2026年中考英语语法复习之时态复习

初中英语八大时态 一般现在时 一般将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在完成时 一般过去时 现在进行时 时态专题 第一人称 单数 I 第二人称 you 第三人称 he she it 第一人称 复数 we 第二人称 you 第三人称 they 人称代词主格 一般现在时 经常性、习惯性的动作； 目前存在的状态 一般现在时的应用 be动词 am, is ,are 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, is 用于他(he)她(she)它(it) 单数is,复数are 实义动词 注意动词第三人称单数形式 1. 直接+s 2. 以s/x/sh/ch 结尾 +es 3. 辅音字母+y 把y变i +es 情态动词 can/could may/might/ should/must等 +V原，本身无人称和数的变化。 助动词 do/does 帮助构成否定句、疑问句 动词种类 be动词的一般现在时(表目前存在状态) 1. I _____ (be)a student. 2. She _____ (be)sixteen years old. 3. We_____ (be)at home. 4. The cat _____ (be)on the floor. 5. Eric_______(be not) from America. 6. Both Kate and Frank _______(be) late for school. am is are is isn't are be动词 am, is ,are 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, is 用于他(he)她(she)它(it) 单数is,复数are 实义动词 注意动词第三人称单数形式 1. 直接+s 2. 以s/x/sh/ch 结尾 +es 3. 辅音字母+y 把y变i +es 情态动词 can/could may/might/should/must +V原，本身无人称和数的变化。 助动词 do/does 帮助构成否定句、疑问句 一般现在时: 强调经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 主语为第三人称单数时谓语动词用第三人称单数；主语为其他人称 动词用原形 实义动词的一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作 常和这些词连用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom…once a week... everyday, every morning, every Sunday… 1. I____ the Internet once a week . (use) 2. She often_____ to the movies on weekends. (go) 3. My cousin never _____ the dishes.(do) 4.Tom usually _____ TV on weekends.(watch) 5. She _____ on schooldays.(study) 6. Joe ______ eight classes every Monday.(have) 7. My little sister _______ herself on school days.(enjoy) use goes does watches studies has enjoys 1. My favorite subject is English. 否定句：__________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________? 2. They are students. 否定句：__________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________? 反义疑问句：______________________？ be not am not is not =isn't are not =aren't My favorite subject isn't English Is your favorite subject English They aren't students Are they students They are students, aren't they 1. I have some brothers. 否定句：__________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________? 2. He wants to join the art club. 否定句：__________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________? 反义疑问句：___________________________？ I don't have any brothers. Do you have any brothers He doesn't want to join the art club Does he want to join the art club do not =don't does not =doesn't He wants to join the art club, doesn't he 助动词：do/ does 宾语从句中的一般现在时 1.Do you know where he lives? 2.My teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 3.My teacher told us that light runs faster than sound. 时间状语从句，原因状语从句，条件语从句 如果主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时 1. If you eat bad food, you'll be ill. 2. Please let me know if he comes back. 3. If you can study harder,you will get good grades. 4. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 一般过去时 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，因此常和表示过去的时间状语连用 过去的时间状语:1.yesterday( morning,afternoon, evening,)昨天… the day before yesterday前天……2.last(night,year,month,Monday.....)上一个……3.（two days,two years......)ago(几天 前 4.In (..........2019)在。。。。年5.Just now 刚才6.Once upon a time 从前7.Long long ago 很久很久以前 ※一般过去时也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常和often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用He always went to work by bus last year. 规则动词 过去式的构成 1.一般在动词后加ed look--looked play--played 2.以e 结尾的加d live--lived use--used 3.以辅音字母加y变i加ed study--studied carry--carried worry-worried 4.重读音节双写 stop--stopped plan --planned shop--shopped drop --dropped 不规则动词硬记 I am at home. (用yesterday 改写句子) I was at home yesterday. 否定句： I wasn't at home yesterday. be动词一般过去时 was(am/is) were(are) was not =wasn't were not = weren't Where were you yesterday? 一般疑问句： --Were you at home yesterday? --Yes, I was. -- No, I wasn't. 划线部分提问： I take the bus to school everyday.(everyday 改成this morning) I took the bus to school this morning. 否定句： 一般疑问句： I didn't take the bus to school this morning. --Did you take the bus to school this morning? --Yes, I did. --No, I didn't. 划线部分提问： How did you get to school this morning? 助动词:did 现在进行时 目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 现在进行时构成： be + V-ing(现在分词) （am/is/ are） V-ing(现在分词)构成： 1. + ing go-going talk-talking 2. 以不发音e结尾，去e加ing take-taking write-writing 3. 重读闭音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音字母， 双写末尾辅音字母+ing stop-stopping shop-shopping drop-dropping swim-swimming begin-beginning get-getting run-running sit-sitting put-putting cut-cutting …… 现在进行时 1. 表示现在正在进行或正在发生的动作。 1) I am teaching now. 2) Students are listening to the teacher carefully. 3) Listen! The girl is singing. 4) Look! Eric and Bob are playing computer games. 2. 表示当前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的动作。 We are working on the farm these days. I'm studying at home this month. 3. 表示将来。 We are leaving for Shanghai. They are sitting by the pool. What are they doing? --Are they sitting by the pool? --Yes, they are. -- No, they aren't. 划线部分提问： 否定句： They aren't sitting by the pool. 一般疑问句： They are sitting by the pool. 一般将来时 将来某个时间要 发生的动作或存在的状态 一般将来时：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的 状态。常和表示将来的时间状语连用。 表示将来的时间状语 1. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow 2. in the future 3. next (week, month, year, Monday……) 4. in + 一段时间 在多久以后(How soon提问) in three days 在三天后 --How soon will you arrive home? --I will arrive home in 2 days. 一般将来时构成： 1. will + V原形 1） We ____ _____less pollution in the future. 2) My friend ____ _____me next week. 3) What ____the future____ like? People will use money in 100 years. 否定句 一般疑问句 People won't use money in 100 years. will not =won't --Will peple use money in 100 years? --Yes, they will. --No, they won't. wil have will visit will be will 缩写 'll 一般将来时构成： 2. be going to + V原形 将要（打算、计划）做… 1） I ____ ____ __ _____medicine at a university. 2) He ___ ____ __ ___ acting lessons. 3. We ___ ____ __ _____a meeting next Monday. am going to study is going totake are going to have The Smiths are going to see a Peking opera this evening. 否定句 一般疑问 句 The Smiths aren't going to see a Peking opera this evening. --Are the Smiths going to see a Peking opera this evening? --Yes, they are. -- No, they aren't. 划线提问 What are the Smiths going to do this evening? 一般将来时构成： 1. wil + V原形 2. be going to +V原形 There be 句型的将来时： There will be … There is/are going to be … There is a park.(改写句子) There _____________ a park next year. There _____________ a park next year. will be is going to be There are some trees.(改写句子) There ______________more trees in the future. There ______________more trees in the future. will be are going to be 一般将来时构成： 1. will + V原形 2. be going to +V原形 There be 句型的将来时： There will be … There is/are going to be … There is a park.(改写句子) There _____________ a park next year. There _____________ a park next year. will be is going to be There are some trees.(改写句子) will be are going to be 1)There ______________more trees in the future. 2)There ______________more trees in the future. will be are going to be 否定句 一般疑问句 1)There won't be more trees in the future. 2)There aren't going to be more trees in the future. 1)Will there be more trees in the future? 2)Are there going to be more trees in the future? 条件状语从句，时间状语从句,目的状语从句，等状语从句中： （主句将来时，从句一般现在时） 1.If you go to the party, you will have a great time! 2.I will wait for him until he come. 3.As soon as I arrive here, I will call you. The minute I get there, I will write to you. 4.I'm going to take him to some famous hutongs so that he can learn more about China. I wonder if he will come tomorrow. （条件状语从句 if 如果） (宾语从句 if 是否) 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. We ______________(come) to see you next week. 2. In the future,there ___________(be) less fresh water. 3. __________people__________(use) money in 100 years ? 4. The Smiths ____________(see) a Peking opera this evening. 5. They ___________________(play) basketball next week. will come will be Will use will see will play 6 . I think I _____________(take) the bus to the party tomorrow. 7. What _____________(happen) if they have the party tonight? 8. If she doesn’t study today, her parents___________(be) angry 9. I__________(wait) until he comes back tomorrow 10. Do you know if he _______(come) to the party? I think he _______(come)if he is free tomorrow will take will happen will be will wait will come will come 单项选择 （ ）1. I _________all the homework in half an hour. A.finishes B.finished C. will finish D. finishing （ ）2.We will go shopping if it ______tomorrow. A.doesn’t rain B.wasn’t rain C. won’t rain D.isn’t rain （ ）3.Let’s go fishing if it _______this weekend , but nobody know if it ______. A.is fine, will rain B.will be, rains C.will be fine, will rain D is fine, rains （ ）4.If you ________hard, you ________the final exam A.study, won’t pass B.will study, pass C. will study , will pass D.don’t study,won’t pass C A A D （ ）5. When _________again? When he ________, I will let you know. A.he come, comes B.will he come, will come C.he comes,will comet D.will he come,comes （ ）6. We won’t go to the Great Wall if it ________ tomorrow. A.rains B.rain C.will rain D.raining （ ）7.If I become rich, I ___help the poor people A. was able to B.am able to C.wasn’t able to D.will be able to （ ）8. I don’t know if it ________tomorrow A. snows B.will snow C. snowed D.is snowing （ ）9.We never know what ________in the future A.happen B.happened C. will happen D.happening D A D B C 过去进行时 过去某一时刻或阶段正 在发生的动作、所做的事情 过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行 的动作。 构成： was/were + V-ing 常用的时间状语： 1. at that time 2. at 8:00 yesterday morning类 3. from 8:00 to 10:00 yesterday类 4. When/while+时间状语从句 I ___________(do) my homework when my father came home yesterday. 否定句： 一般疑 问句： was doing I wasn't doing my homework when my father came home yesterday. --Were you doing your homework when your father came home yesterday? --Yes, I was. --No, I wasn't. I was doing my homework when my father came home yesterday. 划线 提问： What were you doing when your faher came home yesterday? 应用： 1. I __________(read) at eight last night. 2. --What _______ he ________(do) when the rainstorm came? -- He __________(wait) for the bus when the rainstorm came. 3. --What was Jenny doing while Linda ________(sleep)? --Jenny _________(sweep) the floor while Linda __________(sleep). 4. He told me that he __________(take) a walk when I called him. was reading doing was was waiting was sleeping was sweeping was sleeping was taking 一般过去时与过去进行时的区分 一般过去时：过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 He wrote a letter last night. He was writing a letter last night. 过去进行时：强调过去时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。 1.It’s seven o’clock. I _________(have) breakfast. 2. She ________(do) her homework from 8o’clock to 10o’clock yesterday. 3.What ______she ______(do) at the time of the rainstorm? 4.She __________(leave) here two hours ago. 5.--What _________he ______(do) when the rainstorm came? --He _______(read) in the library when the rainstorm came 6. --What _____you ____(do) while Linda _________(sleep) ? --While Linda __________(sleep),I _________(help) Mary with her homework am having was doing was doing left was doing was reading were doing was sleeping was sleeping was helping 7. While John ____________(take) photos, Mary bought a drink. John ___________(take) photos when Mary bought a drink. 8.I ________(do) my homework while my father ________(watch) TV. 9.I ________(come)back in a minute. 10.She _________(come) just now. 11.I ________( sleep )at that time at home yesterday. 12. He asked me what _______ at 8 last night? A. was I doing B. I was doing C. did I do D. I did was taking was taking was doing was watching will come came was sleeping 现在完成时I 过去完成的动作对现 在的影响 发生在过去且持续至今的动作或存在的状态 现在完成时：是表示动作在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态。 现在完成时的构成： 规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样； 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表。(硬背) have / has + done(过去分词) 说明: 1）助动词have, has 可以与前面的主语缩写为 've 和's.如: we’ve, they’ve, he’s, it’s 等。 2）have not 常缩写为haven’t；has not 常缩 写为hasn’t。 现在 将来 过去 1. 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 现在 过去 常与下列状语连用: already（多用于肯定句）--已经 ever（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）--曾经 yet(用于否定句或疑问句句尾)--已经 just（位于谓语动词前）--刚刚 before（一般位于句末）--以前 现在完成时的用法： 1. 肯定句: 句中(助后实前) “己经”； I’ve already had breakfast. already在现在完成时中的用法 2. 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时, 将already要变成yet放在句末。 I have already done my homework. 3. 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时, 判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late. 否定句: 一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet? I haven’t done my homework yet. yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句：句末 “还(没)”；疑问句：句末 “己经” I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? 1.I’ve never been to Beijing. 2. --Have they ever travelled by train? --No, never.3. I’ve just had breakfast. 4. What have they just done? 5. I’ve watched the movie before. have(has) been to+sp. 去过某地 have(has) gone to+sp. 去了某地 have(has) been in +sp. 在某地 She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海。 （她现在不在上海了） His father has gone to Beijing. 他的爸爸去了北京。（他的爸爸现在不在这） I have been in Jijia for 10 years. 我在纪家10年了。 1.--________you ________(read) Treasure Island yet? --Yes, I have. 2.I ________already _______(see) the film twice. 3.I _________already________(finish) __________(read) this book. 4.I ________(cut)down many trees two hours ago 5.A few weeks ago,I __________(find) the mark on the island 6.She _________just_________(drink) some tea. Have read have seen have finished reading cut found has drunk 7. I ____________(not tell) them yet. 8.She ________never_________(listen) to this songs. 9.--_________She _________(write) that song ? --Yes, she has. 10.He_______________(sing) this songs before. 11.--What _______you________(read) right now? --I _________(read) Treasure Island haven't told has listened Has written hasn't sung are reading am reading ( )1.--Have you had your meal________? --Yes, I have ______had it. A.already,yet B.yet, already C. already,yet. D.yet,yet ( )2. My sister has______started junior high school. A. just B. already C.before.D.ago ( )3. --Peter isn't here. Where is he now? --He ____ the library. A.will go to B.has been to C.has gone to D.goes to ( ) 4. My cousin ___ Beijing for a month. A. has come to B. came to C. has been in D.has gone to B A C C 现在完成时II 过去完成的动作对现 在的影响 发生在过去且持续至今的动作或存在的状态 常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，如: for + 时间段， since +时间点， since + 时间段+ago, since + 句子 (用过去时)。 现在完成时的用法： 现在 过去 2. 表示过去某一时间已经开始，持续 到现在的 动作或状态。 He’s studied for 2 hours. 1）for +时间段 I have been here for 4 years. 2） since +时间点 I have been here since 2016. 3）since+时间段+ago I have been here since 4 years ago. 4) since + 句子（过去时） I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2016. 表示 强调 用since或for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland_______Monday. 2.Jill has been in Ireland_______three days. 3.Two years has passed_______he left Beijing. 4.Molly has kept the book______two weeks ago. 5.India has been an independent country_______1947. 6.The bus is late.They've been waiting_____20 minutes. 7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty________many years. 8.Mike has been ill_______a long time.He has been in hospital _______October. since for since since since for for for since 对for/since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. 1. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? 2. She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here? 5) 非延续性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. (误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 非延续性动词，可用于现在完成时，但不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。 如果句中有表示一段时间的状语， 需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。 例：He has come to Japan for two weeks. He has been in Japan for two weeks. The man has died since five years ago. The man has been dead since five years ago. （误） （正） （正） 例：The man died five years ago. （正） （误） 常见的非延续性动词有：come, go, join, leave, buy, die become, get up, begin, open, stop 等。 非延续性动词转换为延续性动词： leave-- be away come/go (to) -- be (in / at) arrive (at/in)-- be (in / at) get (to)— be ( in / at ) reach— be (in / at ) finish—be over join—be in ; be a/ an start/begin—be on die—be dead close—be closed open—be open marry—be married become—be return—be back (1) 电影已经开始了。 The movie has begun. buy—have borrow—keep (2) 电影已开始5分钟了。 The movie has been on for five minutes. so far, once/twice/ three times , all one’s life 例: 1. They have learnt 2000 words so far. 2. Tom has seen the film twice. 3. Her father has worked in the factory all his life. in the past +一段时间 / during the last +一段时间 例:1. They have built many high buildings in the past three years. 2. Great changes have taken place in China during the last two years. 与现在完成时连用 现在完成时和一般过去式的区别： 现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响， 它和现在有密切的联系。 (2) 你什么时候在哪吃的晚饭？ When and where did you have supper? (1) 我已吃过晚饭。 I have had supper. 一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点， 不涉及对现在造成的影响。 所以，凡是含有表示过去的时间状语的句子， 都必须用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 现在完成时用法 1. 过去发生动作对现在造成的影响或结果 for + 时间段， since +时间点， since + 时间段+ago, since + 句子 (用过去时)。 构成： have / has + done(过去分词) 2. 过去发生的动作一直延续到现在， 1）表示时间的延续用for/since 2）动词为延续性动词，若动词为非延续性动词， 变为延续性动词。 1. I___________(live) here for 10 years. 2. She _________(live) here since 2 years ago 3. They __________(live) here since 2000 4. She ___________(teach) us since I came to this school. 5. --How long ______you_______(work) in this factory? --For three years 6.They ___________(learn) 2000 words so far. 7.They __________(build) many high buildings in the past three years. 8. Great changes _____________(take)place in China for the last two years。 9. I _________(not see) you for a long time. 10.He ____________(live) here in 1992. have lived has lived have lived has taught have worked have learnt have built have taken haven't seen lived ( )1. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept ( )2. Mr. Jack _____ China for several years. A. has been to B. has come to C. has been in D. came to ( ) 3. Jack______school two years ago and he has ______for two years. A.leaves, be away from B.left, been away from C. left , gone D.left, been away ( )4.My father _____ Shanghai twice. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has gone in D c D A 过去完成时 到某一过去时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在状态 从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态 过去完成时： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 现在 过去 过去的过去 过去完成时： 动作发生在 过去的过去。 构成 had +done(过去分词） had not=hadn't 1. By the time I got there, the bus had already left. (在……之前) 2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 3. The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema. 过去将来时 从过去某一时刻看将 来要发生的动作或状态 1. I didn't know if he would come. 2. My parents said that they were going to Shanghai next month. 3. She was sixty. In three years, she would be sixty-three. 4. I was about to go up when I decided to a coffee first. 过去将来时 构成： was/were going to +V原 would+V原 was/were about to do sth. 1. The wife told her husband that unless he left the children to die in the forest, the whole family ___________(die). 2. By the time I got outside, the __________already________(leave). 3. When I got to school,I realized I _____________(leave) my homework at home. 4. The movie ___________(start) before I arrived at the cinema. would die had left had left had started 1. By the end of last Friday, we _________(learn) 20000English words. 2. Miss Zhang said she ___________(visit) the Great Wall next summer 3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy __________(come) the next year had learnt would visit would come 单项选择 ( )1.Li Ming said he _____happy if Li Lei _______to China. A. will ,come B.was,would come C.would be ,came D.will be,come ( )2.I hoped Tom________to my birthday party on the next Monday. A.to come B. is coming C,will come D,was coming. ( )3.By the time I got back to school,the bell_______. A,ring B.rang C.would ring D.had rung ( ) 4.Before I got to the bus stop, the bus ________ A.left B has left C.would left D.had left. C D D D 初中英语八大时态 I am a student. He gets up at six every day. The sun rises from the east. The train had left when I got there. We had lived here for five years before you came to Beijing. He said that he would come to see me soon. 目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 到某一过去时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在状态 从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态 从过去某一动作或时间看来计划或打算做某事或将要发生的动作或状态 过去完成的动作或事情对现在的影响 发生在过去且持续至今的动作或存在的状态 They will go to Beijing tomorrow. It is going to rain soon. We have already seen the film before. How long has he learned English? What are you doing now? I am learning English. 目前存在的状态； 经常性、习惯性的动作 自然现象 一般现在时 一般将来时 计划或打算做某事 将要发生的动作或存在的状态 过去进行时 Tom was doing homework that time. They were building a road those days. 过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作、所做的事情 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 一般过去时 He wrote a letter last night. We were at home yesterday. 现在进行时 8 Tenses in Junior High School 情态动词的一般现在时 can/ must/shoud/could/ may/ might/would等 特点：无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 用法： 1. can 表能力/许可/请求I can dance. You can shop on Monday. 2. must 表必须。mustn't 禁止 You must go to school on time. 3. should 表应该。 You should get up early. 4. could、 may 表 委婉的请求、许可 Could you sweep the floor? Could I stay out late? May I help you? May I borrow your bike? 5. would表意愿 Would you like some coffee? 6.can/ could/ may/might/must/can't 表推测。can/could 可能 may/might可能 must 一定 can't 不可能 $