清洗。
This kind of pen sells well here. 这种钢笔在这儿卖得很好。
其他结构 sth.+needs/requires/wants+doing sth. 如:The desk needs repairing. 这张课桌需要修理。
be worth doing sth. 如:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
考点透视
不能使用被动语态的情况 不及物动词(短语) 此类常见词包括:happen,take place,belong to等 如:The accident happened last night. 事故发生在昨晚。
表示状态的动词 此类常见词包括:have,own,fail,fit,cost,last (持续)等 如:The trousers fit me well. 这条裤子很适合我。
考点透视
【注意】
使役动词和感官动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,变被动语态时要还原to 此类常见词归纳:
一感(feel)
二听(hear/listen to)
三使(make/have/let)
四看(look/see/watch/notice) 如:I heard Amy sing that morning.
那天早上我听到艾米在唱歌。
→Amy was heard to sing that morning.
那天早上艾米被听到在唱歌。
考点透视
带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态有两种表达方式 此类常见词包括:give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等 如:He gave the girl a toy. 他给了这个女孩一个玩具。
→The girl was given a toy. 这个女孩分到了一个玩具。
→A toy was given to the girl. 一个玩具被分给了这个女孩。
考点透视
动词短语变被动语态时,不要丢掉动词后面的介词或副词 如:Mary looks after the children carefully.
玛丽很细致地照顾这些孩子。
→The children are looked after by Mary carefully.
这些孩子被玛丽细致地照顾着。
考点透视
Many trees ____________(plant) on the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.
【解析】根据题干中的“every year”可知,谓语动词的时态要用一般现在时;根据主语Many trees和plant之间是被动关系可知,谓语动词应为be done形式;且主语是复数,be动词应该为are。故填入are planted。
考点透视
【归纳总结】面对被动语态的题,首先要判断主语和谓语之间的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则该句为主动句;如果主语是动作的承受者,则该句为被动句。学生应依据句子意思作出正确的选择。
考点透视
1.My mother’s lost wallet was ____________ (归还) to her with all the money inside.
2.One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market,which
was ____________ (建造) in 1976. [2025·江苏扬州改编]
3.The games are _________________________ (把……视为) very “smart” with the use of technology.
returned
built
considered/regarded/seen
考点透视
4.You aren’t ____________ (allow) to eat food or drink except in places such as the restaurants and cafes. [2025·临考预测卷改编]
5.Bamboo is really a wonder of nature. This fast-growing plant can ____________ (see) everywhere and is widely used.
[2025·广西改编]
allowed
be seen
考点透视
$