Unit 4 Section B 讲义 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section B What do we explore nature? 一、名词 (n.) 1. climber /ˈklaɪmə(r)/n. 攀登者；登山者 →climb v. 攀登；攀爬 常见搭配：a mountain climber 一名登山者 2. distance /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离；遥远 常见搭配：in the distance 在远处 at a distance 隔一段距离 keep one’s distance from... 与…… 保持距离 例句：We can see a small village in the distance. 3. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/n. 状态；境况 →conditional adj. 有条件的；unconditional adj. 无条件的 常见搭配： in good/bad condition 状态良好 / 糟糕 on condition that... 条件是…… 例句：The old house is in poor condition and needs repairing. 4. degree /dɪˈɡriː/n. 度；度数；程度 例句：The temperature today is 25 degrees Celsius. 5. cliff /klɪf/n. 悬崖；峭壁 例句：The eagle built its nest on the cliff. 6. death /deθ/n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 →die v. 死亡；dead adj. 死亡的；dying adj. 垂死的 常见搭配：the death of... …… 的死亡 例句：His death made all his friends very sad. 7. teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/n. 同队队员；队友 例句：He is a good teammate who always helps others. 8. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/n. 肩膀；肩部 常见搭配：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 on one’s shoulder 在某人肩上 例句：We walked along the street shoulder to shoulder. 9. ladder /ˈlædə(r)/n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 常见搭配： a ladder of success 成功的阶梯 climb up the ladder 爬梯子 例句：He used a ladder to get onto the roof. 10. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/n. 措施；度量单位 v. 测量；量度为 常见搭配：take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 例句：The government has taken measures to protect the environment. 11. risk /rɪsk/ n. 危险；风险 v. 使…… 冒风险（或面临危险） →risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 常见搭配：take a risk/take risks 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 at the risk of... 冒着…… 的风险 例句：He saved the boy at the risk of losing his own life. 12. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curious adj. 好奇的 常见搭配：out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 例句：Out of curiosity, he opened the box to see what was inside. 13. ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 →ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 例句：His ambition is to become a famous scientist. 14. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/n. 探险者；勘探者 →explore v. 探索；勘探；exploration n. 探索 例句：The explorer traveled to the Amazon rainforest to study local plants. 15. type /taɪp/n. 类型；种类 常见搭配：a type of... 一种…… different types of... 不同种类的…… 例句：This type of flower is very rare in this area. 16. traveller /ˈtrævələ(r)/ (= traveler) n. 旅行者；游客 →travel v. /n. 旅行 例句：The traveller shared his interesting experiences with us. 17. coast /kəʊst/n. 海岸；海滨 常见搭配： along the coast 沿着海岸 on the coast 在海岸上 例句：We spent our summer holiday along the east coast of China. 18. coral /ˈkɒrəl/n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 例句：The coral reef is home to many colorful fish. 19. reef /riːf/n. 礁；礁脉 常见搭配：coral reef 珊瑚礁 例句：Ships need to be careful to avoid hitting the reef. 20. sand /sænd/n. 沙子 常见搭配：a grain of sand 一粒沙子 play on the sand 在沙滩上玩 例句：Children love to build castles with sand on the beach. 21. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 →structural adj. 结构上的 例句：The structure of the old bridge is not safe anymore. 22. snorkel /ˈsnɔːkl/n.（浮潜用的）呼吸管 v. 使用呼吸管潜泳 例句：You need a snorkel and a mask to go snorkeling. 23. school /skuːl/n.（鱼、鲸、海豚等的）群 例句：We saw a school of fish swimming in the clear water. 24. turtle /ˈtɜːtl/n. 海龟；龟 例句：Turtles lay their eggs on the beach every year. 25. lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/n. 一生；终身 常见搭配：in one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中 二、动词 (v.) 1. survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 →survival n. 生存；存活；survivor n. 幸存者 常见搭配：survive on... 靠…… 生存 survive an accident 在事故中幸存 例句：Some animals can survive on very little water in the desert. 2. attract /əˈtrækt/v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） →attraction n. 吸引力；景点；attractive adj. 有吸引力的 常见搭配：attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 be attracted to... 被…… 吸引 例句：The beautiful scenery attracts thousands of tourists every year. 3. include /ɪnˈkluːd/v. 包含；包括 →including prep. 包括；included adj. 包含在内的 常见搭配：include sth. /sb. (in sth.) 把某物 / 某人包含在…… 里 例句：The price includes breakfast and dinner. 三、形容词 (adj.) 1. northern /ˈnɔːðən/adj. 北部的；向北的 →north n. /adj./adv. 北方（的）；向北 例句：The northern part of the country is very cold in winter. 2. changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 →change v. /n. 变化 例句：You’d better take an umbrella because the weather is changeable today. 3. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 有决心的；坚决的 → determine v. 决定；确定；determination n. 决心 常见搭配：be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 例句：She is determined to finish the task on time. 4. risky /ˈrɪski/adj. 有危险（或风险）的 →risk n. /v. 风险；冒险 例句：It’s risky to drive fast on a rainy day. 5. southern /ˈsʌðən/adj. 南部的；向南的 →south n. /adj./adv. 南方（的）；向南 例句：The southern cities are more developed in this country. 6. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/adj. 位于；坐落在 →locate v. 定位；位于 例句：The new library is located in the center of the city. 7. freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 例句：There are many freshwater fish in this lake. 8. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 →curiosity n. 好奇心 常见搭配：be curious about sth. /to do sth. 对某事好奇 / 好奇地做某事 例句：Children are always curious about the world around them. 9. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 →nature n. 自然；天性 常见搭配：natural resources 自然资源 It’s natural (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是自然的 例句：It’s natural to feel nervous before an important exam. 10. underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/adj. 水下的；用于水下的 adv. 在水下 例句：We saw many beautiful underwater plants in the aquarium. 11. northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/adj. 东北的；东北方向的 例句：Harbin is a major city in the northeastern part of China. 12. alive /əˈlaɪv/adj. 活着；在世；有活力 常见搭配：be alive with... 充满…… keep sth. alive 使某物保持活力 例句：The forest is alive with birds and animals in spring. 四、副词 (adv.) 1. above /əˈbʌv/adv. 在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过 prep. 在（或向）…… 上面；超过 常见搭配：above all 最重要的是 above sea level 海平面以上 例句：Above all, you should be honest with yourself. 2. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/adv. 成功地；顺利地 →successful adj. 成功的；success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功 常见搭配：succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 例句：The project was completed successfully ahead of schedule. 3. simply /ˈsɪmpli/adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 →simple adj. 简单的 例句：I don’t like the plan simply because it’s too expensive. 五、短语 1.bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 课堂练习 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Mountain _________(climb) are used to taking risks when climbing. 2. The weather in spring is _________(change), so you'd better take a coat with you. 3. Hearing the _________(die) of Dr King, my parents were completely shocked. 4.Although Zhang Guimei met lots of difficulties, she _________(successful) helped so many students to go to college. 5. After years of hard work, our _________(nature) environment is becoming better and better, so more and more wild animals can be seen in the forests. 6. Skiing on the snow-covered mountains is popular in the _________(north) part of China. 二、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 ambition　 teammate　bit by bit deal with　 explore 1. The young _________ made up his mind to enter the dangerous rainforest himself. 2. If all the _________ pull together, our basketball team will be able to win the next game. 3. After enough sleep, your brain can _________ difficult problems more clearly. 4. He works hard every day. I think he will achieve his _________ one day. 5. He's improving his health _________, starting with some small changes. 三、根据汉语意思,用单词或短语完成句子 1. 一位登山者对珠穆朗玛峰的山顶充满好奇。 A climber was ______________ the top of Mount Qomolangma. 2.这座山太高了,氧气变得十分稀薄。 The mountain is __________________ oxygen becomes very thin. 3. 当遭遇突如其来的暴风雪时,他不得不冒生命危险。 He had to ________________ when a sudden snowstorm hit. 4. 他决心继续前进,与严寒抗争。 He was ______________ to go on, and fought against the cold. 5. 经过数日的拼搏,他终于登上顶峰,感到无比自豪。 After days of struggle, he finally _______________, feeling really proud. 4、 考点辨析 考点1 wonder的用法 1. 我想知道这个湖有多深。 I __________ how deep the lake is. 2. 科罗拉多大峡谷是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。 The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest _____________ in the world. 考点2 develop的用法 1. We need more time to see how things ___________ before we take action. 2. With the _____________ of science and technology, our life is becoming more convenient. 考点3 辨析death、dead与die 1. Mozart _________ in 1791 when he was only 35. 2. If birds eat sick or _________ fish, they may die off. 3. When hearing the _________ of his pet dog, the boy cried sadly. 考点4 risk的用法 1. 他冒了很大的风险去救那个孩子。 He took a big ________ to save the child. 2. 士兵们冒着生命危险保护村民。 The soldiers _________ their lives to protect the villagers. 考点5 辨析include与including 1. The solar system _________ the Sun, the Earth and so on. 2. He can speak several languages, ___________ Chinese and French. 考点6 辨析alive、living与lively 1. 他的朋友遇难，他知道自己侥幸生还。 His friend was killed and he knows he is lucky to be ____________. 2. 像植物和动物这样的生物需要空气才能生存。 ___________ things like plants and animals need air to live. 3. 他是个性格开朗而活泼的人。 He is an outgoing and ___________ person. 5、 完形填空 Recently, the Ailao Mountains have been widely noticed for an adventure 1____. The mountains 2____ in the central part of Yunnan Province and cover some cities. Some people call them the "Forests of Death" because of the deep valleys, thick forests, and unpredictable weather. They're known as 3____, least touched, and most mysterious forest ecosystem in that part of the world. They're so remote and natural, and there are many "mysterious stories" about 4____. The edge(边缘) of the Ailao Mountains is open for 5____, and it's safe as long as they follow the rules. 6____ deep inside the mountains, common tourists can't go because there are forests 7____ roads. The weather there can be very bad, 8____ people feel sick because of the height and very cold. Also, the magnetic field there can cause compasses(指南针) to stop 9____, making it easy to get lost. So, it's necessary to respect nature and follow the rules when visiting such 10____ place! ( )1. A. video's　　 B. videos 　　 C. video　　　 D. videos ( )2. A. lie　　　 B. lay 　　 C. are lying　　 D. lies ( )3. A. big　　　 B. bigger 　　 C. the biggest　 D. biggest ( )4. A. it　　　 B. they 　　 C. them　　　 D. their ( )5. A. tourist　　 B. tour 　　 C. tourists'　　 D. tourists ( )6. A. But　　　 B. And 　　 C. Though　　 D. So ( )7. A. with　　　B. without 　　 C. on　　　 D. beside ( )8. A. make　　　B. to make 　　C. making　　 D. made ( )9. A. working　　B. to work 　　C. work　　　 D. worked ( )10. A. a　　 B. / 　　 C. the　　 D. an 6、 短文填空:用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整正确(每空只填一个单词) mountain　risk　paint　danger　one　son difficulty　me　success　climb Jordan has already reached the top of six world famous mountains. He first climbed Africa's Mount Kilimanjaro when he was 10. Jordan said he had an idea of climbing those mountains when he saw a 1. ______ in his school. It was drawn by a great painter and it showed all seven 2. ______. His father, Paul, is an experienced mountain 3. ______. But he said the idea was his 4. ______. "I'm just carrying the bags and going after him around the world," Paul said. Mount Qomolangma is 8,848.6 metres high. Jordan would climb it with his parents and two guides. He said they would not 5. ______ their lives. They would go back if there were 6. ______ conditions such as bad weather. He hopes to reach the top by May. "This may be the 7. ______ time of many tries and it will take me a few months to get to the top," he said. "But I will complete it by 8. ______. I will try next time if I don't 9. ______ in reaching the top this time. I just want to challenge myself in the face of 10. ______." 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $