寒假预习：专题02 Unit 1 Growing up 语法+知识演练（讲义）-2025-2026学年外研版（三起）英语五年级下册

寒假预习：专题02 Unit 1 Growing up语法讲义+知识演练 2025-2026学年五年级下册英语（外研版） 核心语法点1：一般过去时—— was/were 的用法 1. 语法含义：专门用于描述过去某一时刻的状态、年龄，或过去的身份。 2. 关键规则： ① 主语是第一人称（I）、第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，用was； ② 主语是第二人称（you）、复数（we/they/复数名词）时，用were； ③ 否定句在was/were后加not（缩写wasn't/weren't）； ④ 一般疑问句将was/were提前。 3. 课本原句例句： — I was four and Chenchen was ten months old.（我四岁，晨晨十个月大。） — How old were you last year? — I was nine.（—你去年几岁？—我九岁。） — She wasn't naughty when she was little.（她小时候不淘气。） 4. 易错提醒：注意主谓一致，I搭配was，you/we/they搭配were，避免出现“I were...”“She were...”的错误。 核心语法点2：一般过去时—— 动词过去式的用法（描述过去的动作、经历） 1. 语法含义：用于描述过去发生的动作、经历或过去经常性的动作，本单元重点用于描述小时候学会的技能、过去的假期经历等。 2. 关键规则： ① 肯定句（主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他）； ② 否定句（主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他）； ③ 一般疑问句（Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？），回答用did/didn't呼应。 3. 课本原句例句： — We played football together.（我们一起踢过足球。） — I learnt to ski at the summer camp.（我在夏令营学会了滑雪。） — He went to the summer camp last year.（他去年去了夏令营。） 4. 易错提醒：牢记本单元重点动词过去式（learn→learnt、go→went、play→played），否定句和疑问句中，动词需还原为原形。 核心语法点3：could句型（本单元重点）—— 描述过去的能力 1. 语法含义：could是can的过去式，专门用于描述过去拥有的能力（小时候会做或不会做的事），语气委婉。 2. 关键规则：肯定句（主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他）；否定句（主语 + couldn't + 动词原形 + 其他）（could not缩写为couldn't）；一般疑问句（Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？），回答用could/couldn't。 3. 课本原句例句： — We could play football together.（我们以前能一起踢足球。） — At first, I couldn't ski.（一开始，我不会滑雪。） — Could you ride a bike when you were five? — No, I couldn't.（—你五岁的时候会骑自行车吗？—不，我不会。） 4. 易错提醒：could后面永远接动词原形，不能接动词过去式或-ing形式，如“Could you swam?”是错误的。 核心语法点4：一般过去时的特殊疑问句（深化应用）—— 询问过去的细节 1. 语法含义：用于询问过去的年龄、动作、地点等细节，本单元重点结合how old、where、what等疑问词使用。 2. 关键规则： ① 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？（询问状态、年龄、地点）； ② 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（询问动作、经历）。 3. 课本原句例句： — How old were you last year?（你去年几岁？） — I was nine.（我九岁。） — What did you do at the summer camp?（你在夏令营做了什么？） — I learnt to ski.（我学会了滑雪。） 核心语法点5：when引导的时间状语从句—— 描述过去动作发生的时间 1. 语法含义：用于连接两个过去的动作，说明一个动作发生的时间，本单元重点用于描述“某人几岁时做了某事”。 2. 关键规则：when引导的从句用一般过去时（was/were或动词过去式），主句也用一般过去时，前后时态保持一致。 3. 课本原句例句： — He could play football when he was six.（他六岁的时候会踢足球。） — I learnt to swim when I was eight.（我八岁的时候学会了游泳。） 知识演练 一、语法填空 1. I __________ (be) nine years old last year. Now I am ten.（我去年九岁，现在十岁了。） 2. She __________ (learn) to ski at the summer camp last month.（她上个月在夏令营学会了滑雪。） 3. When he was five, he __________ (could) ride a bike, but he could swim.（他五岁的时候不会骑自行车，但是会游泳。） 4. They __________ (go) to the summer camp together last holiday.（他们去年假期一起去了夏令营。） 5. —How old __________ (be) you when you went to primary school? —I was six.（—你上小学的时候几岁？—我六岁。） 二、单项选择 （ ）1. —How old were you last year? —I __________ nine. A. was B. were C. am （ ）2. He __________ to the summer camp last year. He had a good time. A. go B. went C. goes （ ）3. —Could you ride a bike when you were four? —No, I __________. A. could B. couldn't C. didn't （ ）4. She __________ naughty when she was little. She was very quiet. A. wasn't B. were C. was （ ）5. —What did you do yesterday? —I __________ football with my friends. A. play B. played C. plays 三、句型转换（每空一词） 1. I was ten years old last year.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — __________ you ten years old last year? — No, I __________. 2. He could play football when he was six.（改为否定句） — He __________ __________ football when he was six. 3. They played football together yesterday.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） — __________ they __________ football together yesterday? — Yes, they __________. 4. I was in the park last Sunday.（对划线部分提问） — __________ __________ you last Sunday? 5. She learnt to swim when she was eight.（改为同义句） — She __________ __________ swim when she was eight. 四、判断句子语法使用的正（T）误（F） （ ）1. I were seven years old when I went to primary school.（我上小学的时候七岁。） （ ）2. He couldn't ski at first, but he learnt it later.（他一开始不会滑雪，但是后来学会了。） （ ）3. Did you went to the summer camp last year?（你去年去夏令营了吗？） （ ）4. She was nervous when she first learnt to ski.（她第一次学滑雪的时候很紧张。） （ ）5. They played football together every day last week.（他们上周每天一起踢足球。） 五、补全对话（每空一词） 1. —How old __________ you last year? —I __________ eight years old.（—你去年几岁？—我八岁。） 2. —__________ you ride a bike when you were five? —No, I __________.（—你五岁的时候会骑自行车吗？—不，我不会。） 3. —What __________ you do at the summer camp? —I __________ to ski.（—你在夏令营做了什么？—我学会了滑雪。） 4. —Where __________ you last Sunday? —I __________ at the park with my family.（—你上周日在哪里？—我和家人在公园。） 5. —He __________ to the summer camp last holiday. —I went there too.（—他去年假期去了夏令营。—我也去了那里。） 六、语法匹配 （ ）1. I was four and Chenchen was ten months old. A. 一般过去时 （ ）2. He could play football when he was six. B. 一般过去时（was/were） （ ）3. They went to the summer camp last year. C. could句型 （ ）4. Did you learn to ski at the summer camp? D. when引导的时间状语从句 （ ）5. She learnt to swim when she was eight. E. 一般过去时的特殊疑问句 七、连词成句 1. old, were, you, how, last, year (?) → _____________________________________________ 2. could, he, when, six, was, football, play, he (.) → ______________________________________________ 3. went, I, camp, summer, to, the, year, last (.) → ______________________________________________ 4. did, what, you, do, yesterday (?) → ______________________________________________ 5. learnt, I, to, when, ski, was, I, eight (.) → ______________________________________________ 答案 一、语法填空 1. was 2. learnt 3. couldn't 4. went 5. were 二、单项选择 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 三、句型转换 1. Were; wasn't 2. couldn't play 3. Did; play; did 4. Where were 5. could learn 四、判断句子语法使用的正（T）误（F） 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 五、补全对话 1. were; was 2. Could; couldn't 3. did; learnt 4. were; was 5. went 六、语法匹配 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.D 七、连词成句 1. How old were you last year? 2. He could play football when he was six. 3. I went to the summer camp last year. 4. What did you do yesterday? 5. I learnt to ski when I was eight. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $