题型综训04：题型之GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（IV）（综合训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型综训04：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Early Years, finds, for three to nine-year-olds, the format of number-based board games helps to improve counting, addition, and the ability to recognize   1 a number is higher or lower than another. The researchers say children benefit from programs   2 they play board games a few times a week supervised by a teacher or another trained adult. “Board games enhance mathematical abilities for young children, and they can easily be adapted to include learning objectives related to mathematical skills or other domains,” says lead author Dr. Jaime Balladares, one of the   3 (well-known) child psychologists from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, in Santiago, Chile. The researchers set out to investigate the scale of the effects   4 physical board games in promoting learning in young children. They based their findings on a review of 19 studies published from 2000 onwards 5 (involve) children aged from three to nine years. All except one study focused on the relationship between board games and mathematical skills. All children participating in the studies received special board game sessions which took place on average twice a week for 20 minutes during 6 18-month period. Teachers, therapists, or parents were among the adults 7 led these sessions. In some of the 19 studies, children were grouped into either the number board game or to a board game that did not focus on numeracy skills. In 8 , all children participated in number board games but were allocated different types e.g. Dominoes. All children were assessed on their math performance before and after the intervention sessions which were designed 9 (encourage) skills such as counting out loud. The results showed that math skills improved significantly 10 these children took part in the intervention sessions. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．impacting    B．outdated    C． purchasing    D．widespread    E. admitted     F. hard G. present    H. digitalisation    I. extinction    J. backup    K. preserve     Digital memories might not last forever Having thousands of photos, songs and films available at our fingertips would have seemed amazing just a few decades ago, but how long will these files last for and be available? Could the 11 of cultural artefacts (手工艺品) now be putting a time limit on our memories? The materials that phones and computers are made of can degrade over time, 12 the data that they store. Images can still be seen in faded photographs, but when digital data become unreadable, it can quickly make it impossible to even open a file. Also, as format (格式) and devices become 13 , it may become impossible to read files from previous decades. Storing information in the cloud can also 14 problems. Large companies can still lose data. In 2019, social media platform MySpace 15 losing more than 12 years’ worth of users’ music uploads. The 16 use of streaming services for music, TV and film means that people no longer own the content that they watch and listen to, they just pay for the right to access it. If streaming companies decide to remove content, or go out of business, users will lose access. Licencing (许可) rather than 17 content is an example of how our behaviour towards digital content has changed. Another example is that we take far more pictures than people did in the past. This means that, added to the challenge of keeping our data safe, people have to consider what to 18 and what can be removed. So, what can we do? Technology writer Jack Schofield said that “data doesn’t really exist unless you have at least two copies of it”, so it’s important that we keep 19 copies of what is important to us — probably more than one. Science and Technology writer Chris Baranaiuk calls for a cultural movement towards buying 20 copies of cultural content. Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether. C The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 21 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 22 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 23 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 24 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 25 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 26 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 27 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 28 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 29 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 30 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 31 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 32 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 33 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 34 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 35 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 21．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 22．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 23．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 24．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 25．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 26．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 27．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 28．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 29．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 30．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 31．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 32．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 33．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 34．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 35．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic 第二套 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Here’s a secret: There’s no such thing as neurodiversity. And yet there is. Confused? Let me explain. I 1 (call) “oversensitive” for years my whole life. People say I’m a “perfectionist” who overthinks everything. But here’s the thing — everyone is different from everyone else. We all have unique genes, experiences, and ways of understanding the world. In the truest sense, we’re all neurodivergent (大脑功能异于常人的). So why are some people regarded as “different” while 2 get to be “normal”? I’m a columnist, and my job exists because of 3 my brain works. My overthinking makes me look deeply into daily experiences other people might ignore, which helps me find the truths 4 (bury) inside ordinary moments. My sensitivity allows me to see situations from many angles, while my perfectionism turns messy drafts into something people want to read, 5 has actually become my strengths though society calls them “problems”. My friend Bohan Zhang, a counseling psychologist, explains it clearly: “Everyone has their own lived experience.” The problem comes when we decide what counts as ‘normal’ thinking. This matters especially now when attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD，注意力缺陷多动障碍) is popular on social media. In his work, Bohan often sees that people get the wrong idea from social media about ADHD．He reminds us that ADHD doesn’t explain all problems with time or motivation, and having ADHD isn’t 6 excuse to avoid responsibility. Any condition — or talent, or difference — 7 (mean) you must take ownership of it. You are always bigger than any label. Throughout history, people have constantly changed the definition of “normal”. 8 (not fit) this narrow standard, those labeled as different were actually many gifted individuals like Michael Phelps, Van Gogh, and Temple Grandin, who, with transformative ideas and creations, achieved remarkable success in their fields 9 their differences. But here’s the important part — nobody thinks exactly like everyone else anyway. I spent years thinking I was too sensitive, but in a world where pretending sameness is good, being authentically different is perfect. You’re not broken; you’re human. So instead of trying to fit narrow ideas of “normal”, question what “normal” even means. Your way of thinking may be exactly what the world needs. Work with your brain, not against it, 10 your differences will become your gift. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abundant  B．attached  C． attempts  D．evidence  E. exposed  F. flexible G. fragile  H. samples  I. scanner  J. scarce  K. steady Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor, researchers had always assumed that there would be few 11 of life farther away from open water and sunlight. However, the discovery of filter-feeding (滤食的) organisms — 160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of −2.2℃ and under complete darkness — suggests that life in the world’s harshest environment may be more 12 than previously thought. In 2017, BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three-month expedition to the middle of Antarctica’s Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, to collect 13 of the seafloor deposits. The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe. After about 20 hours of painstaking work, they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath. However, when the scientists lowered the 14 , along with a camera, to collect the soil, it came up empty. After multiple failed 15 — each round trip taking about an hour — the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the 16 flat seabed. Even more surprisingly, the rock was covered with stationary animals, like sponges (海绵) and potentially unknown species. The finding has confused many scientists given that certain organisms, such as sponges and coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live their entire lives 17 to rocks, or other hard surfaces, need food supplies. In the open water, the “marine snow,” as the food is called, comes from 18 organic matter, which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean. However, the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive 19 supplies of nutrients. To make matters worse, due to the area’s strong ocean currents, the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them. “This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we’ve seen any of these filter-feeding animals,” said Smith. “These things are 20 on a rock and only get fed if something comes floating along.” C Urban Growth More than half the world’s population dwell in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure. Such a construction 21 does, though, bode ill (凶多吉少) for tackling climate change, because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s carbon-dioxide emissions caused by human activities. If cities are to expand and become 22 at the same time, they will have to be made from something else. As it happens, Chicago might become part of the 23 . In recent years, as architects have become increasingly interested in modern timber (木材)-construction methods, wooden buildings have been getting 24 taller. The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019. But this would be 25 by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre skyscraper proposed for a site beside the Chicago River. As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wood is one of the most 26 sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday timber, chip-board (刨花板) or plywood (胶合板) that is attracting the interest of architects. Rather, it is a material called engineered timber. This is a 27 of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific components such as floors, panels, cross-braces (横撑) and beams (梁). Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can align the grains in the 28 to provide levels of strength that rival steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. Engineered timber is, 29 , usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory. That 30 on the number of deliveries that have to be made to a construction site. All this makes a big difference to carbon-dioxide emissions. Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building constructed in that city. Creating this building generated 126 tonnes of CO₂. Had it been made with 31 the number would have risen to 310 tonnes. If steel had been used, emissions would have topped 498 tonnes. Indeed, from one point of view, this building might actually be viewed as “carbon 32 .” When trees grow they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case, the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO₂. Preserved in buildings rather than recycled by beetles, fungus and bacteria, that carbon represents a long-term reduction of CO₂ in the atmosphere. If building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to 33 . But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable 34 alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily. According to a report by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, in Germany, large 35 timbers are fire-resistant because their inner cores are protected by a charring layer (碳化层) if burnt. All in all, then, it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life. 21．A．project B．ambition C．boom D．installation 22．A．greener B．cleaner C．trendier D．denser 23．A．rebel B．outcome C．answer D．issue 24．A．readily B．remotely C．presently D．steadily 25．A．overbalanced B．overshadowed C．overlooked D．overprotected 26．A．domestic B．promising C．foreseeable D．artificial 27．A．transfer B．composite C．territory D．technique 28．A．shapes B．layers C．floors D．levels 29．A．nevertheless B．instead C．moreover D．meanwhile 30．A．cuts down B．gets in C．beats up D．sets out 31．A．trees B．timber C．concrete D．synthetics 32．A．positive B．negative C．friendly D．resistant 33．A．harvest B．export C．plant D．waste 34．A．residents B．immigrants C．forests D．farms 35．A．imposing B．permanent C．universal D．structural 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型综训04：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Early Years, finds, for three to nine-year-olds, the format of number-based board games helps to improve counting, addition, and the ability to recognize   1 a number is higher or lower than another. The researchers say children benefit from programs   2 they play board games a few times a week supervised by a teacher or another trained adult. “Board games enhance mathematical abilities for young children, and they can easily be adapted to include learning objectives related to mathematical skills or other domains,” says lead author Dr. Jaime Balladares, one of the   3 (well-known) child psychologists from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, in Santiago, Chile. The researchers set out to investigate the scale of the effects   4 physical board games in promoting learning in young children. They based their findings on a review of 19 studies published from 2000 onwards 5 (involve) children aged from three to nine years. All except one study focused on the relationship between board games and mathematical skills. All children participating in the studies received special board game sessions which took place on average twice a week for 20 minutes during 6 18-month period. Teachers, therapists, or parents were among the adults 7 led these sessions. In some of the 19 studies, children were grouped into either the number board game or to a board game that did not focus on numeracy skills. In 8 , all children participated in number board games but were allocated different types e.g. Dominoes. All children were assessed on their math performance before and after the intervention sessions which were designed 9 (encourage) skills such as counting out loud. The results showed that math skills improved significantly 10 these children took part in the intervention sessions. 【答案】 1．whether 2．where 3．most well-known 4．of 5．involving 6．an 7．who/that 8．others 9．to encourage 10．after 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现数字桌游能提升低龄儿童数学能力，并提出研究的过程与相关结论。 1．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：一项发表在同行评审期刊《早期岁月》上的新研究发现，对于3至9岁的儿童来说，数字类桌游的形式有助于提高他们的数数、加法运算以及判断一个数字比另一个数字大还是小的能力。此处引导宾语从句，作recognize的宾语，结合句意，此处表示“是否”，用连接词whether。故填whether。 2．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员表示，孩子们会从每周在老师或其他受过训练的成年人监督下玩几次桌游的项目中受益。此处引导定语从句，先行词为programs，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：该研究的第一作者杰米·巴拉达雷斯博士是智利圣地亚哥天主教大学最知名的儿童心理学家之一，他说：“桌游能提高幼儿的数学能力，而且还能很容易地调整桌游内容，融入与数学技能或其他领域相关的学习目标。”此处为固定结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，well-known的最高级为most well-known。故填most well-known。 4．考查介词。句意：研究人员着手调查实体桌游在促进幼儿学习方面所产生效果的程度。此处为固定搭配the effects of sth.，意为“某物的效果”，用介词of。故填of。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究结果基于对2000年以来发表的19项研究的综述，这些研究涉及3至9岁的儿童。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰19 studies，与involve为主动关系，用现在分词involving。故填involving。 6．考查冠词。句意：所有参与研究的儿童都参加了专门的桌游课程，这些课程平均每周开展两次，每次20分钟，持续了18个月。period为可数名词单数，意为“时期，阶段”，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一个18个月的阶段”，18-month是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．考查定语从句。句意：带领这些课程的成年人包括教师、治疗师或家长。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the adults，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 8．考查代词。句意：在其他研究中，所有儿童都参与了数字桌游，但被分配了不同的类型，如多米诺骨牌。此处指代“其他的研究”，与前文的In some of the 19 studies呼应，用代词others。故填others。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有儿童都在干预课程前后接受了数学能力评估，这些课程旨在培养他们大声数数等技能。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式to encourage。故填to encourage。 10．考查连词。句意：结果显示，这些儿童在参加了干预课程后，数学能力有了显著提高。此处引导时间状语从句，表“在……之后”，用连词after。故填after。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．impacting    B．outdated    C． purchasing    D．widespread    E. admitted     F. hard G. present    H. digitalisation    I. extinction    J. backup    K. preserve     Digital memories might not last forever Having thousands of photos, songs and films available at our fingertips would have seemed amazing just a few decades ago, but how long will these files last for and be available? Could the 11 of cultural artefacts (手工艺品) now be putting a time limit on our memories? The materials that phones and computers are made of can degrade over time, 12 the data that they store. Images can still be seen in faded photographs, but when digital data become unreadable, it can quickly make it impossible to even open a file. Also, as format (格式) and devices become 13 , it may become impossible to read files from previous decades. Storing information in the cloud can also 14 problems. Large companies can still lose data. In 2019, social media platform MySpace 15 losing more than 12 years’ worth of users’ music uploads. The 16 use of streaming services for music, TV and film means that people no longer own the content that they watch and listen to, they just pay for the right to access it. If streaming companies decide to remove content, or go out of business, users will lose access. Licencing (许可) rather than 17 content is an example of how our behaviour towards digital content has changed. Another example is that we take far more pictures than people did in the past. This means that, added to the challenge of keeping our data safe, people have to consider what to 18 and what can be removed. So, what can we do? Technology writer Jack Schofield said that “data doesn’t really exist unless you have at least two copies of it”, so it’s important that we keep 19 copies of what is important to us — probably more than one. Science and Technology writer Chris Baranaiuk calls for a cultural movement towards buying 20 copies of cultural content. Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．B 14．G 15．E 16．D 17．C 18．K 19．J 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，大意为探讨数字化记忆并非永久存在，分析数字化存储带来的各类问题及对应的解决办法。 11．考查名词。句意：如今手工艺品的数字化进程是否正在为我们的记忆设置时间限制？根据句意及前文“Digital memories might not last forever”的核心语境，此处需要表达“数字化”的名词作句子主语，应选digitalisation；该词为抽象名词，符合句子语法结构和语义要求。故选H。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：手机和电脑的制作材料会随着时间推移老化，影响其中存储的数据。根据句意“材料老化带来的结果是影响数据”，此处需要表达“影响”的词，且前半句有谓语动词can degrade，此处用非谓语动词作结果状语，应选impacting；现在分词形式表自然而然的结果，符合语法规则。故选A。 13．考查形容词。句意：此外，随着格式和设备变得过时，读取几十年前的文件可能会变得无法实现。根据句意“格式和设备更新换代后，旧的会无法使用”，此处需要表达“过时的”形容词作表语，应选outdated；该词能体现格式和设备的状态，符合语义和语法要求。故选B。 14．考查动词。句意：将信息存储在云端也可能带来问题。根据句意及后文“Large companies can still lose data”的举例，此处需要表达“带来、造成”的动词，且情态动词can后接动词原形，结合固定搭配present problems（带来问题），应选present。故选G。 15．考查动词。句意：2019年，社交媒体平台聚友网承认丢失了超过12年的用户音乐上传内容。根据句意“平台公开说明丢失数据的事实”，此处需要表达“承认”的动词，且句中有时间状语In 2019，用一般过去时，应选admitted；该词的过去式符合时态要求。故选E。 16．考查形容词。句意：流媒体服务在音乐、电视和电影领域的广泛使用，意味着人们不再拥有他们观看和收听的内容，只是为访问权付费。根据句意“流媒体服务的使用范围很广”，此处需要表达“广泛的”形容词修饰名词use，应选widespread；该词能体现流媒体服务的使用现状，符合语法和语义要求。故选D。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：获得许可而非购买内容，这一现象体现了我们对数字内容的行为方式发生了怎样的变化。根据句意及前文“people no longer own the content”和“pay for the right to access it”，此处与Licencing形成并列对比，需要表达“购买”的动名词形式，应选purchasing；动名词作主语，符合句子结构要求。故选C。 18．考查动词。句意：这意味着，除了保护数据安全的挑战外，人们还必须考虑要保存什么、可以删除什么。根据句意及后文“what can be removed”的对比，此处需要表达“保存”的动词，且疑问词后接不定式to do，用动词原形，应选preserve；该词与remove形成语义相反的对应，符合语境。故选K。 19．考查形容词。句意：科技作家杰克·斯科菲尔德说过“除非你至少有两份副本，否则数据其实并不存在”，因此为我们认为重要的内容留存备份副本非常重要——或许还不止一份。根据句意及前文“at least two copies of it”，此处需要表达“备份的”形容词修饰名词copies，结合固定搭配backup copies“备份副本”，应选backup。故选J。 20．考查形容词。句意：科技作家克里斯·巴拉纽克呼吁发起一场文化运动，倡导购买文化内容的实体副本。根据句意及后文“Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether”，此处与digital形成对比，需要表达“实体的、有形的”形容词修饰名词copies，hard copies为固定搭配，指“实体副本、硬拷贝”，应选hard。故选F。 C The conventional portrayal of scientific advancement as a straightforward gathering of successes presents a fundamentally misleading picture. Authentic scientific progress is rarely straight; 21 , it follows a winding path filled with unexpected obstacles and definitive failures. Rather than representing mere blocks, these apparent setbacks frequently function as important 22 that re-orient research toward more promising directions and deeper understanding. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation offers a particularly instructive case study. When radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected persistent interference (干扰) in their measurements, they naturally 23 this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem. The signal consistently 24 their attempts to collect clean astronomical data, prompting an extensive investigation into potential technical sources. After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts. 25 , this very persistence pushed them to consider more extraordinary explanations. What began as a technical 26 ultimately turned into one of the most significant cosmological discoveries of the modern era. This historical episode illuminates a crucial principle of scientific methods: the genuine value of an investigation often lies not in confirming expected results, but in how researchers respond to differences between theory and 27 . When experimental data consistently contradict theoretical predictions, the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity — an 28 to reexamine fundamental assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Such moments of conflict frequently catalyze scientific breakthroughs, stimulating the development of more comprehensive theories. These insights carry profound implications for science 29 . Traditional teaching approaches that emphasize predetermined outcomes and rapid success may accidentally hold back the development of authentic scientific 30 . A more philosophically informed methodology would create learning environments that not only tolerate but actively 31 the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation. By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results, students develop the methodical understanding and intellectual 32 essential for innovative research. Ultimately, recognizing the indispensable role of failure 33 changes our understanding of scientific progress itself. The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the 34 tension they reveal. A sophisticated understanding of scientific methodology therefore requires us to regard failure not as the end of inquiry, but as a(n) 35 and generative dimension of the scientific enterprise. 21．A．instead B．therefore C．meanwhile D．besides 22．A．guides B．conclusions C．rewards D．theories 23．A．predicted B．interpreted C．encountered D．ignored 24．A．improved B．confirmed C．frustrated D．simplified 25．A．Especially B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Moreover 26．A．success B．approach C．failure D．achievement 27．A．prediction B．observation C．intuition D．imagination 28．A．invitation B．obligation C．limitation D．repetition 29．A．policy B．education C．funding D．publication 30．A．accuracy B．curiosity C．frame D．agreement 31．A．avoid B．fear C．embrace D．document 32．A．discipline B．flexibility C．stability D．certainty 33．A．temporarily B．accidentally C．fundamentally D．typically 34．A．conceptual B．physical C．emotional D．creative 35．A．optional B．essential C．terminal D．symbolic 【答案】 21．A 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出科学进步并非一帆风顺，失败实则是指引研究的重要向导，以相关发现为例论证观点，并强调其对科学教育的深刻启示。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：真正的科学进步往往并非一帆风顺；相反，它会沿着一条曲折的路径前行，途中会遭遇意想不到的阻碍和彻底的失败。A. instead反而；B. therefore因此；C. meanwhile同时；D. besides此外。前半句说“真正的科学进步很少是一帆风顺的”，后半句说“它沿着布满意外障碍和明确失败的曲折道路前进”，前后是转折对比关系。instead表示“反而、取而代之”，符合语境。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些看似暂时的挫折并非仅仅是简单的阻碍，它们往往能起到重要的引导作用，促使研究朝着更有前景的方向发展，并促进更深入的理解。A. guides指导；B. conclusions结论；C. rewards奖励；D. theories理论。定语从句“that re-orient research toward more promising directions(将研究重新导向更有前景的方向)”是对空格词的解释，说明这些挫折是指引方向的事物。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当无线电天文学家阿诺·彭齐亚斯和罗伯特·威尔逊在他们的测量中首次发现持续存在的干扰信号时，他们自然而然地将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。A. predicted预测；B. interpreted解释；C. encountered遇见；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“this usual signal as evidence of equipment problem”可知，科学家将这种常见的信号解读为设备出现故障的证据。短语interpret...as...意为“将…… 理解为/解释为”，故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该信号一直阻碍着他们获取纯净天文数据的努力，因此他们展开了全面的调查，以寻找可能的技术原因。A. improved改进；B. confirmed确认；C. frustrated阻碍，使沮丧；D. simplified简化。根据上文“as evidence of equipment problem”以及后文“their attempts to collect clean astronomical data”可知，这个干扰信号会阻碍他们收集清晰的天文数据，故选C。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是这种（干扰信号的）持续存在却促使他们开始考虑更为奇特的解释。A. Especially特别；B. Furthermore此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Moreover此外。前文说“他们尽了最大努力，干扰仍然存在”，后文说“正是这种持续存在促使他们考虑更特别的解释”，前后是转折关系，nevertheless（然而）表转折，符合语境。故选C。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是一个小的技术故障，最终却演变成了现代科学史上最为重大的宇宙学发现之一。A. success成功；B. approach方法；C. failure失败；D. achievement成就。根据上文“After systematically removing all thinkable sources cause, they faced an inescapable reality: the interference persisted despite their most diligent efforts.(在彻底排除了所有可能的干扰因素之后，他们面对的却是无法回避的现实：尽管他们竭尽全力，干扰现象依然持续存在)”可知，这件事最初是被当作设备故障的技术问题，属于科学研究中的失败，最终却成为重大发现。故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一历史事件揭示了科学方法中一个至关重要的原则：一项研究的真正价值往往不在于能否证实预期的结果，而在于研究人员如何应对理论与观察结果之间的差异。A. prediction预测；B. observation观察；C. intuition直觉力；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“differences between theory and”可知，科学研究中，需要对比的是理论（theory）和观测结果（observation），故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当实验数据与理论预测结果完全不符时，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。A. invitation机会，契机；B. obligation义务；C. limitation限制；D. repetition重复。根据上文“the most innovative scientists perceive not failure but opportunity”可知，最具创新精神的科学家们不会视此为失败，而是将其视为机遇——这是一次重新审视基本假设和理论框架的契机。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些见解对于科学教育有着深远的意义。A. policy政策；B. education教育；C. funding资助；D. publication出版。后文“Traditional teaching approaches”提到“传统教学方法”，可知本段讨论的是这些洞见对科学教育的启示。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统的教学方法往往强调预先设定的目标和迅速取得成功，这种做法可能会无意中阻碍学生对科学的真正好奇心的培养。A. accuracy准确性；B. curiosity好奇心；C. frame框架；D. agreement同意。根据上文“predetermined outcomes and rapid success”可知，强调既定结果和快速成功的传统教学，可能会抑制真正的科学好奇心，而好奇心是科学探索的核心动力。故选B。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种更具哲学内涵的方法应当能够营造出这样的学习环境：它不仅能够容忍那些在真正探究过程中自然出现的失败，而且还能够积极地接纳这些失败所带来的成果。A. avoid避免；B. fear恐惧；C. embrace接受；D. document记录。根据上文“not only tolerate but actively”以及后文“the productive failures that naturally occur during genuine investigation”可知，前文说“不仅容忍(tolerate)”，后文用but递进，应是“积极接纳有价值的失败”。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过深入思考那些出乎意料的结果，学生们能够形成系统性的理解，并具备必要的思维灵活性，从而为创新性研究打下基础。A. discipline纪律；B. flexibility灵活性；C. stability稳定性；D. certainty确实。根据上文“By engaging thoughtfully with unexpected results”可知，面对意外结果时，学生需要培养的是有条理的认知和思维的灵活性，这样才能适应科学研究中的变数。故选B。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，认识到失败所具有的不可或缺的作用，从根本上改变了我们对科学进步本身的理解。A. temporarily暂时；B. accidentally意外地；C. fundamentally基础地；D. typically典型地。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”以及后文“changes our understanding of scientific progress itself”可知，承认失败的不可或缺作用，会从根本上改变我们对科学进步的理解。故选C。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具开创性的突破往往并非源于成功，而是源于其中所揭示的思维上的矛盾冲突。A. conceptual概念的；B. physical身体的；C. emotional情感的；D. creative创造性的。根据上文“differences between theory and”以及“The most groundbreaking advances frequently emerge not in spite of failures but because of the”可知，最重大的进步往往不是不顾失败，而是因为失败揭示的概念性矛盾——即理论与观测的认知冲突。故选A。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，对科学方法论的深刻理解要求我们不能将失败视为探究的终结，而应将其视为科学研究中一个不可或缺且具有创造性的方面。A. optional可选择的；B. essential重要的；C. terminal致命的；D. symbolic有象征意义的。根据上文“recognizing the indispensable role of failure”可知，essential(必不可少的)与前文“indispensable role(不可或缺的作用)”呼应。故选B。 第二套 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Here’s a secret: There’s no such thing as neurodiversity. And yet there is. Confused? Let me explain. I 1 (call) “oversensitive” for years my whole life. People say I’m a “perfectionist” who overthinks everything. But here’s the thing — everyone is different from everyone else. We all have unique genes, experiences, and ways of understanding the world. In the truest sense, we’re all neurodivergent (大脑功能异于常人的). So why are some people regarded as “different” while 2 get to be “normal”? I’m a columnist, and my job exists because of 3 my brain works. My overthinking makes me look deeply into daily experiences other people might ignore, which helps me find the truths 4 (bury) inside ordinary moments. My sensitivity allows me to see situations from many angles, while my perfectionism turns messy drafts into something people want to read, 5 has actually become my strengths though society calls them “problems”. My friend Bohan Zhang, a counseling psychologist, explains it clearly: “Everyone has their own lived experience.” The problem comes when we decide what counts as ‘normal’ thinking. This matters especially now when attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD，注意力缺陷多动障碍) is popular on social media. In his work, Bohan often sees that people get the wrong idea from social media about ADHD．He reminds us that ADHD doesn’t explain all problems with time or motivation, and having ADHD isn’t 6 excuse to avoid responsibility. Any condition — or talent, or difference — 7 (mean) you must take ownership of it. You are always bigger than any label. Throughout history, people have constantly changed the definition of “normal”. 8 (not fit) this narrow standard, those labeled as different were actually many gifted individuals like Michael Phelps, Van Gogh, and Temple Grandin, who, with transformative ideas and creations, achieved remarkable success in their fields 9 their differences. But here’s the important part — nobody thinks exactly like everyone else anyway. I spent years thinking I was too sensitive, but in a world where pretending sameness is good, being authentically different is perfect. You’re not broken; you’re human. So instead of trying to fit narrow ideas of “normal”, question what “normal” even means. Your way of thinking may be exactly what the world needs. Work with your brain, not against it, 10 your differences will become your gift. 【答案】 1．have been called 2．others 3．how 4．buried 5．which 6．an 7．means 8．Not fitting 9．despite 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者对于“正常”和“异类”的看法，作者认为每个人的思维方式可能正是世界所需要的，与其试图符合狭隘的“正常”观念，不如与大脑合作，而不是与之对抗，这样差异就会变成天赋。 1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我一生多年来都被称作“过度敏感”的人。根据时间状语for years my whole life可知，使用现在完成时，主语为I，和动词call为被动关系，需用被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been called。 2．考查代词。句意：那么，为什么有些人被视为“异类”，而另一些人却能被归为“正常”呢？ some...others...为固定搭配，意为“一些人……另一些人……。故填others。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：我是一名专栏作家，我的工作之所以存在，正是因为我的大脑运作方式与众不同。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的过度思考让我深入探究其他人可能忽略的日常经历，这帮助我发现隐藏在平凡瞬间中的真相。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the truths和bury为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词作定语。故填buried。 5．考查定语从句。句意：我的敏感让我能从多个角度看待问题，而我的完美主义则能将杂乱的草稿打磨成人们愿意阅读的内容——尽管社会将这些特质称为“问题”，但它们实际上已经成为了我的优势。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是上文句子，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查冠词。句意：他提醒我们，ADHD并不能解释所有与时间管理或动力相关的问题，而且患有ADHD也不是逃避责任的借口。excuse为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且excuse发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 7．考查动词时态。句意：任何一种状况——无论是天赋，还是差异——都意味着你必须为其负责。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语“Any condition — or talent, or difference”（任何状况 —— 无论是天赋还是差异）中，“any + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填means。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：那些不符合这一狭隘标准、被贴上“异类”标签的人，实际上不乏许多天才人物，比如迈克尔・菲尔普斯、梵高和坦普・格兰丁，他们凭借具有变革性的想法和创造，尽管自身存在差异，却在各自的领域取得了非凡的成功。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语those labeled as different和fit为主谓关系，需用现在分词作原因状语，否定形式需在前面加not，且否定词not置于句首，首字母大写。故填Not fitting。 9．考查介词。句意同上。空后是名词短语their differences，需用介词引导，表示“尽管”应用介词despite。故填despite。 10．考查连词。句意：与你的大脑合作，而非对抗它，这样你的差异就会成为你的天赋。上文是祈使句“Work with your brain, not against it”（与大脑合作，而非对抗），下文是陈述句 “your differences will become your gift”（你的差异会成为天赋）；两者构成顺承关系（按前者做，就会产生后者的结果），符合“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的固定句型。故填and。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abundant  B．attached  C． attempts  D．evidence  E. exposed  F. flexible G. fragile  H. samples  I. scanner  J. scarce  K. steady Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor, researchers had always assumed that there would be few 11 of life farther away from open water and sunlight. However, the discovery of filter-feeding (滤食的) organisms — 160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of −2.2℃ and under complete darkness — suggests that life in the world’s harshest environment may be more 12 than previously thought. In 2017, BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three-month expedition to the middle of Antarctica’s Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, to collect 13 of the seafloor deposits. The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe. After about 20 hours of painstaking work, they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath. However, when the scientists lowered the 14 , along with a camera, to collect the soil, it came up empty. After multiple failed 15 — each round trip taking about an hour — the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the 16 flat seabed. Even more surprisingly, the rock was covered with stationary animals, like sponges (海绵) and potentially unknown species. The finding has confused many scientists given that certain organisms, such as sponges and coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live their entire lives 17 to rocks, or other hard surfaces, need food supplies. In the open water, the “marine snow,” as the food is called, comes from 18 organic matter, which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean. However, the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive 19 supplies of nutrients. To make matters worse, due to the area’s strong ocean currents, the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them. “This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we’ve seen any of these filter-feeding animals,” said Smith. “These things are 20 on a rock and only get fed if something comes floating along.” 【答案】 11．D 12．F 13．H 14．I 15．C 16．E 17．B 18．A 19．K 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在南极冰架下极端环境中发现滤食性生物，这一发现挑战了人们对生命适应性的传统认知，并引发了对这些生物在黑暗、寒冷且远离营养源的环境中如何生存的科学疑问。 11．考查名词。句意：尽管在南极洲海底发现海洋动物并不罕见，但研究人员一直认为，在远离开阔水域和阳光的地方，几乎没有生命存在的迹象。空处作there be句型的主语，结合“of life farther away from open water and sunlight”可推知，D项evidence“迹象”符合题意，表示“几乎没有生命存在的迹象”。故选D。 12．考查形容词。句意：然而，滤食性生物的发现——距离开阔海洋160英里，温度为零下2.2摄氏度，且完全黑暗——表明，在这个世界上最恶劣的环境中，生命可能比之前认为的更具适应力。空处和more构成比较级，作表语，结合“160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of −2.2℃ and under complete darkness”可推知，F项flexible“具有适应力的”符合题意，表示“比之前认为的更具适应力”。故选F。 13．考查名词。句意：2017年，英国南极调查局地质学家James Smith和他的同事进行了一次为期三个月的远征，前往南极菲尔希纳–龙尼冰架中部，以收集海底沉积物的样本。空处作collect的宾语，结合“of the seafloor deposits”可推知，H项samples“样本”符合题意，表示“收集海底沉积物的样本”。故选H。 14．考查名词。句意：然而，当科学家们将扫描仪连同摄像机一起放入海底收集土壤时，却空手而归。空处作lowered的宾语，结合“along with a camera”可推知，I项scanner“扫描仪”符合题意，表示“将扫描仪连同摄像机一起放入海底”。故选I。 15．考查名词。句意：经过多次失败的尝试——每次往返大约需要一个小时——研究人员仔细观察了这段视频，发现在裸露的平坦海床上有一块巨大的石头。空处作After的宾语，结合“multiple failed”可推知，C项attempts“尝试”符合题意，表示“经过多次失败的尝试”。故选C。 16．考查形容词。句意：经过多次失败的尝试——每次往返大约需要一个小时——研究人员仔细观察了这段视频，发现在裸露的平坦海床上有一块巨大的石头。空处作修饰flat seabed的定语，结合上文的“The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe.”可推知，E项exposed“暴露的，无遮蔽的”符合题意，表示“在裸露的平坦海床上”。故选E。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一发现让许多科学家感到困惑，因为某些生物，如海绵和珊瑚虫，终生附着在岩石或其他坚硬表面上，需要食物供应。句子主干成分完整，空处应为非谓语，结合“to rocks”可推知，B项attached“附上，固定”符合题意，过去分词作状语，表示“终生附着在岩石或其他坚硬表面上”。故选B。 18．考查形容词。句意：在开阔水域中，被称为“海洋雪”的食物来自丰富的有机物，它们从上层水域漂到深海。空处作修饰organic matter的定语，结合“marine snow”可推知，A项abundant“丰富的”符合题意，表示“来自丰富的有机物”。故选A。 19．考查形容词。句意：然而，在如此深度的物种距离开阔海洋太远，无法获得稳定的营养供应。空处作修饰supplies的定语，结合“the species in such depth are too far from the open sea”可推知，K项steady“稳定的”符合题意，表示“无法获得稳定的营养供应”。故选K。 20．考查形容词。句意：“这些生物在岩石上很脆弱，只有当有东西漂浮过来时才能获得食物。”空处作表语，结合“only get fed if something comes floating along”可推知，G项fragile“脆弱的”符合题意，表示“这些生物在岩石上很脆弱”。故选G。 C Urban Growth More than half the world’s population dwell in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure. Such a construction 21 does, though, bode ill (凶多吉少) for tackling climate change, because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s carbon-dioxide emissions caused by human activities. If cities are to expand and become 22 at the same time, they will have to be made from something else. As it happens, Chicago might become part of the 23 . In recent years, as architects have become increasingly interested in modern timber (木材)-construction methods, wooden buildings have been getting 24 taller. The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019. But this would be 25 by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre skyscraper proposed for a site beside the Chicago River. As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wood is one of the most 26 sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday timber, chip-board (刨花板) or plywood (胶合板) that is attracting the interest of architects. Rather, it is a material called engineered timber. This is a 27 of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific components such as floors, panels, cross-braces (横撑) and beams (梁). Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can align the grains in the 28 to provide levels of strength that rival steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. Engineered timber is, 29 , usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory. That 30 on the number of deliveries that have to be made to a construction site. All this makes a big difference to carbon-dioxide emissions. Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building constructed in that city. Creating this building generated 126 tonnes of CO₂. Had it been made with 31 the number would have risen to 310 tonnes. If steel had been used, emissions would have topped 498 tonnes. Indeed, from one point of view, this building might actually be viewed as “carbon 32 .” When trees grow they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case, the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO₂. Preserved in buildings rather than recycled by beetles, fungus and bacteria, that carbon represents a long-term reduction of CO₂ in the atmosphere. If building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to 33 . But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable 34 alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily. According to a report by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, in Germany, large 35 timbers are fire-resistant because their inner cores are protected by a charring layer (碳化层) if burnt. All in all, then, it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life. 21．A．project B．ambition C．boom D．installation 22．A．greener B．cleaner C．trendier D．denser 23．A．rebel B．outcome C．answer D．issue 24．A．readily B．remotely C．presently D．steadily 25．A．overbalanced B．overshadowed C．overlooked D．overprotected 26．A．domestic B．promising C．foreseeable D．artificial 27．A．transfer B．composite C．territory D．technique 28．A．shapes B．layers C．floors D．levels 29．A．nevertheless B．instead C．moreover D．meanwhile 30．A．cuts down B．gets in C．beats up D．sets out 31．A．trees B．timber C．concrete D．synthetics 32．A．positive B．negative C．friendly D．resistant 33．A．harvest B．export C．plant D．waste 34．A．residents B．immigrants C．forests D．farms 35．A．imposing B．permanent C．universal D．structural 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．B 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市扩张背景下木材作为可持续建筑材料的应用潜力及其优势。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这样的建筑热潮对于应对气候变化而言凶多吉少，因为生产钢铁和混凝土这两种最常见的建筑材料，产生的二氧化碳排放量约占人类活动产生的全球二氧化碳排放量的 8%。A. project项目；B. ambition雄心；C. boom繁荣；D. installation安装。根据前文“More than half the world’s population dwell in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure.”可知，随着城市人口增加，建筑需求也会增加，因此这里指的是建筑繁荣。故选C。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果城市要扩张，同时又要变得更环保，它们就必须用其他材料建造。A. greener更环保的；B. cleaner更干净的；C. trendier更时髦的；D. denser更密集的。根据前文“because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s carbon-doxide emissions caused by human activities.”可知，钢铁和混凝土等常见建筑材料会产生大量二氧化碳排放，因此这里指的是城市要变得更环保。故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：碰巧的是，芝加哥可能会成为答案的一部分。A. rebel叛逆者；B. outcome结果；C. answer答案；D. issue问题。根据后文“In recent years, as architects have become increasingly interested in modern timber-construction methods, wooden buildings have been getting 4 taller.”以及“But this would be 5 by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre skyscraper proposed for a site beside the Chicago river.”可知，芝加哥可能会采用木材作为建筑材料，成为解决城市扩张与环保问题的一个答案。故选C。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：近年来，随着建筑师对现代木材建筑方法越来越感兴趣，木制建筑正在稳步增高。A. readily容易地；B. remotely遥远地；C. presently目前；D. steadily稳步地。根据后文“The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019. But this would be 5 by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre skyscraper proposed for a site beside the Chicago river.”可知，目前的纪录由 2019 年竣工的挪威米约斯塔内特大楼保持，这座建筑高 85 米。但这一纪录将被芝加哥河旁拟建的228米高的河桦塔所超越。木制建筑的高度在不断增加，因此这里指的是稳步增高。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一纪录将被芝加哥河旁拟建的228米高的河桦塔所超越。A. overbalanced失衡；B. overshadowed使黯然失色，超越；C. overlooked忽视；D. overprotected过度保护。根据前文“The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019.”和后文“a 228-metre skyscraper proposed for a site beside the Chicago river”可知，河桦塔的高度将超过目前的纪录。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如本周AAA会议所听到的，木材是钢铁和混凝土最有前途的可持续替代品之一。A. domestic国内的；B. promising有前途的；C. foreseeable可预见的；D. artificial人造的。根据后文“sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete”以及后文“This is a 7 of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific components such as floors, panels, cross-braces and beams. Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can align the grains in the 8 to provide levels of strength that rival steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter.”可知，这是一种由不同层组成的复合材料，每一层都设计用于满足特定部件（如地板、面板、横撑和梁）的要求。除了设计部件的形状外，设计师还可以调整各层的纹理，使产品的强度达到与钢相当的水平，而重量却轻80%。下文是对木材建筑优势的描述，所以木材是一种有前途的可持续替代品。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种由不同层组成的复合材料，每一层都设计用于满足特定部件（如地板、面板、横撑和梁）的要求。A. transfer转移；B. composite复合材料；C. territory领土；D. technique技术。根据后文“of different layers”可知，这里指的是一种由不同层组成的复合材料。故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了设计部件的形状外，设计师还可以调整各层的纹理，使产品的强度达到与钢相当的水平，而重量却轻80%。A. shapes形状；B. layers层；C. floors地板；D. levels水平。根据前文“different layers”以及“align the grains”可知，这是一种由不同层组成的复合材料，这里指的是调整各层的纹理。故选B。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，工程木材通常在工厂组装成建筑物的大型部分。A. nevertheless然而；B. instead相反；C. moreover此外；D. meanwhile同时。根据前文“This is a 7 of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific components such as floors, panels, cross-braces and beams. Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can align the grains in the 8 to provide levels of strength that rival steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter.”和后文“usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory”可知，前文介绍了工程木材的强度和重量优势，这里补充它的组装特点，是递进关系，因此用moreover。故选C。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这减少了必须运到建筑工地的交付次数。A. cuts down削减；B. gets in进入；C. beats up殴打；D. sets out出发。根据后文“on the number of deliveries that have to be made to a construction site”可知，工程木材在工厂组装成大型部分，因此减少了运到建筑工地的交付次数。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果用混凝土建造，这个数字将上升到310吨。A. trees树；B. timber木材；C. concrete混凝土；D. synthetics合成物。根据前文“Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building constructed in that city. Creating this building generated 126 tonnes of CO₂. Had it been made with”和后文“the number would have risen to 310 tonnes”可知，这里是在对比木材和混凝土建造产生的二氧化碳排放量，因此这里指的是混凝土。故选C。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，从某种角度来看，这座建筑甚至可以被视为“碳负排放”。A. positive积极的；B. negative消极的，负的；C. friendly友好的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“When trees grow they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO₂. Preserved in buildings rather than recycled by beetles, fungus and bacteria, that carbon represents a long-term reduction of CO₂ in the atmosphere.”可知，木材建筑可以长期减少大气中的二氧化碳，因此这里指的是碳负排放。故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果木材建筑流行起来，确实会引起人们对是否有足够树木可供砍伐的担忧。A. harvest采伐；B. export出口；C. plant种植；D. waste浪费。根据前文“If building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to”和后文“But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem”可知，大量用木材建房子需要砍伐树木，这里指的是是否有足够树木可供砍伐用于建筑。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他估计，仅欧洲的可持续森林每7秒就能生长出这么多木材。A. residents居民；B. immigrants移民；C. forests森林；D. farms农场。根据前文“But with sustainably managed forests”以及后文“grow that amount every seven seconds”可知，这里指的是欧洲的可持续森林。故选C。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的一份报告，大型结构木材具有防火性能，因为如果燃烧，其内芯会被碳化层保护。A.  imposing壮观的；B. permanent永久的；C. universal普遍的；D.  structural结构的。根据后文“timbers are fire resistant because their inner cores  are protected by a charring layer if burnt”可知，内核受到炭化层保护的应该是现代大型结构木材，这里指的是大型结构木材具有防火性能。故选D。 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $