精品解析：北京市北京中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试题

2024-2025学年第一学期期中质量调研试题 高一英才 英语试卷 本试卷共8页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将条形码贴在答题卡规定处，并将答案写在答题卡对应题号框内，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In 2022, Jeff and his son Johnny participated in the Ironman competition in Cambridge. However, they were not the ___1___competitors. Johnny had difficulty in walking, so Jeff acted as his arms and legs, ___2___ the weight of his son through the race. The competition is really ___3___. Participants have to finish a triathlon (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles of swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hours. Jeff and Johnny had tried five times, but they had yet finished in time. To them, the Ironman was a way to improve themselves. Every failed ___4___ only fueled their desire to prove themselves to be more determined. So they entered the 2022 triathlon, hoping for a ___5___. The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff helped Johnny into a kayak (独木舟), and eased himself into the water,___6___ his son with a rope tied to the kayak. Even though it was hard, the pair finished the swim in 90 minutes. After completing the demanding cycling in nine hours, they set their sights on the final ___7___: a 26.2-mile marathon with Jeff pushing Johnny in a racing chair. Having been competing for 10.5 hours, at mile 19, Jeff started to worry, realizing they were going too slow, so they ___8___ the pace. With 200 feet to the finish line, Johnny began to walk on his own. He worried he couldn’t make the cutoff. After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with just 4 minutes and 25 seconds to ___9___— father and son crossed the finish line together. As the crowd cheered on them, Jeff and Johnny looked back at the finish line. They knew this wasn’t the end of a race. It was the beginning of a new ____10____, filled with hope and courage. 1. A. typical B. serious C. qualified D. passionate 2. A. shifting B. testing C. carrying D. cutting 3. A. boring B. tough C. joyous D. relaxing 4. A. attempt B. reaction C. request D. arrangement 5. A. future B. reward C. survival D. breakthrough 6. A. striking B. pushing C. dragging D. wrapping 7. A. proposal B. choice C. solution D. challenge 8. A. picked up B. kept up C. went through D. slowed down 9. A. waste B. spare C. wait D. save 10. A. career B. attitude C. opportunity D. chapter 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed ____11____(work) with the children. What made him feel ____12____(satisfy) was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning. Besides teaching, Zhang Tian also ____13____(bring) changes to the village. He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. The contribution he made ____14____ the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy ____15____ played for the Charlotte Hornets. Bogues was only 1.6 meters tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Paul was only 1.6 meters tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his ____16____ (inspire). This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team ____17____ record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance he had been waiting for. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Perhaps one of the best known Japanese martial ____18____ (art) today is karate. But did you know that its roots are derived from Fujian Province? In the 14th century, a community of Chinese migrants from Fujian settled in ____19____ was then the kingdom of Okinawa. The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park ____20____ (enjoy) cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. This soon caught the attention of local youths, who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A Guide to Freshman Food Service The URS Dining Hall opens from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm. It serves all kinds of snacks drinks ice cream and meals. You can pay with your cash or ID cards. You can put your cash into your ID cards at the front desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the URS dining hall you can still use the tables to enjoy meals to have your meetings with your friends and even to study. Transportation The you are as experts is a bus service. The bus transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Center. Operation hours are between 9:00 am and 3:00 pm, Saturday only. Round trip fare is $2. Academic Support All students have access to the writing center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door, two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. The service is free of charge. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, Is available for relaxing, studying, cooking and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10:00 am to 10:00 pm. Closed on Sundays. 21. What can we do in the URS Dining Hall? A. Sell snacks, drinks, ice cream and meals. B. Have a discussion with our friends. C. Buy drinks and enjoying concerts. D. Cook the meals by ourselves. 22. What can the URS Express do for the students? A. Provide the students with campus tools. B. Take students to the Douglas Hall. C. Transport the students to and from the stores. D. Carried the students to the lecture halls. 23. Whom can you get help from for your writing? A. The professors. B. Volunteers. C. Trainers. D. Classmates. B The introduction of the iPad, with its touch screen technology, has allowed even very young children to take advantage of a computer. So what if all children in the school were given an iPad to use in class and take home with them? Anne Laure Bazin works in a school where every child, teacher and teaching assistant is given a free iPad to use in and out of lessons. The main advantage of everyone having an iPad has been the improvement in communication. Documents can be emailed straight over to workmates during a meeting. Children hand in their homework by e-mail or through the school’s learning environment. Teachers now take the register using the iPad, which means that there is a centralized record of which children are in school, and which classroom they are in. The use of iPads has encouraged greater sharing of resources among teachers. All communication with parents is now done by e-mail. Working as a group in class is much easier as children can share documents. The whole class can look at one child’s book by attaching the iPad to the whiteboard. Has forgotten the textbook. The teacher can take a photograph of the relevant and send it to the student in class. While the use of the iPad in schools has revolutionized the way children are taught, it hasn’t completely replaced more traditional methods of teaching. Worksheets are still used in class as some children prefer the contact. The children all have a textbook and exercise books. In Anne Laure’s school, Parents feared that the iPads would replace and the children would lose handwriting skills. Anne Laure says, “The teachers are not ready to let go of the traditional style of teaching. We have welcomed the iPads in so much as they help communication and widen the resources that can be used. But we are not ready to let go of paper yet. The children themselves still value their exercise books and depend on them for revision.” 24. What can teachers do when everyone uses an iPad in school? A. They can have deep conversations with students. B. They can have more time to prepare the lessons. C They can learn more about students’ activities at home. D. They can communicate with their workmates more conveniently. 25. What is an advantage of using iPads in the classroom? A. It saves students bringing the textbooks. B It reduces parents’ worry about teaching. C. It improves the relationship between teachers. D. It makes sharing information easier. 26. What is parents’ attitude towards the use of iPads in the classroom? A. Worried. B. Uncaring. C. Annoyed. D. Positive. 27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Teachers prefer traditional methods of teaching. B. The iPads won’t take the place of printed materials. C. More and more schools are using iPads. D. Exercise books are more valuable now. C Whether picturing your next vacation or an ideal mark for an important exam, it is enjoyable to let your mind wander into daydreaming. Also daydreaming allows us to move mentally in time and space, rehearsing (预演) different possible scenes of the future. However, while the benefits of daydreaming were coming to light, psychologist Eli Somer found that some of his patients’ fantasies were replacing real social interactions and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability to maintain daily relationships. Psychologists call repetitive actions that hold back an individual’s ability to cope with daily life “maladaptive behaviours”. In recent years, Somer has teamed up with others to explore the behaviour. One of their studies compared 340 maladaptive daydreamers with the control group. The former reported that their daydreams were hard to control and disturbed their lives. They spent an average of 56 percent of their waking hours in fantasy worlds featuring imaginary characters and detailed plots (情节). Unlike regular daydreams, theirs often involved rocking from side to side or uncontrollable facial expressions. Other research suggests that maladaptive daydreams can take many forms, from amusing to serious, but they tend to be more emotionally intense than regular daydreams. Exploring this behaviour further, Somer’s team asked 77 people to keep a diary of the emotions associated with their maladaptive daydreaming. This revealed that it brought increases in negative emotions, along with signs of depression, social anxiety and general anxiety. The study also found that maladaptive daydreaming was a behavioural addiction. The scientists who first proposed this in 2018 pointed out that, like many addictive tendencies, it offers a momentary escape from stressful thoughts and unfavourable realities. “Many professionals object to treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Somer. As you would expect for a condition that isn’t yet widely recognised, treatment and management options are still being developed and tested. Monitoring the behaviour, its conditions and emotional consequences (后果) may help individuals control it. Also, practising mindfulness meditation may be helpful in staying in the present rather than escaping to fantasy worlds. Other techniques involve recording occurrences of maladaptive daydreaming and possible causes in a journal, and rewarding personal milestones in preventing these fantasies. Noam, an Israeli student who has been struggling with maladaptive daydreaming, is proof that maladaptive daydreaming can be managed. Just two months after starting treatment with Somer, his daily daydreaming has fallen from 16 hours to around 7 hours. “I really want to get better, to take pleasure in my life as it is and to love only the people who are part of my life and deserve my care,” he says. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Regular daydreams take a wider range of forms. B. Maladaptive daydreaming is more likely to be habitual. C. More detailed imaginary plots lead to better daydreaming. D. Fewer emotional changes are seen in maladaptive daydreams. 29. As for maladaptive daydreaming, which would Somer agree with? A. Experts should take it seriously. B. It can lead us to preview future events. C. It provides us with an access to relieving stress. D. Keeping a journal has proved to be its reliable cure. 30. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To make a comparison between two kinds of daydreaming. B To present the findings of studies on maladaptive daydreaming. C. To introduce approaches to managing maladaptive daydreaming. D. To attach importance to dealing with the dark side of daydreaming. D Being scooped (抢先) to a discovery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “You get a meaningful advantage for being first, but being scooped may not be as damaging as people seem to fear,” says Carolyn Stein, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. The history of science is full of competition. Charles Darwin rushed out his book On the Origin of Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas from Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supporters argued over who invented calculus. Despite the fame of these competitions, scientists know little about how credit is shared among competing discoveries. Theoretical models analysing patent (专利) races, for instance, often suppose that to the winner go all the advantages. In the real world, however, credit for scientific discoveries is unlikely to be winner-takes-all. The cost of being scooped was moderate. Structures that were made public second were only 2.5% less likely ever to be published, although they tended to appear in less famous journals than were structures published first. As a share of total citations out of a 100, the first paper would receive 58 and the second 42. But when questioned about the effects of being scooped, scientists were much more negative than those data show. They predicted that, out of 100 citations, a scooped paper would receive just 29. But not all scientists were put at a disadvantage equally for coming second. When research teams at leading universities were beaten by a team at a lower-profile college, the second-placed team got slightly more citations. And the teams at top departments took an even larger share of citations when they did the scooping. “But the psychological effects of being scooped cannot be ignored,” says Venki Ramakrishnan, a structural biologist in Cambridge. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, his group raced several teams to determine the structure of the ribosome, a cell machine that produces proteins. In September 2000, a team led by Ada Yonath at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, published the structure of a ribosome subunit in Cell that Ramakrishnan’s team had also characterized. Ramakrishnan’s study came out weeks later in Nature. “For that month, I and my lab were pretty depressing,” says Ramakrishnan. The researchers worried that they wouldn’t receive proper recognition for their work. That didn’t turn out to be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Yonath’s teams are both credited with working out the ribosome and the scientists each shared one-third of the 2009 Nobel chemistry prize. Ramakrishnan’s paper has roughly twice as many citations as the one that scooped it. In the long run, it didn’t matter. 31. Why does the author mention the book On the Origin of Species? A To stress the value of scooping. B. To show discovery races are common. C. To illustrate fame comes from discoveries. D. To explain why winners get the advantages. 32. What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Minor. B. High. C. Unclear. D. Controlled. 33. As for Ramakrishnan’s concerns on being scooped, the author considers it ________. A understandable B. unacceptable C. unnecessary D. unexpected 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Scooped in Science: Scientists’ Bad Dream B. Scientific Discoveries: Citations Matter or Not? C. Scientific Discoveries: Should Winners Take All? D. Scooped in Science: Credit Will Come Your Way 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. ____35____ In a recent study, scientists have found that it can also inspire more patience, setting people up for those moments of discovery. They asked more than 2,000 people aged 19 to 76 years to watch a series of short videos. Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. ____36____ While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. They also made guesses about what the drawing was going to turn into and how much joy or annoyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. ____37____ The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. ____38____ First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. Learning new things can be challenging. ____39____ A. But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. B. However, curiosity makes people eager for knowledge. C. The possible effects of the research are really impressive. D. So when uncertainty was greatest, curiosity was experienced with joy. E. A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. F. In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. G. However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 How can we avoid food waste in our daily life? Rayner Loi has got his own way. He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly. He believes individual action like this is important to solve the problem of food waste, but he’s also got his sights set higher. In 2017 he founded Lumitics, a company that tracks food waste on a large scale—with the aim of helping hotels and airlines, which serve thousands of meals a day, figure out how much avoidable waste they’re producing. Equipped with weight sensors, cameras, and AI technology, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recognize and track the type and amount of food that gets thrown out—including whether it’s spoiled, uneaten or kitchen waste. As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction. For instance, Lumitics has helped the hotels it works with reduce food waste considerably, keeping more than 300,000 meals out of landfills in 2019. The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes. Hotel restaurants often operate on relatively thin profits, “so any savings for them actually is really significant for their business,” he says. Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. He sees food waste as one of the most overlooked problems facing the world. “I think my generation desperately long for meaning and purpose in our lives, so we want to work on challenging problems and create solutions that will bring about deep impact for the world,” he says, “what our group want to achieve is really clear in terms of the number of meals saved and the amount of carbon emissions (排放) avoided.” 40. How does Rayner Loi know how much food he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What benefits does Lumitics bring to its customers? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from Rayner Loi’s way of saving food, how do you avoid food waste in your daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.你喜欢的一项运动； 2.这项运动给你带来的益处； 3.关于运动的建议。 注意:1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年第一学期期中质量调研试题 高一英才 英语试卷 本试卷共8页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将条形码贴在答题卡规定处，并将答案写在答题卡对应题号框内，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In 2022, Jeff and his son Johnny participated in the Ironman competition in Cambridge. However, they were not the ___1___competitors. Johnny had difficulty in walking, so Jeff acted as his arms and legs, ___2___ the weight of his son through the race. The competition is really ___3___. Participants have to finish a triathlon (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles of swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hours. Jeff and Johnny had tried five times, but they had yet finished in time. To them, the Ironman was a way to improve themselves. Every failed ___4___ only fueled their desire to prove themselves to be more determined. So they entered the 2022 triathlon, hoping for a ___5___. The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff helped Johnny into a kayak (独木舟), and eased himself into the water,___6___ his son with a rope tied to the kayak. Even though it was hard, the pair finished the swim in 90 minutes. After completing the demanding cycling in nine hours, they set their sights on the final ___7___: a 26.2-mile marathon with Jeff pushing Johnny in a racing chair. Having been competing for 10.5 hours, at mile 19, Jeff started to worry, realizing they were going too slow, so they ___8___ the pace. With 200 feet to the finish line, Johnny began to walk on his own. He worried he couldn’t make the cutoff. After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with just 4 minutes and 25 seconds to ___9___— father and son crossed the finish line together. As the crowd cheered on them, Jeff and Johnny looked back at the finish line. They knew this wasn’t the end of a race. It was the beginning of a new ____10____, filled with hope and courage. 1. A. typical B. serious C. qualified D. passionate 2. A. shifting B. testing C. carrying D. cutting 3. A. boring B. tough C. joyous D. relaxing 4. A. attempt B. reaction C. request D. arrangement 5. A. future B. reward C. survival D. breakthrough 6. A. striking B. pushing C. dragging D. wrapping 7. A. proposal B. choice C. solution D. challenge 8. A. picked up B. kept up C. went through D. slowed down 9. A. waste B. spare C. wait D. save 10. A. career B. attitude C. opportunity D. chapter 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Jeff 和他的儿子Johnny 第六次参加铁人三项赛并在规定时间完成的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们并不是有代表性的竞争对手。 A. typical典型的，有代表性的 ；B. serious严重的；C. qualified合格的；D. passionate热情的。由下文“Johnny had difficulty in walking”以及语境可知，Johnny本身有缺陷，所以他们的目的不是获奖，只是想在规定时间完成，所以并不是“有代表性的”竞争对手。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Johnny走路有困难，所以Jeff充当他的胳膊和腿，在比赛中背着儿子的重量。A. shifting转换；B. testing测试；C. carrying携带，背；D. cutting切割。由上文“Johnny had difficulty in walking”可知，这里Jeff充当Johnny的胳膊和腿，在比赛中“背”他。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛真的很困难的。A. boring无聊的；B. tough困难的；C. joyous快乐的；D. relaxing令人放松的。由下文“Participants have to finish a triathlon (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles of swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hours.”可知，这里指比赛时间和距离都很长，要完成很“困难的”。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次失败的尝试都只会激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。A. attempt尝试；B. reaction反应；C. request请求；D. arrangement安排。由上文“Jeff and Johnny had tried five times”可知，这里指他们以前的“尝试”激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他们参加了2022年的铁人三项比赛，希望取得突破。A. future未来；B. reward奖励；C. survival存活；D. breakthrough突破。由上文“they had yet finished in time”可知，他们这次期待一次“突破”。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeff把 Johnny扶上皮划艇，用绑在皮划艇上的绳子拖着儿子。A. striking打击；B. pushing推动；C. dragging拖拉；D. wrapping包装。由下文“with a rope tied to the kayak”以及语境可知，这里指用绳子“拖拉”着皮划艇。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在九个小时内完成了要求很高的自行车比赛后，他们将目光投向了最后的挑战：一场26.2英里的马拉松比赛，Jeff推着坐在比赛椅上的Johnny。A. proposal建议；B. choice选择；C. solution解决方案；D. challenge挑战。由上文“a triathlon (铁人三赛赛) with 140 miles of swimming, cycling, and running”可知，这里马拉松是最后一个“挑战”了。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在19英里处比赛了10.5个小时后，Jeff开始担心，意识到他们跑得太慢了，所以他们加快了速度。A. picked up拾起，加速；B. kept up保持；C. went through经历；D. slowed down减速。由上文“they were going too slow”可知，这里指他们意识到自己速度慢了，决定“加速”了步伐。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：16小时55分35秒后，只剩下4分25秒，父子俩一起冲过终点线。A. waste浪费；B. spare抽出，留出；C. wait等待；D. save拯救。由上文“running in under 17 hours”可知，这里指在他们16小时55分35秒完成，比预定时间还“留出”4分25秒。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个充满希望和勇气的新篇章的开始。A. career职业；B. attitude态度；C. opportunity机会；D. chapter章节，篇章。由上文“father and son crossed the finish line together”以及语境可知，他们完成了挑战，所以从此开始了一个新的“篇章”。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed ____11____(work) with the children. What made him feel ____12____(satisfy) was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning. Besides teaching, Zhang Tian also ____13____(bring) changes to the village. He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. The contribution he made ____14____ the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them. 【答案】11. working 12. satisfied 13. brought 14. to 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了支教老师张天在乡村的第一年经历。他努力教学，让学生英语能力和自信心都有提升，并为村庄带来许多积极变化，深受村民喜爱。 【11题详解】 考查动名词。句意：这一年颇为艰难，但他与孩子们一起工作的过程让他感到十分满足。此处为固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”意为“喜欢做某事”，所以为动名词形式。故填working。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：让他感到满意的是，他的学生们能够用英语阅读、说话和写作，而且他们对学习也变得更加自信了。“feel”是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。“satisfy”的形容词形式有两种：satisfied（感到满意的，通常修饰人）和 satisfying（令人满意的，通常修饰事物）。此处“him”（人），描述他的感受，所以填satisfied。故填satisfied。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：除了教学工作，张天还为这个村庄带来了变化。文章整体时态为一般过去时（如第一句“is almost over”是现在完成时的语境，但具体的动作发生在过去，且后文用 “contacted”和“helped”）。因此，此处的谓语动词“bring”也应使用过去式 brought。故填brought。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：他对这个村庄所做的贡献非常巨大，因此在村民中非常受欢迎，他们把他当作自己人一样对待。此处为固定搭配“make a contribution to..”意为“对…… 做出贡献”。故填to。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy ____15____ played for the Charlotte Hornets. Bogues was only 1.6 meters tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Paul was only 1.6 meters tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his ____16____ (inspire). This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team ____17____ record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance he had been waiting for. 【答案】15. who##that 16. inspiration 17. whose 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了保罗和作者是校篮球队成员，保罗身体不高，以 NBA 矮个子球星博格斯为榜样刻苦训练。本周他们将迎战全胜的劲敌，保罗即将迎来期待已久的机会。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，他效力于夏洛特黄蜂队。分析句子可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“a guy”（一个人），指人，在从句中主语，因此需要用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：在独自进行跳投练习的那些漫长时光里，他把博格斯当作自己的榜样。空格前是形容词性物主代词“his”，因此需要填入名词形式。“inspire”的名词形式是 inspiration（灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事）。故填inspiration。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：本周，“狮子队”正在与我们的主要对手“熊队”比赛，这是一支本赛季战绩完美的球队，他们一场比赛都没输过。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“a team”（一支球队）。从句中“record”（记录）与先行词“team”之间存在所属关系（即：这支球队的记录）。表示“…… 的”，在定语从句中用关系代词whose。故填whose。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Perhaps one of the best known Japanese martial ____18____ (art) today is karate. But did you know that its roots are derived from Fujian Province? In the 14th century, a community of Chinese migrants from Fujian settled in ____19____ was then the kingdom of Okinawa. The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park ____20____ (enjoy) cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. This soon caught the attention of local youths, who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours. 【答案】18. arts 19. what 20. to enjoy 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了空手道起源于中国福建。14世纪福建移民将功夫带到冲绳，当地人随后向他们学习，从而形成了空手道。 【18题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：或许当今最著名的日本武术之一是空手道。固定搭配“one of+最高级+复数名词”。故填arts。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在14世纪，一批来自福建的中国移民在当时名为冲绳的王国里定居下来。介词in后面接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：以前，这些中国移民会聚集在一个公园里参加各种文化活动，其中就包括功夫表演。此处enjoy作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to enjoy。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A Guide to Freshman Food Service The URS Dining Hall opens from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm. It serves all kinds of snacks drinks ice cream and meals. You can pay with your cash or ID cards. You can put your cash into your ID cards at the front desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the URS dining hall you can still use the tables to enjoy meals to have your meetings with your friends and even to study. Transportation The you are as experts is a bus service. The bus transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Center. Operation hours are between 9:00 am and 3:00 pm, Saturday only. Round trip fare is $2. Academic Support All students have access to the writing center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door, two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. The service is free of charge. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, Is available for relaxing, studying, cooking and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10:00 am to 10:00 pm. Closed on Sundays. 21. What can we do in the URS Dining Hall? A. Sell snacks, drinks, ice cream and meals. B. Have a discussion with our friends. C. Buy drinks and enjoying concerts. D. Cook the meals by ourselves. 22. What can the URS Express do for the students? A. Provide the students with campus tools. B. Take students to the Douglas Hall. C. Transport the students to and from the stores. D. Carried the students to the lecture halls. 23. Whom can you get help from for your writing? A. The professors. B. Volunteers. C. Trainers. D. Classmates. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇新生指南。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Food Service部分中的“Even if you do not buy your food in the URS dining hall you can still use the tables to enjoy meals to have your meetings with your friends and even to study. (即使你没有在URS餐厅购买食物，你仍然可以使用桌子来享受用餐，与你的朋友开会，甚至学习)”可知，我们可以和我们的朋友在URS餐厅讨论。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Transportation部分中的“The bus transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Center. (这辆公共汽车从马特森中心出发，在校园和购物中心之间运送学生)”可知，URS快速巴士接送学生往返于商场之间。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Academic Support部分中的“All students have access to the writing center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. (所有学生都可以进入道格拉斯大厅上层的写作中心。合格的志愿者将与你一起完成书面工作、语法、词汇和其他学术技能)”可知，你可以从志愿者那里得到写作的帮助。故选B。 B The introduction of the iPad, with its touch screen technology, has allowed even very young children to take advantage of a computer. So what if all children in the school were given an iPad to use in class and take home with them? Anne Laure Bazin works in a school where every child, teacher and teaching assistant is given a free iPad to use in and out of lessons. The main advantage of everyone having an iPad has been the improvement in communication. Documents can be emailed straight over to workmates during a meeting. Children hand in their homework by e-mail or through the school’s learning environment. Teachers now take the register using the iPad, which means that there is a centralized record of which children are in school, and which classroom they are in. The use of iPads has encouraged greater sharing of resources among teachers. All communication with parents is now done by e-mail. Working as a group in class is much easier as children can share documents. The whole class can look at one child’s book by attaching the iPad to the whiteboard. Has forgotten the textbook. The teacher can take a photograph of the relevant and send it to the student in class. While the use of the iPad in schools has revolutionized the way children are taught it hasn’t completely replaced more traditional methods of teaching. Worksheets are still used in class as some children prefer the contact. The children all have a textbook and exercise books. In Anne Laure’s school, Parents feared that the iPads would replace and the children would lose handwriting skills. Anne Laure says, “The teachers are not ready to let go of the traditional style of teaching. We have welcomed the iPads in so much as they help communication and widen the resources that can be used. But we are not ready to let go of paper yet. The children themselves still value their exercise books and depend on them for revision.” 24. What can teachers do when everyone uses an iPad in school? A. They can have deep conversations with students. B. They can have more time to prepare the lessons. C. They can learn more about students’ activities at home. D. They can communicate with their workmates more conveniently. 25. What is an advantage of using iPads in the classroom? A. It saves students bringing the textbooks. B. It reduces parents’ worry about teaching. C. It improves the relationship between teachers. D. It makes sharing information easier. 26. What is parents’ attitude towards the use of iPads in the classroom? A. Worried. B. Uncaring. C. Annoyed. D. Positive. 27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Teachers prefer traditional methods of teaching. B The iPads won’t take the place of printed materials. C. More and more schools are using iPads. D. Exercise books are more valuable now. 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了在Anne Laure Bain 工作的学校，每个人都有一部iPad，可以用它来学习，资源共享等等内容，讲述了iPad带给学生的便捷，并表示这种举动并不是完全放弃纸质和书籍。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The main advantage of everyone having an iPad has been the improvement in communication. Documents can be emailed straight over to workmates during a meeting. (每个人都有iPad的主要优势是改善了沟通。会议期间，文件可以直接通过电子邮件发送给同事)”可知，当每个人都在学校使用iPad时，老师可以更方便地与同事沟通。故选D项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“The use of iPads has encouraged greater sharing of resources among teachers. All communication with parents is now down by e-mail. Working as a group in class is much easier as children can share documents. (iPad的使用鼓励了教师之间更大程度的资源共享。所有与父母的沟通现在都通过电子邮件进行。因为孩子们可以共享文档，所以在课堂上小组合作要容易得多)”可知，在教室里使用iPad的优势是它使信息共享变得方便。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的“In Anne Laure’s school, Parents feared that the iPads would replace and the children would lose handwriting skills. (在安妮·劳尔的学校里，家长们担心iPad会被取代，孩子们会失去书写技能)”可知，家长们很担心（Worried）。故选A项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。由第四段中的“While the use of the iPad in schools has revolutionized the way children are taught, it hasn’t completely replaced more traditional methods of teaching. (虽然iPad在学校的使用彻底改变了孩子们的教学方式，但它并没有完全取代更传统的教学方式)”，“The children all have a textbook and exercise books. (孩子们都有课本和练习本)”以及“The teachers are not ready to let go of the traditional style of teaching. We have welcomed the iPads in so much as they help communication and widen the resources that can be used. But we are not ready to let go of paper yet. The children themselves still value their exercise books and depend on them for revision. (老师们还没有准备好放弃传统的教学方式。我们非常欢迎iPad，因为它有助于沟通，拓宽了可使用的资源。但我们还没有准备好放弃纸。孩子们自己仍然珍视他们的练习本，并依赖它们来复习)”可知，最后一段主要是说 iPads在学校中的使用变革了儿童的教育方式，但它并没有完全取代更传统的教学方法，B项“iPads并没有完全取代传统的纸质教材”符合段落中心大意。故选B项。 C Whether picturing your next vacation or an ideal mark for an important exam, it is enjoyable to let your mind wander into daydreaming. Also daydreaming allows us to move mentally in time and space, rehearsing (预演) different possible scenes of the future. However, while the benefits of daydreaming were coming to light, psychologist Eli Somer found that some of his patients’ fantasies were replacing real social interactions and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability to maintain daily relationships. Psychologists call repetitive actions that hold back an individual’s ability to cope with daily life “maladaptive behaviours”. In recent years, Somer has teamed up with others to explore the behaviour. One of their studies compared 340 maladaptive daydreamers with the control group. The former reported that their daydreams were hard to control and disturbed their lives. They spent an average of 56 percent of their waking hours in fantasy worlds featuring imaginary characters and detailed plots (情节). Unlike regular daydreams, theirs often involved rocking from side to side or uncontrollable facial expressions. Other research suggests that maladaptive daydreams can take many forms, from amusing to serious, but they tend to be more emotionally intense than regular daydreams. Exploring this behaviour further, Somer’s team asked 77 people to keep a diary of the emotions associated with their maladaptive daydreaming. This revealed that it brought increases in negative emotions, along with signs of depression, social anxiety and general anxiety. The study also found that maladaptive daydreaming was a behavioural addiction. The scientists who first proposed this in 2018 pointed out that, like many addictive tendencies, it offers a momentary escape from stressful thoughts and unfavourable realities. “Many professionals object to treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Somer. As you would expect for a condition that isn’t yet widely recognised, treatment and management options are still being developed and tested. Monitoring the behaviour, its conditions and emotional consequences (后果) may help individuals control it. Also, practising mindfulness meditation may be helpful in staying in the present rather than escaping to fantasy worlds. Other techniques involve recording occurrences of maladaptive daydreaming and possible causes in a journal, and rewarding personal milestones in preventing these fantasies. Noam, an Israeli student who has been struggling with maladaptive daydreaming, is proof that maladaptive daydreaming can be managed. Just two months after starting treatment with Somer, his daily daydreaming has fallen from 16 hours to around 7 hours. “I really want to get better, to take pleasure in my life as it is and to love only the people who are part of my life and deserve my care,” he says. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Regular daydreams take a wider range of forms. B. Maladaptive daydreaming is more likely to be habitual. C. More detailed imaginary plots lead to better daydreaming. D. Fewer emotional changes are seen in maladaptive daydreams. 29. As for maladaptive daydreaming, which would Somer agree with? A. Experts should take it seriously. B. It can lead us to preview future events. C. It provides us with an access to relieving stress. D. Keeping a journal has proved to be its reliable cure. 30. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To make a comparison between two kinds of daydreaming. B. To present the findings of studies on maladaptive daydreaming. C. To introduce approaches to managing maladaptive daydreaming. D. To attach importance to dealing with the dark side of daydreaming. 【答案】28 B 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study also found that maladaptive daydreaming was a behavioural addiction.(研究还发现，不适应白日梦是一种行为成瘾)”可知，不适应白日梦更可能成瘾。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Many professionals object to treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Somer. As you would expect for a condition that isn’t yet widely recognised, treatment and management options are still being developed and tested.(“许多专业人士反对把不适应白日梦当作疾病来对待，”萨默说。正如你所期望的那样，这种疾病尚未得到广泛认可，治疗和管理方案仍在开发和测试中)”可知，对于不适应白日梦，萨默认为专家们应该认真对待。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, while the benefits of daydreaming were coming to light, psychologist Eli Somer found that some of his patients’ fantasies were replacing real social interactions and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability to maintain daily relationships.(然而，当白日做梦的好处逐渐显现的时候，心理学家Eli Somer发现，他的一些病人的幻想取代了真实的社会交往，结果削弱了他们维持日常关系的能力)”结合文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。可知，文章的主要目的是重视处理白日梦的阴暗面。故选D。 D Being scooped (抢先) to a discovery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “You get a meaningful advantage for being first, but being scooped may not be as damaging as people seem to fear,” says Carolyn Stein, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. The history of science is full of competition. Charles Darwin rushed out his book On the Origin of Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas from Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supporters argued over who invented calculus. Despite the fame of these competitions, scientists know little about how credit is shared among competing discoveries. Theoretical models analysing patent (专利) races, for instance, often suppose that to the winner go all the advantages. In the real world, however, credit for scientific discoveries is unlikely to be winner-takes-all. The cost of being scooped was moderate. Structures that were made public second were only 2.5% less likely ever to be published, although they tended to appear in less famous journals than were structures published first. As a share of total citations out of a 100, the first paper would receive 58 and the second 42. But when questioned about the effects of being scooped, scientists were much more negative than those data show. They predicted that, out of 100 citations, a scooped paper would receive just 29. But not all scientists were put at a disadvantage equally for coming second. When research teams at leading universities were beaten by a team at a lower-profile college, the second-placed team got slightly more citations. And the teams at top departments took an even larger share of citations when they did the scooping. “But the psychological effects of being scooped cannot be ignored,” says Venki Ramakrishnan, a structural biologist in Cambridge. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, his group raced several teams to determine the structure of the ribosome, a cell machine that produces proteins. In September 2000, a team led by Ada Yonath at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, published the structure of a ribosome subunit in Cell that Ramakrishnan’s team had also characterized. Ramakrishnan’s study came out weeks later in Nature. “For that month, I and my lab were pretty depressing,” says Ramakrishnan. The researchers worried that they wouldn’t receive proper recognition for their work. That didn’t turn out to be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Yonath’s teams are both credited with working out the ribosome and the scientists each shared one-third of the 2009 Nobel chemistry prize. Ramakrishnan’s paper has roughly twice as many citations as the one that scooped it. In the long run, it didn’t matter. 31. Why does the author mention the book On the Origin of Species? A. To stress the value of scooping. B. To show discovery races are common. C. To illustrate fame comes from discoveries. D. To explain why winners get the advantages. 32. What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Minor. B. High. C. Unclear. D. Controlled. 33. As for Ramakrishnan’s concerns on being scooped the author considers it ________. A. understandable B. unacceptable C. unnecessary D. unexpected 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Scooped in Science: Scientists’ Bad Dream B. Scientific Discoveries: Citations Matter or Not? C. Scientific Discoveries: Should Winners Take All? D. Scooped in Science: Credit Will Come Your Way 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句话“The history of science is full of competition. (科学史充满竞争。)”和“Charles Darwin rushed out his book On the Origin of Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas from Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supporters argued over who invented calculus. (查尔斯·达尔文在收到阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士的手稿后，匆忙出版了他的《物种起源》一书，手稿中详细描述了艾萨克·牛顿、戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨和他们的支持者为谁发明了微积分而争论不休。)”可知，作者提到《物种起源》这本书是为了表明发现竞赛很常见。故选B。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the real world, however, credit for scientific discoveries is unlikely to be winner-takes-all.(然而，在现实世界中，科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的)”以及后文“Structures that were made public second were only 2.5% less likely ever to be published, although they tended to appear in less famous journals than were structures published first.(第二公开的结构被发表的可能性只有2.5%，尽管它们往往出现在不太知名的期刊上，而不是首先发表的结构)”可知，上文提到科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的，说明被抢先的代价较小。故划线词意思是“较小的”。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That didn’t turn out to be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Yonath’s teams are both credited with working out the ribosome and the scientists each shared one-third of the 2009 Nobel chemistry prize. (但事实并非如此。Ramakrishnan和Yonath的团队都因发现核糖体而受到赞誉，两位科学家各自分享了2009年诺贝尔化学奖的三分之一)”可推知，至于罗摩克里希南担心被抢先，作者认为没有必要，这是因为他们的团队都因为发现核糖体而受到赞誉。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Being scooped (抢先) to a discovery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “You get a meaningful advantage for being first, but being scooped may not be as damaging as people seem to fear,” says Carolyn Stein, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge.(被抢先发现是科学家最不希望发生的事。位于剑桥的麻省理工学院(MIT)的经济学家卡罗琳·斯坦说：“你率先获得了一个有意义的优势，但被抢先可能并不像人们所担心的那样具有破坏性。”)”结合文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。可知，D选项“科学被抢先发表：声誉总会找上你”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. ____35____ In a recent study, scientists have found that it can also inspire more patience, setting people up for those moments of discovery. They asked more than 2,000 people aged 19 to 76 years to watch a series of short videos. Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. ____36____ While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. They also made guesses about what the drawing was going to turn into and how much joy or annoyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. ____37____ The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. ____38____ First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. Learning new things can be challenging. ____39____ A But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. B. However, curiosity makes people eager for knowledge. C. The possible effects of the research are really impressive. D. So when uncertainty was greatest, curiosity was experienced with joy. E. A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. F. In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. G. However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. 【答案】35. A 36. E 37. F 38. C 39. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于好奇心的研究，它强调了好奇心的复杂性。好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。我们要充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。 【35题详解】 根据上文“The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. (任何观鸟者一旦发现一只令人震惊的陌生鸟，他们要做的第一件事就是拿出手机，识别它的种类。这表明好奇心就是现在就行动。它驱使我们尽快找到答案。对答案的不耐烦反映了心理学家认为好奇心的主要功能：减少不确定性。)”可知，空格处需要进一步说明好奇心，总结尽快找到答案存在的缺点。选项A. But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. (但这种好奇心的图景是不完整的。)与上文形成转折关系；能够承接上文。故选A。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. (每个视频都以空白屏幕开始。)”以及下文“While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. (当参与者观看每个视频时，科学家会问他们对画出来的东西有多好奇。)”可知，空格处应说明的是视频接下来播放的内容。选项E. A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. (然后会出现一条线并四处移动，逐渐形成形状。)说明的是接下来的内容，选项中的then与started with相呼应，能够承上启下。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. (有趣的是，当参与者更好奇时，他们更有可能继续观看。)”以及下文“The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. (实验还显示，当人们观看视频时，好奇心会在整个过程中发生变化。然而，不管好奇心如何变化，好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来。)”可知，空格处继续说明好奇心对于人们的作用。选项F. In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. (换句话说，更高的好奇心促使人们放慢脚步，保持耐心。)中的“放慢脚步，保持耐心”与上文中的“他们可能继续观看”相呼应；且与下文中“好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来”相呼应；能够承上启下。故选F。 【38题详解】 根据下文“First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. (首先，它强调了好奇心的复杂性，为探索好奇心的多样性开辟了新的研究途径。它还强调了与不确定性接触的重要性:必须考虑和预测答案可以提高学习和记忆能力，好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。)”可知，空格处需要填入主题句，说明的是研究的影响作用。选项C. The possible effects of the research are really impressive. (这项研究可能产生的影响确实令人印象深刻。)，说明的是这些研究给人深刻的影响，能够作为本段的主题句，引出下文。故选C。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Learning new things can be challenging. (学习新事物是很有挑战性的。)”以及本文的主题好奇心，可知，空格处需要进一步说明学习与好奇心的关系。选项G. However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. (然而，充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。)说明的是如何利用好奇心来学习，上文中的“Learning new things”与“the process of learning”相呼应；与上文形成转折关系，选项G能够承接上文，总结全文。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 How can we avoid food waste in our daily life? Rayner Loi has got his own way. He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly. He believes individual action like this is important to solve the problem of food waste, but he’s also got his sights set higher. In 2017 he founded Lumitics, a company that tracks food waste on a large scale—with the aim of helping hotels and airlines, which serve thousands of meals a day, figure out how much avoidable waste they’re producing. Equipped with weight sensors, cameras, and AI technology, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recognize and track the type and amount of food that gets thrown out—including whether it’s spoiled, uneaten or kitchen waste. As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction. For instance, Lumitics has helped the hotels it works with reduce food waste considerably, keeping more than 300,000 meals out of landfills in 2019. The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes. Hotel restaurants often operate on relatively thin profits, “so any savings for them actually is really significant for their business,” he says. Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. He sees food waste as one of the most overlooked problems facing the world. “I think my generation desperately long for meaning and purpose in our lives, so we want to work on challenging problems and create solutions that will bring about deep impact for the world,” he says, “what our group want to achieve is really clear in terms of the number of meals saved and the amount of carbon emissions (排放) avoided.” 40. How does Rayner Loi know how much food he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What benefits does Lumitics bring to its customers? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from Rayner Loi’s way of saving food, how do you avoid food waste in your daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. By keeping a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. 41. The great waste reduction and better economic outcomes. 42. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. Rayner Loi got the idea for Lumitics when/while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. 43. (1)To reduce food waste, I always encourage my family to finish our meals when we eat out, or to take away the leftovers for later use. I often use leftovers to make new dishes like soups or stir-fries. This not only helps reduce waste but also lets me get creative with cooking. (2)I usually store food properly, which is a good way to prevent wasting. For example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigerator, while dry goods are stored in airtight containers in a cool and dry place. By doing this, I can reduce food waste. (3)Gardening is my way to avoid food waste. Backyard composting is a great way to keep food waste out of the landfill and provide nutrition for my garden. For instance, in this way vegetable peels don’t have to go to waste but to my garden or my composting containers. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Rayner Loi创立Lumitics来减少食物浪费。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly.(他在手机上记录了家中每周变质食物的细节。这样，当他去超市时，他就能更好地了解自己一周实际吃了多少食物，并能相应地调整自己的购物计划)”可知，雷纳·洛伊通过在手机上记录他家里每周变质食物的细节知道他一周吃多少食物。故答案为By keeping a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction.(因此，它的客户可以使用废物的数据来调整他们准备或购买的食物数量，从而大大减少了浪费)”以及“The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes.(该公司也有利于其客户的经济成果)”可知，Lumitics可以让客户大大减少浪费，取得更好的经济效益。故答案为The great waste reduction and better economic outcomes. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry.(Loi在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了创办Lumitics的想法)”可知，错误部分为“by his experience of food shortage in his own life”，因为Rayner Loi在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了制作Lumitics的想法。故答案为Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. Rayner Loi got the idea for Lumitics when/while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了雷纳·罗的节约食物的方法，你在日常生活中如何避免食物浪费”可回答：(1)为了减少食物浪费，我总是鼓励我的家人在外出就餐时把饭吃完，或者把剩菜带走以后用。我经常用剩菜做汤或炒菜之类的新菜。这不仅有助于减少浪费，还能让我在烹饪上更有创意。(2)我通常妥善储存食物，这是防止浪费的好方法。例如，我确保像水果和蔬菜这样的物品存放在冰箱里，而干货则存放在阴凉干燥的密封容器中。通过这样做，我可以减少食物浪费。(3)园艺是我避免食物浪费的方法。后院堆肥是一个很好的方法，使食物垃圾远离垃圾填埋场，并为我的花园提供营养。例如，用这种方法，蔬菜皮不必浪费，而是要放在我的花园或堆肥容器里。故答案为(1)To reduce food waste, I always encourage my family to finish our meals when we eat out, or to take away the leftovers for later use. I often use leftovers to make new dishes like soups or stir-fries. This not only helps reduce waste but also lets me get creative with cooking. (2)I usually store food properly, which is a good way to prevent wasting. For example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigerator, while dry goods are stored in airtight containers in a cool and dry place. By doing this, I can reduce food waste. (3)Gardening is my way to avoid food waste. Backyard composting is a great way to keep food waste out of the landfill and provide nutrition for my garden. For instance, in this way vegetable peels don’t have to go to waste but to my garden or my composting containers. 第二节（20分） 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.你喜欢的一项运动； 2.这项运动给你带来的益处； 3.关于运动的建议。 注意:1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything going? Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do. Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions. I have benefited much from playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest. Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy. This is my experience and understanding of sports. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封邮件，向他介绍你的运动情况。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。 结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 介绍你喜欢的一项运动； 2. 介绍这项运动给你带来的益处； 3. 提出关于运动的建议。 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组） play basketball; take part in competitions; benefit much from playing basketball; keep fit; refresh myself during the stressful school days; more courageous and persistent; the key to success; many friends with the same interest; do physical exercise regularly 第三步：连词成句 1.Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do. 2.Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. 3.I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions. 4.I have benefited much from playing basketball. 5.It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. 6.In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. 7.It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest. 8.Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy. 9.This is my experience and understanding of sports. 10.So looking forward to your sharing. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表并列补充关系：In addition 2.表因果关系：Therefore 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.（现在分词作状语） [高分句型2]Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.（suggest后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $