语法综合复习（讲义）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版英语四年级上册

《语法综合复习（讲义+练习题）-2025-2026学年人教PEP新版英语4年级上册》 1、 be 动词 （一）知识讲义 核心分类 含义说明 常用形式&用法规则 1. 表存在 表示“某地有某物”，核心强调“存在”，用there be句型 单数/不可数名词→there is； 复数名词→there are（就近原则） 2. 表状态 描述人/事物的特征、情绪、位置等状态 回答“怎么样/在何处” I→am； 单数/三单→is； 复数/you/we/they→are 3. 表“是”的概念 判断人/事物的身份、类别 回答“是什么/是谁” 用法同“表状态”的be动词形式规则 （二）练习题 第一类：表存在（there be句型） 1. 肯定句 1　 There ______ many Chinese people in this community. 2　 There ______ a big library. There ______ many books and computers in it. 3　 There ______ a lot of water in the bottle. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4　 There ______ a park near our community. We often play there. A. am B. is C. are D. be 5　 There ______ two bathrooms in my home. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. 疑问句 1　 ______ there a park near your home? 2　 There is a big library.（改为一般疑问句） 3　 .There are three shops in our community.（改为一般疑问句） 3. 否定句 1　 There ______ (not be) three shops in our community. 2　 There are three shops in our community.（改为否定句） 第二类：表状态，人/事物的特征、情绪、位置等 1. 肯定句 1　 The cat ______ cute. It ______ climb trees. 2　 The flowers ______ beautiful. We ______ take photos of them. 3　 My schoolbag ______ heavy. There are many books in it. 4　 Dinner ______ ready! Help yourself. 5　 My parents ______ busy every day. They work hard. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. 疑问句 1　 ______ you happy? You ______ sing a song. 2　 ______ your classmates in the classroom? -Yes, they are. A. Are B. Do C. Does 3　 The cat is on the chair.（改为一般疑问句） 3. 否定句 ① My schoolbag is heavy.（改为否定句） 第三类：：表“是”的概念 1. 肯定句 1　 She ______ a nurse. 2　 My dad ______ a driver. He ______ drive well. 3　 They ______ my friends. We ______ play together. 4　 We ______ in Class 5　 Doctors ______ great. A. am B. is C. are 2. 疑问句 1　 ______ he your brother? He ______ swim well. 2　 ______ Lucy in the classroom? She ______ draw pictures. 3　 ______ your father a police officer? -Yes, he helps many people. A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are 4　 Is your mother busy today? ______. She has a lot of work to do. A. Yes, she is B. No, she isn't C. Yes, she does D. No, she doesn't 5　 My father is a factory worker.（改为一般疑问句） 3. 否定句 1　 She ______ (not be) a tall girl. But she ______ jump high. 2　 They ______ (not be) at home now. They ______ come back later. 3　 I ______ (not be) a student in this school. I ______ help you. 4　 She is a nurse.（改为否定句） 2、 情态动词 can （一）知识讲解讲义 核心知识点 具体内容 基本含义 1． 表示允许做某事或请求许可，含义为“可以” 2． 表示人或动物具备的某种技能、本领，含义为“能、会” 基本结构 1. 肯定式：主语 + can + 动词原形 否定式：主语 + can + not = can't 2. 疑问式：Can + 主语 + 动词原形？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + can；否定回答：No, 主语 + can't） 常用搭配 can + 动词原形（如：can swim、can cook、can help） 注意事项 1. 无人称和数的变化（I/you/he/she/we/they + can 不变） 2. 后面必须跟动词原形，不能加 - s/-ing/to （2） 练习题 表能力 1. 肯定表达 1　 Tom ______ (can) ______ (fly) a kite on windy days. 2　 We ______ (can) finish our homework on time. 3　 My brother ______ (can) drive a car. He's a good driver. 2. 否定表达 1　 She ______ (can not) jump high, but she ______ (can) run fast. 2　 It's too cold outside. We ______ play basketball.A. can B. can't C. must D. should 3. 疑问表达 1　 ______ you speak English? Yes, I ______. 2　 ______ they swim in the pool? No, they ______. 3　 Can you help the old people cross the street? ______. It's our duty. A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I do D. No, I don't 表允许 1　 Can I have some noodles? ______. Here you are. A. Sure B. Sorry C. Thanks D. Excuse me can的情景交际运用 1　 对方问你能为家人做什么，你想回答 “我能打扫房间”，应该说： A. I clean the room. B. I can clean the room. C. I like cleaning the room. 3、 特殊疑问词（what/who/where/how/when） （一）知识讲解讲义 特殊疑问词 核心含义 用法场景 例句 what 什么 询问事物、职业、天气、时间等 -What's your father's job?（你爸爸的工作是什么？） -What's the weather like today?（今天天气怎么样？） who 谁 询问人物身份 -Who is that woman?（那个女人是谁？） -Who is your best friend?（你最好的朋友是谁？） where 在哪里 询问地点 -Where is the art room?（美术室在哪里？） Where do you live?（你住在哪里？） how 怎样；如何 询问方式、天气、身体状况等 -How do you go to school?（你怎样去上学？） -How is the weather?（天气怎么样？） when 什么时候 询问时间 -When do you get up every morning?（你每天早上什么时候起床？） -When do you go shopping?（你什么时候去购物？） how often 多久一次 询问频率 -How often do your teachers have meetings?（你们老师多久开一次会？） what colour 什么颜色 询问颜色 -What colour is your new schoolbag?（你的新书包是什么颜色？） （二）练习题 1. 疑问词 Who（对人提问：身份、姓名等） 1　 ______ is your best friend? Zhang Peng is my best friend. 2　 ______ is your English teacher? Miss Wang is my English teacher. 3　 ______ is that woman? -She's my aunt. She's a doctor. 4　 ______ is your best friend? -Zhang Peng. He's kind to everyone. 2. 疑问词 What（对事物、职业、天气等提问） 1　 ______ is the weather like today? It's sunny. 2　 ______ is your favorite food? My favorite food is noodles. 3　 ______ does your father do? He's a doctor. 4　 ______ is your favorite color? It's blue. 5　 ______ is the temperature in Sydney? -It's 21 degrees. 3. 疑问词 Where（对地点提问） 1　 ______ do you live? I live in Beijing. 2　 ______ is your classroom? It's on the first floor. 3　 ______ do you go on weekends? I go to the park. 4　 ______ is the art room? -It's on the second floor of our school. 4. 疑问词 How（对方式、手段提问） 1　 ______ do you go to school? I go to school by bike. 2　 -______ do you go to school? -On foot. 3　 He goes to school by bike.（对画线部分提问） 5. 疑问词 When（对时间点、频率提问） 1　 ______ do you get up every morning? I get up at 6:30. 2　 ______ do you play football? Every Saturday. 3　 ______ do you finish your homework? At 7:00 p.m. 4　 They often clean the room on weekends.（对画线部分提问） 5　 She gets up at 6:30 every morning.（对画线部分提问） 4、 一般现在时 （一）知识讲解讲义 核心知识点 具体内容 基本含义 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态 动词形式 1. 主语为第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）、复数名词 / 代词（they/students 等）→ 动词原形 2. 2. 主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/Tom/My father 等）→ 动词第三人称单数形式 动词三单变化规则 1. 一般情况：加 - s（play→plays、work→works） 2. 以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾：加 - es（watch→watches、go→goes、do→does） 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - es（study→studies、fly→flies） 4. 不规则变化：have→has 否定形式 1. 主语为 I/we/you/ 复数 → don't + 动词原形 2. 主语为三单 → doesn't + 动词原形（动词三单变回原形） 疑问形式 1. 主语为 I/we/you/ 复数 → Do + 主语 + 动词原形？ 2. 主语为三单 → Does + 主语 + 动词原形？ （二）练习题 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空（易错点：三单变形、否定式） 1　 My brother often ______(sweep) the floor on weekends. 2　 She ______(not like) spicy food. 3　 They ______(not watch) TV on school nights. 4　 We ______(visit) our grandparents on Sundays. 5　 My parents ______ busy every day. They work hard.（ ）A. am B. is C. are D. be 6　 How often ______ your mom cook noodles for breakfast? -Once a week.（ ）A. do B. does C. is 7　 The giraffe ______ a long neck and it can eat leaves on tall trees.（ ）A. have B. has C. is having 8　 He ______ up at seven o'clock and has breakfast at seven twenty.（ ）A. get B. gets C. getting 9　 ______ your classmates in the classroom? -Yes, they are.（ ）A. Are B. Do C. Does 10　 My friend often ______ me with English.（ ）A. help B. helps C. helping 2. 句型转换（易错点：疑问词选择、助动词运用） 1　 My father is a factory worker.（对画线部分提问）______ ______ your father's job? 2　 They often clean the room on weekends.（对画线部分提问）______ ______ they often do on weekends? 3　 He can look after his little sister.（改为否定句）He ______ ______ after his little sister. 4　 She likes winter best.（对画线部分提问）______ ______ she like best? 易错点： 职业提问用 What，易混淆 Who 实义动词疑问句加 do，易漏助动词 情态动词 can 否定直接加 not，易误改实义动词 三单疑问句加 does，动词还原，易漏 does 5、 现在进行时 （1） 知识讲解讲义 模块 内容 示例 基本含义 1. 表示正在进行的动作 2. 表示现阶段持续的活动 Listen! They are reading English.（正在进行） He is learning to swim this month.（现阶段持续） 标志词 动作词：look, listen 时间标志： now, at the moment, right now, It's + 具体时刻 Look! She is dancing. It's 9 o'clock, I am sweeping the floor now. 基本结构 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + V- ing + 其他 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + V- ing + 其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V- ing + 其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V- ing + 其他？ 肯定：He is cleaning the playground. 否定：He isn't watering the flowers. 一般疑问：Are you doing your homework? 特殊疑问：What is Amy doing? v - ing 变化规则 1. 直接加 - ing：大部分动词 2. 去 e 加 - ing：以不发音 e 结尾 3. 双写尾字母加 - ing：重读闭音节 “辅 + 元 + 辅” 结尾 4. 变 ie 为 y 加 - ing：以 ie 结尾 1. clean → cleaning, sing → singing 2. make → making, write → writing 3. run → running, swim → swimming 4. die → dying, lie → lying 易丢分点 1. 漏 be 动词 2. 不发音 e 结尾直接加 ing 3. 双写尾字母判断错误 4. 主语与 be 动词不匹配 He cleaning → He is cleaning come → comeing(×) → coming（√） play → playing（无需双写）→ stop → stopping（需双写） I is reading → I am reading （2） 练习题 1. 动词-ing形式变形题 1　 sing → ______ run → ______ make → ______ come → ______ 2　 stop → ______ write → ______ swim → ______ clean → ______ 2. 标志词识别题 1　 Look! The girl ______ (dance) in the hall. 2　 Listen! They ______ (sing) a song. 3　 It's 7 o'clock now. We ______ (have) breakfast. 4　 At the moment, my father ______ (work) in the garden. 5　 Right now, the baby ______ (sleep) in the bedroom. 6　 What ______ you ______ (do) now? —I ______ (draw) a picture. 7　 ______ your mother ______ (cook) dinner? —Yes, she ______. 8　 The students ______ (not listen) to the teacher. They ______ (talk) loudly. 3. 易混易错综合题 1　 He runing → ______ They are play football → ______ I is writing an email → ______ 2　 She comeing now → ______ We not watching TV → ______ 6、 名词单复数 （一）知识讲解讲义 变化规则 示例 1. 一般情况：加 - s cat→cats、dog→dogs、book→books、pen→pens 2. 以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾：加 - es box→boxes、bus→buses、watch→watches、brush→brushes 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - es baby→babies、city→cities、family→families 4. 以 “元音字母 + y” 结尾：加 - s toy→toys、boy→boys、key→keys 5. 以 o 结尾：多数加 - es（少数加 - s） tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes、photo→photos、piano→pianos 6. 以 f/fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es knife→knives、wife→wives、leaf→leaves 7. 不规则变化 child→children、man→men、woman→women、people→people（单复同形） （三）练习题 1. 单项选择题 1　 Do you like ______? Yes, I like playing basketball and running. A. sport B. sports C. book D. books 2　 There are many ______ in the park on weekends. A. people B. peoples C. person D. child 3　 My mother buys some ______ and ______ in the supermarket. A. tomato; potato B. tomatos; potatos C. tomatoes; potatoes D. tomatoes; potato 2. 填空题 1　 Our community has many interesting ______ (place). 2　 The ______ (farmer) grow vegetables on the farm. 3　 She draws some ______ (picture) with ______ (crayon). 7、 形容词性物主代词 （一）知识讲解讲义 人称 形容词性物主代词 含义 用法示例 第一人称单数 my 我的 my schoolbag（我的书包）、 my mother（我的妈妈） 第二人称单数 / 复数 your 你的 / 你们的 your pencil（你的铅笔）、 your family（你们的家庭） 第三人称单数（男） his 他的 his father（他的爸爸）、 his book（他的书） 第三人称单数（女） her 她的 her sister（她的姐姐）、 her dress（她的裙子） 第一人称复数 our 我们的 our classroom（我们的教室）、 our friends（我们的朋友） 第三人称复数 their 他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的 their parents（他们的父母）、 their toys（它们的玩具） 1. 形容词性物主代词：后必跟名词（my/your/his等），表“……的”，如my book（我的书）。 2. 名词性物主代词：后不跟名词（mine/yours/his等），指代“……的（人/物）”，如This book is mine（这本书是我的）。 3. 主语：动作发出者（或被描述对象），多在动词前，用人称代词主格（I/he/we等），如He eats（他吃）。 4. 宾语：动作承受者，多在动词/介词后，用人称代词宾格（me/him/us等），如eat an apple（吃苹果，苹果是宾语）、give me（给我）。 （二）练习题 1　 Walking makes ______ healthy. A. we B. our C. us D. ours 2　 Pass ______ the knife and fork, please. ______ hands are clean. A. I; My B. my; I C. me; My D. me; I 3　 ______ favorite season is spring. What about ______? A. Her; you B. She; your C. Her; yours D. She; you 4　 This is ______ classroom. ______ is next to it. A. our; Their B. our; Theirs C. ours; Their D. ours; Theirs 5　 Whose dress is this? It's ______. A. my B. me C. mine D. I 6　 ______ and ______ father go to the park every weekend. A. She; her B. She; she C. Her; she D. Her; her 8、 介词（in/on/under/near/with/at） （一）知识讲解讲义 介词 核心含义 常用搭配 示例 in 在…… 里面； 在（年 / 月 / 季节 / 上午 / 下午 / 晚上） in the box、 in China、 in spring、 in the morning The book is in the desk.（书在书桌里。 We have class in the morning.（我们上午有课。） on 在…… 上面； 在（具体日期 / 星期） on the desk、 on Sunday、 on June 1st、 on the wall The clock is on the wall.（时钟在墙上。）She goes to the park on Sunday.（她周日去公园。） under 在…… 下面 under the chair、under the tree The cat is under the chair.（猫在椅子下面。） near 在…… 附近 near my home、 near the school The supermarket is near the bank.（超市在银行附近。） with 和…… 一起；用…… play with friends、draw with crayons I play games with my friends after class.（我课后和朋友玩游戏。） She draws pictures with crayons.（她用蜡笔画画。） at 在（具体时间 在（小地点） at 7:30 a.m.、 at night、 at the park We go to school at 7:30 a.m.（我们早上 7 点半上学。） He reads books at night.（他晚上看书。） （二）练习题 1． in表方位（……里面） 1　 The flowers are ______ the garden.（in） 2　 They have dinner ______ the restaurant.（in） 3　 How is the weather _____Guangzhou in June? It's hot and rainy.A. in B. on C. at D. with 4　 The book is in the desk.（对画线部分提问） 5　 They have dinner in the restaurant.（对画线部分提问） 2． in表时间（较长时间段） 1　 We have class ______ the morning. 2　 We plant trees ______ spring. 3　 Do you often watch TV ______ the evening? Yes, I watch it after dinner. A. in B. on C. at D. for 3． on表方位（……上面） 1　 The book is ______ the desk. 2　 The cat is ______ the chair. 3　 The bird is ______ the tree.The clock is ______ the wall. 4　 The art room is ______ the second floor of our school. A. in B. on C. at D. near 5　 The apple is ______ the tree. It's big and red. A. in B. on C. under D. near （外来物在树上用in，树上生长的用on，挂在墙面用on，楼层用on） 4． on表时间（具体日期/星期） 1　 She goes to the park ______ Sunday. 2　 She goes to the park on Sunday.（对画线部分提问） 5． 介词near的用法（表方位：……附近） 1　 The school is ______ my home. 2　 The supermarket is ______ the bank. 6． 介词with的用法（表伴随/工具） 1　 I play games ______ my friends after class. 2　 She sings songs ______ her classmates. 3　 She draws pictures ______ crayons. 4　 We often play games ______ our friends after school. A. with B. and C. for D. to 5　 We celebrate Spring Festival ______ our family.A. with B. and C. for D. to 7． at表时间（具体时刻） 1　 He reads books ______ night. 2　 We go to school ______ 7:30 a.m. 3　 My father goes to work ______ 7:00 a.m. every day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 4　 We go to school at 7:30 a.m.（对画线部分提问） 8． at表方位（具体小地点） 1　 The post office is ______ the corner of the street. A. in B. on C. at D. near 2　 My mother is waiting for me ______ the school gate.A. in B. at C. on D. to 3　 We will meet ______ the bus stop at 8 o’clock.A. near B. at C. on D. in 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 1、 be 动词 第一类：表存在（there be 句型） 1. 肯定句：1. are 2. is；are 3. B 4. B 5. C 2. 疑问句：1. Is 2. Is there a big library? 3. Are there three shops in our community? 3. 否定句：1. aren't 2. There aren't three shops in our community. 第二类：表状态，人 / 事物的特征、情绪、位置等 1. 肯定句：1. is；can 2. are；can 3. is 4. is 5. C 2. 疑问句：1. Are；can 2. A 3. Is the cat on the chair? 3. 否定句：1. My schoolbag isn't heavy. 第三类：表 “是” 的概念 1. 肯定句：1. is 2. is；can 3. are；can 4. are（注：“Class” 后补具体数字）5. C 2. 疑问句：1. Is；can 2. Is；can 3. C 4. A 5. Is your father a factory worker? 3. 否定句：1. isn't；can 2. aren't；can 3. aren't；can 4. She isn't a nurse. 二、情态动词 can 表能力 1. 肯定表达：1. can；fly 2. can 3. can 2. 否定表达：1. can't；can 2. B 3. 疑问表达：1. Can；can 2. Can；can't 3. A 4. 表允许：1. A can 的情景交际运用：1. B 三、特殊疑问词（what/who/where/how/when） 1. 疑问词 Who（对人提问）：1. Who 2. Who 3. Who 4. Who 2. 疑问词 What（对事物、职业等提问）：1. What 2. What 3. What 4. What colour 5. What 3. 疑问词 Where（对地点提问）：1. Where 2. Where 3. Where 4. Where 4. 疑问词 How（对方式提问）：1. How 2. How 3. How does he go to school? 5. 疑问词 When（对时间、频率提问）：1. When 2. How often 3. When 4. When do they often clean the room? 5. When does she get up every morning? 四、一般现在时 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空：1. sweeps 2. doesn't like 3. don't watch 4. visit 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 2. 句型转换：1. What is 2. What do 3. can't look 4. Which season does 五、现在进行时 1. 动词 - ing 形式变形：1. singing；running；making；coming 2. stopping；writing；swimming；cleaning 2. 标志词识别：1. is dancing 2. are singing 3. are having 4. is working 5. is sleeping 6. are；doing；am drawing 7. Is；cooking；is 8. aren't listening；are talking 3. 易混易错综合：1. He is running；They are playing football；I am writing an email 2. She is coming now；We aren't watching TV 六、名词单复数 1. 单项选择：1. B 2. A 3. C 2. 填空：1. places 2. farmers 3. pictures；crayons 七、形容词性物主代词 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 八、介词（in/on/under/near/with/at） 1. in 表方位：1. in 2. in 3. A 4. Where is the book? 5. Where do they have dinner? 2. in 表时间：1. in 2. in 3. A 3. on 表方位：1. on 2. on 3. in；on 4. B 5. B 4. on 表时间：1. on 2. When does she go to the park? 5. 介词 near：1. near 2. near 6. 介词 with：1. with 2. with 3. with 4. A 5. A 7. at 表时间：1. at 2. at 3. C 4. When do you go to school? 8. at 表方位：1. C 2. B 3. B $