寒假作业06 新人教版必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文

寒假作业06 新人教版必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文 限时：90分钟 满分：135分 完成时间：_____年 月 日 测试成绩：_______ 一、单元话题分析 本单元围绕 “Languages around the world（世界上的语言）” 核心话题，涵盖语言的分类与分布、起源与历史发展、语言多样性的价值、濒危语言的保护、跨文化交际中的语言运用及语言与文化的关联等核心内容，是培养学生语言文化意识、提升跨文化沟通能力的重要载体。单元词汇、句型多聚焦语言描述、语言学习、文化差异表达、保护倡议等实操场景，语法重点围绕定语从句（延续必修一核心）、一般现在时/现在完成时（描述语言现状与发展）、冠词（语言名词前的用法）、名词性从句（表达语言相关观点）及固定搭配展开。 通过本单元学习，学生既能掌握语言相关基础语言知识，又能学会在真实语境中运用英语介绍语言特点、谈论语言学习、倡议语言保护。本作业紧扣单元核心，兼顾基础知识默写与高考题型实战，同时融入语言文化与保护相关实用素材，助力学生巩固提升，实现语言输入与输出的闭环训练。 二、基础知识巩固检测，共50分。 （一）词性变化默写（每空1分，共30分） 1. language n. 语言 → _______ adj. 语言的；语言学的 → _______ n. 语言学家 2. vary v. 变化；改变 → _______ n. 变化；多样性 → _______ adj. 各种各样的 3. differ v. 不同；有区别 → _______ n. 差异；不同之处 → _______ adj. 不同的；有差异的 4. fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的 → _______ adv. 流利地；流畅地 → _______ n. 流利；流畅 5. translate v. 翻译 → _______ n. 翻译；译文 → _______ n. 翻译者；译者 6. communicate v. 交流；沟通 → _______ n. 交流；沟通 → _______ adj. 善于沟通的 7. culture n. 文化 → _______ adj. 文化的；与文化相关的 → _______ adv. 从文化角度 8. nation n. 国家；民族 → _______ adj. 国家的；民族的 → _______ n. 国籍；民族属性 9. exist v. 存在；生存 → _______ n. 存在；生存 → _______ adj. 现存的；现行的 10. official adj. 官方的；正式的 → _______ adv. 官方地；正式地 → _______ n. 官员；行政人员 11. origin n. 起源；源头 → _______ adj. 原始的；最初的 → _______ adv. 最初；起初 12. protect v. 保护；防护 → _______ n. 保护；防护 → _______ adj. 受保护的 13. strong adj. 强烈的；牢固的 → _______ adv. 强烈地；坚决地 → _______ n. 力量；强度 14. wide adj. 广泛的；宽阔的 → _______ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 → _______ v. 拓宽；扩大 15. survive v. 幸存；继续存在 → _______ n. 幸存；生存 → _______ n. 幸存者 （二）重点短语默写（10个，每空1分，共10分） 请根据汉语提示，写出对应的英语短语。 1. 官方语言 __________________________ 2. 流利地说英语 __________________________ English ________ 3. 语言多样性 ________________________________ 4. 跨文化交流 ______________________________ communication 5. 保护濒危语言 _______________________________ languages 6. 与……有共同之处 ___________________________ with 7. 起源于；源于 ___________________________ 8. 被广泛使用 ________ ________ ________ widely 9. 促进语言交流 ___________________________ language communication 10. 尊重文化差异 _____________________________ cultural differences （三）关键句型默写（5个，每空2分，共10分） 1. 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言之一。 Chinese is one of the languages that _______ _______ _______ the largest number of people in the world. 2. 英语起源于公元5世纪，如今在全球被广泛使用。 English _______ _______ _______ the 5th century AD and is now widely used around the world. 3. 我们应该采取措施保护那些正在消失的语言。 We should _______ _______ to protect the languages that _______ _______. 4. 语言不仅是交流工具，也是文化的载体。 Language is not only a tool for communication, _______ _______ a carrier of culture. 5. 通过学习外语，我们能更好地了解不同的文化。 By learning foreign languages, we can _______ _______ different cultures. 3、 单元能力培优检测 第三部分 高考题型练习（共 85 分） 一、阅读理解（两节，共 30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A English is the most widely used language in the world, with over 1.1 billion speakers worldwide. It is the official language of more than 50 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. English has a long history, dating back to the 5th century when Germanic tribes invaded Britain and brought their languages. Over the centuries, English has absorbed words from many other languages, such as Latin, French and Greek. This makes English a language with a large vocabulary and rich expressions. In the modern era, the spread of English has been greatly promoted by globalization, the Internet and international trade. Many people learn English as a second language to communicate with people from different countries. However, the widespread use of English also brings challenges. Some small languages are facing the risk of disappearing because people prefer to use English for work and communication. To protect language diversity, many countries have taken measures to promote their native languages while encouraging English learning. 1. How many speakers does English have worldwide? A. Over 500 million. B. Over 1.1 billion. C. Over 2 billion. D. Over 3 billion. 2. Which of the following countries does NOT use English as an official language? A. Canada. B. Australia. C. Japan. D. New Zealand. 3. What contributed to the spread of English in modern times? A. The invasion of Germanic tribes. B. The absorption of Latin words. C. Globalization and the Internet. D. The protection of native languages. 4. Why are some small languages in danger of disappearing? A. They have a small vocabulary. B. People prefer English for communication. C. They are difficult to learn. D. No countries protect them. 5. What do many countries do to protect language diversity? A. Stop people from learning English. B. Only use their native languages. C. Promote native languages and encourage English learning. D. Ban the use of small languages. B Mandarin Chinese, also known as Putonghua, is the official language of China. It is spoken by over 900 million people in China and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect and has a standard pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. China is a country with rich language diversity. Besides Mandarin, there are over 80 other languages spoken by different ethnic groups, such as Cantonese, Wu, Yue and Tibetan. Each language carries the unique culture and history of its ethnic group. However, some of these languages are endangered due to the popularity of Mandarin and the influence of modernization. To protect these ethnic languages, the Chinese government has launched a series of projects. For example, it has set up language preservation centers to record and study endangered languages. Schools in ethnic areas are encouraged to teach both Mandarin and local languages. In addition, many young people are joining in the effort to learn and pass on their traditional languages. 6. What is Mandarin Chinese based on? A. The Cantonese dialect. B.The Beijing dialect. C. The Wu dialect. D. The Tibetan dialect. 7. How many languages are spoken in China besides Mandarin? A. Over 50. B. Over 80. C. Over 100. D. Over 200. 8. Why are some ethnic languages in China endangered? A. They are not allowed to be used. B. They are too difficult to learn. C. Mandarin is popular and modernization has an influence. D. There are no people to speak them. 9. What has the Chinese government done to protect ethnic languages? A. Set up language preservation centers. B. Banned the use of Mandarin in ethnic areas. C. Asked all schools to only teach local languages. D. Stopped modernization in ethnic areas. 10. Who is joining in protecting traditional languages? A. Only the government. B. Only old people. C. Many young people. D. No one except experts. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Learn a Foreign Language Well Learning a foreign language is not an easy task, but with the right methods, you can make great progress. It can help you communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. Here are some practical tips for you. ______ (11) Listening is the foundation of language learning. You can listen to English songs, watch English movies or TV shows, and listen to English podcasts. This can help you get used to the pronunciation and intonation of the language. Practice speaking as much as possible. ______ (12) Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. You can practice with your classmates, join a language corner, or even talk to yourself in the foreign language. Speaking regularly can improve your fluency. Read widely in the foreign language. ______ (13) You can read English newspapers, magazines, novels and children’s books. Reading can help you expand your vocabulary and improve your understanding of sentence structures. Keep a diary in the foreign language. ______ (14) Writing down your daily life and thoughts can help you practice grammar and vocabulary. You can also ask your teacher or friend to correct your diary, which will help you avoid mistakes. Stick to your learning plan. ______ (15) Learning a language takes time and patience. Set a daily learning goal and stick to it. Don’t give up easily, and you will finally achieve your goal. A. Listen more to the target language. B. Learn grammar rules by heart every day. C. It is important to practice every day. D. Reading can also help you know more about the culture. E. Mistakes are a natural part of the learning process. F. Writing is a good way to consolidate what you have learned. G. You can learn a foreign language by traveling abroad. 二、完形填空（15 空，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was in middle school, I started learning English. At first, I found it very difficult. I couldn’t speak English ______ (1) and I was afraid to talk to my classmates in English. Every time I tried to speak, I would make a lot of mistakes, which made me feel ______ (2). I even wanted to give up learning English sometimes, as I thought I could never master it. My English teacher noticed my problem and gave me some advice. She told me that mistakes are not terrible and that I should be brave to ______ (3). She suggested that I listen to English songs every day and practice speaking with her after class. I followed her advice. Gradually, I became more confident and my English ______ (4) improved. I also bought an English dictionary to look up new words, which helped me ______ (5) my vocabulary quickly. One year later, I joined the school English corner. There, I met many students who loved English. We talked about different topics in English, such as hobbies, cultures and languages. I also made friends with a foreign teacher who taught me a lot about Western culture. Through these ______ (6), my oral English became more fluent. I even started to enjoy English classes and actively answered the teacher’s questions. Now, I can speak English fluently and I even won the first prize in the school English speech contest. Learning English has not only helped me ______ (7) with people from different countries but also broadened my horizons. I realize that language is a bridge between ______ (8). It allows us to understand different cultures and respect each other’s differences. I once communicated with a foreign student online, and he praised my English ______ (9) progress. I also know that there are many endangered languages in the world. We should try our best to ______ (10) them, because each language is a treasure of human culture. Learning a foreign language is not just about mastering a tool for communication, but also about ______ (11) cultural diversity. We should cherish every language, whether it’s a major language or a small ethnic language. Looking back, I am glad that I didn’t give up learning English. It has changed my life and made me a better person. I hope everyone can find a way to learn a foreign language well and enjoy the ______ (12) it brings. No matter how difficult it is at first, stick to it, and you will ______ (13) great results. Remember, every step of practice will bring you closer to ______ (14) your goal. I believe that with perseverance, everyone can ______ (15) in language learning. 1. A. fluently B. slowly C. loudly D. clearly 2. A. excited B. embarrassed C. happy D. relaxed 3. A. give up B. take notes C. speak up D. look up 4. A. suddenly B. gradually C. quickly D. completely 5. A. expand B. reduce C. forget D. check 6. A. experiences B. mistakes C. books D. songs 7. A. compete B. argue C. communicate D. fight 8. A. countries B. cultures C. schools D. families 9. A. rapid B. slow C. little D. few 10. A. protect B. forget C. change D. replace 11. A. creating B. destroying C. respecting D. ignoring 12. A. problems B. challenges C. troubles D. joys 13. A. achieve B. miss C. avoid D. refuse 14. A. setting B. reaching C. breaking D. abandoning 15. A. fail B. succeed C. regret D. struggle 三.语法填空（10空，每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is one of the most important creations of human beings. It plays a key role in ______ (1) (connect) people and passing on culture. There are more than 7,000 languages in the world, each with its own unique characteristics. Mandarin Chinese is ______ (2) most widely spoken language in the world. It ______ (3) (speak) by more than 900 million people, mainly in China. Mandarin has a long history and is closely related to Chinese culture. Many Chinese characters have ______ (4) (interest) meanings, reflecting the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. English is another important language. It is the official language of many countries and ______ (5) (use) in international business, science and technology. The reason why English is so popular is ______ (6) it has absorbed words from many other languages, making it a language with a large vocabulary. However, many languages are in danger of ______ (7) (disappear). Every year, dozens of languages die out. To protect language diversity, governments and organizations around the world ______ (8) (take) measures. For example, some countries have set up programs to teach endangered languages in schools. As students, we can learn more about different languages and cultures. By learning a foreign language, we can better understand the world and build bridges between different cultures. We should also respect and protect our own language, as it is a symbol of our national identity and ______ (9) (culture) heritage. In short, language is a precious gift of human beings. We must cherish and protect it ______ (10) that it can continue to serve humanity. 四.应用文写作（80-100 词，15 分） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对中国的汉语及汉字很感兴趣，他想了解学习汉语的方法，向你寻求建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达对他的回复意愿； 2. 给出2-3条具体的学习建议； 3. 表达祝愿。 词数80-100，邮件格式正确。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 四、外刊和时文文章阅读（每小题2分，满分10分） 1、外刊 （出处：《The Guardian》2025年11月文章 “AI and language preservation: Saving dying languages with technology”） Technology is playing an increasingly important role in protecting endangered languages. With only a few hundred speakers left, many small languages are on the edge of disappearing. AI-powered tools are now being used to record, analyze and teach these languages, giving them a chance to survive. One example is a mobile app developed by researchers. It uses AI to recognize and transcribe spoken words of endangered languages. Users can speak into the app, and it will convert their voices into written text. The app also provides lessons to help people learn these languages. “AI can’t replace human speakers, but it can preserve the language’s structure and vocabulary,” says linguist Dr. James Wilson. In addition, virtual reality (VR) technology is used to create immersive language learning environments. Learners can “experience” the culture of the language speakers and practice speaking in real-life scenarios. This makes learning more interesting and effective. Experts believe that with the help of technology, more endangered languages can be saved for future generations. 2.时文 （出处：《2025-2026 Global Language Diversity Report》2026年2月发布） The latest Global Language Diversity Report shows that over 2,000 languages are now endangered, accounting for nearly 30% of all languages in the world. The main reasons include globalization, the spread of dominant languages like English and Mandarin, and the decline of ethnic communities. Asia and Africa have the largest number of endangered languages. In China, the government has taken effective measures to protect ethnic languages. For example, it has included ethnic language education in the national education system and built digital libraries for endangered languages. In Africa, many communities are working with international organizations to record oral traditions in their native languages. The report also points out that young people are the key to language preservation. Encouraging young people to learn and use traditional languages can ensure their survival. The report calls on governments, organizations and individuals to work together to protect language diversity, as it is essential for cultural diversity and human heritage. 阅读理解题（每小题2分，共10分） 1. What is the role of AI in language preservation? A. It can replace human speakers of endangered languages. B. It helps record, analyze and teach endangered languages. C. It makes endangered languages become dominant languages. D. It creates new languages for ethnic communities. 2. What can the AI mobile app do? A. Convert spoken endangered languages into written text. B. Translate endangered languages into English directly. C. Speak endangered languages better than humans. D. Build digital libraries for endangered languages. 3. How many languages are endangered according to the report? A. Over 1,000. B. Over 2,000. C. Over 3,000. D. Over 4,000. 4. What measure has China taken to protect ethnic languages? A. Banned the spread of Mandarin in ethnic areas. B. Included ethnic language education in the national education system. C. Asked all young people to only speak ethnic languages. D. Stopped globalization in ethnic communities. 5. Who is the key to language preservation according to the report? A. Governments. B. Linguists. C. Young people. D. International organizations. 外刊时文翻译 1.外刊翻译 科技在保护濒危语言方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。许多小众语言仅剩数百名使用者，正处于消失的边缘。如今，人工智能驱动的工具被用于记录、分析和教授这些语言，为它们提供了生存的机会。 研究人员开发的一款移动应用程序就是一个例子。它利用人工智能识别并转录濒危语言的口语词汇。用户可以对着应用程序说话，它会将语音转换为书面文本。该应用程序还提供课程，帮助人们学习这些语言。“人工智能无法取代人类使用者，但它可以保存语言的结构和词汇，”语言学家詹姆斯·威尔逊博士说。 此外，虚拟现实技术被用于创建沉浸式语言学习环境。学习者可以“体验”语言使用者的文化，并在真实场景中练习口语。这让学习变得更有趣、更高效。专家认为，在科技的帮助下，更多濒危语言可以被拯救，留给后代。 2.时文翻译 最新《2025-2026年全球语言多样性报告》显示，目前有超过2000种语言处于濒危状态，占全球所有语言的近30%。主要原因包括全球化、英语和汉语等主流语言的传播，以及少数民族社群的衰落。 亚洲和非洲拥有数量最多的濒危语言。在中国，政府已采取有效措施保护少数民族语言。例如，政府将少数民族语言教育纳入国家教育体系，并为濒危语言建立了数字图书馆。在非洲，许多社群正与国际组织合作，用母语记录口头传统。 该报告还指出，年轻人是语言保护的关键。鼓励年轻人学习和使用传统语言有助于确保这些语言的存续。报告呼吁各国政府、组织和个人共同努力保护语言多样性，因为它对文化多样性和人类遗产至关重要。 五、错题复盘 温馨提示：本作业所有语篇及题目均贴合Unit5单元话题，兼顾基础巩固与山东高考命题趋势，建议结合解析查漏补缺，重点掌握单元核心词汇、短语及句型，并进行归纳总结，为后续学习奠定基础。 知识补漏:错一改三，重复记忆 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 技巧总结：归纳总结，举一反三 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 寒假作业06 新人教版必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文 限时：90分钟 满分：135分 完成时间：_____年 月 日 测试成绩：_______ 一、单元话题分析 本单元围绕 “Languages around the world（世界上的语言）” 核心话题，涵盖语言的分类与分布、起源与历史发展、语言多样性的价值、濒危语言的保护、跨文化交际中的语言运用及语言与文化的关联等核心内容，是培养学生语言文化意识、提升跨文化沟通能力的重要载体。单元词汇、句型多聚焦语言描述、语言学习、文化差异表达、保护倡议等实操场景，语法重点围绕定语从句（延续必修一核心）、一般现在时/现在完成时（描述语言现状与发展）、冠词（语言名词前的用法）、名词性从句（表达语言相关观点）及固定搭配展开。 通过本单元学习，学生既能掌握语言相关基础语言知识，又能学会在真实语境中运用英语介绍语言特点、谈论语言学习、倡议语言保护。本作业紧扣单元核心，兼顾基础知识默写与高考题型实战，同时融入语言文化与保护相关实用素材，助力学生巩固提升，实现语言输入与输出的闭环训练。 二、基础知识巩固检测，共50分。 （一）词性变化默写（，每空1分，共30分） 1. language n. 语言 → _______ adj. 语言的；语言学的 → _______ n. 语言学家 2. vary v. 变化；改变 → _______ n. 变化；多样性 → _______ adj. 各种各样的 3. differ v. 不同；有区别 → _______ n. 差异；不同之处 → _______ adj. 不同的；有差异的 4. fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的 → _______ adv. 流利地；流畅地 → _______ n. 流利；流畅 5. translate v. 翻译 → _______ n. 翻译；译文 → _______ n. 翻译者；译者 6. communicate v. 交流；沟通 → _______ n. 交流；沟通 → _______ adj. 善于沟通的 7. culture n. 文化 → _______ adj. 文化的；与文化相关的 → _______ adv. 从文化角度 8. nation n. 国家；民族 → _______ adj. 国家的；民族的 → _______ n. 国籍；民族属性 9. exist v. 存在；生存 → _______ n. 存在；生存 → _______ adj. 现存的；现行的 10. official adj. 官方的；正式的 → _______ adv. 官方地；正式地 → _______ n. 官员；行政人员 11. origin n. 起源；源头 → _______ adj. 原始的；最初的 → _______ adv. 最初；起初 12. protect v. 保护；防护 → _______ n. 保护；防护 → _______ adj. 受保护的 13. strong adj. 强烈的；牢固的 → _______ adv. 强烈地；坚决地 → _______ n. 力量；强度 14. wide adj. 广泛的；宽阔的 → _______ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 → _______ v. 拓宽；扩大 15. survive v. 幸存；继续存在 → _______ n. 幸存；生存 → _______ n. 幸存者 1. linguistic; linguist 解析：核心考点为名词派生形容词和职业名词。language为名词，加后缀-istic构成形容词linguistic（语言的），加后缀-ist构成表职业的名词linguist（语言学家），均为单元重点派生词。 2. variety; various 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词和形容词。vary为动词，变y为i加-ety构成名词variety（多样性），加-ous构成形容词various（各种各样的），是“变化”相关表达的核心词汇，高频用于写作。 3. difference; different 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词和形容词。differ为动词，加后缀-ence构成名词difference（差异），加-ent构成形容词different（不同的），注意different常与from搭配，为单元基础搭配。 4. fluently; fluency 解析：核心考点为形容词派生副词和名词。fluent为形容词，加后缀-ly构成副词fluently（流利地），去t加-cy构成名词fluency（流利），均为“语言能力”描述的核心词汇，适配口语、写作场景。 5. translation; translator 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词（动作/职业）。translate为动词，加后缀-ion构成表动作的名词translation（翻译），加-or构成表职业的名词translator（译者），注意区分translator（译者）与interpreter（口译员）。 6. communication; communicative 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词和形容词。communicate为动词，去e加-ion构成名词communication（交流），加-ive构成形容词communicative（善于沟通的），communication为不可数名词，常用搭配为have communication with。 7. cultural; culturally 解析：核心考点为名词派生形容词和副词。culture为名词，加后缀-al构成形容词cultural（文化的），再加-ly构成副词culturally（从文化角度），cultural常修饰heritage、difference等词，为单元高频搭配。 8. national; nationality 解析：核心考点为名词派生形容词和抽象名词。nation为名词，加后缀-al构成形容词national（国家的），加-ality构成名词nationality（国籍），注意nationality与nation（国家）、people（民族）的词义区分。 9. existence; existing 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词和形容词。exist为动词，加后缀-ence构成名词existence（存在），加-ing构成形容词existing（现存的），existing常作定语修饰languages、systems等词。 10. officially; official 解析：核心考点为形容词派生副词和名词。official作形容词时，加-ly构成副词officially（官方地）；其本身可作名词，意为“官员”，需注意词性转换的双重用法，适配阅读、写作场景。 11. original; originally 解析：核心考点为名词派生形容词和副词。origin为名词（起源），加后缀-al构成形容词original（原始的），再加-ly构成副词originally（最初），original还可表示“原创的”，为多义词，需结合语境判断。 12. protection; protected 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词和过去分词形容词。protect为动词，加后缀-ion构成名词protection（保护），过去分词protected可作形容词（受保护的），常用搭配为be protected from。 13. strongly; strength 解析：核心考点为形容词派生副词和名词。strong为形容词，加后缀-ly构成副词strongly（强烈地），变o为e加-th构成名词strength（力量），strength为不可数名词，常用搭配为have the strength to do。 14. widely; widen 解析：核心考点为形容词派生副词和动词。wide为形容词，加后缀-ly构成副词widely（广泛地），加-en构成动词widen（拓宽），widen为规则动词，常见搭配为widen one’s horizons（拓宽视野）。 15. survival; survivor 解析：核心考点为动词派生名词（动作/人）。survive为动词（幸存），加后缀-val构成名词survival（生存），加-or构成名词survivor（幸存者），注意survival与survive的词性差异，适配灾害、语言保护主题。 （二）重点短语默写（10个，每空1分，共10分） 请根据汉语提示，写出对应的英语短语。 1. 官方语言 __________________________ 2. 流利地说英语 __________________________ English ________ 3. 语言多样性 ________________________________ 4. 跨文化交流 ______________________________ communication 5. 保护濒危语言 _______________________________ languages 6. 与……有共同之处 ___________________________ with 7. 起源于；源于 ___________________________ 8. 被广泛使用 ________ ________ ________ widely 9. 促进语言交流 ___________________________ language communication 10. 尊重文化差异 _____________________________ cultural differences 1. official language 解析：核心考点为形容词+名词固定搭配。official（官方的）修饰language，为“官方语言”的标准表达，注意language为可数名词，单数形式需搭配冠词an/the。 2. speak; English; fluently 解析：核心考点为副词修饰动词的搭配。“流利地说”需用speak...fluently，fluently为副词，置于动词后作状语，不可置于名词English前，避免语序错误。 3. language diversity 解析：核心考点为单元主题短语。diversity（多样性）为名词，与language搭配表示“语言多样性”，是本单元核心话题短语，高频出现于阅读、写作中。 4. cross-cultural 解析：核心考点为复合形容词构成。cross-（跨……的）与cultural（文化的）构成复合形容词cross-cultural，修饰communication，为“跨文化交流”的固定表达，不可拆分。 5. protect; endangered 解析：核心考点为动词+形容词搭配。endangered（濒危的）修饰languages，protect为及物动词，直接接宾语，构成protect endangered languages（保护濒危语言），贴合单元语言保护主题。 6. have; something; in 解析：核心考点为固定短语。have something in common with为固定搭配，意为“与……有共同之处”，common为形容词，不可替换为same（same需加the）。 7. date; back; to 解析：核心考点为动词短语固定搭配。date back to意为“起源于；源于”，主语通常为事物（如语言、建筑），且多用一般现在时，无被动语态。 8. be; used 解析：核心考点为被动语态固定表达。“被广泛使用”为被动含义，需用be used，结合副词widely，完整结构为be widely used，注意主谓一致（单数主语用is，复数用are）。 9. promote 解析：核心考点为动词+名词搭配。promote（促进；推广）为及物动词，直接接language communication作宾语，构成promote language communication（促进语言交流），为单元高频动词搭配。 10. respect 解析：核心考点为动词+名词搭配。respect（尊重）为及物动词，直接接cultural differences作宾语，无需介词，为“尊重文化差异”的标准表达，适配跨文化主题。 （三）关键句型默写（5个，每空2分，共10分） 1. 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言之一。 Chinese is one of the languages that _______ _______ _______ the largest number of people in the world. 2. 英语起源于公元5世纪，如今在全球被广泛使用。 English _______ _______ _______ the 5th century AD and is now widely used around the world. 3. 我们应该采取措施保护那些正在消失的语言。 We should _______ _______ to protect the languages that _______ _______. 4. 语言不仅是交流工具，也是文化的载体。 Language is not only a tool for communication, _______ _______ a carrier of culture. 5. 通过学习外语，我们能更好地了解不同的文化。 By learning foreign languages, we can _______ _______ different cultures. 1. are; spoken; by 解析：核心考点为被动语态+定语从句。句中先行词languages与speak为被动关系，需用被动语态are spoken；“被……使用”用介词by引出动作执行者，符合“语言被人使用”的语境，避免主动语态错误。 2. dates; back; to 解析：核心考点为固定句型+时态。date back to为固定短语，主语English为单数第三人称，且描述客观事实，需用一般现在时dates，不可用过去时（无明确过去时间状语）。 3. take; measures; are; disappearing 解析：核心考点为固定搭配+现在进行时。take measures为“采取措施”的固定短语；定语从句中，“正在消失的语言”需用现在进行时are disappearing，体现动作正在进行，贴合语言濒危的现状。 4. but; also 解析：核心考点为并列句型。not only...but also...为固定并列结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，需注意前后句式一致，此处连接两个表语（a tool.../a carrier...），结构对称。 5. better; understand 解析：核心考点为副词比较级+动词搭配。by短语表方式，“更好地了解”用better understand，better为well的比较级，修饰动词understand，无需加more（more用于多音节副词比较级）。 3、 单元能力培优检测 第三部分 高考题型练习（共 85 分） 一、阅读理解（两节，共 30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A English is the most widely used language in the world, with over 1.1 billion speakers worldwide. It is the official language of more than 50 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. English has a long history, dating back to the 5th century when Germanic tribes invaded Britain and brought their languages. Over the centuries, English has absorbed words from many other languages, such as Latin, French and Greek. This makes English a language with a large vocabulary and rich expressions. In the modern era, the spread of English has been greatly promoted by globalization, the Internet and international trade. Many people learn English as a second language to communicate with people from different countries. However, the widespread use of English also brings challenges. Some small languages are facing the risk of disappearing because people prefer to use English for work and communication. To protect language diversity, many countries have taken measures to promote their native languages while encouraging English learning. 1. How many speakers does English have worldwide? A. Over 500 million. B. Over 1.1 billion. C. Over 2 billion. D. Over 3 billion. 2. Which of the following countries does NOT use English as an official language? A. Canada. B. Australia. C. Japan. D. New Zealand. 3. What contributed to the spread of English in modern times? A. The invasion of Germanic tribes. B. The absorption of Latin words. C. Globalization and the Internet. D. The protection of native languages. 4. Why are some small languages in danger of disappearing? A. They have a small vocabulary. B. People prefer English for communication. C. They are difficult to learn. D. No countries protect them. 5. What do many countries do to protect language diversity? A. Stop people from learning English. B. Only use their native languages. C. Promote native languages and encourage English learning. D. Ban the use of small languages. 1. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“英语在全球有多少使用者”，定位至原文A篇第一段第一句“English is the most widely used language in the world, with over 1.1 billion speakers worldwide”，明确提到英语使用者超11亿，对应选项B。A项“超5亿”、C项“超20亿”、D项“超30亿”均为无中生有的选项，原文无对应数据，排除。 2. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“下列哪个国家不将英语作为官方语言”，定位至原文A篇第一段第二句“It is the official language of more than 50 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand”，列举的官方语言国家包含A、B、D三项，C项日本未被提及，且结合常识可知日本官方语言为日语，故答案为C。 3. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“现代英语传播的推动因素”，定位至原文A篇第二段第三句“In the modern era, the spread of English has been greatly promoted by globalization, the Internet and international trade”，明确指出全球化、互联网和国际贸易是核心推动因素，对应选项C。A项“日耳曼部落入侵”是英语起源的原因（第一段第三句），非现代传播因素；B项“吸收拉丁语词汇”是英语词汇丰富的原因（第二段第一句）；D项“保护母语”与英语传播无关，均排除。 4. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“小众语言濒临消失的原因”，定位至原文A篇第三段第二句“Some small languages are facing the risk of disappearing because people prefer to use English for work and communication”，可知原因是人们更倾向于使用英语交流，对应选项B。A项“词汇量小”、C项“难以学习”原文未提及；D项“无国家保护”与后文“许多国家采取措施保护”相悖，均排除。 5. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“许多国家如何保护语言多样性”，定位至原文A篇第三段第三句“To protect language diversity, many countries have taken measures to promote their native languages while encouraging English learning”，即推广母语同时鼓励英语学习，对应选项C。A项“禁止学习英语”、B项“只使用母语”、D项“禁止使用小众语言”均与原文表述相反，排除。 B Mandarin Chinese, also known as Putonghua, is the official language of China. It is spoken by over 900 million people in China and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect and has a standard pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. China is a country with rich language diversity. Besides Mandarin, there are over 80 other languages spoken by different ethnic groups, such as Cantonese, Wu, Yue and Tibetan. Each language carries the unique culture and history of its ethnic group. However, some of these languages are endangered due to the popularity of Mandarin and the influence of modernization. To protect these ethnic languages, the Chinese government has launched a series of projects. For example, it has set up language preservation centers to record and study endangered languages. Schools in ethnic areas are encouraged to teach both Mandarin and local languages. In addition, many young people are joining in the effort to learn and pass on their traditional languages. 6. What is Mandarin Chinese based on? A. The Cantonese dialect. B.The Beijing dialect. C. The Wu dialect. D. The Tibetan dialect. 7. How many languages are spoken in China besides Mandarin? A. Over 50. B. Over 80. C. Over 100. D. Over 200. 8. Why are some ethnic languages in China endangered? A. They are not allowed to be used. B. They are too difficult to learn. C. Mandarin is popular and modernization has an influence. D. There are no people to speak them. 9. What has the Chinese government done to protect ethnic languages? A. Set up language preservation centers. B. Banned the use of Mandarin in ethnic areas. C. Asked all schools to only teach local languages. D. Stopped modernization in ethnic areas. 10. Who is joining in protecting traditional languages? A. Only the government. B. Only old people. C. Many young people. D. No one except experts. 6. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“普通话以哪种方言为基础”，定位至原文B篇第一段第三句“Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect and has a standard pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar”，明确提及普通话以北京方言为基础，对应选项B。A项“粤语”、C项“吴语”、D项“藏语”均为原文第二段提及的中国少数民族语言，并非普通话的基础方言，排除。 7. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“除普通话外，中国还有多少种语言被使用”，定位至原文B篇第二段第二句“Besides Mandarin, there are over 80 other languages spoken by different ethnic groups”，直接给出数量为80多种，对应选项B。A项“超50种”、C项“超100种”、D项“超200种”均与原文明确数据不符，属于无中生有，排除。 8. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“中国部分少数民族语言濒危的原因”，定位至原文B篇第二段第三句“However, some of these languages are endangered due to the popularity of Mandarin and the influence of modernization”，明确原因是普通话的普及和现代化的影响，与选项C表述一致。A项“不被允许使用”、B项“过于难学”均未在原文提及；D项“无人使用”与“部分语言濒危”的表述矛盾，濒危指面临消失风险，并非完全无人使用，排除。 9. 答案：A 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“中国政府为保护少数民族语言采取了哪些措施”，定位至原文B篇第三段第二句“For example, it has set up language preservation centers to record and study endangered languages”，即建立语言保护中心，对应选项A。B项“禁止在少数民族地区使用普通话”、C项“要求所有学校只教本地语言”均与原文第三段“鼓励双语教学”的表述相悖；D项“停止少数民族地区现代化”无中生有，原文仅提及现代化对少数民族语言有影响，并未说停止现代化，排除。 10. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。题干询问“谁在参与保护传统语言”，定位至原文B篇第三段最后一句“In addition, many young people are joining in the effort to learn and pass on their traditional languages”，明确提到许多年轻人参与其中，对应选项C。A项“仅政府”、B项“仅老年人”、D项“仅专家”均与原文“政府、年轻人共同参与”的表述不符，“仅”字限定过于绝对，排除。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2分，满分 10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Learn a Foreign Language Well Learning a foreign language is not an easy task, but with the right methods, you can make great progress. It can help you communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. Here are some practical tips for you. ______ (11) Listening is the foundation of language learning. You can listen to English songs, watch English movies or TV shows, and listen to English podcasts. This can help you get used to the pronunciation and intonation of the language. Practice speaking as much as possible. ______ (12) Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. You can practice with your classmates, join a language corner, or even talk to yourself in the foreign language. Speaking regularly can improve your fluency. Read widely in the foreign language. ______ (13) You can read English newspapers, magazines, novels and children’s books. Reading can help you expand your vocabulary and improve your understanding of sentence structures. Keep a diary in the foreign language. ______ (14) Writing down your daily life and thoughts can help you practice grammar and vocabulary. You can also ask your teacher or friend to correct your diary, which will help you avoid mistakes. Stick to your learning plan. ______ (15) Learning a language takes time and patience. Set a daily learning goal and stick to it. Don’t give up easily, and you will finally achieve your goal. A. Listen more to the target language. B. Learn grammar rules by heart every day. C. It is important to practice every day. D. Reading can also help you know more about the culture. E. Mistakes are a natural part of the learning process. F. Writing is a good way to consolidate what you have learned. G. You can learn a foreign language by traveling abroad. 11. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为上下文逻辑衔接+主题一致。空格位于段首，需作为本段总起句统领下文。后文明确围绕“听力是语言学习的基础”展开，列举了听英文歌、看影视剧、听播客等具体听力练习方式，核心话题为“听力训练”。选项A“多听目标语言”直接点明本段核心，与后文的听力练习场景高度契合，起到总领全段的作用。B项侧重语法记忆、C项侧重日常练习、D项侧重阅读与文化、E项侧重错误、F项侧重写作、G项侧重出国学习，均偏离后文“听力”核心话题，无法衔接上下文，排除。 12. 答案：E 解析：核心考点为上下文逻辑衔接+情感与场景匹配。空格前强调“要尽可能多练习口语”，空格后紧接着提到“不要害怕犯错”，上下文需搭建“口语练习”与“犯错”之间的逻辑桥梁。选项E“犯错是学习过程中的自然部分”，既呼应了口语练习中难免出错的实际情况，又为后文“不要害怕犯错”提供了合理依据，缓解了学习者因犯错而产生的顾虑，衔接自然流畅。其余选项均未涉及“犯错”这一关键衔接点，无法串联前后内容，排除。 13. 答案：D 解析：核心考点为上下文逻辑衔接+递进关系。空格前核心话题为“广泛阅读外语材料”，空格后具体说明阅读的素材（报纸、杂志、小说等）及基础作用（扩大词汇量、理解句式结构）。选项D“阅读还能帮助你了解更多文化”中，“also”一词体现递进关系，在原文阅读基础作用的前提下，补充了阅读的文化价值，丰富了阅读的意义，既贴合“阅读”核心主题，又使段落内容更完整。其余选项均脱离“阅读”话题，排除。 14. 答案：F 解析：核心考点为上下文逻辑衔接+总分关系。空格前提出“用外语写日记”的具体建议，空格后进一步说明写日记的作用（练习语法词汇、请人批改避错）。选项F“写作是巩固所学知识的好方法”，将“写日记”归类为写作练习的一种形式，点明了写日记的核心价值，与后文写日记的具体作用形成“总分”逻辑，让段落论证更清晰。其余选项均未涉及“写作”或“写日记”相关内容，无法衔接上下文，排除。 15. 答案：C 解析：核心考点为上下文逻辑衔接+主旨呼应。空格前强调“要坚持学习计划”，空格后指出“语言学习需要时间和耐心，需设定每日目标并坚持”，上下文核心均围绕“坚持日常练习”展开。选项C“日常练习很重要”直接呼应前文“坚持计划”的建议，同时为后文“需要耐心、设定每日目标”提供了核心支撑，贴合本段“坚持学习”的主旨。其余选项均未体现“坚持”“日常练习”的核心，无法衔接前后内容，排除。 七选五核心解题技巧总结： 1. 定位主题词：每段围绕核心话题展开，优先选择与空格前后主题词（如本文11题“听力”、13题“阅读”）一致的选项，快速排除偏离话题的干扰项； 2. 抓逻辑关联词：关注also\but\so等关联词，判断上下文递进、转折、因果等关系（如本文13题“also”表递进），匹配衔接自然的选项； 3. 区分句间功能：段首句多为总起句（如11题），需统领下文；中间句多为过渡句（如12、13、14题），需串联前后内容；段尾句多为总结句，需呼应主旨，结合句子功能判断选项。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 二、完形填空（15 空，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was in middle school, I started learning English. At first, I found it very difficult. I couldn’t speak English ______ (1) and I was afraid to talk to my classmates in English. Every time I tried to speak, I would make a lot of mistakes, which made me feel ______ (2). I even wanted to give up learning English sometimes, as I thought I could never master it. My English teacher noticed my problem and gave me some advice. She told me that mistakes are not terrible and that I should be brave to ______ (3). She suggested that I listen to English songs every day and practice speaking with her after class. I followed her advice. Gradually, I became more confident and my English ______ (4) improved. I also bought an English dictionary to look up new words, which helped me ______ (5) my vocabulary quickly. One year later, I joined the school English corner. There, I met many students who loved English. We talked about different topics in English, such as hobbies, cultures and languages. I also made friends with a foreign teacher who taught me a lot about Western culture. Through these ______ (6), my oral English became more fluent. I even started to enjoy English classes and actively answered the teacher’s questions. Now, I can speak English fluently and I even won the first prize in the school English speech contest. Learning English has not only helped me ______ (7) with people from different countries but also broadened my horizons. I realize that language is a bridge between ______ (8). It allows us to understand different cultures and respect each other’s differences. I once communicated with a foreign student online, and he praised my English ______ (9) progress. I also know that there are many endangered languages in the world. We should try our best to ______ (10) them, because each language is a treasure of human culture. Learning a foreign language is not just about mastering a tool for communication, but also about ______ (11) cultural diversity. We should cherish every language, whether it’s a major language or a small ethnic language. Looking back, I am glad that I didn’t give up learning English. It has changed my life and made me a better person. I hope everyone can find a way to learn a foreign language well and enjoy the ______ (12) it brings. No matter how difficult it is at first, stick to it, and you will ______ (13) great results. Remember, every step of practice will bring you closer to ______ (14) your goal. I believe that with perseverance, everyone can ______ (15) in language learning. 1. A. fluently B. slowly C. loudly D. clearly 2. A. excited B. embarrassed C. happy D. relaxed 3. A. give up B. take notes C. speak up D. look up 4. A. suddenly B. gradually C. quickly D. completely 5. A. expand B. reduce C. forget D. check 6. A. experiences B. mistakes C. books D. songs 7. A. compete B. argue C. communicate D. fight 8. A. countries B. cultures C. schools D. families 9. A. rapid B. slow C. little D. few 10. A. protect B. forget C. change D. replace 11. A. creating B. destroying C. respecting D. ignoring 12. A. problems B. challenges C. troubles D. joys 13. A. achieve B. miss C. avoid D. refuse 14. A. setting B. reaching C. breaking D. abandoning 15. A. fail B. succeed C. regret D. struggle 完形填空答案及详细解析（核心考点+语境分析+干扰项排除） 1. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为副词辨析+语境适配。句意：我不能流利地说英语，还害怕和同学用英语交流。A fluently（流利地）贴合“刚开始学英语觉得难”的语境；B slowly（缓慢地）、D clearly（清晰地）与“害怕交流”的核心原因不符；C loudly（大声地）侧重音量，与语言能力无关，排除。 2. 答案：B 解析：核心考点为形容词辨析+情感逻辑。句意：每次尝试说话都会犯很多错，这让我感到尴尬。B embarrassed（尴尬的）符合犯错后的心理状态；A excited（兴奋的）、C happy（开心的）、D relaxed（放松的）均与“犯错”的负面场景相悖，排除。 3. 答案：C 解析：核心考点为动词短语辨析+语境衔接。句意：老师告诉我犯错并不可怕，应该勇敢地开口说。C speak up（大胆说；开口）呼应前文“害怕交流、犯错”的问题；A give up（放弃）与老师鼓励的态度相反；B take notes（记笔记）、D look up（查阅）均与“开口说话”的语境无关，排除。 4. 答案：B 解析：核心考点为副词辨析+过程描述。句意：渐渐地，我变得更自信，英语也逐步提高。B gradually（逐步地）体现“遵循老师建议后慢慢进步”的过程；A suddenly（突然地）、C quickly（快速地）不符合“学习语言循序渐进”的客观规律；D completely（完全地）程度过重，此时作者尚未完全掌握英语，排除。 5. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+语境逻辑。句意：我还买了一本英语词典查生词，这帮助我快速扩大词汇量。A expand（扩大）贴合“查词典学生词”的目的；B reduce（减少）、C forget（忘记）与语境相悖；D check（检查）无法体现词典对词汇量的积极作用，排除。 6. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为名词辨析+指代逻辑。句意：通过这些经历，我的口语变得更流利了。A experiences（经历）指代前文“加入英语角、和同学交流、交外国朋友”等事；B mistakes（错误）是进步中克服的问题，非进步的原因；C books（书籍）、D songs（歌曲）仅为老师建议的一部分，不能概括所有场景，排除。 7. 答案：C 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+单元主题。句意：学英语不仅帮我和不同国家的人交流，还拓宽了我的视野。C communicate（交流）为语言的核心功能，贴合单元“语言与沟通”主题；A compete（竞争）、B argue（争论）、D fight（打架）均为负面或无关动作，与语境不符，排除。 8. 答案：B 解析：核心考点为名词辨析+语境升华。句意：我意识到语言是不同文化之间的桥梁。B cultures（文化）呼应后文“理解不同文化、尊重差异”的内容；A countries（国家）、C schools（学校）、D families（家庭）范围过窄，无法体现语言的跨文化价值，排除。 9. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为形容词辨析+情感态度。句意：我曾经和一名外国学生在线交流，他称赞我的英语进步很快。A rapid（快速的）符合前文“口语变流利、获演讲比赛奖”的进步状态；B slow（缓慢的）、C little（少的，修饰不可数名词）、D few（少的，修饰可数名词）均与“称赞”的积极语境相悖，排除。 10. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+单元主题。句意：我们应该尽力保护这些濒危语言，因为每种语言都是人类文化的瑰宝。A protect（保护）贴合本单元“濒危语言保护”核心；B forget（忘记）、D replace（替代）与“语言是瑰宝”的态度相悖；C change（改变）无明确积极含义，排除。 11. 答案：C 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+情感态度。句意：学外语不仅是掌握交流工具，更是尊重文化多样性。C respecting（尊重）与前文“理解文化、保护语言”的积极态度一致；A creating（创造）、B destroying（破坏）、D ignoring（忽视）均不符合语境，排除。 12. 答案：D 解析：核心考点为名词辨析+情感总结。句意：我希望每个人都能找到学好外语的方法，享受它带来的乐趣。D joys（乐趣）呼应前文“英语改变生活、让我变得更好”的积极结果；A problems（问题）、B challenges（挑战）、C troubles（麻烦）均为负面词汇，与全文积极基调相悖，排除。 13. 答案：A 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+语境逻辑。句意：不管一开始多困难，坚持下去，你就会取得好成绩。A achieve（取得；获得）搭配results（成绩），符合“坚持学习”的积极结果；B miss（错过）、C avoid（避免）、D refuse（拒绝）均与语境不符，排除。 14. 答案：B 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+固定搭配。句意：记住，每一步练习都会让你离实现目标更近一步。B reaching（实现；达成）与goal（目标）为固定搭配，reach one’s goal；A setting（设定）、C breaking（打破）、D abandoning（放弃）均不符合“练习助力目标”的逻辑，排除。 15. 答案：B 解析：核心考点为动词辨析+主旨升华。句意：我相信只要有毅力，每个人都能在语言学习中成功。B succeed（成功）呼应全文“坚持学英语终获进步”的主旨；A fail（失败）、C regret（后悔）、D struggle（挣扎）均与积极主旨相悖，排除。 完形填空核心考点总结 固定搭配（单元核心）：speak up, communicate with, try one’s best to do, expand vocabulary, reach one’s goal, succeed in 单元高频词汇：fluently, embarrassed, experiences, protect, respect, cultures, achieve, succeed 语境逻辑：围绕 学英语遇挫→受鼓励进步→感悟语言价值→传递学习信念 的情感线（胆怯→自信→感恩→坚定）判断词义，贴合“语言学习与文化”主题，同时覆盖动词、名词、副词等词性辨析，适配高考完形填空考点。 三.语法填空（10空，每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is one of the most important creations of human beings. It plays a key role in ______ (1) (connect) people and passing on culture. There are more than 7,000 languages in the world, each with its own unique characteristics. Mandarin Chinese is ______ (2) most widely spoken language in the world. It ______ (3) (speak) by more than 900 million people, mainly in China. Mandarin has a long history and is closely related to Chinese culture. Many Chinese characters have ______ (4) (interest) meanings, reflecting the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. English is another important language. It is the official language of many countries and ______ (5) (use) in international business, science and technology. The reason why English is so popular is ______ (6) it has absorbed words from many other languages, making it a language with a large vocabulary. However, many languages are in danger of ______ (7) (disappear). Every year, dozens of languages die out. To protect language diversity, governments and organizations around the world ______ (8) (take) measures. For example, some countries have set up programs to teach endangered languages in schools. As students, we can learn more about different languages and cultures. By learning a foreign language, we can better understand the world and build bridges between different cultures. We should also respect and protect our own language, as it is a symbol of our national identity and ______ (9) (culture) heritage. In short, language is a precious gift of human beings. We must cherish and protect it ______ (10) that it can continue to serve humanity. 语法填空答案及详细解析（核心考点+语法依据+语境适配） 1. 答案：connecting 解析：核心考点为非谓语动词（介词后接动名词）。介词in后需接动名词作宾语，且and连接并列结构，前后均为动名词形式（connecting与passing on并列），故填connecting。 2. 答案：the 解析：核心考点为冠词（形容词最高级前的用法）。most widely spoken为形容词最高级形式，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，表示“最……的”，故填the。 3. 答案：is spoken 解析：核心考点为一般现在时的被动语态。①主语It（指代Mandarin Chinese）与speak为被动关系（汉语被人说），需用被动语态；②本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时；③主语为单数，故填is spoken。 4. 答案：interesting 解析：核心考点为形容词辨析（-ing形容词与-ed形容词）。空格处修饰名词meanings（含义），需用-ing形容词interesting（有趣的），表示事物的特征；-ed形容词frightened用于修饰人，表人的感受，此处不符合，故填interesting。 5. 答案：is used 解析：核心考点为一般现在时的被动语态。①主语It（指代English）与use为被动关系（英语被用于……），需用被动语态；②本句描述客观用途，用一般现在时；③主语为单数，故填is used。 6. 答案：that 解析：核心考点为名词性从句（表语从句引导词）。The reason why...is that...为固定句型，that引导表语从句，无实际词义，仅起连接作用，从句成分完整，故填that。 7. 答案：disappearing 解析：核心考点为非谓语动词（介词后接动名词）。介词of后需接动名词作宾语，且in danger of doing为固定结构，意为“处于……的危险中”，故填disappearing。 8. 答案：are taking/have taken/take 解析：核心考点为时态（语境适配）。①一般现在时take：描述客观事实，指各国政府常态化采取措施；②现在进行时are taking：强调当前正在进行的动作；③现在完成时have taken：强调动作从过去持续到现在，均符合语境，故三者均可。 9. 答案：cultural 解析：核心考点为词性转换（名词变形容词）。空格处修饰名词heritage（遗产），需用形容词作定语，名词culture变形容词为cultural（文化的），故填cultural。 10. 答案：so 解析：核心考点为连词（目的状语从句）。句意：我们必须珍惜和保护语言，以便它能继续为人类服务。空格后为目的状语从句，需用so that，表“为了……”。 语法填空高频语法总结 本大题聚焦高一核心语法：非谓语动词（介词后动名词）、被动语态（一般现在时）、冠词（最高级前the）、名词性从句（表语从句）、词性转换，均为高考高频考点，且词汇、语法均贴合“语言”主题，实现语法与话题的深度结合。 四、应用文写作（80-100 词，15 分） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对中国的汉语及汉字很感兴趣，他想了解学习汉语的方法，向你寻求建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达对他的回复意愿； 2. 给出2-3条具体的学习建议； 3. 表达祝愿。 词数80-100，邮件格式正确。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad you’re interested in Chinese and Chinese characters. I’d like to share some practical tips to help you learn Chinese well. First, practice writing Chinese characters every day, as they are the foundation of Chinese. Second, watch Chinese cartoons or TV shows to improve your listening and speaking. Third, try to talk with Chinese learners online to practice fluency. Hope these tips work for you. Wish you make great progress in Chinese learning! Yours, Li Hua （词数：92，符合80-100词要求） 范文解析（体裁格式+内容要点+语法词汇） 体裁与格式（书信类核心考点） 本文为电子邮件，严格遵循英文书信标准格式：开头Dear Tom（称呼，顶格写）；行文分段清晰（三段式，每段对应一个写作要点）；结尾祝福语+Yours,（左对齐）+Li Hua（署名，下一行），格式规范，符合高考阅卷评分标准。 2、 内容要点全覆盖（满分关键） 题干3个核心要求全部落实，无遗漏、无冗余：①回复意愿：开篇用I’m glad you’re interested in...和I’d like to share...直接回应需求，简洁明了；②保护建议：用First/Second/Third清晰衔接，给出“每日写汉字、看中文影视、线上交流”3条具体建议，贴合汉语学习特点，适配Tom的外国学习者身份；③表达祝愿：用Hope these tips work...和Wish you make great progress...收尾，符合书信交际功能。 3、 语法与句式（高一核心考点） ①状语从句：as they are the foundation of Chinese（原因状语从句），表因果逻辑； ②非谓语动词：watch Chinese cartoons to improve...（不定式表目的）； ③祈使句：practice writing.../try to talk...（祈使句表建议），语气恰当，贴合提建议的语境；句式以简单句、并列句为主，难度适配高一水平，无语法错误。 四、词汇与短语（单元+话题高频词） 汉语学习核心词：Chinese characters, foundation, listening and speaking, fluency 实用短语：share some practical tips, practice writing, make great progress in 祝福语：Wish you make great progress... 简洁通用，适配书信结尾场景，贴合单元“语言学习”主题。 写作技巧总结 1. 开门见山：开篇直接回应对方对汉语学习的兴趣，表明要分享建议，符合应用文“简洁明了”的核心要求； 2. 序数词衔接：用First/Second/Third提建议，条理清晰，阅卷老师易捕捉要点，是高考应用文提建议的万能技巧； 3. 词数把控：每条建议用一句话表述，避免冗长，精准贴合80-100词限制； 4. 主题贴合：选用Chinese characters、listening and speaking等语言学习类词汇，紧扣题干“学习汉语的方法”要求，内容针对性强。 四、外刊和时文文章阅读（每小题2分，满分10分） 1、外刊 （出处：《The Guardian》2025年11月文章 “AI and language preservation: Saving dying languages with technology”） Technology is playing an increasingly important role in protecting endangered languages. With only a few hundred speakers left, many small languages are on the edge of disappearing. AI-powered tools are now being used to record, analyze and teach these languages, giving them a chance to survive. One example is a mobile app developed by researchers. It uses AI to recognize and transcribe spoken words of endangered languages. Users can speak into the app, and it will convert their voices into written text. The app also provides lessons to help people learn these languages. “AI can’t replace human speakers, but it can preserve the language’s structure and vocabulary,” says linguist Dr. James Wilson. In addition, virtual reality (VR) technology is used to create immersive language learning environments. Learners can “experience” the culture of the language speakers and practice speaking in real-life scenarios. This makes learning more interesting and effective. Experts believe that with the help of technology, more endangered languages can be saved for future generations. 2.时文 （出处：《2025-2026 Global Language Diversity Report》2026年2月发布） The latest Global Language Diversity Report shows that over 2,000 languages are now endangered, accounting for nearly 30% of all languages in the world. The main reasons include globalization, the spread of dominant languages like English and Mandarin, and the decline of ethnic communities. Asia and Africa have the largest number of endangered languages. In China, the government has taken effective measures to protect ethnic languages. For example, it has included ethnic language education in the national education system and built digital libraries for endangered languages. In Africa, many communities are working with international organizations to record oral traditions in their native languages. The report also points out that young people are the key to language preservation. Encouraging young people to learn and use traditional languages can ensure their survival. The report calls on governments, organizations and individuals to work together to protect language diversity, as it is essential for cultural diversity and human heritage. 阅读理解题（每小题2分，共10分） 1. What is the role of AI in language preservation? A. It can replace human speakers of endangered languages. B. It helps record, analyze and teach endangered languages. C. It makes endangered languages become dominant languages. D. It creates new languages for ethnic communities. 2. What can the AI mobile app do? A. Convert spoken endangered languages into written text. B. Translate endangered languages into English directly. C. Speak endangered languages better than humans. D. Build digital libraries for endangered languages. 3. How many languages are endangered according to the report? A. Over 1,000. B. Over 2,000. C. Over 3,000. D. Over 4,000. 4. What measure has China taken to protect ethnic languages? A. Banned the spread of Mandarin in ethnic areas. B. Included ethnic language education in the national education system. C. Asked all young people to only speak ethnic languages. D. Stopped globalization in ethnic communities. 5. Who is the key to language preservation according to the report? A. Governments. B. Linguists. C. Young people. D. International organizations. 外刊时文翻译 1.外刊翻译 科技在保护濒危语言方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。许多小众语言仅剩数百名使用者，正处于消失的边缘。如今，人工智能驱动的工具被用于记录、分析和教授这些语言，为它们提供了生存的机会。 研究人员开发的一款移动应用程序就是一个例子。它利用人工智能识别并转录濒危语言的口语词汇。用户可以对着应用程序说话，它会将语音转换为书面文本。该应用程序还提供课程，帮助人们学习这些语言。“人工智能无法取代人类使用者，但它可以保存语言的结构和词汇，”语言学家詹姆斯·威尔逊博士说。 此外，虚拟现实技术被用于创建沉浸式语言学习环境。学习者可以“体验”语言使用者的文化，并在真实场景中练习口语。这让学习变得更有趣、更高效。专家认为，在科技的帮助下，更多濒危语言可以被拯救，留给后代。 2.时文翻译 最新《2025-2026年全球语言多样性报告》显示，目前有超过2000种语言处于濒危状态，占全球所有语言的近30%。主要原因包括全球化、英语和汉语等主流语言的传播，以及少数民族社群的衰落。 亚洲和非洲拥有数量最多的濒危语言。在中国，政府已采取有效措施保护少数民族语言。例如，政府将少数民族语言教育纳入国家教育体系，并为濒危语言建立了数字图书馆。在非洲，许多社群正与国际组织合作，用母语记录口头传统。 该报告还指出，年轻人是语言保护的关键。鼓励年轻人学习和使用传统语言有助于确保这些语言的存续。报告呼吁各国政府、组织和个人共同努力保护语言多样性，因为它对文化多样性和人类遗产至关重要。 外刊时文阅读答案及解析（核心考点：细节定位+推理判断） 1. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。根据第一篇外刊第一段“AI-powered tools are now being used to record, analyze and teach these languages”可知，人工智能在语言保护中的作用是记录、分析和教授濒危语言。A项“取代人类使用者”与原文“AI can’t replace human speakers”相悖；C项“使濒危语言成为主流语言”、D项“为少数民族创造新语言”均未在原文提及，排除。 2. 答案：A 解析：细节定位题。根据第一篇外刊第二段“Users can speak into the app, and it will convert their voices into written text”可知，这款人工智能应用能将濒危语言的口语转换为书面文本。B项“直接将濒危语言译为英语”、C项“比人类说濒危语言更好”原文未提及；D项“为濒危语言建立数字图书馆”是中国政府的举措，并非该应用的功能，排除。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。根据第二篇时文第一段“The latest Global Language Diversity Report shows that over 2,000 languages are now endangered”可知，报告显示超过2000种语言处于濒危状态，直接对应选项B。 4. 答案：B 解析：细节定位题。根据第二篇时文第二段“it has included ethnic language education in the national education system”可知，中国将少数民族语言教育纳入国家教育体系，以此保护少数民族语言。A项“禁止在少数民族地区传播汉语”、C项“要求所有年轻人只说少数民族语言”、D项“停止少数民族地区的全球化进程”均与原文不符，排除。 5. 答案：C 解析：细节定位题。根据第二篇时文第三段“The report also points out that young people are the key to language preservation”可知，报告认为年轻人是语言保护的关键。A项“政府”、B项“语言学家”、D项“国际组织”均为参与力量，但非核心关键，排除。 外刊时文核心亮点总结 1. 主题契合：聚焦“科技与语言保护”“全球语言多样性现状”，与本单元“濒危语言保护”核心话题高度契合，拓展学生国际视野； 2. 考点适配：阅读题均为高考高频题型（细节定位题），侧重考查学生快速抓取原文关键信息的能力，符合高一培优需求； 3. 词汇拓展：涵盖AI-powered tools（人工智能驱动工具）、immersive environments（沉浸式环境）、dominant languages（主流语言）等高频外刊词汇，助力学生积累话题词块，提升阅读素养。 五、错题复盘 温馨提示：本作业所有语篇及题目均贴合Unit5单元话题，兼顾基础巩固与山东高考命题趋势，建议结合解析查漏补缺，重点掌握单元核心词汇、短语及句型，并进行归纳总结，为后续学习奠定基础。 知识补漏:错一改三，重复记忆 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 技巧总结：归纳总结，举一反三 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $