Unit 1单元重点语法（动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语）讲练-2025-2026学年人教版 八年级英语下册

该初中英语讲义通过层级结构系统梳理动词不定式知识体系，按“基本形式-句法功能-细分用法”递进组织，涵盖肯定/否定形式、作状语（目的/结果/原因）和宾语补足语（带to/不带to）等重难点，清晰呈现语法点内在逻辑，助力学生构建语言能力基础。 讲义亮点在于“即讲即练”分层设计，如选择“not to be”、填空“to take”及同义句转换，结合“in order to”与“so as to”用法对比、感官动词不定式与-ing差异分析，培养思维品质与学习能力。基础题夯实基础，综合题提升应用，支持学生自主复习，教师可实施精准分层教学。

动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语 1、动词不定式基本形式： 肯定式为“to+动词原形”，否定式直接在to前加not，为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式中的动词也可以有自己的宾语或状语等，动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 例：She asked me to drive him to the station.她要我开车送他到车站。 Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米。 She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来。 【注意】（1）在有些情况下，动词不定式可以省略to，这时和动词原形形式相同，但它不是原形。（2）动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化。 例：I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干。 【即讲即练】 ① My father told me ________ scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby. A．not to be B．to not be C．be not D．not be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲告诉我，在学习一项新爱好时不要害怕犯错。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。not to be不要；to not be语序错误；be not不符合tell sb. to do结构；not be缺少不定式符号to。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，固定搭配，其否定形式是在不定式前加not，即tell sb. not to do sth.。故选A。 ② I often watch movies _________. A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．relaxed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我经常看电影来放松。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。relax放松，动词原形；relaxing放松，现在分词/动名词；to relax放松，动词不定式；relaxed放松，过去式/过去分词。根据“I often watch movies...”可知，看电影的目的是为了放松，应用动词不定式to relax作目的状语。故选C。 ③ It’s time for us (take) action. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：是我们采取行动的时候了。take action“采取行动”，It’s time for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“是某人做某事的时候了”，此处用动词不定式。故填to take。 ④ I hope (see) you at the party. 【答案】to see 【详解】句意：我希望在聚会上见到你。see意为“看见；见到”，是动词；根据固定搭配hope to do sth.“希望做某事”可知，空处需用动词不定式。故填to see。 2、动词不定式基本句法功能： 动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，本单元主要学习作状语和宾语补足语的用法。 （1）动词不定式作状语 动词不定式常可用作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 动词不定式作目的状语 作目的状语，动词不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调也可放在句首。 例：To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的 生活，我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品. 为加强语气在，动词不定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组，即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。 例：I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事。 In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量。 【注意】“in order to do”可以放句首，也可以放后面，“so as to do”不能放句首，只能放后面。 【即讲即练】 ① She went to the art club ________ her painting skills. A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．improved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她去艺术俱乐部是为了提高她的绘画技能。 考查非谓语动词。根据“She went to the art club...her painting skills.”可知，她去艺术俱乐部的目的是“提高绘画技能”，需用动词不定式表示目的。故选B。 ② He bought some new ink ________ for his calligraphy practice. A．use B．using C．used D．to use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他买了一些新墨水来用于书法练习。 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，空处应表示“为了用于书法练习”，表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 ③ They set up an organization (raise) money. 【答案】to raise 【详解】句意：他们建立一个机构来筹款。raise“筹集”,根据“set up an organization”可知，此处表达建立机构的目的，用不定式形式来作目的状语，所以用to raise。故填to raise。 ④ He went to the library (borrow) a book. 【答案】to borrow 【详解】句意：他去图书馆借一本书。borrow“借”，动词。此处用to borrow表示去图书馆的目的，动词不定式作目的状语，符合语境和语法要求。故填to borrow。   ⑤ I relax by listening to music in my free time. (改为同义句) I listen to music in my free time. 【答案】 to relax 【详解】句意：我在空闲时间通过听音乐来放松。“by doing sth.”表示“通过做某事（的方式）”，而“to do sth.”表示“为了做某事（的目的）”，二者在这里都可以表达“听音乐”是为了“放松”这一目的，因此可以互换。故填to；relax。 · 动词不定式作结果状语 例：He woke up only to find everybody gone.他醒来时发现所有人都走了。 He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 动词不定式作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to...”、以及“too...to...”等结构中的。 例：She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了。 He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉，没法开车回家。 He is old enough to go to school.他已经到了上学的年龄。 【即讲即练】 ① This question is_______difficult for me_________answer. A. so; that B. too;to C. such; that D. enough;to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个问题对我来说太难了以至于我答不上来。 考查固定句型辨析。so; that如此……以至于，so后接形容词或副词； too; to.……而不能，too后接形容词或副词；such; that如此……以至于，such后接名词；enough;to足够……做某事，enough修饰形容词或副词时放在其后面。根据“This question is...difficult for me...answer.”可知，此处表示问题太难了以至于答不上来，difficult是形容词，用too...to...结构。故选B。 ② The book is________for a seven-year-old boy______ A. enough easy; reading B.enough easy;to read C.easy enough;reading D. easy enough;to read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本书对一个七岁的男孩来说读起来足够容易。 考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词时应后置，即“形容词+enough”,第一个空填easy enough; enough to do sth.“足够…….做某事”,固定搭配，后接动词不定式，第二个空填to read。故选D。 ③ The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. (保持句意不变) The box is ______heavy for me________carry. 【答案】 too ；to 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。原句为“so+形容词+ that+结果状语从句(如此.……以至于……”结构，可以转换为“too+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.(对某人来说太……而不能做某事)”。故填too; to。 · 动词不定式作原因状语 例：She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸，她就不寒而栗.。 We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息，我们都高兴地跳了起来。 有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式，常用于句型“主语+ be + 形容词 (happy, glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等) + to do sth.”中，作原因状语。 例：I’m glad to see you again. 我很高兴再次见到你。 I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这个消息我感到遗憾。 【即讲即练】 ① 我发现他们已经离开了，觉得很失望。 I_____ ___________ ____ find that they had left already. 【答案】 was disappointed to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“觉得很失望”。be disappointed to do sth.表示“做某事感到失望”,根据句意可知，“发现”这一动作发生在过去，句子使用一般过去时，主语是I, be动词用was。故填was; disappointed; to。 （2）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 有很多动词后面都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏. 例：Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭. 【即讲即练】 ① The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities. A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师鼓励我们表达自己对课后活动的想法。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式to express。故选B。 ② My teacher told me _________ so easily. A．not give up B．not to give up C．to not give up D．don’t give up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的老师告诉我不要轻易放弃。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。动词tell后接宾语时常用“tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构，意为“告诉某人 (不) 要做某事”，否定形式应将not置于不定式符号to之前。故选B。 ③ She joined us _________ tennis last weekend. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末她和我们一起打网球。 考查非谓语动词。play玩，动词原形；to play玩，动词不定式；playing玩，动名词或现在分词；played玩，过去式或过去分词。join sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“和某人一起做某事”，此处to play表示目的。故选B。 ④ My parents allow me (watch) TV on weekends. 【答案】to watch 【详解】句意：周末，我的父母允许我看电视。allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”；此处用to do不定式作宾语补足语。故填to watch。 ⑤ She asked me (help) her with English. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：她请求我帮助她学习英语。ask sb. to do sth.表示“请求某人做某事”，所以空格处应填动词不定式to help。故填to help。 ⑥ The teacher tells the children (not swim) in the river. It’s too dangerous! 【答案】not to swim 【详解】句意：老师告诉孩子们不要在这条河里游泳。太危险了！tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，空处需填动词不定式的否定形式。故填not to swim。 ⑦ 老师要求我们上学别迟到。 The teacher asks us late for school. 【答案】 not to be 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“别迟到”的表达。be late for“迟到”，ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故填not；to；be。 · 有一些动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，这常见有两类，一类是感觉动词，如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等，另一类是使役动词，如make, let, have等。动词help之后，动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to，亦可不带to。 例：Let me do it for you.让我来替你做. Don't let her go out.别让她出去. I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干. 【注意】含有上述动词的主动语态的句子转换为被动语态时，不定式中省略的to要加上。 例：He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院. I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业. Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗? 【即讲即练】 ① They let us _________ our favourite activities on Saturdays. A．do B．to do C．doing D．did 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们让我们在星期六做我们最喜欢的活动。 考查let的用法。let sb. do sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，后接动词原形。故选A。 ② She made me _________ to give it a try. A．decide B．to decide C．deciding D．decided 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她让我决定去试一试。 考查使役动词make的用法。decide动词原形；to decide动词不定式；deciding现在分词/动名词；decided过去式/过去分词。使役动词make后接宾语和宾语补足语时，常用“make sb. do sth.”结构，即用动词原形作宾补，表示“让某人做某事”。故选A。 ③ The boss makes the workers (work) for ten hours every day. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：老板让工人们每天工作十个小时。work“工作”，此句时态为一般现在时，用于固定搭配：make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，所以work用动词原形，作宾语补足语。故填work。 · 感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性，用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。(路过的瞬间正在唱，所以用singing) 例：We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。(经常听见，用 不定式) I saw him come in. 我看见他进来。（动作已经完成） I saw him coming in. 我看见他进来。 （动作正在进行） 【即讲即练】 ① She saw her sister _________ a beautiful painting when she walked past her room. A．paint B．to paint C．painting D．paints 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当她经过她的房间时，她看见她的姐姐正在画一幅美丽的画。 考查非谓语动词。根据“when she walked past her room”可知，“看见”的动作发生时，“画”的动作正在进行，应用“see sb. doing sth.”结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故选C。 ② I saw Tom (run) to catch the bus this morning. He was almost late! 【答案】running 【详解】句意：今天早上我看见汤姆跑着去赶公交车，他差点迟到了！“see sb. doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；此处描述“我”看到汤姆正在跑着赶车的场景，故填running。 ③ 我看见他进了老师办公室。 I saw him the teachers’ office. 【答案】 get into 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“进了”。“进入（某处）”用固定短语“get into”表达；在“see sb. do sth.”结构中，“do”用动词原形，强调看到动作的全过程。故填get；into。 综合练习 从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空，两个选项多余。 relax,  express,  have,  play,  take,  deal,  help,  do,  watch,  fear,  fly 11．My parents want me calligraphy every day. 12．Lily, it’s important your own hobbies. They will make our lives colorful. 13．Do you want to join us a kung fu movie? 14．He wrote a poem his happiness. 15．—I don’t know how with the difficult situation. —Why not ask your parents for help? 16．I often watch Lucy and Lily badminton in the park. 17．I never expected you me at once. 18．The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us (take) action right now. 19．He has a f of heights, so he never goes to the top of tall buildings. 【答案】11．to do 12．to have 13．to watch 14．to express 15．to deal 16．play 17．to help 18．to take 19．fear/ear 【解析】11．句意：我父母想让我每天都练习书法。根据“calligraphy”以及结合所给词可知，此处指练习书法，“do calligraphy”意为“练习书法”，“want sb. to do sth.”表示“想要某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to do。故填to do。 12．句意：莉莉，拥有自己的爱好很重要。它们会让我们的生活丰富多彩。根据“your own hobbies”以及结合所给词可知，此处指拥有自己的爱好，“have”意为“拥有”，“it’s+adj+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，所以此处用动词不定式to have。故填to have。 13．句意：你想和我们一起看功夫电影吗？根据“a kung fu movie”以及结合所给词可知，此处指看功夫电影，“watch”意为“观看”，“join sb. to do sth.”表示“加入某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to watch。故填to watch。 14．句意：他写了一首诗来表达他的幸福。根据“wrote a poem”以及“his happiness”可知，写诗是为了表达幸福，“express”意为“表达”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to express。 15．句意：——我不知道如何处理这种困难的情况。——为什么不向你父母寻求帮助呢？根据“with the difficult situation”以及结合所给词可知，此处指处理困难的情况，“deal with”意为“处理”，“how to do sth”表示“如何做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to deal。故填to deal。 16．句意：我经常看到露西和莉莉在公园里打羽毛球。根据“badminton”以及结合所给词可知，此处指打羽毛球，“play badminton”表示“打羽毛球”，“watch sb. do sth.”表示“看到某人做某事”，强调看到动作的全过程，所以此处用动词原形play。故填play。 17．句意：我从没想到你会马上帮我。根据“me at once”以及结合所给词可知，此处指马上帮我，“help”意为“帮助”，“expect sb. to do sth.”表示“期望某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to help。故填to help。 18．句意：“时间不等人”这句谚语提醒我们立即采取行动。take action“采取行动”，“remind sb. to do sth.”表示“提醒某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to take。故填to take。 19．句意：他有恐高症，所以他从不去高楼的顶部。根据“so he never goes to the top of tall buildings”以及结合所给词可知，此处指他有恐高症，“fear”意为“恐惧”，“have a fear of”表示“害怕……”。故填fear。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语 1、动词不定式基本形式： 肯定式为“to+动词原形”，否定式直接在to前加not，为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式中的动词也可以有自己的宾语或状语等，动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 例：She asked me to drive him to the station.她要我开车送他到车站。 Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米。 She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来。 【注意】（1）在有些情况下，动词不定式可以省略to，这时和动词原形形式相同，但它不是原形。（2）动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化。 例：I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干。 【即讲即练】 ① My father told me ________ scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby. A．not to be B．to not be C．be not D．not be ② I often watch movies _________. A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．relaxed ③ It’s time for us (take) action. ④ I hope (see) you at the party. 2、动词不定式基本句法功能： 动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，本单元主要学习作状语和宾语补足语的用法。 （1）动词不定式作状语 动词不定式常可用作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 动词不定式作目的状语 作目的状语，动词不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调也可放在句首。 例：To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的 生活，我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品. 为加强语气在，动词不定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组，即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。 例：I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事。 In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量。 【注意】“in order to do”可以放句首，也可以放后面，“so as to do”不能放句首，只能放后面。 【即讲即练】 ① She went to the art club ________ her painting skills. A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．improved ② He bought some new ink ________ for his calligraphy practice. A．use B．using C．used D．to use ③ They set up an organization (raise) money. ④ He went to the library (borrow) a book. ⑤ I relax by listening to music in my free time. (改为同义句) I listen to music in my free time. · 动词不定式作结果状语 例：He woke up only to find everybody gone.他醒来时发现所有人都走了。 He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 动词不定式作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的。 例：She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了。 He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉，没法开车回家。 He is old enough to go to school.他已经到了上学的年龄。 【即讲即练】 ① This question is_______difficult for me_________answer. A. so; that B. too;to C. such; that D. enough;to ② The book is________for a seven-year-old boy______ A. enough easy; reading B.enough easy;to read C.easy enough;reading D. easy enough;to read ③ The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. (保持句意不变) The box is ______heavy for me________carry. · 动词不定式作原因状语 例：She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸，她就不寒而栗.。 We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息，我们都高兴地跳了起来。 有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式，常用于句型“主语+ be + 形容词 (happy, glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等) + to do sth.”中，作原因状语。 例：I’m glad to see you again. 我很高兴再次见到你。 I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这个消息我感到遗憾。 【即讲即练】 ① 我发现他们已经离开了，觉得很失望。 I_____ ___________ ____ find that they had left already. （2）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 有很多动词后面都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏. 例：Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭. 【即讲即练】 ① The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities. A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed ② My teacher told me _________ so easily. A．not give up B．not to give up C．to not give up D．don’t give up ③ She joined us _________ tennis last weekend. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played ④ My parents allow me (watch) TV on weekends. ⑤ She asked me (help) her with English. ⑥ The teacher tells the children (not swim) in the river. It’s too dangerous! ⑦ 老师要求我们上学别迟到。 The teacher asks us late for school. · 有一些动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，这常见有两类，一类是感觉动词，如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等，另一类是使役动词，如make, let, have等。动词help之后，动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to，亦可不带to。 例：Let me do it for you.让我来替你做. Don't let her go out.别让她出去. I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干. 【注意】含有上述动词的主动语态的句子转换为被动语态时，不定式中省略的to要加上。 例：He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院. I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业. Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗? 【即讲即练】 ① They let us _________ our favourite activities on Saturdays. A．do B．to do C．doing D．did ② She made me _________ to give it a try. A．decide B．to decide C．deciding D．decided ③ The boss makes the workers (work) for ten hours every day. · 感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性，用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。(路过的瞬间正在唱，所以用singing) 例：We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。(经常听见，用 不定式) I saw him come in. 我看见他进来。（动作已经完成） I saw him coming in. 我看见他进来。 （动作正在进行） 【即讲即练】 ① She saw her sister _________ a beautiful painting when she walked past her room. A．paint B．to paint C．painting D．paints ② I saw Tom (run) to catch the bus this morning. He was almost late! ③ 我看见他进了老师办公室。 I saw him the teachers’ office. 综合练习 从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空，两个选项多余。 relax,  express,  have,  play,  take,  deal,  help,  do,  watch,  fear,  fly 11．My parents want me calligraphy every day. 12．Lily, it’s important your own hobbies. They will make our lives colorful. 13．Do you want to join us a kung fu movie? 14．He wrote a poem his happiness. 15．—I don’t know how with the difficult situation. —Why not ask your parents for help? 16．I often watch Lucy and Lily badminton in the park. 17．I never expected you me at once. 18．The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us (take) action right now. 19．He has a f of heights, so he never goes to the top of tall buildings. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $