2026年中考英语二轮复习语法课件：专题六形容词与副词

专题六 形容词与副词 1 形容词 形容词是描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词类,主要用来修饰名词或部分代词。 1. 形容词的用法 功能 位置 例句 作定语 名词之前、不定代词之后 She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。 I have something important to say. 我有重要的事情要说。 作表语 系动词之后 It’s very cold today.今天非常冷。 作宾语 补足语 在keep,make,leave等动词的宾语之后 You must keep the classroom clean. 你必须保持教室干净。 3 2. 形容词的构成 类别 构成方法 意义 例词 名词变 形容词 (后缀) 表示天气的名词 -y 充满……的,多……的 cloud—cloudy sun—sunny 表示方位的名词 -ern ……方位的, 朝……方的 west—western south—southern 表示称谓的名词 -ly ……般的 friend—friendly 表示时间的名词 -ly 每……的 week—weekly day—daily 表示物质的名词 -en/-y ……制成的,……般的 wood—wooden sand—sandy 表示国家的名词 -n ……的,……人的 America—American Russia—Russian 类别 构成方法 意义 例词 名词变 形容词 (后缀) 其他名词 -ful ……的,有……的 care—careful beauty—beautiful -y ……的 luck—lucky health—healthy -ous 有……的 humor—humorous danger—dangerous -less 不……的,无……的 home—homeless hope—hopeless 形容词变 反义词(前缀) un+形容词 不……的 healthy—unhealthy happy—unhappy im+以m/b/p开头的形容词 polite—impolite possible—impossible dis+形容词 honest—dishonest 多个形容词作前置定语修饰名词时的顺序: 如:a nice large square old brown wooden table 一张又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌 副词 副词是指在句中表示动作或状态特征的词,常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度等概念。 1. 副词的分类 分类 用法 例词 时间副词 一般位于句首或句末 now,then,tomorrow,ago,soon,recently 地点副词 一般位于句末,与动词连用时不加介词 here,there,home,in,out,inside,down,up,upstairs,downstairs,above,back,over 方式副词 描绘动作发生的方式,一般位于动词之后 carefully,easily,fast,happily,loudly,quickly,slowly,suddenly 分类 用法 例词 程度副词 描绘行为、动作或状态的程度,一般位于所修饰的形容词或副词之前,情态动词或助动词之后 much,a little,very,enough, quite,rather,too,nearly,so,really 频度副词 描绘一定时间内动作发生的次数,一般位于实义动词之前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后 always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,seldom,never 疑问副词(组) 构成特殊疑问句,位于句首 where,when,why,how,how long,how often,how far,how soon,how old,how much 连接副词 连接句子或引导宾语从句 however,therefore,how,when,where,why 关系副词 引导定语从句 where,when,why 2. 副词的用法 功能 用法 例句 作状语 修饰形容词、副词,一般位于被修饰词之前 Bill is very tall.比尔非常高。 修饰动词,一般位于被修饰动词之后 He jumps high.他跳得高。 位于句首,修饰整个句子 Luckily, he won the game. 幸运的是,他赢得了比赛。 作表语 位于系动词之后,常用来表示时间或方位上的变化 Class is over.下课了。 作宾语补足语 位于动宾结构之后 We found Li Hua out when we arrived.当我们到的时候,发现李华出去了。 作后置定语 一般位于被修饰词之后 Life here is rich and interesting. 这儿的生活富足且有趣。 3. 副词的构成 部分副词是由形容词+ly变化而来的,其变化规则如下: 形容词种类 构成方法 例词 一般情况 词后加-ly quick—quickly slow—slowly 辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 变y为i,再加-ly happy—happily heavy—heavily 以y结尾的单音节词 词后加-ly shy—shyly dry—dryly 以e 结尾 开音节词 词后加-ly wide—widely polite—politely 元音字母+e结尾 去e加-ly true—truly 以le结尾 去e加-y possible—possibly terrible—terribly 特殊变化 good—well 形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词和副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分。通常as … as是原级的标志;than,much,even,still,far,a lot,a little 等是比较级的标志;the,in,of all,among,one of等是最高级的标志。 1. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和少数双 音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est slow fast slower faster slowest fastest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r或-st large late larger later largest latest 以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est big fat hot thin bigger fatter hotter thinner biggest fattest hottest thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er或-est easy early easier earlier easiest earliest 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 部分双 音节词 和多音节词 在词前加more或most boring carefully more boring more carefully most boring most carefully (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther(较远) farthest(最远) further(进一步) furthest(最大限度的,最大程度的) old older (一般用于含than的比较句中,表示年纪较大的) oldest (一般用于含最高级的比较句中,表示年纪最大的) elder (主要表明两人的长幼关系,常用作定语) eldest (最年长的,主要表明几人的长幼关系,常用作定语) 2. 形容词、副词原级的用法 结构 含义 例句 as +形容词/副词原级+ as 与……一样 She is as tall as her mother. 她和她的妈妈一样高。 A+谓语动词+not as/so+原级+as+B A不如B…… The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.这儿的天气不如武汉热。 A+谓语动词+倍数+as+原级+as+B A是B的……倍 Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。 3. 形容词、副词比较级的用法 结构 含义及用法 例句 比较级+than 两者比较,表示一方超过另一方 China is larger than Italy. 中国比意大利大。 less+原级+ than(此结构不用于单音节词) 两者比较,表示一方不及另一方 He thinks English is less important than Chinese.他认为英语不如汉语重要。 比较级+and +比较级 越来越……,多音节词用“more and more+原级” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。 the+比较级, the+比较级 越……,就越…… The more, the better.多多益善。 结构 含义及用法 例句 the+比较级+of the two+名词复数 两者中较……的一个 John is the cleverer of the two boys. 约翰是两个男孩中较聪明的那个。 A+谓语动词+倍数+比较级+than+B A比B……倍 Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亚洲的面积比欧洲大三倍。 4. 形容词、副词最高级的用法 结构 含义 例句 the+最高级+of/in+比较范围 表示三者或三者以上人或物的比较,意为“最……” think spring is the best season of the year. 我认为春天是一年中最好的季节。 the+序数词+最高级+名词+范围 第几最…… Mike is the second tallest boy in his class.迈克是他们班上第二高的男孩。 one of the +最高级+名词复数+范围 最……之一 Kobe is one of the best basketball players in the NBA. 科比是NBA最好的篮球运动员之一。 注:(1)副词最高级前的the可以省去。 (2)在运用最高级的句子中,句末常用of/in/among等短语来说明比较的范围。如: Jenny sings (the) most beautifully of the three.珍妮是三人之中唱得最动听的。 (3)用比较级时要避免与自身进行比较,若比较的对象属于同一范围,可用以下含原级或比较级形式的句型表达最高级的含义,含义为“比其他……都……” 如:Lin Tao is the tallest student in his class.林涛是他班上最高的学生。 比较级+than+ = 一、单项选择 ( )1. (2025 连云港改编)Dolphins are good at driving fish to the coast. Fishermen often work with them to catch fish. A. heavily B. closely C. slowly ( )2. (2025 连云港改编)A local charity organization teaches the disabled skills to find jobs on their own. A. lively B. strict C. practical B C ( )3. (2025 天津改编)When you are in danger, you should keep _ and try to find some help. A. simple B. calm C. lazy ( )4. (2025 天津改编)Lingling is one of students in my class. She is always ready to offer help. A. helpful B. more helpful C. the most helpful B C ( )5. (2025 天津改编)Sally can cook so well that she will not get hungry at home. A. loudly B. certainly C. suddenly ( )6. (2025 安徽改编)—Saying “Would you please …” is a good way to ask somebody to do something. —Yes. It makes you sound . A. straight B. polite C. funny B B ( )7. (2025 安徽改编)Every time I felt down, my best friend would say to me, “Everything will be fine.” A. relatively B. safely C. softly ( )8. (2025 天水改编)City life is full of opportunities. Country life, however, is and more peaceful. A. dearer B. quieter C. busier ( )9. (2025 扬州改编)With hard work and clear plans, you will become in your study. A. successful B. honest C. generous C B A ( )10. (2025 江西改编)After many years of trying, I achieved my dream. A. finally B. quite C. ever ( )11. (2025 江西改编)—Dad, could I spend my pocket money on beautiful dresses? —It’s OK. But I think spending it on books is . A. less meaningful B. less comfortable C. more meaningful A C ( )12. (2025 云南改编)Journey to the West is one of classic novels in China. People like reading it. A. famous B. more famous C. the most famous ( )13. (2025 达州)—If people drive cars, there will be air pollution. —I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better. A. fewer; less B. less; fewer C. more; less C A ( )14. (2025 遂宁改编)—Be careful! The traffic light is red. It’s to cross the street now. Wait a minute. —Thank you for reminding me. A. busy B. dangerous C. crowded ( )15. (2025 福建)Harbin held the 9th Asian Winter Games in February 2025. A. quickly B. suddenly C. successfully B C ( )16. (2025 成都)Mount Gongga is the mountain in Sichuan, higher than any other in this area. A. high B. higher C. highest ( )17. (2025 绥化)Lin Tao ran to get the first place in the 100-metre race. A. enough fast B. fast enough C. slow enough ( )18. (2025 福建)—Mom, let’s go to the supermarket. —Wait a moment. It’s to make a shopping list first. A. wise B. friendly C. difficult C B A ( )19. (2025 齐齐哈尔)I’m worried about my friend because I haven’t heard from him . A. exactly B. suddenly C. recently ( )20. (2025 福建)AI technology in China has developed than anyone expected. A. fast B. faster C. fastest C B 二、完形填空 Smokey Bear is a made-up character. Rangers(护林员) use Smokey to tell about the danger of forest fires. They want people to be 1 in the woods. Smokey says, “Only you can prevent forest fires.” Smokey tells people to be 2 in the woods. ( )1. A. relaxed B. safe C. healthy ( )2. A. careful B. easy C. worried B A He says to tell a ranger if you smell smoke or see fire, get away from the fire 3 . Heavy smoke can make it 4 to breathe. Forest fires give off so much heat that plants can die. It is too hot for them to grow 5 . ( )3. A. quietly B. completely C. quickly ( )4. A. hard B. normal C. impossible ( )5. A. instead B. yet C. anymore C A C $