内容正文:
仁爱英语七下Unit8语法
数词(基数词/序数词)& 祈使句
一、数词(基数词+序数词)
核心知识点表格详解
(一)基数词:表数量
类别
规则
示例
1-19
不规则,需熟记
1.one 2.two 3.three 4.four 5.five 6.six 7.seven 8.eight 9.nine 10.ten 11.eleven 12.twelve 13.thirteen 14.fourteen 15.fifteen 16.sixteen 17.seventeen 18.eighteen 19.nineteen
20-90整十数
词尾多为-ty,注意拼写:forty(无u)、eighty(一个t)
20.twenty 30.thirty 40.forty 50.fifty 60.sixty 70.seventy 80.eighty 90.ninety
21-99“几十几”
整十数 + 连字符 (-)+ 个位数
25.twenty-five 89.eighty-nine 21.twenty-one 36.thirty-six 78.seventy-eight 91.ninety-one
100-999
基数词 + hundred + and + 后两位(and不可省)
135 → one hundred and thirty-five 108→one hundred and eight 450→four hundred and fifty 906→nine hundred and six
千及以上
每3位为一个单位:thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿);前有具体数字时不加s
5,000 → five thousand;20,000 → twenty thousand;3,500,000 → three million five hundred thousand;89,000→eighty-nine thousand;1,200,000→one million two hundred thousand
模糊数量
hundred/thousand/million/billion + of + 名词复数(加s)
hundreds of(成百上千)、thousands of(成千上万)、millions of(数百万的)
(二)序数词:表顺序(含1-12记忆口诀+逐词解析)
类别
规则
(含口诀)
示例(含细节解析)
1-12(核心必背)
记忆口诀:
1、2、3特殊记,first、second、third;
8去t,9去e,eighth、ninth记仔细;
5和12变ve为f,fifth、twelfth要牢记;
其余直接加th,规则变化不用疑。
1. one→first(1st)(特殊变形,单独记)
2. two→second(2nd)(特殊变形,单独记)
3. three→third(3rd)(特殊变形,单独记)
4. four→fourth(4th)(直接加th,无变形)
5. five→fifth(5th)(ve变f,加th) 6.six→sixth(6th)(直接加th,无变形)
6. seven→seventh(7th)(直接加th,无变形)
8.eight→eighth(8th)(去t,加h) 9.nine→ninth(9th)(去e,加th) 10.ten→tenth(10th)(直接加th,无变形)
11.eleven→eleventh(11th)(直接加th,无变形) 12.twelve→twelfth(12th)(ve变f,加th)
13-19
基数词词尾去“teen”加“teenth”,直接变形
13.thirteen→thirteenth(13th)、14.fourteen→fourteenth(14th)、15.fifteen→fifteenth(15th)、16.sixteen→sixteenth(16th)、17.seventeen→seventeenth(17th)、18.eighteen→eighteenth(18th)、19.nineteen→nineteenth(19th)
整十数变形
词尾y变i,加eth
20.twenty→twentieth(20th)、40.forty→fortieth(40th)、30.thirty→thirtieth(30th)、50.fifty→fiftieth(50th)、90.ninety→ninetieth(90th)
几十几变形
仅个位数变序数词,十位数不变
21→twenty-first(21st)、39→thirty-ninth(39th)、22→twenty-second(22nd)、47→forty-seventh(47th)、59→fifty-ninth(59th)
其余基数词
直接加th
(已包含在1-12、13-19类别中,无需重复)
(三)1-12序数词易错点强化
序数词
易错点提醒
记忆小技巧
fifth(5th)
易误写为fiveth
记住“ve变f”,five去掉ve加f,再加th
eighth(8th)
易多写一个t(误写为eightth)
口诀“8去t”,eight去掉末尾t,直接加h
ninth(9th)
易多写一个e(误写为ninetth)
口诀“9去e”,nine去掉末尾e,再加th
twelfth(12th)
易误写为twelveth
口诀“12变ve为f”,twelve去掉ve加f,再加th
third(3rd)
易误写为threed
单独记忆,3的序数词是特殊变形,无规律
二、祈使句
核心知识点表格详解
句式类型
结构
示例
用法场景
肯定式
动词原形 + 其他 Please + 动词原形 + 其他
Open the door. Stand up. Please stand up. Clean the desk, please.
命令、请求、建议
否定式(基础)
Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
Don’t open the window. Don’t talk in class. Don’t play football on the road.
禁止、劝告
否定式(禁止类)
No + 名词/动名词
No smoking. No littering. No parking. No food.
标识、警示
否定式(强调)
Never + 动词原形 + 其他
Never waste water. Never be late for school. Never tell lies.
强调禁止
特殊式(Let型)
Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他 Let’s not + 动词原形 + 其他
Let’s go to the park. Let’s read English. Let’s not watch TV. Let’s not play computer games.
提出建议(包含说话者)
三、练习题
数词部分
基础题(8题)
写出基数词英文表达:
36 __________________________________________
78 __________________________________________
120 __________________________________________
450 __________________________________________
6,000 __________________________________________
89,000 __________________________________________
1,200,000 __________________________________________
3,500,000,000 __________________________________________
写出序数词(含缩写):
4 __________________________________________
7 __________________________________________
11 __________________________________________
19 __________________________________________
22 __________________________________________
30 __________________________________________
47 __________________________________________
59 __________________________________________
提升题(6题)
用所给数词的适当形式填空:
(1) There are _____________________________ (hundred) of trees in the forest.
(2) Today is my sister’s _______________________________ (twelve) birthday.
(3) The __________________________________ (five) month of a year is May.
(4) We live on the _____________________________________ (four) floor.
(5) Lesson Ten is the __________________________________ (ten) lesson.
(6) About _________________________________ (two thousand) people visit the museum every day.
拓展题(4题)
选择填空:
(1) —How many students are there? —About ________.
A. six hundred B. six hundreds C. six hundred of D. hundreds
(2) December is the _______ month of a year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. ten D. tenth
(3) —When is your birthday? —It’s on _______.
A. March 8 B. March the 8 C. March eighth D. March the eighth
(4) The population of the city is about _______.
A. 1.2 million B. 1.2 millions C. 1.2 million of D. 1.2 millions of
祈使句部分
基础题(7题)
改为肯定祈使句:
(1) You can clean the blackboard. → _____________________________________________________________________
(2) We should water the flowers. → _____________________________________________________________________
改为否定祈使句:
(1) You can eat in the library. → _____________________________________________________________________
(2) You should play with fire. → _____________________________________________________________________
用Let’s改写:
(1) We can go shopping. → _______________________________________________________________________________________
(2) We should practice English. → _____________________________________________________________________
写出警示语祈使句:
(1) 禁止停车 → _____________________________________________________________________
提升题(6题)
用所给动词的适当形式填空:
(1) _______________ (close) the window, it’s cold.
(2) __________________ (not be) late for school.
(3) Let’s __________________ (have) a picnic this weekend.
(4) Never _________________ (tell) lies.
(5) Please _________________ (wait) for me at the gate.
(6) ____________________________ (not draw) on the desk.
拓展题(4题)
选择填空:
(1) _______ quiet in the cinema.
A. Be B. Is C. Are D. Am
(2) —Let’s play volleyball. —__________.
A. Thank you B. You’re welcome C. Good idea D. That’s right
(3) ________ the grass. It’s not allowed.
A. No step B. Don’t step C. Don’t stepping D. Not step
(4) ________ turn off the light when you leave.
A. Do B. Does C. Please D. Not
根据汉语提示完成祈使句:
(1) 请保持安静。
________________________________________________ , please.
(2) 不要在河里钓鱼。
______________________________________________ in the river.
(3) 我们一起打扫教室吧。
_________________________________________________ the classroom together.
(4) 绝不浪费食物。
___________________________________________________________ food.
四、参考答案与详细解析
数词部分
基础题
(1) thirty-six (2) seventy-eight (3) one hundred and twenty (4) four hundred and fifty
(5) six thousand (6) eighty-nine thousand (7) one million two hundred thousand (8) three billion five hundred million
解析:几十几用连字符;百位后加and接后两位;千/百万/十亿前加具体数字不加s。
(1) fourth (4th) (2) seventh (7th) (3) eleventh (11th) (4) nineteenth (19th)
(5) twenty-second (22nd) (6) thirtieth (30th) (7) forty-seventh (47th) (8) fifty-ninth (59th)
解析:1-12序数词牢记口诀“1、2、3特殊记,8去t,9去e,ve变f”;13-19序数词去“teen”加“teenth”;整十数变y为i加eth;几十几只变个位数。
提升题
(1) hundreds 解析:hundreds of表“成百上千”,前无具体数字。
(2) twelfth 解析:“第十二个生日”用序数词,twelve按口诀“ve变f”变形为twelfth。
(3) fifth 解析:五月是一年的第五个月份,five按口诀“ve变f”变形为fifth。
(4) fourth 解析:“四楼”用the+序数词+floor,four直接加th变形为fourth。
(5) tenth 解析:Lesson Ten = the tenth lesson,编号的两种表达,ten直接加th。
(6) two thousand 解析:thousand前有具体数字时不加s。
拓展题
(1) A 解析:hundred前有具体数字时不加s,排除B;hundred of无此用法,排除C;hundreds后需加of,排除D。
(2) B 解析:十二月是一年的第十二个月份,twelve变形为twelfth,选B。
(3) D 解析:日期表达为“月份+the+序数词”,8的序数词是eighth(去t加h),完整表达为March the eighth,选D。
(4) A 解析:million前有具体数字时不加s,排除B;million of无此用法,排除C、D。
祈使句部分
基础题
(1) Clean the blackboard. (2) Water the flowers.
解析:肯定祈使句直接用动词原形开头。
(1) Don’t eat in the library. (2) Don’t play with fire.
解析:否定祈使句用Don’t+动词原形。
(1) Let’s go shopping. (2) Let’s practice English.
解析:Let’s+动词原形表建议。
(1) No parking. / Don’t park here.
解析:禁止类祈使句用No+名词/动名词或Don’t+动词原形。
提升题
(1) Close (2) Don’t be (3) have (4) tell (5) wait (6) Don’t draw
解析:肯定祈使句用动词原形;否定祈使句用Don’t+动词原形;Let’s后接动词原形;Never后接动词原形。
拓展题
(1) A 解析:quiet为形容词,祈使句用Be+形容词。
(2) C 解析:Let’s表建议,回答用Good idea表示同意。
(3) B 解析:否定祈使句用Don’t+动词原形,No后接动名词,排除A。
(4) C 解析:please+动词原形表委婉请求,符合语境。
(1) Keep quiet (2) Don’t fish (3) Let’s clean (4) Never waste
解析:“保持安静”用keep quiet;“钓鱼”用fish;“打扫教室”用clean the classroom;“绝不浪费”用Never waste。
(
1
)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$