五大基础时态（讲义）-2025-2026学年译林版（三起）英语四年级上册

该小学英语小升初复习讲义聚焦五大基础时态（一般现在时、现在进行时等），通过时态核心理解（状态+时间+态度）的系统梳理，结合表格化呈现关键要素，再以填空、选择、段落及情感对比题分层练习，帮助学生掌握时态构成与语境应用。 亮点在于情感化对比教学与语篇实践结合，如设计“一般现在时表事实”与“现在进行时表抱怨”的对比题，培养思维品质；通过段落填空整合多时态运用，提升语言能力。规律总结助学生掌握判断策略，教师可依此精准教学，高效提升学生时态运用能力。

南京市六年级译林英语课后专题 语法专题之英语五大基础时态讲解与综合练习 本材料系统讲解并练习以下五种核心英语时态： · 一般现在时（Simple Present） · 现在进行时（Present Continuous） · 一般将来时（Simple Future） · 一般过去时（Simple Past） · 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 第一部分：时态系统讲解 一、时态的核心理解：状态（State） + 时间（Time） + 说话人态度（Meaning） 英语时态不仅说明什么时候发生，还说明： 1动作是否完成2是否正在进行3是否反复发生 说话人对事情的态度（客观陈述 / 强调过程 / 带有情绪） 英语时态 = 事情发生的时间 + 事情发生时的状态 不同时间 + 不同状态 = 不同的时态 时间（Time）：现在 / 过去 / 将来 状态（State）： 一般状态（习惯、事实、完整动作） 进行状态（正在发生、过程中的动作） 二、五大时态逐一讲解 一般现在时（Simple Present） 内容 时间 现在（now） 状态 一般状态（不强调动作正在发生） 核心表达 习惯、事实、客观真理、固定状态 构成 主语 + 动词原形第三人称单数：主语 + 动词第三人称单数（-s / -es） 判断原则 先看时间副词 → 再判断时间 → 最后确定状态 → 决定动词形式 信号词 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, once a week 规律 有频率副词 → 多用一般现在时主语是第三人称单数 → 动词加 -s / -es 用法举例 习惯：I get up at six.事实：The sun rises in the east.状态：She likes milk. 现在进行时（Present Continuous） 内容 时间 现在 状态 进行状态（动作正在发生） 构成 主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing 判断原则 先看时间副词 → 再判断时间 → 最后确定状态 → 决定动词形式 信号词 now, right now, at the moment, look!, listen! 规律 出现“正在……”语境 → 进行时 用法举例 正在发生：I am reading now.现阶段：She is working in Beijing. 一般将来时（Simple Future） 内容 时间 将来 状态 一般状态（尚未发生） 构成 主语 + will + 动词原形主语 + be going to + 动词原形 判断原则 先看时间副词 → 再判断时间 → 最后确定状态 → 决定动词形式 信号词 tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon 规律 时间在将来 → 动词不变，用 will / be going to 用法举例 将来动作：I will visit my grandma.计划打算：She is going to study English. 一般过去时（Simple Past） 内容 时间 过去 状态 一般状态（动作已完成） 构成 主语 + 动词过去式 判断原则 先看时间副词 → 再判断时间 → 最后确定状态 → 决定动词形式 信号词 yesterday, last night, ago, in 2020 规律 有明确过去时间 → 动词用过去式 用法举例 过去完成：I went to school yesterday. 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 内容 时间 过去 状态 进行状态（过去某一时刻正在发生） 构成 主语 + was / were + 动词-ing 判断原则 先看时间副词 → 再判断时间 → 最后确定状态 → 决定动词形式 信号词 at that time, at 8 last night, when, while 规律 过去某一时刻正在进行 → 过去进行时 用法举例 过去进行：I was doing homework at 8.对比：When I came in, she was reading. 第二部分：综合练习 一、填空题 1. She usually ______ (get) up at six, even on weekends. 2. Look! The boys ______ (play) football. 3. I ______ (visit) my uncle tomorrow. 4. They ______ (have) a meeting yesterday. 5. We ______ (watch) TV at eight last night. 6. My father ______ (work) in a hospital. 7. Listen! Someone ______ (sing). 8. Lucy ______ (go) to the park last Sunday. 9. I ______ (study) English next year. 10. He ______ (do) his homework now. 11. They often ______ (eat) rice. 12. She ______ (write) a letter when I called her. 13. We ______ (finish) the work two hours ago. 14. Tom ______ (play) basketball tomorrow afternoon. 15. The dog ______ (run) in the yard now. 16. I ______ (see) him yesterday. 17. She always ______ (help) others. 18. They ______ (have) an exam next week. 19. He ______ (sleep) at this time last night. 20. We ______ (be) very happy yesterday. 二、选择题 21. She ____ to school every day unless it rains. A. go B. goes C. is going D. went 22. Look! The girl ____ with her cat under the tree. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. will play 23. I ____ my homework tomorrow evening, not tonight. A. do B. did C. am doing D. will do 24. He ____ TV at eight last night when the phone rang. A. watches B. watched C. is watching D. was watching 25. They ____ lunch now, so please don’t disturb them. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 26. My father usually ____ home very late on weekdays. A. get B. gets C. is getting D. got 27. Listen! Someone ____ at the door. A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. will knock 28. We ____ a meeting at this time yesterday. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having 29. Tom ____ his grandparents next week. A. visits B. visited C. is visiting D. visited 30. She ____ English for five years, so she speaks it well. A. learns B. learned C. is learning D. will learn 31. At that moment, I ____ what to say. A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. am not knowing D. won’t know 32. Every time he ____ late, the teacher gets angry. A. come B. comes C. is coming D. came 33. When I walked past the room, they ____ loudly. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. were talking 34. She ____ to music while she was doing her homework. A. listens B. listened C. is listening D. was listening 35. We ____ the work two hours ago, so we can rest now. A. finish B. finished C. are finishing D. will finish 36. Look at the clouds! It ____ soon. A. rains B. rained C. is raining D. will rain 37. He always ____ excuses when he makes mistakes. A. make B. makes C. is making D. made 38. At eight tomorrow morning, I ____ for the exam. A. prepare B. prepared C. am preparing D. will prepare 39. She ____ dinner when I arrived home. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking 40. They ____ basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play 三，段落填空题 Passage 1 Every morning, Tom g____ (get) up at six. He usually w____ (walk) to school because his home is not far away. Look! Today he i____ (run) very fast. That is because he i____ (be) late again. Passage 2 Yesterday afternoon, when I w____ (walk) past the park, some children w____ (play) football. At that time, an old man s____ (sit) on the bench and r____ (read) a newspaper quietly. Passage 3 It is seven o’clock now. My parents a____ (watch) TV in the living room, and my sister d____ (do) her homework. I u____ (listen) to music, but I will stop soon because I h____ (have) an online class tonight. Passage 4 Last night at eight, we w____ (have) dinner when the lights s____ (go) out suddenly. Everyone s____ (stop) talking and l____ (listen) carefully. Passage 5 Tomorrow is Saturday. I a____ (plan) to visit my grandparents. They l____ (live) in the countryside and always g____ (grow) vegetables by themselves. I t____ (think) we w____ (have) a great time there. Passage 6 While she w____ (do) her homework, her brother c____ (play) games next to her. Their mother o____ (cook) dinner in the kitchen at that moment. Passage 7 My father u____ (work) in a hospital. These days, he i____ (work) very hard because many patients n____ (need) help. Passage 8 Two years ago, I f____ (finish) primary school and e____ (enter) middle school. At first, I f____ (feel) nervous, but now I e____ (enjoy) my school life very much. Passage 9 Listen! Someone k____ (knock) at the door. I t____ (think) it i____ (be) the postman because he u____ (come) at this time every day. Passage 10 When I a____ (arrive) home yesterday, my mother c____ (cook) dinner and my father w____ (watch) TV. We h____ (have) dinner together after that. 四、情感类时态对比题（选择最合适的时态，体会不同情感、态度或语气的变化。每题只有一个正确答案。） 41. He always ____ late. I’m really tired of it.（长期事实 + 不满） A. come B. comes C. is coming D. came 42. He is always ____ late these days!（强烈抱怨） A. come B. comes C. coming D. came 43. She ____ my messages, so I’m used to waiting.（客观事实） A. ignores B. is ignoring C. ignored D. will ignore 44. She is ____ my messages again. I feel angry.（此刻情绪） A. ignore B. ignores C. ignoring D. ignored 45. I ____ him yesterday.（冷静叙述） A. meet B. met C. am meeting D. was meeting 46. I was ____ him when the accident happened.（过程 + 情绪） A. meet B. met C. meeting D. meets 47. He ____ TV every night.（习惯） A. watches B. is watching C. watched D. will watch 48. He is ____ TV now, so don’t disturb him.（正在进行） A. watch B. watches C. watching D. watched 49. She ____ about her future a lot.（长期状态） A. worries B. is worrying C. worried D. will worry 50. She is ____ about the exam right now.（当前焦虑） A. worry B. worries C. worrying D. worried 51. My father ____ home very late last night.（事实） A. comes B. came C. is coming D. was coming 52. My father was ____ home when I called him.（过程） A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 53. He ____ his homework already.（结果） A. finishes B. finished C. is finishing D. will finish 54. He was ____ his homework at that time.（背景动作） A. do B. did C. doing D. does 55. She ____ the truth, so she stayed calm.（已知事实） A. knows B. knew C. is knowing D. will know 56. She was ____ the truth slowly.（过程变化） A. know B. knew C. knowing D. knows 57. I ____ this movie many times.（客观评价） A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch 58. I was ____ this movie when you called.（被打断） A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches 59. He ____ careful with his words.（性格特征） A. is B. was C. is being D. will be 60. He is ____ very careful today. That’s unusual.（临时表现） A. be B. is C. being D. was 填空题答案与解析（1–20） 原则： 频率 → 一般现在 now / look / listen → 现在进行 yesterday / ago / last → 一般过去 at that time / when + 过去 → 过去进行 tomorrow / next → 一般将来 gets （usually + 习惯 → 一般现在，第三人称单数） are playing （Look! → 正在发生） will visit （tomorrow → 将来） had （yesterday → 过去完成动作） were watching （at eight last night → 过去某一时刻正在进行） works （职业、长期状态） is singing （Listen! → 现在进行） went （last Sunday → 过去） will study （next year → 将来） is doing （now → 正在进行） eat （often → 习惯，一般现在） was writing （when I called → 被打断的背景动作） finished （two hours ago → 过去） will play （tomorrow afternoon → 将来） is running （now → 正在发生） saw （yesterday → 过去） helps （always → 习惯，第三人称单数） will have （next week → 将来） was sleeping （at this time last night → 过去进行） were （yesterday → 过去） 二、选择题答案与解析（21–40） B goes （every day → 习惯 + 第三人称） C is playing （Look! → 正在进行） D will do （tomorrow evening → 将来） D was watching （at eight last night + when → 过去进行） C are having （now → 现在进行） B gets （usually → 习惯） C is knocking （Listen! → 现在进行） D were having （this time yesterday → 过去进行） C is visiting （next week + 已安排 → 现在进行表将来） B learned （for five years 是干扰，这里考五大时态，只能用过去事实） B didn’t know （at that moment → 过去心理状态） B comes （every time → 习惯） D were talking （when I walked past → 背景动作） D was listening （while + 过去进行） B finished （two hours ago → 过去） D will rain （Look at the clouds → 预测将来） B makes （always → 习惯） D will prepare （tomorrow morning → 将来） D was cooking （when I arrived → 背景） A play （every Sunday → 习惯） 三、段落填空题答案（Passage 1–10） Passage 1 gets / walks / is running / is （前半习惯，现在；Look! → 正在进行） Passage 2 was walking / were playing / was sitting / was reading （yesterday + when → 全部过去进行，背景描写） Passage 3 are watching / is doing / am listening / have （now → 现在进行；tonight → 一般将来） Passage 4 were having / went / stopped / listened （过去进行 + 突发事件） Passage 5 am planning / live / grow / think / will have （将来计划 + 客观事实） Passage 6 was doing / was playing / was cooking （while / at that moment → 过去进行） Passage 7 works / is working / need （职业事实 vs 现阶段忙碌） Passage finished / entered / felt / enjoy （ago → 过去；now → 现在） Passage 9 is knocking / think / is / comes （Listen! → 现在进行；every day → 习惯） Passage 10 arrived / was cooking / was watching / had （到家是过去完成动作，其余是背景） 四、情感类时态对比题解析（41–60） 核心规律： 一般现在：事实 / 性格 / 习惯 现在进行：情绪 / 抱怨 / 临时表现 一般过去：冷静叙述 过去进行：过程 + 情绪 B comes （always + 不满的事实） C coming （is always doing → 强烈抱怨） A ignores （长期事实） C ignoring （此刻情绪） B met （冷静叙述） C meeting （was doing → 过程） A watches （习惯） C watching （now → 正在进行） A worries （长期心理状态） C worrying （当前焦虑） B came （过去事实） C coming （was doing → 过程） B finished （结果） C doing （背景动作 B knew （过去已知事实） C knowing （逐渐意识到 → 过程） B watched （客观评价） C watching （被打断） A is （性格特征） C being （临时、不寻常的表现） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $