Unit 3 A healthy diet（知识清单）英语译林版三起六年级下册

Unit 3 A healthy diet知 识 归 纳 语音语调 ou /au/ about, house, mouth, out， shout 必记单词 diet 饮食 healthy 健康的 unhealthy 不健康的 food 食物 fruit 水果 vegetable 蔬菜 meat 肉 fish 鱼；鱼肉 rice 米饭 noodles 面条 bread 面包 egg 鸡蛋 milk 牛奶 juice 果汁 water 水 chocolate 巧克力 sweet 糖果 cake 蛋糕 hamburger 汉堡包 cola 可乐 chips 薯条 breakfast 早餐 lunch 午餐 dinner 晚餐 meal 一餐；一顿饭 eat 吃 drink 喝 have 吃；喝 need 需要 should 应该 shouldn't 不应该 too 太；也 much 许多 many 许多 some 一些 a little 一点 a few 几个 lot 许多 lots of 许多 a lot of 许多 often 经常 usually 通常 sometimes 有时 never 从不 常考短语 1. a healthy diet 健康的饮食 2. an unhealthy diet 不健康的饮食 3. eat some fruit 吃一些水果 4. eat a lot of vegetables 吃很多蔬菜 5. have some meat 吃一些肉 6. drink much water 喝很多水 7. a little rice 一点米饭 8. a few eggs 几个鸡蛋 9. too much chocolate 太多巧克力 10. too many sweets 太多糖果 11. for breakfast 作为早餐 12. for lunch 作为午餐 13. for dinner 作为晚餐 14. three meals a day 一天三顿饭 15. eat well 吃得好 16. drink some milk 喝一些牛奶 17. have noodles for lunch 午餐吃面条 18. eat fast food 吃快餐 19. never eat hamburgers 从不吃汉堡包 20. need a lot of energy 需要很多能量 必会句型 1. —What do you have for breakfast? 你早餐吃什么？—I have some bread and milk. 我吃一些面包，喝一些牛奶。 2. She has a healthy diet. She eats a lot of vegetables every day. 她有健康的饮食。她每天吃很多蔬菜。 3. He shouldn't eat too much meat. It's not good for his health. 他不应该吃太多肉。这对他的健康不好。 4. We need to eat some fruit and vegetables every day. 我们每天需要吃一些水果和蔬菜。 5. There is a little rice in the bowl. 碗里有一点米饭。 6. There are a few eggs in the fridge. 冰箱里有几个鸡蛋。 7. Too much cola is bad for us. 太多可乐对我们不好。 8. Do you have a healthy diet? 你有健康的饮食吗？ 9. They usually have fish and rice for dinner. 他们通常晚餐吃鱼和米饭。 10. It's important to have a healthy diet. 有健康的饮食很重要。 核心语法 1. 可数名词与不可数名词的辨析（食物类） 2. 修饰词的用法（some/any, a little/a few, too much/too many） 3. 情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议） 考 点 速 记 考点 01 可数名词与不可数名词的辨析（食物类）可数名词（食物类）： 定义：可以数出具体数量的食物，有单复数形式。 常见例子：egg—eggs（鸡蛋）、vegetable—vegetables（蔬菜）、sweet—sweets（糖果）、hamburger—hamburgers（汉堡包）、noodle—noodles（面条） 不可数名词（食物类）： 定义：无法直接数出具体数量的食物，无复数形式。 常见例子：rice（米饭）、bread（面包）、meat（肉）、fish（鱼肉）、milk（牛奶）、juice（果汁）、water（水）、chocolate（巧克力，总称） 解析： 1.可数名词前可直接加数词，如 three eggs（三个鸡蛋）；不可数名词需搭配 “量词 + of” 表示数量，如 a bowl of rice（一碗米饭）、a glass of milk（一杯牛奶）。 2.部分名词既可数也不可数：fish 表示 “鱼的条数” 时可数（fish—fish），表示 “鱼肉” 时不可数；chicken 表示 “小鸡” 时可数，表示 “鸡肉” 时不可数。 典例： 1.I buy five apples and some bananas.（可数名词复数）我买了五个苹果和一些香蕉。 2.She drinks a cup of juice every morning.（不可数名词 + 量词）她每天早上喝一杯果汁。 3.There are some vegetables in the soup.（可数名词复数）汤里有一些蔬菜。 提分练 一、单项选择： 1.There are some ______ on the table. A. bread B. egg C. tomatoes 2.I want a bowl of ______ for lunch. A. rice B. noodles C. eggs 3.How many ______ do you need? A. milk B. meat C. potatoes 4.There is some ______ in the fridge. A. apples B. juice C. carrots 5.She eats two ______ and drinks a glass of milk for breakfast. A. bread B. egg C. eggs 二、按要求填空（用所给名词的适当形式填空）： 1.There are three ______ (tomato) and two ______ (potato) in the basket. 2.I have some ______ (bread) and a ______ (glass) of milk for breakfast. 3.How many ______ (egg) do you want to buy? 4.There is some ______ (fish) in the plate. It's fresh. 6.She likes eating ______ (vegetable) and ______ (fruit) every day. 考点 02 修饰词的用法（some/any, a little/a few, too much/too many）1.some/any 的用法： some：用于肯定句，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示 “一些”；也可用于委婉请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。 any：用于否定句和一般疑问句，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示 “一些”。 2.a little/a few 的用法： a little：修饰不可数名词，表示 “一点，少量”，强调有。 a few：修饰可数名词复数，表示 “几个，一些”，强调数量不多。 3.too much/too many 的用法： too much：修饰不可数名词，表示 “太多”，强调过量。 too many：修饰可数名词复数，表示 “太多”，强调数量过多。 解析： 1.常见易错点：a little 与 little 的区别，little 修饰不可数名词，表 “几乎没有”，否定含义；a few 与 few 的区别，few 修饰可数名词复数，表 “几乎没有”，否定含义。 2.修饰词需根据后面的名词类型（可数 / 不可数）选择，不能混淆。 典例： 1.I have some books and some water.（肯定句，some 修饰可数复数和不可数名词）我有一些书和一些水。 2.Do you have any questions?（一般疑问句，any 修饰可数复数）你有任何问题吗？ 3.There is a little milk in the bottle.（a little 修饰不可数名词）瓶子里有一点牛奶。 4.She has a few friends at school.（a few 修饰可数复数）她在学校有几个朋友。 5.Don't drink too much cola.（too much 修饰不可数名词）不要喝太多可乐。 6.He eats too many hamburgers.（too many 修饰可数复数）他吃太多汉堡包了。 提分练 一、单项选择： 1.I have ______ rice and ______ eggs for dinner. A. some; a few B. a little; some C. too much; too many 2.—Do you have ______ fruit? —Yes, I have ______ apples and oranges. A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any 3.There is ______ water in the cup. Can you give me more? A. a little B. little C. a few 4.She has ______ friends in this city. She feels lonely. A. a few B. few C. a little 5.Don't eat ______ sweets. They are bad for your teeth. A. too many B. too much C. a few 二、按要求填空（用 some/any/a little/a few/too much/too many 填空）： 1.There is ______ milk in the fridge. Let's buy some. 2.I have ______ books about healthy diet. I can lend you one. 3.She doesn't have ______ time to exercise. She is too busy. 4.Don't drink ______ coffee before bed. It's hard to sleep. 5.There are ______ people in the supermarket. It's crowded. 6.Can I have ______ juice? I'm thirsty. 考点 03 情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议）1.基本含义： should：表示 “应该”，用于给出合理的饮食建议，语气委婉。 shouldn't：是 should 的否定形式，表示 “不应该”，用于提醒避免不健康的饮食行为。 2.用法结构： 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容. 否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容. 一般疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + should. 否定回答：No, 主语 + shouldn't.） 解析： 1.should/shouldn't 后必须接动词原形，不受主语单复数影响。 2.饮食建议中常搭配核心动词：eat（吃）、drink（喝）、have（吃；喝）、avoid（避免）等。 典例： 1.You should eat more vegetables and fruit. 你应该多吃蔬菜和水果。 2.We shouldn't eat too much fast food. 我们不应该吃太多快餐。 3.—Should I drink milk every day? 我应该每天喝牛奶吗？—Yes, you should. It's good for your bones. 是的，你应该。这对你的骨骼有好处。 提分练 一、单项选择： 1.We ______ eat a lot of vegetables to keep healthy. A. should B. shouldn't C. can't 2.He ______ drink too much cola. It's bad for his teeth. A. should B. shouldn't C. must 3.—Should she eat sweets every day? —______, she shouldn't. They are unhealthy. A. Yes B. No C. Maybe 4.You ______ have breakfast every morning. It's important. A. should B. shouldn't C. can't 5.—Should we eat meat every day? —______, we can eat it sometimes, but not every day. A. Yes B. No C. Sure 二、按要求填空（用 should 或 shouldn't 填空）： 1.We ______ eat more fruit. It has a lot of vitamins. 2.You ______ eat too many hamburgers. They are high in fat. 3.She ______ drink much water every day. It's good for metabolism. 4.He ______ eat sweet food before bedtime. It's bad for teeth. 5.They ______ have a balanced diet. It can make them strong. 参考答案 （1）可数名词与不可数名词的辨析（食物类） 一、单项选择 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 二、按要求填空 1.tomatoes; potatoes 2.bread; glass 3.eggs 4.fish 5.vegetables; fruit （2）修饰词的用法 一、单项选择 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 二、按要求填空 1.little 2.a few 3.any 4.too much 5.too many 6.some （3）情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议） 一、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 二、按要求填空 1.should 2.shouldn't 3.should 4.shouldn't 5.should 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $