专题12 构词法(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026-01-23
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专题12 构词法 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 合成法 3 ★ 考点二 派生法 4 ★ 考点三 转化法 6 ★ 考点四 易混点辨析 7 04 优题精选·练能提分 8 考点 课标要求 复习目标 合成法 掌握常见合成词的构成规则,能识别并运用合成名词、形容词、动词 1. 系统掌握合成法、派生法、转化法三大核心构词法的规则; 2. 能快速识别不同构词法构成的单词,精准判断词义; 3. 熟练运用构词法技巧记忆单词、解答语法填空、完形填空等题型。 派生法 掌握前缀、后缀的常见含义及构成规则,能分析派生词的词性和词义 转化法 掌握单词词性转化的常见类型,理解转化后词义的关联 命题预测 构词法是英语的基础考点,常结合词汇运用题型考查。主要命题角度:派生词的拼写(语法填空)、词义猜测(阅读理解)、词性判断(完形填空)、合成词辨析(单项选择),尤其侧重前缀 un- /in-/dis-,后缀 - er /-or/-ful /-less/-ly 等高频考点。 解题锦囊 锦囊 1:“词根不变,词形推导”—— 根据词根含义+词缀功能,快速推断派生词词义; 锦囊 2:“词性对应,语境匹配”—— 转化词需结合语境判断词性(如 book 既可作名词 “书”,也可作动词 “预订”); 锦囊 3:“合成拆分,逐部分译”—— 合成词可拆分为核心部分,分别翻译后组合(如 toothbrush=tooth “牙齿”+brush “刷子”→牙刷); 锦囊4:“固定搭配,记准词形”—— 重点记忆高频派生词的拼写(如 care→careful→carefully→careless)。 考点一 合成法 1. 构成规则 由两个/多个独立单词直接连接(或加连字符),词义多为各部分含义结合。 2. 常见类型(含示例+易错点) 合成名词 名词+名词:toothbrush(牙刷)、bookstore(书店)、classroom(教室)→ 易错:不可拆 分记忆(如 homework = 家庭作业,非 “家+工作”) 动词+名词:breakfast(早餐)、pickpocket(扒手)、breakthrough(突破)→ 易错:需结合动作逻辑猜义 形容词+名词:greenhouse(温室)、blackboard(黑板)→ 易错:避免直译偏差 副词+名词:upstairs(楼上)、downstairs(楼下)→ 核心是名词,副词表方位 合成形容词 名词+形容词:snow-white(雪白的)、sky-blue(天蓝色的)→ 易错:连字符不可省,名词用原形 副词+现在分词:hard-working(勤奋的)、well-meaning(善意的)→ 现在分词表特征,副词修饰动作 数词+名词:five-year-old(五岁的)、100-meter(100 米的)→ 易错:连字符连接,名词必须用单数 形容词+现在分词:good-looking(好看的)、kind-hearted(好心的)→ 形容词修饰人/物特征 合成动词 副词+动词:download(下载)、upload(上传)→ 副词表动作方向 名词+动词:sunbathe(日光浴)、air-condition(空调)→ 名词表动作对象 形容词+动词:safeguard(保护)、quick-freeze(速冻)→ 形容词表动作结果 【易错提醒】 合成形容词带连字符时,名词用单数(a 100-meter race,非 100-meters) 合成名词复数:多数末尾变(bookstores),核心名词变(passers-by、sons-in-law) 1.(2025・山东济南)—What do you think of the ______ girl? She often helps the old cross the street. A. good-looking B. good-look C. looking-good D. look-good 2.(2025・江苏苏州)My little brother is a ______ (five-year-old) boy and he likes drawing very much. 考点二 派生法 1. 构成规则 词根+前缀/后缀→新单词(前缀改词义、不改性;后缀改词性、保原义) 2. 高频前缀 前缀 核心含义 适用词性 示例(词根→派生词) 高频度 un- 不、相反 形容词、动词 happy→unhappy、do→undo ★★★★★ in- 不、无 多音节形容词、名词 active→inactive、possible→impossible ★★★★☆ il- 不(in - 变体) 以 l 开头的形容词 legal→illegal、logical→illogical ★★★☆☆ ir- 不(in - 变体) 以 r 开头的形容词 regular→irregular、responsible→irresponsible ★★★☆☆ dis- 不、相反 动词、形容词、名词 like→dislike、honest→dishonest ★★★★★ re- 再次、重复 动词 write→rewrite、build→rebuild ★★★★☆ 3. 高频后缀 后缀 词性变化 核心含义 示例(词根→派生词) 高频度 -er 动/名词→名词(人/工具) 做某事的人/工具 teach→teacher、cook→cooker(炊具) ★★★★★ -or 动词→名词(人) 职业相关 act→actor、invent→inventor ★★★★☆ -ful 名词→形容词 充满…… 的 care→careful、help→helpful ★★★★★ -less 名词→形容词 无…… 的 care→careless、home→homeless ★★★★★ -ly 形容词→副词 …… 地 quick→quickly、happy→happily ★★★★★ -tion 动词→名词 动作/结果 invent→invention、educate→education ★★★★★ -ment 动词→名词 动作/状态 develop→development、agree→agreement ★★★★☆ -ness 形容词→名词 性质/状态 kind→kindness、happy→happiness ★★★★☆ -y 名词→形容词 多…… 的 sun→sunny、health→healthy ★★★★☆ 【易错提醒】 以 “y” 结尾形容词变副词:变 y 为 i+ly(easy→easily、busy→busily) 特殊变化:true→truly(去 e+ly)、argue→argument(去 e+ment) 同根词多词性:care→careful(形)→carefully(副)→carelessness(名) 1.(2025・广东广州)It’s ______ to finish the task in such a short time. We need more help. A. possible B. impossible C. possiblely D. impossibly 2.(2025・湖北武汉)The ______ (invent) of the smartphone has changed people’s life greatly. 考点三 转化法 1. 构成规则 词形不变,词性变化,词义与原词相关 2. 常见类型 转化类型 示例(原词→转化词) 原词性→新词性 原词义→新词义 语境判断技巧 名词→动词 book→book 名词→动词 书→预订 后接宾语(book a ticket) water→water 名词→动词 水→浇水 后接宾语(water flowers) 动词→名词 walk→walk 动词→名词 走→散步 前加冠词/形容词(a long walk) talk→talk 动词→名词 说→谈话 前加冠词/形容词(a friendly talk) 形容词→动词 open→open 形容词→动词 开着的→打开 后接宾语(open the door) clean→clean 形容词→动词 干净的→打扫 后接宾语(clean the room) 【易错提醒】 读音变化:record(名 /ˈrekɔːd/记录;动 /rɪˈkɔːd/记录)、desert(名 /ˈdezət/沙漠;动 /dɪˈzɜːt/抛弃) 固定搭配:have a walk(非 have walk)、take a look(非 take look) 1.(2025・浙江杭州)—Could you ______ me your pen? I left mine at home. —Sure, here you are. A. borrow B. lend C. book D. water 2.(2025・四川成都)My mother often ______ (walk) after dinner to keep healthy. 考点四 易混点辨析 1. 高频同根词辨析 词根 派生词 词性 核心含义 用法要点 interest interesting 形容词 令人感兴趣的 修饰物(sth. is interesting) interested 形容词 对…… 感兴趣的 修饰人(sb. is interested in sth.) success success 名词 成功 作主语/宾语(a great success) successful 形容词 成功的 修饰人/物(a successful writer) successfully 副词 成功地 修饰动词(finish successfully) succeed 动词 成功 固定搭配 succeed in doing 2. 否定前缀用法区分 否定前缀 适用范围 易错提示 un- 单音节形容词、部分动词 不可用于多音节词(非 unactive,是 inactive) in- 多音节形容词、部分名词 遇 l/r 开头变 il-/ir-(非 inlegal,是 illegal) dis- 动词、部分形容词/名词 否定含义侧重 “相反”(dislike = 不喜欢,非单纯 “不”) 1.(2025・河北)—Why are you so ______ in space? —Because the documentary about space is very ______. A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting 2.(2025・安徽)It’s ______ (usual) for him to be late for school. He is always on time. 一、写出下列单词的派生词(每词至少 2 个,覆盖不同词缀) 词根 派生词1(词性+含义) 派生词2(词性+含义) 派生词3(词性+含义) care careful(形容词,小心的) carefully(副词,小心地) carelessness(名词,粗心) help helpful(形容词,有帮助的) helpless(形容词,无助的) helpfully(副词,有帮助地) act actor(名词,演员) action(名词,动作) active(形容词,活跃的) use useful(形容词,有用的) useless(形容词,无用的) usage(名词,用法) write writer(名词,作家) rewrite(动词,重写) writing(名词,写作) develop development(名词,发展) developed(形容词,发达的) developing(形容词,发展中的) happy happiness(名词,幸福) happily(副词,开心地) unhappy(形容词,不开心的) invent inventor(名词,发明家) invention(名词,发明) inventive(形容词,有发明才能的) 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2025・浙江宁波)The government has taken ______ (effect) measures to protect the environment. Many rivers are cleaner now. 2.(2025・湖南长沙)As a ______ (responsible) citizen, we should follow traffic rules and care for public facilities. 3.(2025・江苏无锡模考)After years of ______ (hard) work, the scientist finally achieved his dream of discovering a new energy source. 4.(2025・山东烟台)The ______ (popular) of online shopping has made our life more convenient, but we should be careful with personal information. 5.(2025・湖北襄阳模考)Don’t be ______ (patient) when learning a new language. It takes time and practice to master it. 6.(2025・广东深圳)She speaks English so ______ (fluent) that she can communicate with foreigners freely. 三、语法填空(2025改编真题) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。 With the 1 (develop) of technology, smart homes have become more and more common. A smart home can make our life 2 (comfort) and efficient. For example, we can control the lights, air conditioners and other devices through our phones 3 (easy). However, there are also some 4 (advantage) of smart homes. First, the cost of buying and installing smart devices is relatively high. Second, some elderly people may find it 5 (difficulty) to use these devices because of their complex operations. Third, there is a risk of information leakage if the system is not 6 (security) enough. To solve these problems, manufacturers should improve the design of smart devices to make them more user-friendly. At the same time, we should learn to use them 7 (proper) and protect our personal information. Only in this way can we fully enjoy the 8 (convenient) brought by smart homes. 四、单项选择(优选 2025 真题,覆盖易混点辨析) 1.(2025・河北)—How do you like the new movie? —It’s ______! I was ______ by the amazing plot and excellent performances. A. moving; moved B. moved; moving C. moving; moving D. moved; moved 2.(2025・四川成都)—Why did the manager ______ the meeting? —Because some important participants couldn’t arrive on time. A. disagree B. cancel C. dislike D. disappear 3.(2025・江苏苏州)The ______ engineer has designed many ______ buildings that are popular with people. A. creative; creative B. creative; creatively C. creatively; creative D. creatively; creatively 4.(2025・山东青岛模考)—Is this watch ______? I found it in the classroom. —No, it’s not mine. Maybe it’s Lucy’s. She lost a ______ watch yesterday. A. your; beautiful B. yours; beautiful C. your; beautifully D. yours; beautifully 5.(2025・广东广州)It’s ______ to believe that such a small boy can solve this ______ problem. A. incredible; complex B. incredible; complexly C. incredibly; complex D. incredibly; complexly 21/21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题12 构词法 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 合成法 3 ★ 考点二 派生法 4 ★ 考点三 转化法 6 ★ 考点四 易混点辨析 7 04 优题精选·练能提分 8 考点 课标要求 复习目标 合成法 掌握常见合成词的构成规则,能识别并运用合成名词、形容词、动词 1. 系统掌握合成法、派生法、转化法三大核心构词法的规则; 2. 能快速识别不同构词法构成的单词,精准判断词义; 3. 熟练运用构词法技巧记忆单词、解答语法填空、完形填空等题型。 派生法 掌握前缀、后缀的常见含义及构成规则,能分析派生词的词性和词义 转化法 掌握单词词性转化的常见类型,理解转化后词义的关联 命题预测 构词法是英语的基础考点,常结合词汇运用题型考查。主要命题角度:派生词的拼写(语法填空)、词义猜测(阅读理解)、词性判断(完形填空)、合成词辨析(单项选择),尤其侧重前缀 un- /in-/dis-,后缀 - er /-or/-ful /-less/-ly 等高频考点。 解题锦囊 锦囊 1:“词根不变,词形推导”—— 根据词根含义+词缀功能,快速推断派生词词义; 锦囊 2:“词性对应,语境匹配”—— 转化词需结合语境判断词性(如 book 既可作名词 “书”,也可作动词 “预订”); 锦囊 3:“合成拆分,逐部分译”—— 合成词可拆分为核心部分,分别翻译后组合(如 toothbrush=tooth “牙齿”+brush “刷子”→牙刷); 锦囊4:“固定搭配,记准词形”—— 重点记忆高频派生词的拼写(如 care→careful→carefully→careless)。 考点一 合成法 1. 构成规则 由两个/多个独立单词直接连接(或加连字符),词义多为各部分含义结合。 2. 常见类型(含示例+易错点) 合成名词 名词+名词:toothbrush(牙刷)、bookstore(书店)、classroom(教室)→ 易错:不可拆 分记忆(如 homework = 家庭作业,非 “家+工作”) 动词+名词:breakfast(早餐)、pickpocket(扒手)、breakthrough(突破)→ 易错:需结合动作逻辑猜义 形容词+名词:greenhouse(温室)、blackboard(黑板)→ 易错:避免直译偏差 副词+名词:upstairs(楼上)、downstairs(楼下)→ 核心是名词,副词表方位 合成形容词 名词+形容词:snow-white(雪白的)、sky-blue(天蓝色的)→ 易错:连字符不可省,名词用原形 副词+现在分词:hard-working(勤奋的)、well-meaning(善意的)→ 现在分词表特征,副词修饰动作 数词+名词:five-year-old(五岁的)、100-meter(100 米的)→ 易错:连字符连接,名词必须用单数 形容词+现在分词:good-looking(好看的)、kind-hearted(好心的)→ 形容词修饰人/物特征 合成动词 副词+动词:download(下载)、upload(上传)→ 副词表动作方向 名词+动词:sunbathe(日光浴)、air-condition(空调)→ 名词表动作对象 形容词+动词:safeguard(保护)、quick-freeze(速冻)→ 形容词表动作结果 【易错提醒】 合成形容词带连字符时,名词用单数(a 100-meter race,非 100-meters) 合成名词复数:多数末尾变(bookstores),核心名词变(passers-by、sons-in-law) 1.(2025・山东济南)—What do you think of the ______ girl? She often helps the old cross the street. A. good-looking B. good-look C. looking-good D. look-good 【答案】A 【解析】考查合成形容词。“形容词 + 现在分词” 构成合成形容词,good-looking 表示 “相貌好看的”,符合语境。故选 A。 2.(2025・江苏苏州)My little brother is a ______ (five-year-old) boy and he likes drawing very much. 【答案】five-year-old 【解析】考查合成形容词。表示 “五岁的” 需用连字符连接数词、名词和形容词,名词用单数形式,故填 five-year-old。 考点二 派生法 1. 构成规则 词根+前缀/后缀→新单词(前缀改词义、不改性;后缀改词性、保原义) 2. 高频前缀 前缀 核心含义 适用词性 示例(词根→派生词) 高频度 un- 不、相反 形容词、动词 happy→unhappy、do→undo ★★★★★ in- 不、无 多音节形容词、名词 active→inactive、possible→impossible ★★★★☆ il- 不(in - 变体) 以 l 开头的形容词 legal→illegal、logical→illogical ★★★☆☆ ir- 不(in - 变体) 以 r 开头的形容词 regular→irregular、responsible→irresponsible ★★★☆☆ dis- 不、相反 动词、形容词、名词 like→dislike、honest→dishonest ★★★★★ re- 再次、重复 动词 write→rewrite、build→rebuild ★★★★☆ 3. 高频后缀 后缀 词性变化 核心含义 示例(词根→派生词) 高频度 -er 动/名词→名词(人/工具) 做某事的人/工具 teach→teacher、cook→cooker(炊具) ★★★★★ -or 动词→名词(人) 职业相关 act→actor、invent→inventor ★★★★☆ -ful 名词→形容词 充满…… 的 care→careful、help→helpful ★★★★★ -less 名词→形容词 无…… 的 care→careless、home→homeless ★★★★★ -ly 形容词→副词 …… 地 quick→quickly、happy→happily ★★★★★ -tion 动词→名词 动作/结果 invent→invention、educate→education ★★★★★ -ment 动词→名词 动作/状态 develop→development、agree→agreement ★★★★☆ -ness 形容词→名词 性质/状态 kind→kindness、happy→happiness ★★★★☆ -y 名词→形容词 多…… 的 sun→sunny、health→healthy ★★★★☆ 【易错提醒】 以 “y” 结尾形容词变副词:变 y 为 i+ly(easy→easily、busy→busily) 特殊变化:true→truly(去 e+ly)、argue→argument(去 e+ment) 同根词多词性:care→careful(形)→carefully(副)→carelessness(名) 1.(2025・广东广州)It’s ______ to finish the task in such a short time. We need more help. A. possible B. impossible C. possiblely D. impossibly 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生法。根据 “We need more help” 可知任务不可能在短时间内完成,possible 的否定前缀是 im-,故选 B。 2.(2025・湖北武汉)The ______ (invent) of the smartphone has changed people’s life greatly. 【答案】invention 【解析】考查派生法。空格处需填名词作主语,invent 的名词后缀是 - tion,故填 invention(发明)。 考点三 转化法 1. 构成规则 词形不变,词性变化,词义与原词相关 2. 常见类型 转化类型 示例(原词→转化词) 原词性→新词性 原词义→新词义 语境判断技巧 名词→动词 book→book 名词→动词 书→预订 后接宾语(book a ticket) water→water 名词→动词 水→浇水 后接宾语(water flowers) 动词→名词 walk→walk 动词→名词 走→散步 前加冠词/形容词(a long walk) talk→talk 动词→名词 说→谈话 前加冠词/形容词(a friendly talk) 形容词→动词 open→open 形容词→动词 开着的→打开 后接宾语(open the door) clean→clean 形容词→动词 干净的→打扫 后接宾语(clean the room) 【易错提醒】 读音变化:record(名 /ˈrekɔːd/记录;动 /rɪˈkɔːd/记录)、desert(名 /ˈdezət/沙漠;动 /dɪˈzɜːt/抛弃) 固定搭配:have a walk(非 have walk)、take a look(非 take look) 1.(2025・浙江杭州)—Could you ______ me your pen? I left mine at home. —Sure, here you are. A. borrow B. lend C. book D. water 【答案】B 【解析】考查转化法。borrow(借入)、lend(借出)均为动词,结合语境 “借笔给我” 可知用 lend;book(预订)、water(浇水)不符合语境。故选 B。 2.(2025・四川成都)My mother often ______ (walk) after dinner to keep healthy. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查转化法。walk 此处为动词 “散步”,根据 “often” 可知用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填 walks。 考点四 易混点辨析 1. 高频同根词辨析 词根 派生词 词性 核心含义 用法要点 interest interesting 形容词 令人感兴趣的 修饰物(sth. is interesting) interested 形容词 对…… 感兴趣的 修饰人(sb. is interested in sth.) success success 名词 成功 作主语/宾语(a great success) successful 形容词 成功的 修饰人/物(a successful writer) successfully 副词 成功地 修饰动词(finish successfully) succeed 动词 成功 固定搭配 succeed in doing 2. 否定前缀用法区分 否定前缀 适用范围 易错提示 un- 单音节形容词、部分动词 不可用于多音节词(非 unactive,是 inactive) in- 多音节形容词、部分名词 遇 l/r 开头变 il-/ir-(非 inlegal,是 illegal) dis- 动词、部分形容词/名词 否定含义侧重 “相反”(dislike = 不喜欢,非单纯 “不”) 1.(2025・河北)—Why are you so ______ in space? —Because the documentary about space is very ______. A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting 【答案】A 【解析】考查同根词辨析。interested 修饰人,be interested in“对…… 感兴趣”;interesting 修饰物,“令人感兴趣的”。故选 A。 2.(2025・安徽)It’s ______ (usual) for him to be late for school. He is always on time. 【答案】unusual 【解析】考查否定前缀。根据 “He is always on time” 可知他迟到是不寻常的,usual 的否定前缀是 un-,故填 unusual。 一、写出下列单词的派生词(每词至少 2 个,覆盖不同词缀) 词根 派生词1(词性+含义) 派生词2(词性+含义) 派生词3(词性+含义) care careful(形容词,小心的) carefully(副词,小心地) carelessness(名词,粗心) help helpful(形容词,有帮助的) helpless(形容词,无助的) helpfully(副词,有帮助地) act actor(名词,演员) action(名词,动作) active(形容词,活跃的) use useful(形容词,有用的) useless(形容词,无用的) usage(名词,用法) write writer(名词,作家) rewrite(动词,重写) writing(名词,写作) develop development(名词,发展) developed(形容词,发达的) developing(形容词,发展中的) happy happiness(名词,幸福) happily(副词,开心地) unhappy(形容词,不开心的) invent inventor(名词,发明家) invention(名词,发明) inventive(形容词,有发明才能的) 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2025・浙江宁波)The government has taken ______ (effect) measures to protect the environment. Many rivers are cleaner now. 【答案】effective 【解析】考查派生法。空格处需填形容词修饰 measures,effect(名词,影响)的形容词形式为 effective(有效的),符合 “采取有效措施” 的语境。 2.(2025・湖南长沙)As a ______ (responsible) citizen, we should follow traffic rules and care for public facilities. 【答案】responsible 【解析】考查派生法。空格处需填形容词修饰 citizen,responsible(形容词,负责任的)直接修饰人,符合 “负责任的公民” 的语义;注意区分 irresponsible(不负责任的),此处无否定含义,故不用否定前缀。 3.(2025・江苏无锡模考)After years of ______ (hard) work, the scientist finally achieved his dream of discovering a new energy source. 【答案】hard 【解析】考查转化法。hard 既可作形容词(艰难的)也可作副词(努力地),此处修饰名词 work,用形容词 hard(艰难的);注意与 hardly(副词,几乎不)区分,hardly 无 “努力” 含义,不符合语境。 4.(2025・山东烟台)The ______ (popular) of online shopping has made our life more convenient, but we should be careful with personal information. 【答案】popularity 【解析】考查派生法。空格处需填名词作主语,popular(形容词,受欢迎的)的名词形式为 popularity(受欢迎程度),符合 “网购的普及” 的语义。 5.(2025・湖北襄阳模考)Don’t be ______ (patient) when learning a new language. It takes time and practice to master it. 【答案】impatient 【解析】考查否定前缀。根据 “it takes time” 可知此处表 “不要不耐烦”,patient(耐心的)的否定前缀为 im-,构成 impatient(不耐烦的),符合语境;注意 patient 的否定前缀不用 un-,属于固定搭配。 6.(2025・广东深圳)She speaks English so ______ (fluent) that she can communicate with foreigners freely. 【答案】fluently 【解析】考查派生法。空格处需填副词修饰动词 speaks,fluent(形容词,流利的)的副词形式为 fluently(流利地),符合 “说英语流利” 的语境;注意以 “t” 结尾的形容词变副词直接加 - ly,无特殊变化。 三、语法填空(2025改编真题) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。 With the 1 (develop) of technology, smart homes have become more and more common. A smart home can make our life 2 (comfort) and efficient. For example, we can control the lights, air conditioners and other devices through our phones 3 (easy). However, there are also some 4 (advantage) of smart homes. First, the cost of buying and installing smart devices is relatively high. Second, some elderly people may find it 5 (difficulty) to use these devices because of their complex operations. Third, there is a risk of information leakage if the system is not 6 (security) enough. To solve these problems, manufacturers should improve the design of smart devices to make them more user-friendly. At the same time, we should learn to use them 7 (proper) and protect our personal information. Only in this way can we fully enjoy the 8 (convenient) brought by smart homes. 【答案】 1.development 2. comfortable 3. easily 4. disadvantages 5. difficult 6. secure 7. properly 8. convenience 【解析】 1.考查派生法:develop(动词,发展)→development(名词,发展),作介词 with 的宾语; 2.考查派生法:comfort(名词 / 动词,舒适)→comfortable(形容词,舒适的),作宾语补足语,与 efficient 并列; 3.考查派生法:easy(形容词,容易的)→easily(副词,容易地),修饰动词 control; 4.考查否定前缀:根据后文 “cost high、complex operations” 可知此处表 “缺点”,advantage(优点)的否定形式为 disadvantage,由 some 修饰用复数 disadvantages; 5.考查派生法:difficulty(名词,困难)→difficult(形容词,困难的),构成 “find it + 形容词 + to do” 结构; 6.考查派生法:security(名词,安全)→secure(形容词,安全的),作表语,与 is 构成系表结构; 7.考查派生法:proper(形容词,适当的)→properly(副词,适当地),修饰动词 use; 8.考查派生法:convenient(形容词,方便的)→convenience(名词,方便),作动词 enjoy 的宾语。 四、单项选择(优选 2025 真题,覆盖易混点辨析) 1.(2025・河北)—How do you like the new movie? —It’s ______! I was ______ by the amazing plot and excellent performances. A. moving; moved B. moved; moving C. moving; moving D. moved; moved 【答案】A 【解析】考查同根词辨析。moving(形容词,令人感动的)修饰物(movie),moved(形容词,感动的)修饰人(I),符合 “电影令人感动,我被感动” 的语境;注意区分 - ing 结尾修饰物、-ed 结尾修饰人的固定用法。 2.(2025・四川成都)—Why did the manager ______ the meeting? —Because some important participants couldn’t arrive on time. A. disagree B. cancel C. dislike D. disappear 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生法及词义辨析。A. disagree(不同意,dis-+agree);B. cancel(取消,动词原形);C. dislike(不喜欢,dis-+like);D. disappear(消失,dis-+appear)。根据 “participants couldn’t arrive” 可知是 “取消会议”,故选 B;本题侧重前缀 dis - 的派生词与普通动词的词义区分。 3.(2025・江苏苏州)The ______ engineer has designed many ______ buildings that are popular with people. A. creative; creative B. creative; creatively C. creatively; creative D. creatively; creatively 【答案】A 【解析】考查派生法。第一空修饰名词 engineer,用形容词 creative(有创造力的);第二空修饰名词 buildings,也用形容词 creative;creatively 是副词,不能修饰名词,故排除 B、C、D;本题侧重形容词与副词的词性区分,核心是派生法中后缀 - tive(形容词)与 - ly(副词)的用法。 4.(2025・山东青岛模考)—Is this watch ______? I found it in the classroom. —No, it’s not mine. Maybe it’s Lucy’s. She lost a ______ watch yesterday. A. your; beautiful B. yours; beautiful C. your; beautifully D. yours; beautifully 【答案】B 【解析】考查转化法及派生法。第一空需用名词性物主代词 yours(=your watch),your 是形容词性物主代词,后需接名词,故排除 A、C;第二空修饰名词 watch,用形容词 beautiful(美丽的),beautifully 是副词,不能修饰名词,排除 D;本题结合转化法(物主代词的转化)与派生法(名词 beauty→形容词 beautiful)。 5.(2025・广东广州)It’s ______ to believe that such a small boy can solve this ______ problem. A. incredible; complex B. incredible; complexly C. incredibly; complex D. incredibly; complexly 【答案】A 【解析】考查派生法。第一空作表语,用形容词 incredible(难以置信的,in-+credible);第二空修饰名词 problem,用形容词 complex(复杂的);incredibly 是副词,complexly 是副词,均不能修饰名词或作表语,故排除 B、C、D;本题侧重否定前缀 in - 的用法及形容词与副词的区分。 21/21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题12 构词法(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题12 构词法(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
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