词汇清单16 语言学习的规律和方法（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

词汇清单16 语言的学习规律和方法 必识核心词汇 语言学习规律和方法的动词 1. absorb vt. 吸收；使全神贯 2. express v. 表达 3. improve v. 提高 4. master vt. 精通，掌握 5. overcome v. 克服；解决 6. concentrate on集中注意力于…… 7. keep/bear. . . in mind记住…… 8. practice n. & v. 练习 9. pronounce v. 发音 10. review v. 复习 11. retell v. 重讲，复述 12. acquire v. 获得 13. recite v. 背诵 14. look up查阅 15. make progress取得进步 16. set/take/write/note down写下，记下 17. attach importance to重视 18. benefit from从……获益 19. consult v. 咨询；请教 20. memorize v. 记忆 21. skim v. 浏览；略读 22. scan v. & n. 扫描；浏览 23. remark n. & v. 评述；谈论；评论 24. classify v. 分类；归类 25. enlarge vt. 使扩大 26. have a frog in one’s throat 说话困难 27. burn up 烧毁，烧尽 28. burn down 烧毁 29. reflect v. 显示，反映 语言学习规律和方法的名词 1. accent n. 口音；腔 2. communication n. 交流，沟通 3. knowledge n. 知识，学问 4. grammar n. 语法 5. idiom n. 成语 6. dialect n. 地方话；方言 7. point of view 观点；看法 8. speech n. 演说；演讲 9. usage n. 使用；用法 10. vocabulary n. 词汇 11. saying n. 谚语 12. standard n. & adj. 标准(的) 13. dictation n. 听写 14. error n. 错误，谬误 15. resource n. 资料，(教学)资源 16. summary n. 摘要；概要 17. globalization n. 全球化 18. means n. 方式；方法；途径 19. seminar n. 研讨会 20. alphabet n. 字母表；字母 21. forum n. (因特网上的)论坛，讨论区 22. extinction n. 灭绝；消失；消灭；废止 23. course n. 科目；课程 24. semester n. 学期；半年 25. interpreter n. 解释者；口译者；注释器 26. symbol n. 符号；象征 27. means n. 方式；方法；途径 28. classic n. 经典作品；名著 29. regard n. 尊重；关注 30. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特 31. calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术 32. affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系 33. semester n. 学期 34. advance n. 前进；发展 35. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 36. audience n. 观众；听众 37. behaviour n. 行为；举止 38. title n. 题目，标题 39. native language/tongue 母语 40. native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人 41. attitude of mind 心态；看法 　 语言学习规律和方法的形容词副词和其他 1. fluently adv. 流利地 2. informal adj. (书写或言谈)非正式的 3. symbolic adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的 4. explicit adj. 清楚明白的；易于理解的 5. precise adj. 准确的；精确的；确切的 6. capitalized adj. 大写的 7. based adj. 以…为基础的；以……为重要部分的 8. verbal adj. 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的 9. oral adj. 口头的，口述的 10. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大 11. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 12. global adj. 全球的；全世界的 13. wicked adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的 14. opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 15. confusing adj. 令人困惑的 16. capitalized adj. 大写的 17. unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的 18. visible adj. 看得见的，可见的 19. creative adj. 创造(性)的 20. unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 21. aware adj. 意识到的，明白的 22. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 23. odd adj. 奇特的，古怪的 24. negative adj. 消极的，负面 巩固提升 一. 词汇拓展 1. _______vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫…求助于→_______n. 指称关系；参考；涉及；提及；查阅→_______n. (某些体育运动的)裁判员；调解人 2. _______adj. 以(某事)为基础的；→_______vt. 以…为据点；以…为基础 n. 底部；根据→_______adj. 基本的；基础的→_______adv. 基本上, 根本上, 本质上 3. _______n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→_______adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的→_______vt. & vi. 使多样化；改变；变化→_______adj. 多变的；杂色的；各式各样的 4. _______adj. 全球的；全世界的→_______n. 球体；地球仪；地球 5. _______vt. 欣赏；感激；领会 vi. 增值→_______n. 欣赏；感谢；理解；明白 6. _______n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→_______adv. 相同地；同样地→_______n. 平等→_______adj. 不平等的，不相等的 7. _______n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→_______adj. 要求高的；苛求的 8. _______n. 描写(文字)；形容→_______vt. 描述；描写 9. _______vt. 联系；讲述→_______adj. 相关的；有联系的→_______n. 关系；联系→_______adj. 相对的；有关系的；n. 亲戚→_______adj. 无关的，不相干的 10. _______adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→_______adv. 确切地；具体地；特别地→_______v. 确切说明；明确规定；详述 11. _______n. 态度，看法→_______adj. 态度上的 12. _______n. 系统；制度，体制→_______adj. 成体系的；系统的；有条理的→_______adv. 系统地；按照计划地 13. _______n. 符号，象征→_______vt. 象征；作为…的象征→________adj. 象征性的，使用象征的 14. _______adj. 主要的; 大的 n. 主修课程 vi. 主修→_______n. 多数 15. _______n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→_______adj. 典型的；特有的；n. 特征；特性；特色 16. _______vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→_______n. 乞丐 17. _______adj. 自信的→_______n. 自信，信任；把握→________adv. 自信地 18. _______vt. 同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→_______adj. 平衡的，均衡的 19. _______vt. 吸引→_______adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的→_______n. 吸引；具有吸引力的人或事物 20._______vt.& vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→_______n. 赞成；认可；批准→_______n. 不赞成；反对) 二. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The learned _______ expressed his novel _______ about this theory. (think) 2. All men are born _______, so everyone hopes to be treated _______ because _______y is the basic demand. (equal) 3. It is an _______ invention so that we are all _______ at it; to our _______, it is a disabled man who made the invention. (amaze) 4. Henry gave her a _______ smile and his _______ made her face challenge bravely. (confident) 5. The Great Wall is a famous _______, whose scenery is very _______, and it _______ millions of tourists at home and abroad. (attract) 6. Although some graduates find it _______ to find a suitable job after graduation, they are still willing to accept all the _______. (challenge) 7. Samuel, an American Jazz _______ succeeded in _______ at his college. The audience were impressed by his amazing _______. (perform) 8. The man waited outside _______. It seemed that he didn't know _______ comes from not being able to adapt himself in his own existence. (anxious) 9. Some trees are _______ in the river and the _______ is very beautiful. (reflect) 10. Jim _______ so well that the teacher praised his good _______ in front of class. (behave) 11. Although he _______ many times, Henry didn't admit he was a _______. (fail) 12. After suffering heavy _______, Paul sat around in his office, _______ in thought. (lose) 13. These new shoes are not very _______ though they are designed for _______. (comfort) 14. As you know, fresh air is _______l to our health and the new park _______ us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit) 15. He had changed so much that you couldn't _______ him. As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond _______. (recognize) 16. Though different from the natural _______, these _______ girls are characterized for their _______ clean faces, fair skin and delicate makeup. (beauty) 17. “In _______, the government provided an _______ five million dollars to expand the service.” the official _______. (add) 18. Before the new law comes into _______, I hope we can take some _______ measures to protect the animals. Then we should work _______ at once. (effect) 19. After seeing the _______ film, the _______ boy was too _______ to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten) 20. Sue, who had a strong _______, expressed her _______ opinion. _______ speaking, I agreed with what she said. (person) 三. 一词多义 Lecture A. n. 讲座；演讲 B. n. 教训，训斥 C. vt. 指责，训斥 D. vi. 开讲座，讲课 1. What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior. ________ 2. (应用文之演讲稿) I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is designed for Senior Three students. ________ 3. As a senior high school student，I know I must stop smoking—don’t give me a lecture about it. ________ 4. Mr Black lectures in Russian literature in this university. ________ narrow A. v. 缩小 B. adj. 狭隘的 C. adj. 勉强的 D. adj. 范围小的 5. The driver had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the icy road. ________ 6. As far as I'm concerned, the manager has a narrow view of the world. ________ 7. The shop sells only a narrow range of goods. Let's go to another one. ________ 8. Rural earnings have been rising steadily in China, and the wealth gap between rural and urban residents is narrowing. ________ fancy A. 花哨的 B. adj. 昂贵的，豪华的 C. vt. 想要 9. That was the first time that we had eaten out in a fancy restaurant. ________ 10. “What on earth do you fancy doing, anyway？”asked Lucy coldly. ________C 11. The necklace is packaged in a fancy plastic case with attractive graphics. ________ wave A. vt. 挥动 B. n. 波；波状运动 C. n. 汹涌的行动(或思想)D. n. 波浪 12. Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. ________ 13. Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping. ________ 14. The inspector waved his arms to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother. ________ 15. He completes at least two hours of outdoor activities daily and has raised a wave of discussion online. ________ Update A. vt. 向……提供最新信息 B. vt. 更新 C. n. 最新消息 16. The government also updates the numbers of new confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries in detail. ________ 17. It was on a TV channel's news update that Monica heard the news­flash. ________ 18. I called the office to update them on the day's developments. ________ 四. 选词填空 A. factor    B. limited   C. solution   D. current   E. signal    F. uncertain G. maintained   H. themed   I. represent    J. marched   K. determine 1. The museum’s new exhibition is ________ around the Silk Road, showing ancient trade goods and maps. 2. Despite the heavy storm, the pilot ________ calm and safely landed the plane. 3. Scientists are trying to ________ whether the new drug can stop the virus from spreading. 4. After the ceremony, the students ________ out of the hall in perfect order. 5. The ________ economic situation encourages more young people to start their own businesses. 6. Chest pains can be a warning ________ of heart problems. 7. Because the final exam timetable has not been announced, students are still ________ about when their first test will take place. 8. The tiny blue dot on the map is meant to ________ our village, which is home to 500 people. 9. Recycling is widely seen as an environmentally friendly ________ to plastic pollution. 10. Price is an important ________ that affects most families when choosing a holiday destination. burn down; be aware of; be made up of; be different from; turn out; ups and downs; date back to; at the beginning; depend on; get used to 11. I didn’t think I could ever ________ living in a big city after living in the country. 12. No one could have foreseen that things would ________ this way. 13. Chinese New Year ________ other country’s New Year. 14. The chances of a full recovery will ________ the severity of her injuries. 15. The writing process ________ four stages, and each stage involves certain activities. 16. Can I go back to what you said ________ of the meeting? 17. At that time none of us ________ the consequences. 18. The caves ________ early Viking times in about 800 A. D. 19. If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might ________ the house. 20. We are bound to see some ________ along the road to recovery. 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 【语言变化及发展】 (2025-2026学年湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考)Linguistics holds a basic premise(前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth stem not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. Languages are not a dying natural death; they are being forced out of existence. A few dozen killer languages,” like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. The erosion happens everywhere; in settler societies like the US and Canada, half of the indigenous(原住民的) languages are already silent; in homes globally, families abandon mother tongues for dominant languages, losing not just words but gestures and cultural knowledge. Why does this loss matter? Each language holds unique insights into human communication — like the expressive clicks of Khoisan languages or the object-subject-verb order of Warao. More crucially, languages. carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifeways. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities. The organized effort to preserve languages is recent. Inspired by biodiversity and indigenous rights movements, linguists and activists now race to document languages, creating dictionaries and recording oral histories. However, linguists cannot “save” languages alone; that power lies with the communities themselves. Revitalization is a challenging act of hope, often feeling like a “wonderful madness” — an attempt to revive a worldview nearly lost. The fight for linguistic diversity is ultimately a fight alongside its speakers, requiring real support from the majority world that seldom notices this silent crisis. 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To list global language statistics. B. To present a current language crisis. C. To argue against language superiority. D. To compare various language structures. 2. What does the term “killer languages” refer to in the text? A. Those no longer spoken by any community. B. Those passing on through words and gestures. C. Those thriving at the expense of other languages. D. Those simplifying complex sound and grammar rules. 3. Why does language loss matter according to paragraph 3? A. It degrades poetry and oral histories. B. It threatens global environmental safety. C. It damages well-being of all communities. D. It hurts the continuity of some knowledge 4. What is essential for language revival according to the last paragraph? A. Adequate external funding B. Sustained community endeavor. C. Unshakable individual optimism. D. Diverse technological advancement. Passage 2 【语言文化】 (2025-2026学年河北省部分地区高三上学期1月英语试题)A long-standing hypothesis in cognitive science holds that the language we speak influences our perception of time and further shapes our future-related decisions. Known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, this idea has sparked decades of debate: some researchers advocate a strong version where language determines thought, while others support a weaker one arguing that language merely exerts an impact on it. Recent studies have shed new light on this issue by focusing on how linguistic differences in future reference affect intertemporal choice. In a 2012 study published in Science, psychologist Keith Chen compared speakers of languages with a distinct grammatical future tense (such as English, which uses “will” or “shall”) and those without (like Mandarin, where the same verb form often applies to present and future events). Chen’s team analyzed data from 76 countries, including savings rates, smoking rates and retirement planning. They found that speakers of “future-less” languages were 30% more likely to save money, 24% less likely to smoke and 29% more inclined to invest in their health than those using languages with a grammatical future tense. Critics have pointed out confounding variables like cultural norms and economic conditions that might explain such differences. To address this concern, follow-up experiments by Chen and his colleagues controlled for these factors. In one lab experiment, participants were primed to view the future as either “distant” or “near”. Speakers of future-less languages showed consistent future-oriented behavior regardless of the priming, whereas those using future-tense languages were significantly affected by it. A 2018 study led by linguist Eve Danziger focused on Amazonian indigenous communities. The Pirahã language lacks words for specific time periods, and Danziger found that Pirahã speakers struggled to plan for events more than a few days ahead, yet excelled at immediate problem-solving, indicating a trade-off between present-focused and future-focused cognitive abilities. These findings do not prove that language is the sole determinant of future-thinking patterns, but rather reveal a complex interaction between language, culture and cognition. 5. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about? A. Language and human thought connection B. Culture and daily behavior relationship C. Time and future planning correlation D. Region and language change link 6. How is Mandarin different from English in Chen’s study? A. Uses complex tenses for time expression B. Has unique words for future descriptions C. Shares verb forms for present and future D. Relies on phrases for present matters 7. Why did Chen’s team do follow-up experiments? A. To collect more country data samples B. To exclude other influencing factors C. To change lab research methods used D. To confirm the strong hypothesis fully 8. What is true about Pirahã speakers? A. Behave like Mandarin language users B. Are good at making long-term plans C. Have words for marking time periods D. Excel at solving instant problems well Passage 3 完形填空 (2025-2026学年广东省深圳市龙华区深圳市致理中学高三上学期10月月考英语试题)I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Shanghai, I assumed that I would be able to 1 English. It didn’t take long for me to realize how naive(天真的) I was. Chinese characters are totally foreign and 2 . I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything, and I decided to 3 for the Chinese class offered by my university. I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour 4 the lesson. In the evening, my friends and I quizzed each other on the 5 we had to master. More importantly, I made a conscious(有意识的) 6 to communicate in Chinese in stores and restaurants. I was 7 when I was able to have a simple conversation with the locals. When I 8 achieved “A”s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a break from studying for Chinese every day and focus on my other classes. Unfortunately, this turned out to be a(n) 9 . Not only were the lessons themselves getting harder, but my study habits were 10 . I had no choice but to start from the beginning in terms of coming up with and 11 new study habits. With finals coming up, I have established my golden rule: there isn’t a(n) 12 way to learn a new language. Once you commit and accept that you are a 13 , it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again. Am I fluent now? Not even 14 . In fact, I may never be. But I learned how to be honest with myself and get through 15 . 1. A. share with B. put up with C. deal with D. keep up with 2. A. inflexible B. incomprehensible C. unmemorable D. unacceptable 3. A. register B. provide C. account D. prepare 4. A. evaluating B. adapting C. presenting D. reviewing 5. A. structures B. articles C. characters D. rules 6. A. effort B. statement C. appointment D. commitment 7. A. relaxed B. delighted C. shocked D. moved 8. A. exceptionally B. obviously C. randomly D. regularly 9. A. challenge B. accident C. mistake D. escape 10. A. worsening B. emerging C. changing D. developing 11. A. kicking B. posing C. breaking D. exploring 12. A. innovative B. useful C. available D. perfect 13. A. follower B. beginner C. supporter D. winner 14. A. close B. ready C. sure D. right 15. A. misadventures B. hesitations C. setbacks D. disasters Passage 4 语法填空 (2025-2026学年浙江省绍兴市柯桥区高三上学期高考科目适应性考试英语试题)Collins Dictionary recently named “vibe coding” its Word of the Year for 2025. This term refers to a new way of software development — using artificial intelligence(AI) to turn natural language 1 computer code. Simply put, you just tell a machine what you want, instead of writing complex code yourself. The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy, a renowned AI expert who once 2 (work) at Tesla and OpenAI. He described it as using AI to create apps without thinking about code. Collins chose it because it demonstrates 3 language evolves with technology. As AI plays an increasingly significant role in daily life, vibe coding is making programming 4 (accessible) to non-experts. Many other interesting terms made the shortlist. “Clanker” is a British slang word for robots or AI, 5 (carry) a somewhat negative meaning. “Broligarchy” means a small group of rich men with significant political influence. “HENRY” stands for “high earner, not rich yet”, describing people who earn well but haven’t accumulated 6 (consider) wealth. 7 (addition), there are also work-related words like “taskmasking” and “micro-retirement”. The former refers to pretending to be productive at work, 8 the latter means taking a break between jobs to pursue personal interests. Terms like “biohacking” and “coolcation” also made 9 list — “biohacking” is improving health by altering body processes, and “coolcation” is a holiday in a cool place. These words not only reflect a 10 (change) world but also show how our language evolves with new trends. Vibe coding, in particular, exemplifies how AI is transforming our interaction with technology. Passage 5 读后续写 (2025-2026学年陕西省咸阳市礼泉县高三上学期11月期中)I had always thought language was just a subject in school until I stepped into college. Growing up in Kolkata, I studied at a government-aided secondary school. Though English was part of the curriculum, it never felt important. I could pass exams with minimal effort, so I never took it seriously. That changed the moment I began my first term of engineering. All the lectures were in English. I sat in class, trying to grasp what the professors were saying, but all my efforts were fruitless. I couldn’t follow the lessons, ask questions, or join in discussions. Outside the classroom, things were no better. My classmates quickly realized I struggled with English. Some laughed at me, while others simply ignored me. Slowly, I backed off. I avoided group outings and kept to myself for fear that I’d embarrass myself if I spoke. At the end of the term, I failed almost every subject. I stared at my school report in silence. My chest felt heavy, but I knew I had two choices— either giving up or fighting back. I chose the latter. I started small. I read English newspapers daily, carried an English dictionary in my backpack, and watched English videos with subtitles(字幕). Bit by bit, I improved. By the second term,I could finally understand lectures. But speaking was still a challenge. No matter how much I tried, I couldn’t express myself fluently. By my final year, I had gained knowledge in my field but still failed in every campus interview — always rejected in the communication round. My parents were disappointed. My brother thought I hadn’t worked hard enough. I was stuck in a sense of helplessness. Then, one day, my cousin visited. He asked what was wrong and listened patiently. “You’ve done your part,” he said. “Now let someone help you. ” He advised me to attend a spoken English class. I was hesitant. What if people found out? What if I failed again? 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Still, I signed up for the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 词汇清单16 语言的学习规律和方法 必识核心词汇 语言学习规律和方法的动词 1. absorb vt. 吸收；使全神贯 2. express v. 表达 3. improve v. 提高 4. master vt. 精通，掌握 5. overcome v. 克服；解决 6. concentrate on集中注意力于…… 7. keep/bear. . . in mind记住…… 8. practice n. & v. 练习 9. pronounce v. 发音 10. review v. 复习 11. retell v. 重讲，复述 12. acquire v. 获得 13. recite v. 背诵 14. look up查阅 15. make progress取得进步 16. set/take/write/note down写下，记下 17. attach importance to重视 18. benefit from从……获益 19. consult v. 咨询；请教 20. memorize v. 记忆 21. skim v. 浏览；略读 22. scan v. & n. 扫描；浏览 23. remark n. & v. 评述；谈论；评论 24. classify v. 分类；归类 25. enlarge vt. 使扩大 26. have a frog in one’s throat 说话困难 27. burn up 烧毁，烧尽 28. burn down 烧毁 29. reflect v. 显示，反映 语言学习规律和方法的名词 1. accent n. 口音；腔 2. communication n. 交流，沟通 3. knowledge n. 知识，学问 4. grammar n. 语法 5. idiom n. 成语 6. dialect n. 地方话；方言 7. point of view 观点；看法 8. speech n. 演说；演讲 9. usage n. 使用；用法 10. vocabulary n. 词汇 11. saying n. 谚语 12. standard n. & adj. 标准(的) 13. dictation n. 听写 14. error n. 错误，谬误 15. resource n. 资料，(教学)资源 16. summary n. 摘要；概要 17. globalization n. 全球化 18. means n. 方式；方法；途径 19. seminar n. 研讨会 20. alphabet n. 字母表；字母 21. forum n. (因特网上的)论坛，讨论区 22. extinction n. 灭绝；消失；消灭；废止 23. course n. 科目；课程 24. semester n. 学期；半年 25. interpreter n. 解释者；口译者；注释器 26. symbol n. 符号；象征 27. means n. 方式；方法；途径 28. classic n. 经典作品；名著 29. regard n. 尊重；关注 30. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特 31. calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术 32. affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系 33. semester n. 学期 34. advance n. 前进；发展 35. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 36. audience n. 观众；听众 37. behaviour n. 行为；举止 38. title n. 题目，标题 39. native language/tongue 母语 40. native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人 41. attitude of mind 心态；看法 　 语言学习规律和方法的形容词副词和其他 1. fluently adv. 流利地 2. informal adj. (书写或言谈)非正式的 3. symbolic adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的 4. explicit adj. 清楚明白的；易于理解的 5. precise adj. 准确的；精确的；确切的 6. capitalized adj. 大写的 7. based adj. 以…为基础的；以……为重要部分的 8. verbal adj. 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的 9. oral adj. 口头的，口述的 10. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大 11. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 12. global adj. 全球的；全世界的 13. wicked adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的 14. opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 15. confusing adj. 令人困惑的 16. capitalized adj. 大写的 17. unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的 18. visible adj. 看得见的，可见的 19. creative adj. 创造(性)的 20. unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 21. aware adj. 意识到的，明白的 22. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 23. odd adj. 奇特的，古怪的 24. negative adj. 消极的，负面 巩固提升 一. 词汇拓展 1. _______vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫…求助于→_______n. 指称关系；参考；涉及；提及；查阅→_______n. (某些体育运动的)裁判员；调解人 2. _______adj. 以(某事)为基础的；→_______vt. 以…为据点；以…为基础 n. 底部；根据→_______adj. 基本的；基础的→_______adv. 基本上, 根本上, 本质上 3. _______n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→_______adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的→_______vt. & vi. 使多样化；改变；变化→_______adj. 多变的；杂色的；各式各样的 4. _______adj. 全球的；全世界的→_______n. 球体；地球仪；地球 5. _______vt. 欣赏；感激；领会 vi. 增值→_______n. 欣赏；感谢；理解；明白 6. _______n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→_______adv. 相同地；同样地→_______n. 平等→_______adj. 不平等的，不相等的 7. _______n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→_______adj. 要求高的；苛求的 8. _______n. 描写(文字)；形容→_______vt. 描述；描写 9. _______vt. 联系；讲述→_______adj. 相关的；有联系的→_______n. 关系；联系→_______adj. 相对的；有关系的；n. 亲戚→_______adj. 无关的，不相干的 10. _______adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→_______adv. 确切地；具体地；特别地→_______v. 确切说明；明确规定；详述 11. _______n. 态度，看法→_______adj. 态度上的 12. _______n. 系统；制度，体制→_______adj. 成体系的；系统的；有条理的→_______adv. 系统地；按照计划地 13. _______n. 符号，象征→_______vt. 象征；作为…的象征→________adj. 象征性的，使用象征的 14. _______adj. 主要的; 大的 n. 主修课程 vi. 主修→_______n. 多数 15. _______n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→_______adj. 典型的；特有的；n. 特征；特性；特色 16. _______vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→_______n. 乞丐 17. _______adj. 自信的→_______n. 自信，信任；把握→________adv. 自信地 18. _______vt. 同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→_______adj. 平衡的，均衡的 19. _______vt. 吸引→_______adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的→_______n. 吸引；具有吸引力的人或事物 20._______vt.& vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→_______n. 赞成；认可；批准→_______n. 不赞成；反对) 【答案】 1. refer; reference; referee 2. based; base; basic; basically 3. variety; various; vary; varied 4. global; globe 5. appreciate; appreciation 6. equal; equally; equality; unequal 7. demand; demanding 8. description; describe 9. relate; related; relation; relative; irrelative 10. specific; specifically; specify 11. attitude; attitudinal 12. system; systematic; systematically 13.symbol; symbolize; symbolic 14.major; majority 15. haracter; characteristic 16.beg; beggar 17. confident; confidence; confidently 18. balance; balanced 19. attract; attractive; attraction 20. approve; approval; disapproval 二. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The learned _______ expressed his novel _______ about this theory. (think) 2. All men are born _______, so everyone hopes to be treated _______ because _______y is the basic demand. (equal) 3. It is an _______ invention so that we are all _______ at it; to our _______, it is a disabled man who made the invention. (amaze) 4. Henry gave her a _______ smile and his _______ made her face challenge bravely. (confident) 5. The Great Wall is a famous _______, whose scenery is very _______, and it _______ millions of tourists at home and abroad. (attract) 6. Although some graduates find it _______ to find a suitable job after graduation, they are still willing to accept all the _______. (challenge) 7. Samuel, an American Jazz _______ succeeded in _______ at his college. The audience were impressed by his amazing _______. (perform) 8. The man waited outside _______. It seemed that he didn't know _______ comes from not being able to adapt himself in his own existence. (anxious) 9. Some trees are _______ in the river and the _______ is very beautiful. (reflect) 10. Jim _______ so well that the teacher praised his good _______ in front of class. (behave) 11. Although he _______ many times, Henry didn't admit he was a _______. (fail) 12. After suffering heavy _______, Paul sat around in his office, _______ in thought. (lose) 13. These new shoes are not very _______ though they are designed for _______. (comfort) 14. As you know, fresh air is _______l to our health and the new park _______ us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit) 15. He had changed so much that you couldn't _______ him. As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond _______. (recognize) 16. Though different from the natural _______, these _______ girls are characterized for their _______ clean faces, fair skin and delicate makeup. (beauty) 17. “In _______, the government provided an _______ five million dollars to expand the service.” the official _______. (add) 18. Before the new law comes into _______, I hope we can take some _______ measures to protect the animals. Then we should work _______ at once. (effect) 19. After seeing the _______ film, the _______ boy was too _______ to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten) 20. Sue, who had a strong _______, expressed her _______ opinion. _______ speaking, I agreed with what she said. (person) 【答案】 1. thoughts; thoughts 2. equal; equally; equalit 3. amazing; amazed; amazement 4. confident; confidence 5. attraction; attractive; attracts 6. challenging; challenges 7. performer; performing; performance 8. anxiously; anxiety 9. reflected; reflection 10. behaved; behaviour 11. failed; failure 12. loss; lost 13. comfortable; comfort 14. beneficial; benefits 15. recognize; recognition 16. beauty; beautiful; beautifully 17. addition; additional; added 18. effect; effective; effectively 19. frightening; frightened; frightened 20. personality; personal; Personally 三. 一词多义 Lecture A. n. 讲座；演讲 B. n. 教训，训斥 C. vt. 指责，训斥 D. vi. 开讲座，讲课 1. What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior. ________ 2. (应用文之演讲稿) I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is designed for Senior Three students. ________ 3. As a senior high school student，I know I must stop smoking—don’t give me a lecture about it. ________ 4. Mr Black lectures in Russian literature in this university. ________ narrow A. v. 缩小 B. adj. 狭隘的 C. adj. 勉强的 D. adj. 范围小的 5. The driver had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the icy road. ________ 6. As far as I'm concerned, the manager has a narrow view of the world. ________ 7. The shop sells only a narrow range of goods. Let's go to another one. ________ 8. Rural earnings have been rising steadily in China, and the wealth gap between rural and urban residents is narrowing. ________ fancy A. 花哨的 B. adj. 昂贵的，豪华的 C. vt. 想要 9. That was the first time that we had eaten out in a fancy restaurant. ________ 10. “What on earth do you fancy doing, anyway？”asked Lucy coldly. ________C 11. The necklace is packaged in a fancy plastic case with attractive graphics. ________ wave A. vt. 挥动 B. n. 波；波状运动 C. n. 汹涌的行动(或思想)D. n. 波浪 12. Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. ________ 13. Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping. ________ 14. The inspector waved his arms to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother. ________ 15. He completes at least two hours of outdoor activities daily and has raised a wave of discussion online. ________ Update A. vt. 向……提供最新信息 B. vt. 更新 C. n. 最新消息 16. The government also updates the numbers of new confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries in detail. ________ 17. It was on a TV channel's news update that Monica heard the news­flash. ________ 18. I called the office to update them on the day's developments. ________ 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. A 四. 选词填空 A. factor    B. limited   C. solution   D. current   E. signal    F. uncertain G. maintained   H. themed   I. represent    J. marched   K. determine 1. The museum’s new exhibition is ________ around the Silk Road, showing ancient trade goods and maps. 2. Despite the heavy storm, the pilot ________ calm and safely landed the plane. 3. Scientists are trying to ________ whether the new drug can stop the virus from spreading. 4. After the ceremony, the students ________ out of the hall in perfect order. 5. The ________ economic situation encourages more young people to start their own businesses. 6. Chest pains can be a warning ________ of heart problems. 7. Because the final exam timetable has not been announced, students are still ________ about when their first test will take place. 8. The tiny blue dot on the map is meant to ________ our village, which is home to 500 people. 9. Recycling is widely seen as an environmentally friendly ________ to plastic pollution. 10. Price is an important ________ that affects most families when choosing a holiday destination. 【答案】 1. H 2. G 3. K 4. J 5. D 6. E 7. F 8. I 9. C 10. A 【解析】 1. 考查形容词。句意：博物馆的新展览以丝绸之路为主题，展示了古代的贸易商品和地图。根据“showing ancient trade goods and maps”可知，展览是以丝绸之路为主题，H项“themed”意为“以……为主题的”，符合句意，为形容词作表语。故选H。 2. 考查动词。句意：尽管有暴风雨，飞行员保持冷静，安全地降落了飞机。根据“calm and safely landed the plane”可知，飞行员保持冷静，空处作谓语，应用动词。maintained意为“保持”，符合句意。根据句中的landed可知，此处应用一般过去时。故选G。 3. 考查动词。句意：科学家们正试图确定这种新药是否能阻止病毒传播。根据“whether the new drug can stop the virus from spreading”可知，科学家们正试图确定这种新药是否能阻止病毒传播，determine意为“确定”，符合句意。try to后接动词原形。故选K。 4. 考查动词。句意：仪式结束后，学生们整齐有序地走出大厅。根据“out of the hall in perfect order”可知，学生们整齐有序地走出大厅，J项“marched”意为“行进”，march out of“走出”符合句意。空处作谓语，根据句中的After the ceremony可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选J。 5. 考查形容词。句意：当前的经济形势鼓励更多的年轻人创业。根据“economic situation encourages more young people to start their own businesses”可知，当前的经济形势鼓励更多的年轻人创业，D项“current”意为“当前的”，符合句意，为形容词作定语。故选D。 6. 考查名词。句意：胸痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号。根据“Chest pains can be a warning”可知，胸痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号，E项“signal”意为“信号”，符合句意，空处被不定冠词a和形容词warning修饰，应用名词单数。故选E。 7. 考查形容词。句意：由于期末考试时间表尚未公布，学生们仍然不确定他们的第一次考试将在何时举行。根据“Because the final exam timetable has not been announced”可知，学生们不确定第一次考试将在何时举行，F项“uncertain”意为“不确定的”，符合句意，为形容词作状语。故选F。 8. 考查动词。句意：地图上的这个小蓝点代表我们的村庄，那里住着500人。根据“The tiny blue dot on the map is meant to”可知，地图上的这个小蓝点代表我们的村庄，I项“represent”意为“代表”，符合句意。故选I。 9. 考查名词。句意：回收被广泛认为是解决塑料污染的环境友好型方案。根据“Recycling is widely seen as an environmentally friendly”可知，回收被认为是环境友好型方案，C项“solution”意为“方案”，符合句意，空处被不定冠词an和形容词environmentally friendly修饰，应用名词单数。故选C。 10. 考查名词。句意：价格是影响大多数家庭选择度假目的地的一个重要因素。根据“Price is an important”可知，价格是影响大多数家庭选择度假目的地的一个重要因素，A项“factor”意为“因素”，符合句意，空处被不定冠词an和形容词important修饰，应用名词单数。故选A。 burn down; be aware of; be made up of; be different from; turn out; ups and downs; date back to; at the beginning; depend on; get used to 11. I didn’t think I could ever ________ living in a big city after living in the country. 12. No one could have foreseen that things would ________ this way. 13. Chinese New Year ________ other country’s New Year. 14. The chances of a full recovery will ________ the severity of her injuries. 15. The writing process ________ four stages, and each stage involves certain activities. 16. Can I go back to what you said ________ of the meeting? 17. At that time none of us ________ the consequences. 18. The caves ________ early Viking times in about 800 A. D. 19. If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might ________ the house. 20. We are bound to see some ________ along the road to recovery. 【答案】 11. get used to 12. turn out 13. is different from 14. depend on 15. is made up of 16. at the beginning 17. was aware of 18. date back to 19. burn down 20. ups and downs 【解析】 11. 考查动词短语。句意：在乡村生活之后，我以为我永远无法习惯生活在大城市。根据“living in a big city after living in the country”可知，从乡村到城市需要适应，get used to意为“习惯于”，符合句意。could后接动词原形。故填get used to。 12. 考查动词短语。句意：没有人能预见到事情会变成这样。根据“No one could have foreseen that things would ____ this way”可知，事情的发展结果是“这样”，turn out意为“结果是，证明是”，符合句意。would后接动词原形。故填turn out。 13. 考查动词短语。句意：中国新年不同于其他国家的。根据“other country’s New Year”可知，此处指比较差异，be different from意为“与……不同”，符合句意。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Chinese New Year是单数，动词用第三人称单数。故填is different from。 14. 考查动词短语。句意：能否完全康复取决于她受伤的严重程度。根据“the severity of her injuries”可知，康复机会与伤情相关，depend on意为“取决于，依靠”，符合句意。will后接动词原形。故填depend on。 15. 考查动词短语。句意：写作过程由四个阶段组成，每个阶段都涉及某些活动。根据“four stages”可知，写作过程包含四个部分，be made up of意为“由……组成”，符合句意。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The writing process是单数，动词用第三人称单数。故填is made up of。 16. 考查介词短语。句意：我能回到你在会议开始时说的话吗？根据“what you said ____ of the meeting”可知，此处指会议开始时的发言，at the beginning of意为“在……初期”，符合句意。故填at the beginning。 17. 考查动词短语。句意：那时我们没有人意识到后果。根据“At that time none of us ____ the consequences”可知，指对后果没有认知，be aware of意为“意识到”，符合句意。描述过去情况，用一般过去时，主语none of us视作单数，be动词用was。故填was aware of。 18. 考查动词短语。句意：这些洞穴可以追溯到大约公元800年的早期维京时代。根据“early Viking times in about 800 A. D. ”可知，洞穴的历史可以追溯到那个时期，date back to意为“追溯到”，符合句意。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The caves是复数，动词用原形。故填date back to。 19. 考查动词短语。句意：如果你离开时忘了关掉它，你可能会把房子烧毁。根据“If you forgot to turn it off when you went away”可知，忘记关掉(可能是炉火等)可能导致火灾，burn down意为“烧毁”，符合句意。might后接动词原形。故填burn down。 20. 考查名词短语。句意：在通往复苏的道路上，我们肯定会经历一些起伏。根据“along the road to recovery”可知，复苏过程不会一帆风顺，ups and downs意为“起伏，盛衰”，符合句意，作see的宾语。故填ups and downs。 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 【语言变化及发展】 (2025-2026学年湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考)Linguistics holds a basic premise(前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth stem not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. Languages are not a dying natural death; they are being forced out of existence. A few dozen killer languages,” like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. The erosion happens everywhere; in settler societies like the US and Canada, half of the indigenous(原住民的) languages are already silent; in homes globally, families abandon mother tongues for dominant languages, losing not just words but gestures and cultural knowledge. Why does this loss matter? Each language holds unique insights into human communication — like the expressive clicks of Khoisan languages or the object-subject-verb order of Warao. More crucially, languages. carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifeways. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities. The organized effort to preserve languages is recent. Inspired by biodiversity and indigenous rights movements, linguists and activists now race to document languages, creating dictionaries and recording oral histories. However, linguists cannot “save” languages alone; that power lies with the communities themselves. Revitalization is a challenging act of hope, often feeling like a “wonderful madness” — an attempt to revive a worldview nearly lost. The fight for linguistic diversity is ultimately a fight alongside its speakers, requiring real support from the majority world that seldom notices this silent crisis. 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To list global language statistics. B. To present a current language crisis. C. To argue against language superiority. D. To compare various language structures. 2. What does the term “killer languages” refer to in the text? A. Those no longer spoken by any community. B. Those passing on through words and gestures. C. Those thriving at the expense of other languages. D. Those simplifying complex sound and grammar rules. 3. Why does language loss matter according to paragraph 3? A. It degrades poetry and oral histories. B. It threatens global environmental safety. C. It damages well-being of all communities. D. It hurts the continuity of some knowledge 4. What is essential for language revival according to the last paragraph? A. Adequate external funding B. Sustained community endeavor. C. Unshakable individual optimism. D. Diverse technological advancement. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了世界语言面临危机，保护语言多样性的重要性及语言复兴的关键在于社区自身的努力。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Linguistics holds a basic premise (前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth stem not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. (语言学的核心理念是所有语言皆平等。全球现存约七千种语言，每一种都代表着一种独特的感知与解读生活的方式，是人类思维的一次自然探索。判断一种语言价值的标准，并非源于其自身结构，而是取决于使用者的影响力与社会地位。然而，这种丰富的语言多样性正在逐步消亡。目前，全球约半数语言的使用者不足一万人，各大洲每种语言的使用者中位数均低于一千人，这些数据都表明语言正处于极度濒危的状态。)”可知，第一段的功能是展示当前的语言危机。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A few dozen killer languages,” like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. (像英语和西班牙语这样的“killer languages”，通过政治、经济和文化征服不断扩张，而几个世纪以来的帝国主义、资本主义和国家构建，则排挤了其他语言。)”可知，英语和西班牙语等语言通过政治、经济和文化征服而扩张，其他语言则被排挤，由此可知，killer languages指的是那些以牺牲其他语言为代价而蓬勃发展的语言。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“More crucially, languages carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifeways. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities. (更重要的是，语言承载着诗歌、口述历史、环境智慧和生活方式。研究证实，母语教育和语言维护对身心健康至关重要，尤其是对边缘化社区。)”可知，语言承载着诗歌、口述历史、环境智慧和生活方式，语言消失会损害一些知识的延续。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, linguists cannot “save” languages alone; that power lies with the communities themselves. Revitalization is a challenging act of hope, often feeling like a “wonderful madness” — an attempt to revive a worldview nearly lost. The fight for linguistic diversity is ultimately a fight alongside its speakers, requiring real support from the majority world that seldom notices this silent crisis. (但语言学家无法独自“拯救”语言，这种力量掌握在语言所属的社群手中。语言复兴是一场充满挑战却饱含希望的行动，常常被视为一种“美妙的痴狂”—— 试图唤醒一种几近消逝的世界观。守护语言多样性的斗争，归根结底是与语言使用者并肩作战的过程，这需要主流社会提供切实支持，而主流社会却往往忽视了这场无声的危机。)”可知，语言复兴的关键在于社群自身的持续努力。故选B。 Passage 2 【语言文化】 (2025-2026学年河北省部分地区高三上学期1月英语试题)A long-standing hypothesis in cognitive science holds that the language we speak influences our perception of time and further shapes our future-related decisions. Known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, this idea has sparked decades of debate: some researchers advocate a strong version where language determines thought, while others support a weaker one arguing that language merely exerts an impact on it. Recent studies have shed new light on this issue by focusing on how linguistic differences in future reference affect intertemporal choice. In a 2012 study published in Science, psychologist Keith Chen compared speakers of languages with a distinct grammatical future tense (such as English, which uses “will” or “shall”) and those without (like Mandarin, where the same verb form often applies to present and future events). Chen’s team analyzed data from 76 countries, including savings rates, smoking rates and retirement planning. They found that speakers of “future-less” languages were 30% more likely to save money, 24% less likely to smoke and 29% more inclined to invest in their health than those using languages with a grammatical future tense. Critics have pointed out confounding variables like cultural norms and economic conditions that might explain such differences. To address this concern, follow-up experiments by Chen and his colleagues controlled for these factors. In one lab experiment, participants were primed to view the future as either “distant” or “near”. Speakers of future-less languages showed consistent future-oriented behavior regardless of the priming, whereas those using future-tense languages were significantly affected by it. A 2018 study led by linguist Eve Danziger focused on Amazonian indigenous communities. The Pirahã language lacks words for specific time periods, and Danziger found that Pirahã speakers struggled to plan for events more than a few days ahead, yet excelled at immediate problem-solving, indicating a trade-off between present-focused and future-focused cognitive abilities. These findings do not prove that language is the sole determinant of future-thinking patterns, but rather reveal a complex interaction between language, culture and cognition. 5. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about? A. Language and human thought connection B. Culture and daily behavior relationship C. Time and future planning correlation D. Region and language change link 6. How is Mandarin different from English in Chen’s study? A. Uses complex tenses for time expression B. Has unique words for future descriptions C. Shares verb forms for present and future D. Relies on phrases for present matters 7. Why did Chen’s team do follow-up experiments? A. To collect more country data samples B. To exclude other influencing factors C. To change lab research methods used D. To confirm the strong hypothesis fully 8. What is true about Pirahã speakers? A. Behave like Mandarin language users B. Are good at making long-term plans C. Have words for marking time periods D. Excel at solving instant problems well 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了认知科学中一个长期存在的假设——Sapir-Whorf假设，介绍了该假设的内容，并通过相关研究说明语言与未来认知、决策之间的复杂关系。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A long-standing hypothesis in cognitive science holds that the language we speak influences our perception of time and further shapes our future-related decisions. Known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, this idea has sparked decades of debate: some researchers advocate a strong version where language determines thought, while others support a weaker one arguing that language merely exerts an impact on it. (认知科学中一个长期存在的假设认为，我们所说的语言会影响我们对时间的感知，并进一步塑造我们与未来相关的决策。这一观点被称为Sapir-Whorf假设，它引发了数十年的争论：一些研究人员支持强版本，即语言决定思维；而另一些研究人员则支持弱版本，认为语言只是对其产生影响。)”可知，Sapir-Whorf假设是关于语言和人类思维联系的。故选A项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In a 2012 study published in Science, psychologist Keith Chen compared speakers of languages with a distinct grammatical future tense (such as English, which uses “will” or “shall”) and those without (like Mandarin, where the same verb form often applies to present and future events). (在2012年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，心理学家Keith Chen比较了有明确语法将来时态的语言使用者(如英语，使用“will”或“shall”)和没有明确语法将来时态的语言使用者(如汉语，同样的动词形式通常适用于现在和未来事件。)”可知，在Chen的研究中，汉语和英语的不同在于汉语现在和未来使用相同的动词形式。故选C项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Critics have pointed out confounding variables like cultural norms and economic conditions that might explain such differences. To address this concern, follow-up experiments by Chen and his colleagues controlled for these factors. (批评者指出，文化规范和经济状况等混杂变量可能解释了这种差异。为了解决这个问题，Chen和他的同事进行的后续实验控制了这些因素。)”可知，Chen的团队做后续实验是为了排除其他影响因素。故选B项。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Pirahã language lacks words for specific time periods, and Danziger found that Pirahã speakers struggled to plan for events more than a few days ahead, yet excelled at immediate problem-solving, indicating a trade-off between present-focused and future-focused cognitive abilities. (Pirahã语缺乏表示特定时间段的词汇，Danziger发现，Pirahã语使用者很难为几天后的事件做计划，但他们擅长立即解决问题，这表明以现在为中心和以未来为中心的认知能力之间存在权衡)”可知，Pirahã语使用者擅长很好地解决即时问题。故选D项。 Passage 3 完形填空 (2025-2026学年广东省深圳市龙华区深圳市致理中学高三上学期10月月考英语试题)I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Shanghai, I assumed that I would be able to 1 English. It didn’t take long for me to realize how naive(天真的) I was. Chinese characters are totally foreign and 2 . I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything, and I decided to 3 for the Chinese class offered by my university. I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour 4 the lesson. In the evening, my friends and I quizzed each other on the 5 we had to master. More importantly, I made a conscious(有意识的) 6 to communicate in Chinese in stores and restaurants. I was 7 when I was able to have a simple conversation with the locals. When I 8 achieved “A”s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a break from studying for Chinese every day and focus on my other classes. Unfortunately, this turned out to be a(n) 9 . Not only were the lessons themselves getting harder, but my study habits were 10 . I had no choice but to start from the beginning in terms of coming up with and 11 new study habits. With finals coming up, I have established my golden rule: there isn’t a(n) 12 way to learn a new language. Once you commit and accept that you are a 13 , it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again. Am I fluent now? Not even 14 . In fact, I may never be. But I learned how to be honest with myself and get through 15 . 1. A. share with B. put up with C. deal with D. keep up with 2. A. inflexible B. incomprehensible C. unmemorable D. unacceptable 3. A. register B. provide C. account D. prepare 4. A. evaluating B. adapting C. presenting D. reviewing 5. A. structures B. articles C. characters D. rules 6. A. effort B. statement C. appointment D. commitment 7. A. relaxed B. delighted C. shocked D. moved 8. A. exceptionally B. obviously C. randomly D. regularly 9. A. challenge B. accident C. mistake D. escape 10. A. worsening B. emerging C. changing D. developing 11. A. kicking B. posing C. breaking D. exploring 12. A. innovative B. useful C. available D. perfect 13. A. follower B. beginner C. supporter D. winner 14. A. close B. ready C. sure D. right 15. A. misadventures B. hesitations C. setbacks D. disasters 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，包括遇到的困难、采取的学习策略、最终的学习感悟等。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使当我发现我要去上海时，我也以为我能用英语应对。A. share with分享；B. put up with忍受；C. deal with处理，应对；D. keep up with跟上。根据下文“I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything”可知，作者原本以为自己可以用英语交流来应对不会说汉语这件事。故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汉字完全陌生且难以理解。A. inflexible不可弯曲的；B. incomprehensible难以理解的；C. unmemorable不值得记住的；D. unacceptable不可接受的。根据上文“Chinese characters are totally foreign”和下文“I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything”可知，汉字不仅陌生还“难以理解”，符合作者初遇汉字的感受。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就对什么都听不懂感到厌烦，于是决定报名参加大学提供的中文课。A. register登记，注册；B. provide提供；C. account解释；D. prepare准备。根据下文“for the Chinese class offered by my university”可知，作者想“报名”上课，register for是固定搭配，意为“报名参加”。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每个工作日都上中文课，之后至少花一个小时复习功课。A. evaluating评估；B. adapting适应；C. presenting呈现；D. reviewing复习。根据上文“I had Chinese every weekday, after which”和下文“In the evening, my friends and I quizzed each other”可知，课后通常会“复习”课程内容，“reviewing the lesson”符合学习逻辑。故选D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上，我和朋友们互相测验我们必须掌握的汉字。A. structures结构；B. articles文章；C. characters汉字；D. rules规则。根据上文“Chinese characters are totally foreign”和下文“we had to master”可知，作者和朋友们互相测验汉字。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我有意识地努力在商店和餐馆用中文交流。A. effort努力；B. statement声明；C. appointment约会；D. commitment承诺。根据下文“to communicate in Chinese in stores and restaurants”可知，此处表示作者主动“努力”用中文沟通，“make an effort to do sth. ”是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，符合“主动学习”的语境。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我能和当地人进行简单的对话时，我很高兴。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. shocked震惊的；D. moved感动的。根据下文“when I was able to have a simple conversation with the locals”可知，从“什么都听不懂”到“能简单对话”是学习进步，作者应感到“高兴”。故选B。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在中文考试中经常获得“A”时，我认为是时候暂停每天学习中文，专注于其他课程了。A. exceptionally异常地；B. obviously显然地；C. randomly随机地；D. regularly经常地。根据下文“achieved “A”s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a break from studying for Chinese every day and focus on my other classes”可知，能“暂停学中文”说明中文成绩稳定，作者经常获得A。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这原来是一个错误。A. challenge挑战；B. accident事故；C. mistake错误；D. escape逃跑。根据本句中“Unfortunately” 及下文“Not only were the lessons themselves getting harder, but my study habits were 　10　. ”提及“课程变难、学习习惯变差”可知，“暂停学中文”的决定是“错误”的。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅课程本身变得更难，我的学习习惯也在变差。A. worsening变差，恶化；B. emerging出现；C. changing改变；D. developing发展。“Unfortunately”和“not only. . . but also. . . ”表递进，课程变难的同时，学习习惯应向负面方向发展，“worsening”符合 “负面递进”的逻辑。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能从零开始，制定并探索新的学习习惯。A. kicking踢；B. posing摆姿势；C. breaking打破；D. exploring探索。根据上文“coming up with and”和下文“new study habits”可知，“come up with(制定)”与“exploring(探索)”形成顺承，先制定新习惯，再“探索”是否适用，符合“从头开始调整学习习惯”的逻辑。故选D。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着期末考试的临近，我确立了自己的黄金法则：学习一门新语言没有完美的方法。A. innovative创新的；B. useful有用的；C. available可获得的；D. perfect完美的。根据下文“Once you commit and accept that you are a 13 , it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again. ”可知，语言学习需不断调整，没有“完美”的方法。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你承诺并接受自己是一个初学者，它就会成为一个持续的探索、失败、重新评估和再次尝试的过程。A. follower追随者；B. beginner初学者；C. supporter支持者；D. winner赢家。根据上文“Once you commit and accept that you are a”和下文“it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again”可知，“accept(接受)”的应是学习初期的身份，“beginner(初学者)” 符合“从零开始学习”的定位，与后文“不断探索、失败”的过程呼应。故选B。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我现在流利了吗？还远不流利。A. close接近的；B. ready准备好的；C. sure确定的；D. right正确的。根据下文“In fact, I may never be”可知，作者认为现在还不流利，Not even close是固定表达，意为“还差得远；一点也不”。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我学会了如何对自己诚实，并克服挫折。A. misadventures不幸遭遇；B. hesitations犹豫；C. setbacks挫折；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“But I learned how to be honest with myself and get through”并结合前文提及“考试想暂停却导致学习下滑”等不顺，这些属于“挫折”，get through setbacks意为“度过挫折”，符合作者从失败中成长的语境。故选C。 Passage 4 语法填空 (2025-2026学年浙江省绍兴市柯桥区高三上学期高考科目适应性考试英语试题)Collins Dictionary recently named “vibe coding” its Word of the Year for 2025. This term refers to a new way of software development — using artificial intelligence(AI) to turn natural language 1 computer code. Simply put, you just tell a machine what you want, instead of writing complex code yourself. The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy, a renowned AI expert who once 2 (work) at Tesla and OpenAI. He described it as using AI to create apps without thinking about code. Collins chose it because it demonstrates 3 language evolves with technology. As AI plays an increasingly significant role in daily life, vibe coding is making programming 4 (accessible) to non-experts. Many other interesting terms made the shortlist. “Clanker” is a British slang word for robots or AI, 5 (carry) a somewhat negative meaning. “Broligarchy” means a small group of rich men with significant political influence. “HENRY” stands for “high earner, not rich yet”, describing people who earn well but haven’t accumulated 6 (consider) wealth. 7 (addition), there are also work-related words like “taskmasking” and “micro-retirement”. The former refers to pretending to be productive at work, 8 the latter means taking a break between jobs to pursue personal interests. Terms like “biohacking” and “coolcation” also made 9 list — “biohacking” is improving health by altering body processes, and “coolcation” is a holiday in a cool place. These words not only reflect a 10 (change) world but also show how our language evolves with new trends. Vibe coding, in particular, exemplifies how AI is transforming our interaction with technology. 【答案】 1. into 2. worked 3. how 4. more accessible 5. carrying 6. considerable 7. Additionally 8. while 9. the 10. changing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了《柯林斯词典》2025年度词汇“氛围编程”的含义与由来，同时列举了年度词汇候选名单中的其他趣味词条，指出这些词汇既反映了世界的变化，也体现了语言随新趋势发展的特点。 1. 考查介词。句意：该术语指一种新的软件开发方式——利用人工智能将自然语言转化为计算机代码。固定搭配turn. . . into. . . 意为“把……转化为……”，故填into。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：这个术语是由著名人工智能专家安德烈·卡帕西创造的，他曾任职于特斯拉和开放人工智能公司。根据时间状语once(曾经)可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，work的过去式为worked，故填worked。 3. 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：他将其描述为借助人工智能开发应用程序，而无需考虑代码的编写方式。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，意为“如何、怎样”，故填how。 4. 考查形容词比较级。句意：随着人工智能在日常生活中扮演的角色愈发重要，“氛围编程”正让编程对非专业人士而言变得更容易上手。结合语境可知，此处暗含与过去情况的对比，需用形容词比较级，accessible的比较级为more accessible，故填more accessible。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“Clanker”是英式俚语，指机器人或人工智能，带有些许负面含义。句子已有谓语动词is，此处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，carry与逻辑主语Clanker是主动关系，故填carrying。 6. 考查形容词。句意：“HENRY”是“高收入但尚未富裕”的缩写，指那些收入不错但还没积累起可观财富的人群。此处修饰名词wealth，需用形容词形式，consider的形容词为considerable，故填considerable。 7. 考查副词。句意：此外，还有一些与工作相关的词汇，如“摸鱼式工作”和“微退休”。此处作状语，修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，addition的副词为Additionally，且句首单词首字母需大写，故填Additionally。 8. 考查连词。句意：前者指在工作中假装忙碌，后者则指在两份工作之间休假，追求个人兴趣。此处对比taskmasking和micro-retirement两个词的含义，while可用于表示两者对比，故填while。 9. 考查冠词。句意：“生物黑客”和“清凉度假”这类词汇也登上了候选名单。此处特指前文提到的年度词汇候选名单，需用定冠词the修饰，故填the。 10. 考查形容词。句意：这些词汇不仅反映了一个正在变化的世界，也展现了语言如何随着新趋势演变。此处修饰名词world，需用形容词形式，change的形容词为changing，故填changing。 Passage 5 读后续写 (2025-2026学年陕西省咸阳市礼泉县高三上学期11月期中)I had always thought language was just a subject in school until I stepped into college. Growing up in Kolkata, I studied at a government-aided secondary school. Though English was part of the curriculum, it never felt important. I could pass exams with minimal effort, so I never took it seriously. That changed the moment I began my first term of engineering. All the lectures were in English. I sat in class, trying to grasp what the professors were saying, but all my efforts were fruitless. I couldn’t follow the lessons, ask questions, or join in discussions. Outside the classroom, things were no better. My classmates quickly realized I struggled with English. Some laughed at me, while others simply ignored me. Slowly, I backed off. I avoided group outings and kept to myself for fear that I’d embarrass myself if I spoke. At the end of the term, I failed almost every subject. I stared at my school report in silence. My chest felt heavy, but I knew I had two choices— either giving up or fighting back. I chose the latter. I started small. I read English newspapers daily, carried an English dictionary in my backpack, and watched English videos with subtitles(字幕). Bit by bit, I improved. By the second term,I could finally understand lectures. But speaking was still a challenge. No matter how much I tried, I couldn’t express myself fluently. By my final year, I had gained knowledge in my field but still failed in every campus interview — always rejected in the communication round. My parents were disappointed. My brother thought I hadn’t worked hard enough. I was stuck in a sense of helplessness. Then, one day, my cousin visited. He asked what was wrong and listened patiently. “You’ve done your part,” he said. “Now let someone help you. ” He advised me to attend a spoken English class. I was hesitant. What if people found out? What if I failed again? 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Still, I signed up for the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Still, I signed up for the class. The classroom was filled with people who were eager to improve their spoken English, just like me. The teacher was very kind and patient. She taught us how to pronounce words correctly and how to use common expressions in daily conversations. I found that I enjoyed the class, where I could practice speaking without worrying about being laughed at. I knew that this was my chance to turn things around, and I was determined to make the most of it. A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. The interview was in English, which used to be my biggest fear. However, now I felt more confident. The employer seemed impressed by my performance. When he told me that I had passed the interview, I couldn’t believe my ears. All the hard work and effort had finally paid off. I realized that with determination and the right help, I could overcome any challenge that came my way. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者起初不重视英语，进入大学后因英语不佳而学业受挫、遭同学嘲笑。虽努力自学有进步，但口语仍是难题，求职屡败。后在表弟建议下，作者犹豫是否参加英语口语班。 【详解】 1. 段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“尽管如此，我还是报名参加了这门课。”可知，第一段可描写作者报名参加英语口语班后的课堂场景，以及作者积极运用所学的努力，体现作者想要改变的决心。 ②由第二段句首内容“一个月后，我站在一位雇主面前，紧张但做好了准备。”可知，第二段可描写作者凭借课堂所学参加英语面试的过程，以及最终通过面试的结果，进而领悟到决心与正确帮助能克服挑战的道理。 2. 续写线索：报名参加英语口语班——课堂努力——课后复习巩固所学内容——一个月后参加英语面试——通过面试——领悟努力与正确帮助可战胜挑战的真谛 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①教：teach/instruct ②练习：practice/drill/rehearse ③复习：review/go over/revise 情绪类 ①渴望的：eager/anxious/keen ②自信的：confident/self-assured 【点睛】 【高分句型1】The classroom was filled with people who were eager to improve their spoken English, just like me. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I found that I enjoyed the class, where I could practice speaking without worrying about being laughed at. (运用了that引导的宾语从句、where引导的定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $