2026年中考英语复习专题课件：谓语动词的时态和被动语态

第二篇　语法突破方案 句法(二)　谓语动词的时态和被动语态 语境悟语法 考点跟踪练 语境实战练 课标考点导图 课标考点导图 2 语境悟语法 考点一 动词的各种形式 1.动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词 1 谓语动词的时态 类别 规则 例词 动词原形 无任何词形变化 be, learn, see 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s run→runs, like→likes 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, go→goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 特殊变化 have→has 现在分词 一般在动词原形后加-ing read→reading, drink→drinking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing sit→sitting, shop→shopping 以ie结尾的动词,先将ie变为y,再加-ing die→dying, lie→lying 3 语境悟语法 2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构 变化情况 规则 例词 规则变化 在动词原形后加-ed work→worked→worked 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried→carried 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live→lived→lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped, plan→planned→planned 不规则 变化 AAA型(即原形、过去式与过去分词均同形) cut→cut→cut, put→put→put ABB型(即过去式与过去分词同形) think→thought→thought ABC型(即原形、过去式与过去分词均不同形) do→did→done, go→went→gone ABA型(即原形与过去分词同形) come→came→come, run→ran→run 4 语境悟语法 考点二 一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时 ❘用法总结❘ 时态 构成 用法及标志词 一般现 在时 ①主语+动词原形/动词的三单形式(+其他) ②主语+am/is/are+其他 ①表示经常的或习惯性的动作 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理 ③在时间/条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来 [标志词:often, usually, sometimes, once a week等] 一般过 去时 ①主语+动词过去式(+其他) ②主语+was/were+其他 ①表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态;表示过去反复发生的动作 ②在时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 [标志词:yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 2020, just now等] 现在完 成时 主语+have/has+过去分词(+其他) ①表示动作在说话之前已完成,并对现在有影响 ②表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能继续进行下去 [标志词:ever, yet, never, already, recently, so far, in/during/over+时间段, for和since引导的时间状语等] 5 1.Today more and more foreigners 　　　　(be) interested in Chinese folk music.  2.Betty will ring me up when she 　　　　(reach) Shanghai tomorrow.  3.The little boy 　　　　(sit) down and read the book about animals.  4.(2025遂宁改编)So far, our country 　　 　　(make) great efforts in the environmental protection of rivers.   5.Aunt Gina has lived in this town for more than sixty years, so she 　　　　(know) it very well.  语境悟语法 are reaches ❘语境体悟❘ sat has made knows 6 6.Klaus returned every day that week and 　　　　(bring) more friends each time.  7.—Have you ever visited Shenyang EXPO Garden? —Yes, I 　　　　(visit) it last year.  8.My English 　　　　(improve) a lot since I used my teacher’s “Three Steps in Learning English” advice.  语境悟语法 brought visited has improved 7 语境悟语法 考点三 现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时 ❘用法总结❘ 时态 构成 用法及标志词 现在进 行时 主语+am/ is/are+现在分词(+其他) 表示说话时刻或现阶段正在进行的动作 [标志词:now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等] 过去进 行时 主语+was/were+现在分词(+其他) 表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作 [标志词:at that moment, at this time yesterday, at…o’clock yesterday evening等] 一般将 来时 ①主语+will/shall+动词原形(+其他) ②主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形(+其他) ①表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 ②表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 [标志词:tomorrow, next week, in+时间段, in 2028等] 8 语境悟语法 【小贴士】短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于how long提问的疑问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下: arrive→be here　begin/start→be on　die→be dead　leave→be away　go out→be out finish/end→be over　get up→be up　put on→wear/be in　open→be open join→be in/be a member of　close→be closed　borrow→keep　buy/get→have catch (a cold)→have (a cold)　marry→be married　fall ill/sick/asleep→be ill/sick/asleep 9 语境悟语法 1.Take the medicine and your headache 　 　　　(disappear) soon.  2.—Could you please help me with my math? —How about 20 minutes later? I 　　 　　(work) on my science project right now.  3.—It’s time to go. Is everybody here? —No, Helen isn’t here. She 　　 　　(arrive) in half an hour.  4.Yesterday when I got home from work, my brother 　　 　　(go) out for dinner, so he invited me to join him.   will disappear ❘语境体悟❘ am working will arrive was going 10 语境悟语法 5.—Do you know where my camera is? —Oh, your sister 　　 　　(take) photos with it now.  6.He came across an unknown poem while he 　 　　　(search) for something else. is taking was searching 11 语境悟语法 2 被动语态 考点一 被动语态的构成及用法 ❘用法总结❘ 1.被动语态的构成(以动词do为例): 时态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are+done 一般过去时 was/were+done 一般将来时 will/shall be+done或am/is/are going to be+done 含情态动词的 情态动词+be+done 12 语境悟语法 2.使用被动语态的情况 (1)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 (2)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻种植在中国南方。 (3)动作的发出者是某个事物。 13 语境悟语法 3.主动语态变被动语态的方法 【小贴士】有些感官动词/使役动词(如hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,必须将to还原。 14 语境悟语法 1.The first telephone 　 　　　(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  2.—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN floating holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival 　　　　(celebrate) widely in the world nowadays.  3.The future of education 　　　　(influence) greatly as AI technologies develop quickly.  4.If the science fiction film 　　 　　(translate) into English, it will be popular around the world.  5.(2025德阳改编)A bridge 　 　　　(build) in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.  was invented ❘语境体悟❘ is celebrated will be influenced is translated was built 15 语境悟语法 6.The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it 　　　　(send) to different places across the world every day.  7.—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it 　　 　　(organize) by our school green club to protect forests.  8.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world could 　　 　　(find) on the streets of Chang’an.  is sent was organized be found 16 语境悟语法 考点二 主动形式表被动意义 ❘用法总结❘ 1.look, smell, feel, taste, sound等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。 2.“need/require+doing”意为“……需要被做”,表被动意义,相当于“need/require+to be done”。 The door was broken and it needed repairing/to be repaired. 门坏了,需要修理。 3.“某物+write/open/sell等+其他”结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。 The toy shop opens every day except Monday. 这家玩具店除了周一每天都营业。 17 语境悟语法 1.Many people were badly hurt in the car accident. Some of them needed 　　 　　(operate) on at once.  2.—How do you find this kind of pen? —It 　　　　(write) so well that everyone in our class has got one.  3.—What do you think of the poem? —It’s a little bit long, but anyway, it 　　　　(read) well.  operating/to be operated ❘语境体悟❘ writes reads 18 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.(2025安徽改编)—The robots 　　 　　(race)each other to the finish line.  —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. 2.It seems that families are 　 　　　(spend) more and more time together.   3.(2025黑龙江改编)When Li Lei came into the room, his friends 　　　 　(prepare) for his birthday party.  4.After going through tens of thousands of tries, Zhou and his team 　　 　　(succeed) at last.  5.I 　　 　　(wash) the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor.  考点跟踪练 are racing spending were preparing succeeded was washing 19 6.(2025云南改编)The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I 　 　　　(see) it three times so far.  7.Nowadays, some best research reports on physics, biology, and math 　　 　　(write) in English.  8.In China, teenagers have to be 18 years old before they 　 　　　(allow) to drive a car.  9.(2025福建改编)Since last year, our school 　　　　(offer) free breakfasts to students in need.  10.The artists are 　 　　　(encourage) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.   考点跟踪练 have seen are written are allowed has offered encouraged 20 Ⅱ.从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空。 1.It was she that stole the box. She was 　　　　　to everyone!  2.So far, the girl 　　 　　　5 offers from the top universities in the world like Harvard University and University of Oxford.  3.(2025连云港改编)As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing 　　 　　fast in China now.  4.(2024绥化改编)He will be much healthier if he 　　　　enough exercise in his free time.  考点跟踪练 lying has received is developing help　eat　take　ask　receive　lie　develop　create　clean　water takes 21 5.(2024福建改编)When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he 　 　　　an old man cross the road.  6.(2025广元改编)A lot of new words 　 　　　every year. For example, “taikonaut” means “Chinese astronaut”.  7.(2024牡丹江改编)—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I 　　 　　some zongzi already.  8.(2024达州改编)—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must 　 　　　every day.  —OK, Mom. I’ll do it right now. 考点跟踪练 was helping are created have eaten help　eat　take　ask　receive　lie　develop　create　clean　water be cleaned 22 9.(2025北京改编)—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We 　 　　　vegetables in our school garden.  10.(2024江西改编)Ted preferred pop music when he 　　 　　about his favorite music in the interview.  考点跟踪练 watered was asked help　eat　take　ask　receive　lie　develop　create　clean　water 23 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.A clever English learner often 　　　　(guess) the meanings of the new words when he reads.  2.We had a school trip last month and I 　　　　(enjoy) every minute of it.  3.When Mom came home, Danny 　　　　(play) the piano in the living room.  4.They also look for ways to review what they 　 　　(learn).  5.Tomorrow I’ll visit my grandparents. I 　 　　　(play) chess with my grandpa.  6.(2025扬州)Recently, more and more people have 　　　　(choose) to visit Yangzhou during holidays.   语境实战练 guesses enjoyed was playing have learned/learnt will play chosen 24 7.—The plan for the summer study trip may 　 　　　(cancel).  —Really? I’m looking forward to it. 8.The book 　 　　　(read) by many people and was loved for its interesting story.  9.—Tom, hurry up! The traffic will be busy soon and we may be late for dinner. —Wait a minute, Mom. I 　　 　　(tidy) my bookshelf, and I’ll be ready in a minute.  10.Most of the rubbish in this town 　 　　　(recycle) every day through the rainbow recycling system.  语境实战练 be canceled/cancelled was read am tidying is recycled 25 11.(2025乐山改编)—Time for dinner, my girl. Please tell your father that dinner is ready. —Wait a minute, Mom. My dad 　 　　　(answer) a phone call.  12.(2025扬州改编)During Guyu, the temperature usually 　　　　(rise) a lot and rain increases.  13.(2025天津改编)The mobile phone 　　　　(ring) when I was making a cake with my mother.  14.China’s Beijing Library 　　 　　(regard) as the most anticipated public library nowadays.   语境实战练 is answering rises rang is regarded 26 15.(2025连云港改编)The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It 　　　 　(design) to help deal with food waste.  语境实战练 is designed 27 Ⅱ.短文填空 Lyu Linyou is a scientist who helps protect the environment in Zhangwu County. Zhangwu County 1.　　　　 on the edge of the Horqin Sandy Land. Sandstorms and dust storms 2.　　　　 a big problem in the past. At one point, 95% of the county was covered in desert land.  语境实战练 sits were sit　get　be　call　create　continue　know　learn　graduate　help　study 28 In 2004, Lyu Linyou 3.　　 　　 from college and he was only 24 years old then. The place he started working was 4.　　　　 the Provincial Institute(研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for more than 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute is 5.　　　　 as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences.  When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn’t know much about how to control sand. But with the help of his colleagues(同事) and local farmers, he quickly 6.　　 　　 how to do it.  语境实战练 graduated called sit　get　be　call　create　continue　know　learn　graduate　help　study known learned/learnt 29 In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu County grow back, Lyu has 7.　　　　 more than 400 different plants till now. He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. To our joy, his work shows how science 8.　　　　 protect the earth and make life better for ever. Because of his hard work, the grasslands in the area are 9.　　　　 healthier day by day.  语境实战练 studied sit　get　be　call　create　continue　know　learn　graduate　help　study helps getting 30 “Though I have made great progress, I will 10.　 　　　 to work hard non-stop to make sure that the environment is getting better and better,” he said. “And I am sure this will also 11.　　 　　 new jobs for the people in this area in the future.”  语境实战练 continue sit　get　be　call　create　continue　know　learn　graduate　help　study create 31 Ⅲ.语法填空 A In the area of Qian, there were no donkeys(驴). A man bought one from somewhere else, 1.　　　　 soon he found it useless. So he left the donkey at the foot 2.　　　　 a mountain.  A tiger in the mountain had never 3.　　　　(see) a donkey before. He 4.　　　　(think) it was a huge monster and felt scared. So the tiger 5.　　　　(hide) himself in the woods. He saw the donkey do nothing, but he still couldn’t make sure if it was safe.  语境实战练 but of seen thought hid 32 One day,when the tiger was 6.　　 　　(watch) the donkey, it suddenly brayed(嘶叫) loudly. The tiger was very frightened and thought he would 7.　　　 　(eat) by the donkey.However, the donkey was still at 8.　　　　 same place, without moving at all.  The tiger again got close to the donkey slowly and he got used to its bray. The tiger came much nearer and nearer, and even 9.　　　　(try) to touch the donkey. The donkey 10.　　　　(be) angry and kicked the tiger. The tiger 11.　　　　(feel) very happy and said to himself, “It can only bray.” The tiger jumped on the donkey, bit its throat, ate its meat, and went away proudly.  语境实战练 watching be eaten the tried was felt 33 B This summer, I 1.　 　　　(travel) to the Florida Keys with my parents. I 2.　　 　　(invite) to visit Ernest Hemingway’s old house and went fishing in the Atlantic.  In Hemingway’s home, I 3.　　 　　(attract) by the photos of Hemingway with the big fish he got. Hemingway was a good fisherman. His novels were based on his real-life experiences.  语境实战练 traveled was invited was attracted 34 The most exciting day 4.　　　　(be) when I went fishing with my parents. Fishing 5.　　 　　(consider) as a relaxing hobby, but I think it is hard work. After ten minutes of waiting, I felt 6.　　 　　(patient) and wanted to give up. But when I thought about my idol Hemingway, I 7.　　　 　(encourage) by his spirit. Half an hour later, a fish 8.　　　　(eat) my bait(鱼饵). I tried my best 9.　　　　(pull) the fishing line back. Finally, I pulled the fish into the boat.  If I 10.　　 　　(give) another chance, I will choose to travel there again. It was 11.　　　　(real) fun.  语境实战练 was is considered impatient was encouraged ate to pull am given really 35 $