精品解析：山东省淄博市2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

参照秘密级管理★启用前 淄博市2025—2026学年度第一学期高三摸底质量检测 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号等填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What is the woman going to do next? A. Do an experiment. B. Offer the man a lift. C. Pick up her kids. 2. Who will be absent from dinner this weekend? A. Lisa. B. Bob. C. Dave. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Traffic lights. B. Color blindness. C. Eye glasses. 4. What does the woman want to do most at the club? A. Read Shakespeare’s plays. B. Visit Shakespeare festivals. C. Act in Shakespeare’s plays. 5. What time does the man want the woman to set her alarm for? A. 5:30. B. 6:00. C. 7:00. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When will the man receive a medical check-up? A. This Wednesday. B. This Thursday. C. This Friday. 7. What medical test does the woman recommend to the man? A. An ECG. B. A blood test. C. A chest X-ray. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。 8. What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Couple. 9. What is Henry most probably interested in? A. Playing sports. B. Exploring nature. C. Creating artworks. 10. What will the man probably do next? A. Look for a newspaper. B. Go on the Internet. C. Make a phone call. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How does the woman feel about going to France? A. Nervous. B. Excited. C. Proud. 12. Which year of college is the man probably in now? A. The second year. B. The third year. C. The fourth year. 13. What will the woman probably do after getting to France? A. Take a part-time job. B. Start a new hobby. C. Join a student club. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What is the man’s attitude toward the new rule? A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. 15. Why does the man mention a national survey? A. To show children have too much screen time. B. To prove some websites are helpful. C. To explain games harm kids. 16. What is the main problem for the woman’s son? A. Poor social skills. B. Physical tiredness. C. Low grades. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who inspired the speaker to start skiing? A. Her mother. B. Her father. C. Her brother. 18. What did the speaker do in 2018? A. She attended her first Olympic Games. B. She became a professional athlete. C. She started cross-country skiing. 19. What gave the biggest impression on the speaker at Beijing 2022? A. Receiving a medal. B. Entering four events. C. Being the flag bearer. 20. How does the speaker sound in the end? A. Humorous. B. Satisfied. C. Regretful. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节,满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Battery Management Systems: From Conventional to Intelligent With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy storage, battery management systems (BMSs) have grown essential, ensuring battery safety, extending lifespan, and boosting performance. Battery cells, even from the same production line, vary due to manufacturing tolerances and usage habits, risking imbalance, overcharging, and uneven heating without proper management. Fig. 1 Influence of cell behaviour on vehicle performance Limitations of Conventional BMSs (CBMSs) Conventional BMSs, developed in the early 1990s, only conduct basic monitoring of voltage (电压) current, and temperature via simple state estimation algorithms. They lack advanced functions such as predictive maintenance and have low accuracy in complex conditions. Innovation of Intelligent BMS (IBMS) To solve these issues, technologies like cloud computing, IoT (Internet of Things), and digital twin have been integrated, giving rise to Intelligent BMS (IBMS). It adopts an end-edge-cloud multi-layer architecture: end BMS collects real-time cell data, edge BMS processes time-sensitive tasks locally, and cloud BMS handles complex work. Artificial Intelligence further enhances monitoring accuracy. Fig. 2 Pyramid (金字塔) of hierarchy (分层结构) levels involved in building an advanced intelligent battery management system (IBMS) architecture. Challenges and Future of IBMS IBMS faces technical, social and commercial challenges. Yet it is the future of battery management, supporting EVs’ sustainable development. As technologies advance, these difficulties will be overcome, and IBMS is expected to become a standard for energy storage systems. 1. What is the main function of BMSs? A. To improve EV production efficiency. B. To collect weather data for vehicle operation. C. To ensure battery safety and enhance performance. D. To reduce manufacturing tolerances of battery cells. 2. What can we learn from Fig. 1? A. Pack Behaviour is completely determined by external Weather Profiles. B. Vehicle Outputs, like Efficiency, are influenced by Cell Behaviour. C. Cell Degradation has little effect on the Vehicle Behaviour. D. Drive Profiles are a component of Vehicle Outputs. 3. What can be inferred about the IBMS architecture? A. It features a multi-level architecture. B. It fails to integrate digital twin into the structure. C. It mainly relies on cloud computing to process tasks. D. It has been widely applied to energy storage systems. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电池管理系统的作用、传统系统的局限、智能系统的创新及未来挑战。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy storage, battery management systems (BMSs) have grown essential, ensuring battery safety, extending lifespan, and boosting performance.(随着电动汽车和大规模储能的快速发展，电池管理系统变得至关重要，可确保电池安全、延长寿命并提升性能)”可知，BMS的主要功能是保障电池安全、提升性能。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Fig. 1 Influence of cell behaviour on vehicle performance可知，Cell Behaviour(电池单体行为)影响 Pack Behaviour(电池包行为)，而 Pack Behaviour 又影响 Vehicle Behaviour（车辆行为），包含 Efficiency(效率)等 Vehicle Outputs(车辆输出指标)，因此车辆输出，如效率，受电池单体行为影响。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“It adopts an end-edge-cloud multi-layer architecture: end BMS collects real-time cell data, edge BMS processes time-sensitive tasks locally, and cloud BMS handles complex work.(它采用端-边-云多层架构：终端BMS收集实时电池单体数据，边缘BMS本地处理时间敏感任务，云BMS处理复杂工作)”以及Fig. 2的金字塔分层结构可知，IBMS具有多层级架构的特点。故选A。 B For the entire semester of my senior physics class, a quiet mystery unfolded daily. It wasn’t the complex laws on the board that ultimately stayed with me, but the consistent ten minutes of silence before each lecture began. Mr. Davies, known for his energetic and engaging teaching style, would enter the room, place his notes on the desk, and then simply sit. His gaze, often directed out the window at a towering pine tree, seemed distant. A cup of tea steamed and then cooled beside him, untouched. We, a group of typically restless seventeen-year-olds, initially fidgeted (躁动), whispered, and wondered. Was he tired? Disappointed in us? Daydreaming? As weeks passed, a gradual change occurred. The whispered questions died down. The restless movements stilled. Without a single word of instruction, the room learned to settle into a collective, respectful quiet. It became a strange, shared routine. I came to see it as his personal preparation time, a teacher’s brief mental shift from the chaos (混乱) of the world to the order of science. The truth, however, was far more serious and remained hidden for years. I learned it only at a class reunion, a decade later, from an old colleague of his. That very year, Mr. Davies’ wife had been battling a severe, long-term illness. Those silent minutes were not for preparation, but for preservation — his only private moment to gather enough strength to face us, to perform the role of the lively teacher we all expected. He neither mentioned it nor let the shadow cross his classroom doorway. Yet, in that unspoken, shared space, he taught a lesson more profound than any curriculum could contain. We had unknowingly witnessed quiet dignity, the immense strength required to bear personal burdens while faithfully fulfilling one’s duties. The classroom, I realized, had held not just a teacher of physics, but a man teaching, through simple example, the weight and grace of adulthood. 4. Why is Mr. Davies described as still and distant? A. To stress his lively teaching style. B. To imply an unknown personal struggle. C. To cause the students’ initial confusion. D. To suggest a fading passion for teaching. 5. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The single word of instruction. B. The shift in students’ behavior. C. The time for mental preparation. D. The process of settling into silence. 6. How does the author feel about Mr. Davies? A. Sympathetic about his personal hardship. B. Curious about his unusual behavior. C. Respectful of his powerful quiet. D. Impressed with his self-control. 7. What does the story show? A. The strength hidden in silence. B. A curriculum given by a teacher. C. The mystery revealed in physics class. D. A misunderstanding corrected after a decade. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了戴维斯先生在上课前有十分钟沉默，背后隐藏着个人困境，他以无声方式给学生上了一课。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That very year, Mr. Davies’ wife had been battling a severe, long-term illness. Those silent minutes were not for preparation, but for preservation — his only private moment to gather enough strength to face us, to perform the role of the lively teacher we all expected.(就在那一年，戴维斯先生的妻子一直在与一种严重的长期疾病作斗争。那些沉默的时刻不是为了准备，而是为了保存——他唯一能私下积聚足够力量来面对我们、扮演我们都期望的那个活跃的老师角色的时刻)”可知，戴维斯先生被描述为静止而遥远是为了暗示他未知的个人挣扎。故选B。 5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“As weeks passed, a gradual change occurred. The whispered questions died down. The restless movements stilled. Without a single word of instruction, the room learned to settle into a collective, respectful quiet. It became a strange, shared routine.(随着几周的过去，逐渐发生了变化。窃窃私语的问题平息了。不安的动作也停止了。没有一句指令，房间里的人学会了安静下来，集体而尊重地保持安静。这成了一种奇怪的、共同的惯例)”可知，“It”指的是学生们逐渐安静下来的过程。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet, in that unspoken, shared space, he taught a lesson more profound than any curriculum could contain. We had unknowingly witnessed quiet dignity, the immense strength required to bear personal burdens while faithfully fulfilling one’s duties.(然而，在那个无言、共享的空间里，他教了一课比任何课程都更深刻的课。我们不知不觉地见证了安静的尊严，以及在忠实地履行职责的同时承受个人负担所需的巨大力量)”可知，作者对戴维斯先生充满敬意，敬重他无声中展现出的强大力量。故选C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。文章通过讲述戴维斯先生在上课前的十分钟沉默，揭示了他背后隐藏的个人困境，以及他如何以无声的方式教会学生面对困难时的坚强和尊严。A选项“The strength hidden in silence(沉默中隐藏的力量)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 C Depression has long been attributed to (归因于) chemical imbalances in the brain. Yet, for many patients, standard treatments fail. This has fueled a search for alternative explanations, with the gut (肠道) bacteria emerging as a surprising candidate. Researchers from APC Microbiome, Ireland published a paper in the latest issue of Molecular Psychiatry, arguing that the community of tiny organisms in our gut produces substances that can signal the brain, influencing mood and behavior. Early animal studies were striking — transferring these organisms from depressed individuals into healthy mice could transfer depressive-like behaviors. Human studies soon followed, revealing distinct bacterial patterns in depressed patients. This research birthed the concept of “psychobiotics”: live bacteria intended to improve mental health. Early, small-scale trials reported promising results, capturing public imagination. Headlines declared bacteria as the new mood-improving drugs. However, the path from interesting association to proven treatment is difficult. Larger, more strict trials have produced mixed and modest outcomes. A critical obstacle is the bacterial community’s extreme individuality. What makes up a “healthy” bacterial community varies greatly between people, influenced by diet, genetics, and environment. A supplement (补充剂) containing good bacteria that helps one person may be ineffective for another. This complexity points to a deeper shift in perspective. The goal may not be to simply add a universal “happy bug”. Instead, the focus is shifting toward encouraging a healthy and diverse bacterial ecosystem as a whole. This ecosystem approach acknowledges that mental well-being might be supported not by a single type of bacteria, but by the collective function and stability of the entire community. Therefore, the real potential of this field may not be a simple pill, but a broader approach to mental healthcare. It suggests we view the body as a connected system, in which diet, lifestyle, and gut health are all tied to brain health. This doesn’t deny existing treatments but adds to the options available. Scientifically, the challenge is to go beyond mere links and establish clear cause and effect. For the public and patients, the task is to balance reasonable hope in new approaches with caution toward exaggerated or simplified solutions. 8. Why does the author mention the early animal studies? A. To demonstrate a direct cause of depression. B. To suggest a possible gut-brain influence. C. To highlight a breakthrough in treatment. D. To criticize the methods of animal testing. 9. What is the main challenge in developing “psychobiotics”? A. Insufficient researching funds. B. Negative effects of live bacteria. C. Public resistance to brand new ideas. D. Each person’s unique gut environment. 10. What is the author’s attitude towards “psychobiotics”? A. Cautious. B. Critical. C. Dismissive. D. Skeptical. 11. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Gut-Mind Connection: A New Way to Cure Depression B. From Mice to Humans: How Gut Bacteria Influence Our Mood C. The Gut-Brain Link: Exploring a New Frontier for Mental Health D. The Excitement and Hope of Psychobiotics: Beyond the Clear Facts 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肠道细菌与大脑情绪之间存在联系。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers from APC Microbiome, Ireland published a paper in the latest issue of Molecular Psychiatry, arguing that the community of tiny organisms in our gut produces substances that can signal the brain, influencing mood and behavior.(爱尔兰APC微生物组的研究人员在最新一期的《分子精神病学》上发表了一篇论文，认为我们肠道中的微生物群落会产生可以向大脑发出信号的物质，影响情绪和行为)”以及第二段中“Early animal studies were striking — transferring these organisms from depressed individuals into healthy mice could transfer depressive-like behaviors.(早期的动物研究令人惊讶——将这些微生物从抑郁个体转移到健康小鼠体内可以传递类似抑郁的行为)”可知，作者提到早期动物研究是为了说明肠道细菌可能对大脑情绪有影响，即暗示一种可能的肠道-大脑影响。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A critical obstacle is the bacterial community’s extreme individuality. What makes up a “healthy” bacterial community varies greatly between people, influenced by diet, genetics, and environment. A supplement (补充剂) containing good bacteria that helps one person may be ineffective for another.(一个关键的障碍是细菌群落的极端个体性。构成“健康”细菌群落的因素因人而异，受饮食、遗传和环境的影响。含有有益细菌的补充剂可能对一个人有效，但对另一个人无效)”可知，开发“精神益生菌”的主要挑战是每个人独特的肠道环境。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For the public and patients, the task is to balance reasonable hope in new approaches with caution toward exaggerated or simplified solutions.(对于公众和患者来说，任务是在对新方法的合理希望与对夸大或简化解决方案的谨慎之间取得平衡)”可知，作者对“精神益生菌”持谨慎态度。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了肠道细菌与大脑情绪之间的联系，以及“精神益生菌”这一新兴领域面临的挑战和作者的态度。C选项“The Gut-Brain Link: Exploring a New Frontier for Mental Health(肠道-大脑联系：探索心理健康的新前沿)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 D The age-old belief that humans are superior to nature and non-human life is deeply rooted in traditions. Even in modern times, this belief continues, influencing how we view the natural world. Characteristics once considered unique to humans — such as intelligence, tool use, moral behavior, and the ability to feel pain — have now been observed in other species. Chimpanzees solve complex puzzles, crows craft and use tools, and fish exhibit clear responses to painful situations. Even plants, once thought passive, demonstrate sensory abilities comparable to our own. These discoveries challenge the long-held assumption of human exceptionalism. In The Arrogant Ape, primatologist Christine Webb critically examines this belief. She argues that the idea of human uniqueness contradicts evolutionary science, which emphasizes gradual differences between species rather than absolute distinctions. Webb warns that this mindset misleads scientific research — biologists often focus on primates (灵长类动物) and well-known mammals while neglecting the majority of Earth’s biodiversity. Additionally, unfair comparison — such as studying captive (圈养的) chimpanzees and free humans — further strengthen false ideas of superiority. Concerned about ethical issues and unreliable data from lab studies, Webb conducts her research only in natural habitats or refuges for apes. Her observations suggest that many non-human beings likely possess some form of consciousness. Critics dismiss such claims as anthropomorphism (类人化). However, Webb argues against that refusing to acknowledge cross-species similarities creates unnecessary barriers in science. She also points out the double standard: while human cognition is accepted without question, animal intelligence is often dismissed without sufficient evidence. Webb argues that abandoning human exceptionalism is crucial for solving global crises. Zoonotic diseases, mass extinctions, and climate change all result from humanity’s damaging relationship with nature. By recognizing our place within the natural world and integrating the knowledge of native people about ecological balance — we can rebuild sustainable connections with the environment. Eventually, letting go of outdated superiority myths may inspire stronger support for animal welfare and the planet’s health. 12. What does the first paragraph talk about? A. An explanation of a religious belief. B. New findings about animal behavior. C. Different views on human superiority. D. A comparison between humans and animals. 13. What view does Webb hold on human exceptionalism? A. It corresponds with evolutionary science. B. It leads to too many studies on primates. C. It encourages humans to treat animals better. D. It narrows research focuses and methods. 14. Why does Webb intend to study apes only in habitats or refuges? A. To avoid the ethical problems of captive research. B. To simplify the process of collecting research data. C. To prove apes are more intelligent than other animals. D. To focus on the most “popular favored” mammal species. 15. Which statement would Webb most likely to agree with? A. Beliefs about human superiority are updated. B. Humans need to change their sense of superiority. C. Economic growth holds greater significance than environment. D. The knowledge of natives about ecological balance is outdated. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了灵长类动物学家Christine Webb批判“人类优越论”，指出其弊端并呼吁摒弃该观念以解决全球危机。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“These discoveries challenge the long - held assumption of human exceptionalism.(这些发现挑战了长期以来人类特殊论的假设)”以及第一段整体先阐述传统“人类优越论”，接着通过动物行为的新发现来挑战该观点，可知第一段主要讲的是关于人类优越性的不同观点。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Webb warns that this mindset misleads scientific research — biologists often focus on primates (灵长类动物) and well-known mammals while neglecting the majority of Earth’s biodiversity.(Webb 警告说，这种心态误导了科学研究——生物学家往往关注灵长类动物和知名哺乳动物，而忽视了地球上大多数的生物多样性)”可知，Webb认为人类特殊论使研究重点狭窄。故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Concerned about ethical issues and unreliable data from lab studies, Webb conducts her research only in natural habitats or refuges for apes.(出于对实验室研究中的伦理问题和不可靠数据的担忧，Webb只在自然栖息地或猿类避难所进行研究)”可知，Webb只在栖息地或避难所研究猿类是为了避免圈养研究的伦理问题。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Webb argues that abandoning human exceptionalism is crucial for solving global crises.(Webb 认为，摒弃人类特殊论对于解决全球危机至关重要)”可推知，Webb认为人类需要改变他们的优越感。故选B。 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Global environmental problems pose a serious threat to world food security. Solving these issues is key to ensuring future food supplies, especially for at-risk communities that depend on farming. ____16____ The difficulties we face are enormous. Higher temperatures, unpredictable rain, and severe weather harm crop growth and pressure water supplies. Meanwhile, harmful farming methods worsen land conditions, affecting about one-quarter to nearly half of the Earth’s land. ____17____ It reduces soil quality and biodiversity, weakens nature’s ability to recover and harms farming that supports more than 3.2 billion people. People who are already struggling suffer most. Small-scale farmers and herders in poorer areas often rely on unpredictable rainfall and work on already poor land. ____18____ This puts their way of life and local food supplies in danger, increasing hunger risks. Yet these challenges also encourage positive change. ____19____ Methods like growing drought-tolerant crops, planting cover crops, and using water-saving irrigation improve soil, save water, and store carbon. For example, moving animals between grasslands also helps the environment recover. By combining modern science with local experience, we can build stronger farming systems, shifting from exploiting nature to cooperating with it. ____20____ To achieve this goal, we need better policies prioritizing food security, more support for research and technology sharing, and education for farmers and the public. By linking science, policy, traditional knowledge, and local action, we can turn these threats into chances for a better food system. A. Looking ahead, a united global effort is essential. B. Such damage speeds up the loss of species worldwide as well. C. Using sustainable land management provides a vital pathway. D. In fact, people believe that the problems can be solved by new technology. E. As a result, these groups are asking for direct food aid from other countries. F. Therefore, they find it hard to deal with climate change, especially with extra pressures. G. These problems also encourage us to find new technology and live in harmony with nature. 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球环境问题威胁粮食安全，阐述其危害与影响，还提出可持续治理方法并呼吁全球携手应对。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Global environmental problems pose a serious threat to world food security. Solving these issues is key to ensuring future food supplies, especially for at-risk communities that depend on farming. (全球环境问题对世界粮食安全构成严重威胁。解决这些问题是保障未来粮食供应的关键，尤其是对依赖农业的高危群体而言)”可知，前文指出环境问题的威胁和解决问题的重要性，此空应承接上文说明这些问题带来的正向推动作用，G选项“These problems also encourage us to find new technology and live in harmony with nature. (这些问题也促使我们寻找新技术，与自然和谐共处)”中的These problems指代前文的Global environmental problems，且引出后文应对问题的相关内容，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Meanwhile, harmful farming methods worsen land conditions, affecting about one-quarter to nearly half of the Earth’s land. (与此同时，有害的耕作方式加剧了土地状况的恶化，影响了地球上约四分之一到近一半的土地)”以及后文“It reduces soil quality and biodiversity, weakens nature’s ability to recover and harms farming that supports more than 3.2 billion people. (它降低了土壤质量和生物多样性，削弱了自然的恢复能力，还损害了支撑着32亿多人的农业生产)”可知，前文说明有害耕作方式对土地的破坏，此空应承接上文说明这种破坏带来的进一步影响，B选项“Such damage speeds up the loss of species worldwide as well. (这样的破坏也加速了全球物种的消亡)”中的Such damage指代前文harmful farming methods带来的破坏，且与后文的负面影响相衔接，符合语境。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“People who are already struggling suffer most. Small-scale farmers and herders in poorer areas often rely on unpredictable rainfall and work on already poor land. (那些本就处境艰难的人受影响最大。贫困地区的小农户和牧民往往依赖难以预测的降雨，在本就贫瘠的土地上劳作)”以及后文“This puts their way of life and local food supplies in danger, increasing hunger risks. (这让他们的生活方式和当地的粮食供应陷入危险，增加了饥饿风险)”中的This可知，此空应说明贫困地区农户的处境带来的结果，即难以应对气候变化，这也是后文危险状况的原因，F选项“Therefore, they find it hard to deal with climate change, especially with extra pressures. (因此，他们难以应对气候变化，尤其是在面临额外压力的情况下)”中的they指代前文的Small-scale farmers and herders in poorer areas，且是后文This所指代的内容，符合语境。故选F项。 19题详解】 根据前文“Yet these challenges also encourage positive change. (然而，这些挑战也催生了积极的改变)”以及后文“Methods like growing drought-tolerant crops, planting cover crops, and using water-saving irrigation improve soil, save water, and store carbon. (种植耐旱作物、覆盖作物以及采用节水灌溉等方法可以改善土壤、节约用水并储存碳)”可知，前文指出挑战带来积极改变，此空应提出具体的解决途径，后文则是对该途径的具体阐释，C选项“Using sustainable land management provides a vital pathway. (采用可持续的土地管理方式是一条至关重要的途径)”提出了应对挑战的具体途径，且后文的方法均属于可持续土地管理的范畴，符合语境。故选C项。 【20题详解】 根据后文“To achieve this goal, we need better policies prioritizing food security, more support for research and technology sharing, and education for farmers and the public. By linking science, policy, traditional knowledge, and local action, we can turn these threats into chances for a better food system. (为实现这一目标，我们需要制定更优的、将粮食安全放在首位的政策，加大对研究和技术共享的支持，还需要对农民和公众开展相关教育。通过将科学、政策、传统知识和当地行动相结合，我们能将这些威胁转化为打造更完善粮食体系的机遇)”可知，后文讲述了实现目标的具体举措，需要各方共同努力，此空应作为本段主题句，点明全球携手的重要性，A选项“Looking ahead, a united global effort is essential. (展望未来，全球的共同努力至关重要)”精准概括本段核心，且引出后文的具体举措，符合语境。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Michael arrived in China from Australia with curiosity, yet unsure of what to expect. To his delight, China did not ____21____ him. In the winter of 2015, he began his ____22____ at Peking University, for a one-year Chinese language learning program. He never ____23____ that year would extend into a full decade — a journey of completing a master’s, landing a job, and building a life. Beijing’s ____24____ mix of old and new struck Michael immediately. Modern buildings stood beside ancient hutongs, ____25____ a society full of life. More importantly, living here ____26____ his worldview. He learned that there was no single way to live. This ____27____ came through daily life — whether through the patience of a street salesman helping him ____28____ the local tones, or the quiet kindness of a near-stranger who brought him food when he was ill. He found a strong ____29____ of community different from the more self-focused way of life back home. While Michael was adapting, China itself was transforming. Michael ____30____ the rapid rise of mobile payments, shared bikes, and ever-changing city views. Each visit to a friend’s hometown ____31____ new roads, shops, and public buildings — all clear ____32____ of China’s remarkable speed of development. Behind this ____33____ are the people, whose warmth and spirit made China a true home for him. Now Michael feels it a responsibility to promote the great country he ____34____ a personal thank-you for the ten years that ____35____ changed his perspective. 21. A. confuse B. interest C. encourage D. disappoint 22. A. adventure B. career C. performance D. travel 23. A. recommended B. discovered C. imagined D. guaranteed 24. A. conventional B. dynamic C. practical D. complicated 25. A. explaining B. proving C. reflecting D. meaning 26. A. promoted B. directed C. designed D. shaped 27. A. insight B. secret C. comment D. message 28. A. break down B. pick up C. stick to D. put up with 29. A. dream B. picture C. sense D. lifestyle 30. A. inspected B. challenged C. expected D. witnessed 31. A. revealed B. created C. introduced D. preserved 32. A. results B. evidence C. goals D. symbols 33. A. opinion B. competence C. progress D. confidence 34. A. adjusted B. achieved C. acknowledged D. experienced 35. A. entirely B. suddenly C. temporarily D. regularly 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Michael从澳大利亚来到中国，在中国学习、工作、生活十年的经历及感悟。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他高兴的是，中国没有让他失望。A. confuse使困惑；B. interest使感兴趣；C. encourage鼓励；D. disappoint使失望。根据前文“To his delight”可知，中国的情况符合他的期待，没有让他失望。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2015年冬天，他开始了在北京大学为期一年的汉语学习项目的冒险之旅。A. adventure冒险；B. career职业；C. performance表演；D. travel旅行。根据后文“a journey of completing a master’s, landing a job, and building a life”可知，这次留学是一段全新的人生经历，即他开始了一段冒险之旅。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从未想过那一年会延长到整整十年——完成硕士学位、找到工作、建立生活的旅程。A. recommended推荐；B. discovered发现；C. imagined想象；D. guaranteed保证。根据后文“that year would extend into a full decade”可知，这是超出他最初预期的情况，他从未“想象”过。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：北京新旧交融的活力立刻给迈克尔留下了深刻印象。A. conventional传统的；B. dynamic动态的，有活力的；C. practical实际的；D. complicated复杂的。根据后文“mix of old and new”可知，北京兼具现代感与古韵，呈现出充满活力的风貌。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代建筑矗立在古老的胡同旁，反映出一个充满活力的社会。A. explaining解释；B. proving证明；C. reflecting反映；D. meaning意味着。根据前文“Modern buildings stood beside ancient hutongs”可知，现代建筑与古老胡同并存，建筑风貌是社会状态的外在体现。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，住在这里塑造了他的世界观。A. promoted促进；B. directed指导；C. designed设计；D. shaped塑造。根据后文“his worldview”可知，生活经历对人的世界观具有塑造作用。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种洞察力来自日常生活——无论是街头小贩耐心地帮助他学会当地口音，还是陌生人在他生病时给他带来食物的默默善意。A. insight洞察力；B. secret秘密；C. comment评论；D. message信息。前文“He learned that there was no single way to live”是他从生活中得到的深刻领悟，根据后文“came through daily life”可知，这种洞察力来自日常生活。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. break down出故障；B. pick up学会；C. stick to坚持；D. put up with忍受。根据后文“the local tones”可知，街头小贩耐心地帮助他学会当地口音，pick up the local tones表示“学会方言发音”。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现了一种与国内更以自我为中心的生活方式不同的强烈的社区意识。A. dream梦想；B. picture图片；C. sense感觉；D. lifestyle生活方式。根据后文“of community”可知，他发现了一种强烈的社区意识，a sense of community是固定搭配，意为“社区意识”。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Michael见证了移动支付、共享单车和不断变化的城市景观的迅速崛起。A. inspected检查；B. challenged挑战；C. expected期待；D. witnessed见证。根据后文“the rapid rise of mobile payments, shared bikes, and ever-changing city views”可知，Michael身处中国，亲眼看到了这些变化。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次去朋友的家乡，都能看到新的道路、商店和公共建筑——这些都是中国惊人发展速度的明确证据。A. revealed显示，揭示；B. created创造；C. introduced介绍；D. preserved保存。根据后文“new roads, shops, and public buildings”可知，去朋友家乡的过程中看到了新的建设成果，revealed有“呈现、显露”的含义，符合语义。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. results结果；B. evidence证据；C. goals目标；D. symbols象征。根据后文“of China’s remarkable speed of development”可知，新的道路、商店等直观体现了中国的发展，是发展速度的“证据”。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一进步的背后是人民，他们的温暖和精神使中国成为他真正的家。A. opinion观点；B. competence能力；C. progress进步；D. confidence信心。根据前文“the rapid rise of mobile payments, shared bikes, and ever-changing city views”和后文“are the people, whose warmth and spirit made China a true home for him”可知，前文提到的移动支付、新建筑等都属于中国的发展成果，在这一进步的背后是人民。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，Michael觉得有责任宣传这个伟大的国家，他亲身经历了这个国家，并对此表示个人感谢，感谢这十年彻底改变了他的看法。A. adjusted调整；B. achieved实现；C. acknowledged承认；D. experienced经历。根据后文“a personal thank-you for the ten years”可知，Michael在中国生活了十年，对这个国家有亲身经历。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. entirely完全地；B. suddenly突然地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. regularly定期地。根据后文“changed his perspective”结合前文他世界观的转变和扎根中国的生活状态可知，这十年的经历彻底改变了他的观念。故选A。 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For centuries, the artist’s studio has been a place of solitary (独自的) struggle, with creative breakthroughs often attributed to the muse ____36____ mysterious external force. Yet till today, artificial intelligence (AI) ____37____ (step) into this field, bringing code that fundamentally challenges the romantic idea of inspiration, just as the muse once shaped modern understandings of creativity. The explosion in generative AI has caused a crisis. These tools can create complex images ____38____ (immediate). To traditionalists, this is automation. They argue that true art requires human experiences and ____39____ (pain) qualities that a chip can never possess. To them, the machine is a servant, rather than a partner. However, many artists are embracing the algorithm (算法), ____40____ (regard) it as a new form of muse. The process often begins with an indistinct idea. The artist feeds this into the AI, which responds with ____41____ (vary). Sometimes, the machine produces something unexpected ____42____ the human mind would never have conceived. In this dynamic, humans remain the operator. Inspiration ____43____ (emerge) from the probability of neural networks. History suggests that new technology will not kill art. Instead, it forces artists to focus on ____44____ makes them uniquely human. Ultimately, the magic happens in the friction (碰撞) ____45____ the prompt (指令) and the algorithm, where the artist remains the essential element. 【答案】36. a 37. has stepped 38. immediately 39. painful 40. regarding 41. variations 42. that 43. emerges 44. what 45. between 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了生成式AI介入艺术创作引发的争议。尽管传统派视其为威胁，但许多艺术家将其视为新灵感来源。人机协作并未扼杀艺术，反而促使人类聚焦于自身独特的创造力。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：数百年来，艺术家的工作室一直是一个独自奋斗的场所，而创作上的突破往往被归因于那位神秘的“灵感女神”——一种外在的力量。此处force为泛指，且mysterious是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：然而直至今日，人工智能（AI）已涉足这一领域，其所带来的代码从根本上挑战了那种关于灵感的浪漫观念，就如同缪斯女神曾塑造了人们对创造力的现代认知一样。根据上文Yet till today可知为现在完成时，主语为artificial intelligence，助动词用has，故填has stepped。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些工具能够立即生成复杂的图像。修饰动词create用副词immediately。故填immediately。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们认为，真正的艺术需要的是人类所经历的种种情感以及那些唯有人类才能具备的深刻特质，而这些是芯片永远无法具备的。修饰名词qualities用形容词painful作定语。故填painful。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，许多艺术家正在接纳这种算法，将其视为一种新的灵感来源。artists与regard之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填regarding。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：这位艺术家将这些内容输入到人工智能系统中，而该系统则会给出不同的回应。空处作介词的宾语，用名词variation，数量大于一用复数形式。故填variations。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有时，机器会制造出一些出乎人类想象的奇特产物。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词something unexpected，在从句作宾语，指物，只能用that。故填that。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：灵感源自神经网络的可能性。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Inspiration，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填emerges。 【44题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：相反，它促使艺术家们将注意力集中在那些彰显他们自身独特人性的方面上。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：最终，神奇之处在于提示与算法之间的相互作用过程中所发生的变化，而艺术家始终是这一过程中的关键因素。between...and...为固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。 第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会主席李华, 要在学校微博上发起关于“Online Safety”这一话题的讨论。请你写一篇英语博文，内容包括: (1)你的主张; (2)说明理由。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 Search this blog HOME PAGES CATEGORIES CONTACT Online Safety _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Online Safety Today I’d blog about a topic-how do you stay safe online? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information to steal your identity. Third, be polite. Remember, the more polite you are, the less likely you are to be attacked. Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice on staying safe? Post your comments below! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生作为学生会主席李华，在学校微博上发起关于“Online Safety”话题的讨论，并阐述自己的主张和理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 不舒服的：uncomfortable→uneasy 立即地：immediately→instantly 保护：protect→safeguard 有礼貌的：polite→courteous 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Someone might use the information to steal your identity. 拓展句：If someone gets the information, they might use it to steal your identity. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Remember, the more polite you are, the less likely you are to be attacked.（运用了the+比较级，the+比较级引导的比较状语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。 That morning, Lila had carefully checked her backpack: painting book, pencils, and the small toolbox from her grandfather, a retired mechanical repairman, who always said, “Better safe than sorry.” Though she wasn’t sure why she’d need tools for an art competition, she carried it anyway. The autumn rain had been pouring down endlessly, transforming roads into muddy streams. Lila, a seventeen-year-old art enthusiast with dreams bigger than her small town, stood totally hopeless at the bus stop, holding her painting book tightly. The last bus to the city’s annual art competition had left. Her lifelong dream seemed to slide away with every raindrop. For months, she had poured her soul into preparing her contest entry-a delicate watercolor capturing the town’s old bookstore. Just as hot tears of frustration welled up, the sound of tires approached. A rusty blue car, looking as worn and kind as its owner, pulled over. An elderly man with glasses and kind eyes rolled down the window. “You look like you could use a lift,” he said gently. After a moment’s hesitation, Lila explained her dilemma. “What a delightful coincidence! I’m heading to the city library myself,” the man said, introducing himself as Mr. Hale with a warm smile that wrinkled the corners of his eyes. Overflowing with gratitude, Lila climbed into the passenger seat. Noticing her painting book, he asked about her art. Hesitantly, she showed him her painting. “Why, that’s my old bookstore!” Mr. Hale exclaimed, his eyes lighting up. “You’ve captured its soul.” He shared how he had loved painting in his youth too, building an instant connection. Lila’s anxiety began to fade as they chatted about art and stories. However, as they neared the city limits, the car broke down. Mr. Hale tried repeatedly, but the engine died. He sighed apologetically. “It must have been the rain.” Lila’s heart sank. The competition venue was still a fifteen-minute drive away. The rain continued its steady rhythm against the windshield (挡风玻璃). She looked at her painting book, then at Mr. Hale’s worried face, the earlier warmth in the car replaced by an awkward silence. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lila reached into her backpack and pulled out the small toolbox. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When they finally arrived at the competition hall, the competition was about to begin. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Lila reached into her backpack and pulled out the small toolbox. “Maybe this can help,” she offered. Mr. Hale’s eyes lit up with renewed hope. Braving the rain, they popped the hood(引擎盖). With Lila assisting, the old man quickly spotted the issue — a loose battery cable. He selected a wrench from the toolbox and tightened it firmly. Upon turning the key, the engine roared back to life! They looked at each other, faces bright with triumph. The trusty toolbox, once an unnecessary weight, had become their salvation(救星). When they finally arrived at the competition hall, the competition was about to begin. Lila rushed in, breathless but grateful. She submitted her painting just in time. Later, she learned she had won the top prize. The true reward, however, was Mr. Hale’s invitation to hang her painting in his bookstore. Seeing her artwork displayed there, capturing the soul of the place she loved, she felt it more meaningful than any trophy. It was a perfect reminder of a day when preparation, kindness, and a little toolbox kept a dream alive. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了热爱艺术的Lila因错过去参加城市年度艺术比赛的公交车而感到绝望，此时Mr. Hale开车路过，主动提出载她一程。然而，快到城市边界时车却抛锚了，Lila和Mr. Hale陷入困境。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“莱拉把手伸进背包，拿出了那个小工具箱”可知，第一段可描写 Lila 拿出工具箱后，与 Mr. Hale 一起冒雨查看车的故障，Mr. Hale 凭借经验找到问题所在，然后利用工具箱中的扳手解决问题，让车重新发动。 ②由第二段首句内容“当他们最终到达比赛大厅时，比赛即将开始”可知，第二段可描写 Lila 匆忙进入比赛大厅，及时提交画作，最终赢得一等奖，且 Mr. Hale 邀请她将画挂在自己的书店，Lila 觉得这个经历比奖杯更有意义。 2.续写线索：拿出工具箱——解决车故障——赶到比赛场地——获奖——受邀挂画——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①帮助：help /assist ②发现：spot /find ③匆忙：rush /hurry 情绪类 ①希望：hope /expectation ②感激的：grgrateful /appreciative 【点睛】[高分句型 1] With Lila assisting, the old man quickly spotted the issue—a loose battery cable. (运用了 with 的复合结构) [高分句型 2] Later, she learned she had won the top prize. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参照秘密级管理★启用前 淄博市2025—2026学年度第一学期高三摸底质量检测 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号等填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What is the woman going to do next? A. Do an experiment. B. Offer the man a lift. C. Pick up her kids. 2. Who will be absent from dinner this weekend? A. Lisa. B. Bob. C. Dave. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Traffic lights. B. Color blindness. C. Eye glasses. 4. What does the woman want to do most at the club? A. Read Shakespeare’s plays. B. Visit Shakespeare festivals. C. Act in Shakespeare’s plays. 5. What time does the man want the woman to set her alarm for? A. 5:30. B. 6:00. C. 7:00. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When will the man receive a medical check-up? A. This Wednesday. B. This Thursday. C. This Friday. 7. What medical test does the woman recommend to the man? A. An ECG. B. A blood test. C. A chest X-ray. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。 8. What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Couple. 9. What is Henry most probably interested in? A. Playing sports. B. Exploring nature. C. Creating artworks. 10. What will the man probably do next? A. Look for a newspaper. B. Go on the Internet. C. Make a phone call. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How does the woman feel about going to France? A Nervous. B. Excited. C. Proud. 12. Which year of college is the man probably in now? A. The second year. B. The third year. C. The fourth year. 13. What will the woman probably do after getting to France? A. Take a part-time job. B. Start a new hobby. C. Join a student club. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What is the man’s attitude toward the new rule? A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. 15. Why does the man mention a national survey? A. To show children have too much screen time. B. To prove some websites are helpful. C. To explain games harm kids. 16. What is the main problem for the woman’s son? A. Poor social skills. B. Physical tiredness. C. Low grades. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who inspired the speaker to start skiing? A. Her mother. B. Her father. C. Her brother. 18. What did the speaker do in 2018? A. She attended her first Olympic Games. B. She became a professional athlete. C. She started cross-country skiing. 19. What gave the biggest impression on the speaker at Beijing 2022? A. Receiving a medal. B. Entering four events. C. Being the flag bearer. 20. How does the speaker sound in the end? A. Humorous. B. Satisfied. C. Regretful. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节,满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Battery Management Systems: From Conventional to Intelligent With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy storage, battery management systems (BMSs) have grown essential, ensuring battery safety, extending lifespan, and boosting performance. Battery cells, even from the same production line, vary due to manufacturing tolerances and usage habits, risking imbalance, overcharging, and uneven heating without proper management. Fig. 1 Influence of cell behaviour on vehicle performance Limitations of Conventional BMSs (CBMSs) Conventional BMSs, developed in the early 1990s, only conduct basic monitoring of voltage (电压) current, and temperature via simple state estimation algorithms. They lack advanced functions such as predictive maintenance and have low accuracy in complex conditions. Innovation of Intelligent BMS (IBMS) To solve these issues, technologies like cloud computing, IoT (Internet of Things), and digital twin have been integrated, giving rise to Intelligent BMS (IBMS). It adopts an end-edge-cloud multi-layer architecture: end BMS collects real-time cell data, edge BMS processes time-sensitive tasks locally, and cloud BMS handles complex work. Artificial Intelligence further enhances monitoring accuracy. Fig. 2 Pyramid (金字塔) of hierarchy (分层结构) levels involved in building an advanced intelligent battery management system (IBMS) architecture. Challenges and Future of IBMS IBMS faces technical, social and commercial challenges. Yet it is the future of battery management, supporting EVs’ sustainable development. As technologies advance, these difficulties will be overcome, and IBMS is expected to become a standard for energy storage systems. 1. What is the main function of BMSs? A. To improve EV production efficiency. B To collect weather data for vehicle operation. C. To ensure battery safety and enhance performance. D. To reduce manufacturing tolerances of battery cells. 2. What can we learn from Fig. 1? A. Pack Behaviour is completely determined by external Weather Profiles. B. Vehicle Outputs, like Efficiency, are influenced by Cell Behaviour. C. Cell Degradation has little effect on the Vehicle Behaviour. D. Drive Profiles are a component of Vehicle Outputs. 3. What can be inferred about the IBMS architecture? A. It features a multi-level architecture. B. It fails to integrate digital twin into the structure. C. It mainly relies on cloud computing to process tasks. D. It has been widely applied to energy storage systems. B For the entire semester of my senior physics class, a quiet mystery unfolded daily. It wasn’t the complex laws on the board that ultimately stayed with me, but the consistent ten minutes of silence before each lecture began. Mr. Davies, known for his energetic and engaging teaching style, would enter the room, place his notes on the desk, and then simply sit. His gaze, often directed out the window at a towering pine tree, seemed distant. A cup of tea steamed and then cooled beside him, untouched. We, a group of typically restless seventeen-year-olds, initially fidgeted (躁动), whispered, and wondered. Was he tired? Disappointed in us? Daydreaming? As weeks passed, a gradual change occurred. The whispered questions died down. The restless movements stilled. Without a single word of instruction, the room learned to settle into a collective, respectful quiet. It became a strange, shared routine. I came to see it as his personal preparation time, a teacher’s brief mental shift from the chaos (混乱) of the world to the order of science. The truth, however, was far more serious and remained hidden for years. I learned it only at a class reunion, a decade later, from an old colleague of his. That very year, Mr. Davies’ wife had been battling a severe, long-term illness. Those silent minutes were not for preparation, but for preservation — his only private moment to gather enough strength to face us, to perform the role of the lively teacher we all expected. He neither mentioned it nor let the shadow cross his classroom doorway. Yet, in that unspoken, shared space, he taught a lesson more profound than any curriculum could contain. We had unknowingly witnessed quiet dignity, the immense strength required to bear personal burdens while faithfully fulfilling one’s duties. The classroom, I realized, had held not just a teacher of physics, but a man teaching, through simple example, the weight and grace of adulthood. 4. Why is Mr. Davies described as still and distant? A. To stress his lively teaching style. B. To imply an unknown personal struggle. C. To cause the students’ initial confusion. D. To suggest a fading passion for teaching. 5. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The single word of instruction. B. The shift in students’ behavior. C. The time for mental preparation. D. The process of settling into silence. 6. How does the author feel about Mr. Davies? A. Sympathetic about his personal hardship. B. Curious about his unusual behavior. C. Respectful of his powerful quiet. D. Impressed with his self-control. 7. What does the story show? A. The strength hidden in silence. B. A curriculum given by a teacher. C. The mystery revealed in physics class. D. A misunderstanding corrected after a decade. C Depression has long been attributed to (归因于) chemical imbalances in the brain. Yet, for many patients, standard treatments fail. This has fueled a search for alternative explanations, with the gut (肠道) bacteria emerging as a surprising candidate. Researchers from APC Microbiome, Ireland published a paper in the latest issue of Molecular Psychiatry, arguing that the community of tiny organisms in our gut produces substances that can signal the brain, influencing mood and behavior. Early animal studies were striking — transferring these organisms from depressed individuals into healthy mice could transfer depressive-like behaviors. Human studies soon followed, revealing distinct bacterial patterns in depressed patients. This research birthed the concept of “psychobiotics”: live bacteria intended to improve mental health. Early, small-scale trials reported promising results, capturing public imagination. Headlines declared bacteria as the new mood-improving drugs. However, the path from interesting association to proven treatment is difficult. Larger, more strict trials have produced mixed and modest outcomes. A critical obstacle is the bacterial community’s extreme individuality. What makes up a “healthy” bacterial community varies greatly between people, influenced by diet, genetics, and environment. A supplement (补充剂) containing good bacteria that helps one person may be ineffective for another. This complexity points to a deeper shift in perspective. The goal may not be to simply add a universal “happy bug”. Instead, the focus is shifting toward encouraging a healthy and diverse bacterial ecosystem as a whole. This ecosystem approach acknowledges that mental well-being might be supported not by a single type of bacteria, but by the collective function and stability of the entire community. Therefore, the real potential of this field may not be a simple pill, but a broader approach to mental healthcare. It suggests we view the body as a connected system, in which diet, lifestyle, and gut health are all tied to brain health. This doesn’t deny existing treatments but adds to the options available. Scientifically, the challenge is to go beyond mere links and establish clear cause and effect. For the public and patients, the task is to balance reasonable hope in new approaches with caution toward exaggerated or simplified solutions. 8. Why does the author mention the early animal studies? A. To demonstrate a direct cause of depression. B. To suggest a possible gut-brain influence. C. To highlight a breakthrough in treatment. D. To criticize the methods of animal testing. 9. What is the main challenge in developing “psychobiotics”? A. Insufficient researching funds. B. Negative effects of live bacteria. C. Public resistance to brand new ideas. D. Each person’s unique gut environment. 10. What is the author’s attitude towards “psychobiotics”? A. Cautious. B. Critical. C. Dismissive. D. Skeptical. 11. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Gut-Mind Connection: A New Way to Cure Depression B. From Mice to Humans: How Gut Bacteria Influence Our Mood C. The Gut-Brain Link: Exploring a New Frontier for Mental Health D. The Excitement and Hope of Psychobiotics: Beyond the Clear Facts D The age-old belief that humans are superior to nature and non-human life is deeply rooted in traditions. Even in modern times, this belief continues, influencing how we view the natural world. Characteristics once considered unique to humans — such as intelligence, tool use, moral behavior, and the ability to feel pain — have now been observed in other species. Chimpanzees solve complex puzzles, crows craft and use tools, and fish exhibit clear responses to painful situations. Even plants, once thought passive, demonstrate sensory abilities comparable to our own. These discoveries challenge the long-held assumption of human exceptionalism. In The Arrogant Ape, primatologist Christine Webb critically examines this belief. She argues that the idea of human uniqueness contradicts evolutionary science, which emphasizes gradual differences between species rather than absolute distinctions. Webb warns that this mindset misleads scientific research — biologists often focus on primates (灵长类动物) and well-known mammals while neglecting the majority of Earth’s biodiversity. Additionally, unfair comparison — such as studying captive (圈养的) chimpanzees and free humans — further strengthen false ideas of superiority. Concerned about ethical issues and unreliable data from lab studies, Webb conducts her research only in natural habitats or refuges for apes. Her observations suggest that many non-human beings likely possess some form of consciousness. Critics dismiss such claims as anthropomorphism (类人化). However, Webb argues against that refusing to acknowledge cross-species similarities creates unnecessary barriers in science. She also points out the double standard: while human cognition is accepted without question, animal intelligence is often dismissed without sufficient evidence. Webb argues that abandoning human exceptionalism is crucial for solving global crises. Zoonotic diseases mass extinctions, and climate change all result from humanity’s damaging relationship with nature. By recognizing our place within the natural world and integrating the knowledge of native people about ecological balance — we can rebuild sustainable connections with the environment. Eventually, letting go of outdated superiority myths may inspire stronger support for animal welfare and the planet’s health. 12. What does the first paragraph talk about? A. An explanation of a religious belief. B. New findings about animal behavior. C. Different views on human superiority. D. A comparison between humans and animals. 13. What view does Webb hold on human exceptionalism? A. It corresponds with evolutionary science. B. It leads to too many studies on primates. C. It encourages humans to treat animals better. D. It narrows research focuses and methods. 14. Why does Webb intend to study apes only in habitats or refuges? A. To avoid the ethical problems of captive research. B. To simplify the process of collecting research data. C. To prove apes are more intelligent than other animals. D To focus on the most “popular favored” mammal species. 15. Which statement would Webb most likely to agree with? A. Beliefs about human superiority are updated. B. Humans need to change their sense of superiority. C. Economic growth holds greater significance than environment. D. The knowledge of natives about ecological balance is outdated. 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Global environmental problems pose a serious threat to world food security. Solving these issues is key to ensuring future food supplies, especially for at-risk communities that depend on farming. ____16____ The difficulties we face are enormous. Higher temperatures, unpredictable rain, and severe weather harm crop growth and pressure water supplies. Meanwhile, harmful farming methods worsen land conditions, affecting about one-quarter to nearly half of the Earth’s land. ____17____ It reduces soil quality and biodiversity, weakens nature’s ability to recover and harms farming that supports more than 3.2 billion people. People who are already struggling suffer most. Small-scale farmers and herders in poorer areas often rely on unpredictable rainfall and work on already poor land. ____18____ This puts their way of life and local food supplies in danger, increasing hunger risks. Yet these challenges also encourage positive change. ____19____ Methods like growing drought-tolerant crops, planting cover crops, and using water-saving irrigation improve soil, save water, and store carbon. For example, moving animals between grasslands also helps the environment recover. By combining modern science with local experience, we can build stronger farming systems, shifting from exploiting nature to cooperating with it. ____20____ To achieve this goal, we need better policies prioritizing food security, more support for research and technology sharing, and education for farmers and the public. By linking science, policy, traditional knowledge, and local action, we can turn these threats into chances for a better food system. A. Looking ahead a united global effort is essential. B. Such damage speeds up the loss of species worldwide as well. C. Using sustainable land management provides a vital pathway. D. In fact, people believe that the problems can be solved by new technology. E. As a result, these groups are asking for direct food aid from other countries. F. Therefore, they find it hard to deal with climate change, especially with extra pressures. G. These problems also encourage us to find new technology and live in harmony with nature. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Michael arrived in China from Australia with curiosity, yet unsure of what to expect. To his delight, China did not ____21____ him. In the winter of 2015, he began his ____22____ at Peking University, for a one-year Chinese language learning program. He never ____23____ that year would extend into a full decade — a journey of completing a master’s, landing a job, and building a life. Beijing’s ____24____ mix of old and new struck Michael immediately. Modern buildings stood beside ancient hutongs, ____25____ a society full of life. More importantly, living here ____26____ his worldview. He learned that there was no single way to live. This ____27____ came through daily life — whether through the patience of a street salesman helping him ____28____ the local tones, or the quiet kindness of a near-stranger who brought him food when he was ill. He found a strong ____29____ of community different from the more self-focused way of life back home. While Michael was adapting, China itself was transforming. Michael ____30____ the rapid rise of mobile payments, shared bikes, and ever-changing city views. Each visit to a friend’s hometown ____31____ new roads, shops, and public buildings — all clear ____32____ of China’s remarkable speed of development. Behind this ____33____ are the people, whose warmth and spirit made China a true home for him. Now Michael feels it a responsibility to promote the great country he ____34____ a personal thank-you for the ten years that ____35____ changed his perspective. 21. A. confuse B. interest C. encourage D. disappoint 22. A. adventure B. career C. performance D. travel 23. A. recommended B. discovered C. imagined D. guaranteed 24. A. conventional B. dynamic C. practical D. complicated 25. A. explaining B. proving C. reflecting D. meaning 26. A. promoted B. directed C. designed D. shaped 27. A. insight B. secret C. comment D. message 28. A. break down B. pick up C. stick to D. put up with 29. A. dream B. picture C. sense D. lifestyle 30. A. inspected B. challenged C. expected D. witnessed 31. A. revealed B. created C. introduced D. preserved 32. A. results B. evidence C. goals D. symbols 33. A. opinion B. competence C. progress D. confidence 34. A. adjusted B. achieved C. acknowledged D. experienced 35. A. entirely B. suddenly C. temporarily D. regularly 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For centuries, the artist’s studio has been a place of solitary (独自的) struggle, with creative breakthroughs often attributed to the muse ____36____ mysterious external force. Yet till today, artificial intelligence (AI) ____37____ (step) into this field, bringing code that fundamentally challenges the romantic idea of inspiration, just as the muse once shaped modern understandings of creativity. The explosion in generative AI has caused a crisis. These tools can create complex images ____38____ (immediate). To traditionalists, this is automation. They argue that true art requires human experiences and ____39____ (pain) qualities that a chip can never possess. To them, the machine is a servant, rather than a partner. However, many artists are embracing the algorithm (算法), ____40____ (regard) it as a new form of muse. The process often begins with an indistinct idea. The artist feeds this into the AI, which responds with ____41____ (vary). Sometimes, the machine produces something unexpected ____42____ the human mind would never have conceived. In this dynamic, humans remain the operator. Inspiration ____43____ (emerge) from the probability of neural networks. History suggests that new technology will not kill art. Instead, it forces artists to focus on ____44____ makes them uniquely human. Ultimately, the magic happens in the friction (碰撞) ____45____ the prompt (指令) and the algorithm, where the artist remains the essential element. 第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会主席李华, 要在学校微博上发起关于“Online Safety”这一话题的讨论。请你写一篇英语博文，内容包括: (1)你的主张; (2)说明理由。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 Search this blog HOME PAGES CATEGORIES CONTACT Online Safety _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 That morning, Lila had carefully checked her backpack: painting book, pencils, and the small toolbox from her grandfather, a retired mechanical repairman, who always said, “Better safe than sorry.” Though she wasn’t sure why she’d need tools for an art competition, she carried it anyway. The autumn rain had been pouring down endlessly, transforming roads into muddy streams. Lila, a seventeen-year-old art enthusiast with dreams bigger than her small town, stood totally hopeless at the bus stop, holding her painting book tightly. The last bus to the city’s annual art competition had left. Her lifelong dream seemed to slide away with every raindrop. For months, she had poured her soul into preparing her contest entry-a delicate watercolor capturing the town’s old bookstore. Just as hot tears of frustration welled up, the sound of tires approached. A rusty blue car, looking as worn and kind as its owner, pulled over. An elderly man with glasses and kind eyes rolled down the window. “You look like you could use a lift,” he said gently. After a moment’s hesitation, Lila explained her dilemma. “What a delightful coincidence! I’m heading to the city library myself,” the man said, introducing himself as Mr. Hale with a warm smile that wrinkled the corners of his eyes. Overflowing with gratitude, Lila climbed into the passenger seat. Noticing her painting book, he asked about her art. Hesitantly, she showed him her painting. “Why, that’s my old bookstore!” Mr. Hale exclaimed, his eyes lighting up. “You’ve captured its soul.” He shared how he had loved painting in his youth too, building an instant connection. Lila’s anxiety began to fade as they chatted about art and stories. However, as they neared the city limits, the car broke down. Mr. Hale tried repeatedly, but the engine died. He sighed apologetically. “It must have been the rain.” Lila’s heart sank. The competition venue was still a fifteen-minute drive away. The rain continued its steady rhythm against the windshield (挡风玻璃). She looked at her painting book, then at Mr. Hale’s worried face, the earlier warmth in the car replaced by an awkward silence. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lila reached into her backpack and pulled out the small toolbox. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When they finally arrived at the competition hall, the competition was about to begin. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $