Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking 课时作业-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions课时作业 Reading and Thinking 话题语块积累 1. I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past. —Ho Chi Minh 我不沉湎于过去的历史，而致力于未来的梦想。——胡志明 2. We can know gains and losses by learning from human beings and know rise and fall by learning from history. 以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴，可以知兴替。 基础练 I. 单词拼写（注意词形变化） 1. The reason which she gave for not coming to the party ________ (迷惑) all of the people present. 2. Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive, so we made a change to a place ________ (在附近) eventually. 3. I realised running was a ________ (战斗) against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. 4. He arrived at the ________ (港口), only to find everyone had gone. 5. As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will ________ (征服) English sooner or later. 6. “The future ________ (属于) to those who prepare for it today.”—this quote is to remind us every effort we make today is going to matter at some point in the future. 7. I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest ________ (货币) a reader can pay them. 8. The ________ (主管) of the department is eager to get the position of the manager. 9. Half a year later, David adapted to working in a new ________ (法律的) system and made great progress in his work. 10. To be honest, the ________ (军事的) training is such a meaningful and educational experience as is really worth memorising. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. The ________ (surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight, which almost takes our breath away. 2. We hold this meeting to show respect for the soldiers who died in ________ (defend) of our country. 3. The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many ________ (achieve) of the past. 4. To prove your point of view, you’d better provide convincing (令人信服的) ________ (evident). 5. I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my horizons as ________ improve my spoken English. 6. ________ (locate) in the centre of Sichuan Province, Chengdu is actually a basin. 7. In that country, children under sixteen are not ________ (legal) allowed to buy cigarettes. 8. The Battle of the Red Cliffs determined the balance among the three ________ (king), Wei, Shu and Wu. 9. The scenery there is so ________ (fascinate) that it is totally beyond description. 10. Only then did I realise that it was foolish of me to break ________ from all of my friends. Ⅲ. 短语填空 1. He was upset that the valuable watch __________ (属于) him was lost yesterday. 2. Nowadays, food safety has become the focus of the government __________ (和) the society. 3. The building ____________ (追溯到) Roman times has been rebuilt recently. 4. ________one section of the pipe________(把……和……连接起来) the next. 5. With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to ______________ (脱离) the union. IV. 单句写作 1. 【应用文佳句】如果你留意，你会惊奇地发现许多美丽的古木塔。(keep one’s eyes open) If you ____________________, you will be surprised to find many beautiful ancient wooden towers. 2. 【读后续写佳句】他发现自己被亲朋好友包围着。(surround) He found himself ____________ by friends and family. 3. 【应用文佳句】有一些证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。(evidence) __________________________ outdoor activities are good for us. 4. 【应用文佳句】作为一个青少年，我期待着探索不同的职业道路和迷人的世界。(as well as) As a teenager, I look forward to exploring different career paths ______________________________. 5. 【应用文佳句】不要强迫自己取得超出可能的成就。相反，你应该根据自己的能力和技能设定目标。(过去分词作定语) Don’t push yourself to achieve more than what is possible. Instead, you should set goals _____________ ____________________. 培优练 I. 阅读理解 A Celebrate! Birthdays in Mexico In Mexico, children often get piñatas(皮纳塔) on their birthdays. Their parents put chocolates and other sweets inside the piñata and hang it on a tree. Then the children hit the piñata with a stick. It breaks and the sweets fall out onto the ground. Business birthdays A business birthday shows that a company is successful. Many businesses in the USA celebrate important birthdays, like 10, 50 or 150 years. Companies hold parties and send cards. Sometimes they make TV advertisements. It is a good chance to advertise the business. Name days As well as a birthday, many people in Southern and Eastern Europe also celebrate their name days. In Greece, name days are more important than birthdays. People have big parties and open their houses to anybody who wants to come. People bring small gifts, often flowers or a box of sweets. Islamic New Year In Muslim countries across the world, people celebrate Eid. Eid means festival or celebration. During Eid, people visit family and friends, as well as people who are sick or in hospital. They give presents, such as sweets and food. Children receive toys, too. Children often wear special traditional clothes during the Eid celebrations. Birthdays in China In China, people often celebrate birthdays by eating with family or friends, and the last dish of the meal is always noodles. The noodles are long and thin. You have to eat them in one piece. You can’t cut them. In Chinese culture, long noodles mean you will have a long life. 1. Where do people celebrate business birthdays according to the text? A. In China. B. In Mexico. C. In America. D. In Greece. 2. How do Greek celebrate name days? A. Holding parties. B. Visiting parents. C. Wearing traditional clothes. D. Eating with family or friends. 3. Why do Chinese people eat noodles on their birthdays? A. Noodles in China are delicious. B. Noodles represent the reunion of family. C. Noodles are a traditional and popular food. D. Noodles symbolise longevity in Chinese culture. B It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 4. Why does the author mention Dr Johnson’s comment? A. Because Dr Johnson is famous. B. To show that most people agree with Dr Johnson. C. Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D. To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 5. According to the text, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A. Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B. There is nothing special about the English weather. C. The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D. English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 6. What does the underlined word “draws” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Explores. B. Attracts. C. Ensures. D. Digitises. 7. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the text? A. To analyse the weather in the UK. B. To explain what English weather-speak is about. C. To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D. To tell people that the English weather is changeable. Ⅱ. 七选五 Honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China. Despite the passage of time, honesty has been passed down as a mainstream value. 1. ________ A famous Chinese idiom (成语), yinuo qianjin, tells such a story. In the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE—24 CE), a general named Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has it that whenever Ji made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it. 2. ________ There was a saying widely spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold. 3. ________ During the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911), Li Daquan, a successful businessman in Shanxi province, was visited by a friend who came up with a new idea. In ancient China, carrying a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger. His friend proposed that a draft (汇票) be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was not only a promise to pay, but also a claim that an amount of coin equals to the specified amount and the draft could be cashed everywhere. Li readily agreed and kept his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers and a booming business. 4. ________ It is called the predecessor (前身) of the Chinese banking industry. His banking business eventually expanded into 35 branches across the country. Rishengchang has been preserved and turned into a museum now. In today’s China, the spirit of honesty is still well-respected. 5. ________ Their stories are broadcast across the country to set good examples and promote the virtue of honesty. A. China selects national role models every year. B. Everyone should follow suit and be an honest person. C. China is a country that values and rewards honesty. D. Honesty is priceless and honesty also brings creativity. E. Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good popularity. F. It is also shown in countless tales throughout China’s history. G. Li Daquan later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang. Ⅲ. 语法填空 The Spring Festival is the 1. ________ (important) and the biggest traditional festival in China. During the Spring Festival, Chinese people will take a series of traditional activities 2. ________ (celebrate) their reunion. But different parts of China have very different 3. ________ (custom). Here are the most typical traditions. On the days before the New Year, Chinese families give 4. ________ (they) houses a complete cleaning. 5. ________ (traditional), this should be done before the New Year’s arrival, because the Chinese people consider it very important to sweep away any bad luck in the past year. Besides, dust and dirt 6. ________ (connect) with “old” in Chinese culture, so cleaning the house and sweeping the dust represent bidding farewell to the past. Also, people will go shopping and buy new clothes for the festival. Chinese people believe that buying new items symbolises welcoming new things 7. ________ getting ready for a new year. Reunion dinner (nián yè fàn) is held on New Year’s Eve of the Chinese New Year, during which family members get together to celebrate. It is the most important dinner for Chinese and this is the best time for family reunion in the whole year, especially for those 8. ________ are far away from home. Children are supposed to return to their families. Married couples will go to the male’s relatives (and to the female’s relatives on 9. ________ second day of the festivities). In the New Year’s Eve dinner, normally fish will be served. Dumplings are the most important dish in Northern China. Other dishes are depending on 10. ________ (person) preference. Unit 4 History and Traditions课时作业 Reading and Thinking答案与解析 [基础练] I. 单词拼写 1. puzzled 2. nearby 3. battle 4. port 5. conquer 6. belongs 7. currency 8. chief 9. legal 10. military II. 单句语法填空 1. surrounding 2. defence 3. achievements 4. evidence 5. as 6. Located 7. legally 8. kingdoms 9. fascinating 10. away III. 短语填空 1. belonging to 2. as well as 3. dating from 4. Join; to 5. break away from IV. 单句写作 1. keep your eyes open 2. surrounded 3. There’s some evidence that 4. as well as the fascinating world 5. based on your abilities and skills 培优练 I. 阅读理解 A篇 答案与解析： 1. C 细节理解题。根据 Business birthdays 部分第二句 “Many businesses in the USA celebrate important birthdays, like 10, 50 or 150 years.” 可知，美国的许多企业都会庆祝重要的周年纪念日，比如 10 周年、50 周年或 150 周年。 2. A 细节理解题。根据 Name days 部分第二、三句 “In Greece, name days are more important than birthdays. People have big parties and open their houses to anybody who wants to come.” 可知，希腊人通过举办大型聚会来庆祝节日。 3. D 细节理解题。根据 Birthdays in China 部分最后一句 “In Chinese culture, long noodles mean you will have a long life.” 可知，在中国文化中，长面条意味着长寿。 B篇 答案与解析： 4. D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather... ‘When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.’” 可知，作者提到约翰逊博士的评论旨在说明英国人见面总是以谈论天气开始。 5. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” 可知，杰里米·帕克斯曼认为英国人谈论天气是因为天气的不确定性。 6. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，英国的天气变化无常，既吸引了英国人，也吸引了外地人。由此可知，draw 意为 “吸引”，和 attract 意思接近。 7. B 推理判断题。全文从英国人见面打招呼最常问天气引入主题，为什么英国人那么喜欢以天气为话题，通过对两个常见的错误观点的介绍，继而深层分析其文化根源——日常问候的方式、一种社会纽带。所以本文主要目的是解析英国人的 weather-speak 到底是关于什么的。 II. 七选五 语篇导读： 本文是一篇说明文。诚信一直是中国的传统美德，尽管时间在流逝，但诚信已经作为一种主流价值观传承下来。 答案与解析： 1. F 设空处位于首段段尾，应是承接前文，并引出后文。前文提到诚信是中国传统美德及主流价值观，后文举了两个中国历史上有关诚信的故事。F 项 “It is also shown in countless tales throughout China’s history.” 承前启后，符合文意。 2. E 根据前文介绍季布一诺千金的故事，以及后文流传的谚语可知，空处是过渡句，由介绍事件的过程，到这句话的结果。E 项 “Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good popularity.” 符合文意，是前面行为的结果。 3. D 设空处位于段首，应是本段的主旨句。根据后文李大全的故事可知，本段主要讲述了诚信带来了创造力。D 项 “Honesty is priceless and honesty also brings creativity.” 符合文意。 4. G 根据前文李大全的故事带来了生意兴隆，以及后文介绍中国银行业的先驱可知，空处是过渡句，由李的故事过渡到中国银行业。G 项 “Li Daquan later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang.” 符合文意。 5. A 根据前文 “In today’s China, the spirit of honesty is still well-respected.” 以及后文 “Their stories are broadcast...” 可知，空处应提到一些人，后文才说他们的故事。A 项 “China selects national role models every year.” 符合文意。 III. 语法填空 语篇导读： 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年期间人们的活动。 答案与解析： 1. most important 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空前的 the 可知，此处使用形容词最高级 most important “最重要的”作定语。 2. to celebrate 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为 will take，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。 3. customs 考查名词的数。根据空前 different 可知，此处使用名词 custom “风俗习惯”的复数形式。 4. their 考查代词。根据句意及空后的 houses 可知，此处使用形容词性物主代词 their “他们的”。 5. Traditionally 考查副词。此处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。 6. are connected 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语与动词之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数。 7. and 考查连词。welcoming new things 和 getting ready for a new year 为并列关系，应用连词 and。 8. who 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 those，指人，在从句中作主语。 9. the 考查冠词。空后为序数词 second，应使用定冠词 the。 10. personal 考查形容词。根据空后的名词 preference 可知，此处使用形容词 personal “个人的”作定语。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $