Unit 1 Section A（Grammar Focus）（同步教学课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步教学精品课件（新教材人教版）

Section A Grammar Focus Unit 1 Time to Relax Learning Aims 语言能力 文化意识 思维品质 学习能力 1. 不定式用法：区分作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）和目的状语（表动作目的）； 2. 常见动词搭配：tell sb. (not) to do, ask sb. to do, decide to do, want to do, make sb. do（省 to）, let sb. do（省 to）； 3. 句型：主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + to do / (not) to do / do（省 to）；主语 + 谓语 + to do（表目的）。 1.能准确判断不定式在句中的功能，正确运用不定式形式完成填空练习； 2. 能结合课余活动话题，用不定式造句、完成短文，实现语法知识的灵活运用； 通过分析例句、对比练习，归纳不定式两种功能的用法规律。 运用不定式表达自身的户外活动与家庭时光，培养积极的生活态度和家庭观念。 Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 4a What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语。也称为非谓语动词,是为了避免简单句中产生两个谓语。 不定式作宾补 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语 不定式作宾补 动词不定式的用法 1、动词不定式的构成: to+动词原形 ，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的用法 具有名词，形容词和副词的特性，因此可在句子中做主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语和状语（重点目的状语）等。 Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class.　 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 Please tell Jim not to come late next time.　 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 句法作用 例句 做主语 To travel around the word is my dream. 做宾语 Do you want to visit the Great Wall？ 做宾语补足语 He told me to practice speaking English every day. 作目的状语 To improve my English, I listen to English songs every day. 作定语 相当于形容词，I have a lot of homework to do. 1.作主语:一般位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。 To speak English well isn’t an easy job.说好英语不是一件容易的事。为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。 例:It’s very important to keep healthy.保持健康是很重要的。 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 例:It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.作宾语 不定式常出现在一些及物动词后,常接不定式作宾语的动词有: 学习需要努力 (learn, need, try); 想要选择拒绝 (want, choose, refuse) ; 决定开始计划(decide, begin/start, plan); 希望记得别忘记 (hope/wish/expect, remember, forget) 例:He decided to help the homeless people. 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词(what,which,who,where,when,how等) +带to的不定式”。 例:He taught me how to use mobile phone. 注意：在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 例:I find it easy to read English every day． 不定式作宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语通常位于宾语之后。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。例如： My father encourages me to play the guitar. The manager asked him to wait. The teacher tells the students not to cheat in the exam. They often tell me not to get close to strangers. 宾语是动作的执行者 注意：当不定式作宾语补足语时，分带to的不定式作宾补和不带to的不定式作宾语两种情况。 常见的用带to的不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：ask, advice, allow, encourage, get, order, require, teach, tell, want, wish, expect, warn, permit, force等。 常见的用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：“一感”feel；“二听”hear, listen to；“三使”let, have, make；“五看”see, watch, notice, observe, look at; “半帮助”help接不定式作宾补，加不加to都可以。 【Tip】动词不定式（短语）在 help 后作宾语补足语时，可带 to也可不带to。 The teachers often help us (to) solve problems. 老师经常帮助我们解决难题。 1. Emma went to sports center to try ice skating. 2. Emma didn’t want to go ice skating again at first. 3. Fu Xing told Emma that no one expected her to be perfect from the start. 4. The instructor told Emma not to give up so easily . 5. Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but he started swimming to get over her fear. 6. Fu Xing encougraged Emma to try ice skating again. 作状语，表目的 作宾语，表具体某事 作宾补，表对宾语补充说明 作宾补 作状语，表目的 作宾补 不定式作状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副词的词或短语来担任。不定式作状语时，多至于句末。但为了加强语气，突出表示目的，不定式（尤其是不定式短语in order to）可放在句首。例如： (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study harder. To catch the early bus, I got up very early this morning. I went to the library to borrow some books. She studies hard to get good grades. 不定式的动作执行者是句子的主语 如何区分不定式作宾补还是状语？ 成分 作用 句子逻辑 例句 宾补 状语 补充说明宾语的动作/状态 说明谓语动词的目的 主语让/叫/要求宾语做某事 主语做某事是为了达成某个目标 He asked me to open the door. He stood up to open the door. 动词不定式其它用法 1. It's time for sth /to do sth… 该干……了 2. It's + adj/n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth （对某人）做某事是…… 3. sb. think/find/consider it + adj. +to do sth 认为/发觉作某事……怎么样 4. It's better/ the best to do sth. 最好做某事 5. try one's best to do 尽某人最大的努力做…… 6. It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做…… start/begin start/begin to do start/begin doing sth 开始做...... prefer prefer to do prefer doing sth 更喜欢做...... love/ like like/love to do like/love doing sth 喜欢做...... 动词后既可以用to do 也可以用doing regret regret to do sth regret doing sth 遗憾要做...(未做) stop stop to do sth stop doing sth 停下来做......(未做) 后悔做过...(已做) 停止做......(已做) remember remember to do sth remember doing sth 记得去做...(未做) forget forget to do sth forget doing sth 忘记去做......(未做) 记得做过...(已做) 忘记做过......(已做) 1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me ________ (decide) to try skiing. B: You're welcome. Try __________ (forget) your fears and have fun! 2. A: My cousin often asks me ________ (fly) kites with her when it's windy. B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you _______ (fly) kites sometime. decide to forget to fly fly 4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. “Thanks for + 名词 /动名词”意为“感谢……”， for后面接感谢的原因或对象。 用来回答“Thank you.”。 3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies _________ (relax). B: Really? When I want _________ (relax), I watch animal videos. 4. A: My parents told me __________ (not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it's important ___________ (not forget) to relax once in a while. to relax to relax not to push not to forget “偶尔地；间或”，表示动作发生的频率，相当于from time to time 或at times，其中while作名词，意为 “一段时间”。 1.A:Thanks for your advice!It made me ___________(decide)to try skiing. B:You're welcome.Try____________(forget)your fears and have fun! 2.A:My cousin often asks me___________(fly)kites with her when it's windy. B:That sounds fun!I'd love to watch you___________(fly)kites sometime. 3.A:I love to watch kung fu movies____________(relax). B:Really?When I want__________(relax),I watch animal videos. 4.A:My parents told me_____________(not push)myself too hard. B:Yes,it's important_____________(not forget)to relax once in a while. decide to forget to relax fly  to fly to relax not to push not to forget /ˌkʌŋ ˈfuː/ n. 功夫 /pʊʃ/ v. 督促；推 /maɪˈself/ pron. 我自己 偶尔地；间或 4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 watch sb. do sth.看某人做某事 用动词不定式 “to relax”作目的状语 want to do sth. 想要做某事 tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事 动词不定式作主语 My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends __________ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn‘t like sport very much! chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch to play not to come 一两次；偶尔 4c Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors? Instead, he likes _________ at home and _______ movies, _______ to music, and ______ with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ____ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! to stay to watch to listen to chat to spend do chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch be worried about 担心…… chat /tʃæt/ v. & n. 闲聊 出外游玩 You can talk about your free-time activities. How do you spend your free time? What are the challenges of doing these activities? What’s your purpose of doing these activities? Group Work Language points Point 1 1. try to do sth.（努力做；试图做） 有明确目标，付出努力去完成，常与 “hard, again, finally” 等表努力的词搭配。 ①I tried to finish my English homework before dinner, but it was too difficult.（我努力想在晚饭前完成英语作业，但它太难了。→ 付出努力，目标是完成） ② She tried hard to remember all the new words, and she succeeded.（她努力记住所有新单词，而且成功了。→ 强调努力 + 结果） try to do 与try doing sth 的区分： 2.try doing sth.尝试做；试着做。 没有强制目标，只是尝试一种新方式、新事物，看看是否有效 / 合适。） ① If you can’t solve the math problem, try asking your teacher for help.（如果你解不出这道数学题，试着向老师求助。→ 尝试新方法） ② I tried eating sushi for the first time yesterday—it was delicious!（我昨天第一次尝试吃寿司，它太美味了！→ 尝试新事物） Point 2 玩得开心；过得愉快 ① have fun (doing sth.)（做某事很开心；享受做某事的过程） We had great fun playing beach volleyball on the weekend. （我们周末打沙滩排球玩得很开心。） ①have fun with sb./sth.（和某人玩得开心；玩某物很尽兴） The children are having fun with the new toys. (孩子们开心地玩着玩具。） have fun的用法： Point 3 作动词，过去式：relaxed ①放松，休息，不及物动词，无宾语 I usually relax for 10 minutes after finishing homework. （我通常写完作业后休息 10 分钟。） She relaxes by listening to light music every evening.（她每天晚上听轻音乐放松。） ②及物动词（带宾语）：使（某人 / 某物）放松；缓解 Reading comic books relaxes me when I’m sad. （我难过时，看漫画书能让我放松。） Doing yoga can relax your body and mind.（做瑜伽能放松你的身心。） relax的用法： 派生词用法 1. 形容词 relaxed（修饰人，表 “感到放松的”） 常见结构：be relaxed + (about sth.) /feel relaxed She is relaxed about the result because she tried her best. （她对结果很坦然，因为她已经尽力了。) 2.形容词 relaxing（修饰物 / 事，表 “令人放松的”） 结构：a relaxing + 名词（物 / 事）/ 系动词 + relaxing It’s a relaxing trip to the countryside—we enjoyed the fresh air. （去乡下的旅行很令人放松，我们享受了新鲜空气。） Listening to birds singing is a relaxing activity.（听鸟叫是一项放松的活动。） 3.名词 relaxation（表 “放松；休闲”） 结构：need relaxation /have relaxation /a way of relaxation Reading is a good way of relaxation for students. （阅读对学生来说是一种很好的休闲方式。） I love to watch you fly kites sometime.有时间我想看你放风筝。 watch sb do sth watch sb doing sth 观看某人做某事 观看某人正在做某事 强调观看动作发生的全过程或观看的动作经常发生 强调观看的动作正在进行 I often watch him ski. 我经常看他滑雪。 I am watching him skiing. 不要担心。我正在看他滑雪。 辨析：watch sb do sth 与 watch sb doing sth 注意：类似watch这种用法的动词，常见的还有see，hear，notice等，其后都可以接do sth或doing sth作宾语补足语。 Point 4 Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. 我们的父母担心他待在家里太久。 too much 辨析：too much，much too 与 too many much too too many 太多 太 太多 修饰动词，放在动词后 修饰不可数名词，置于名词前 修饰形容词或副词，表示程度 修饰复数名词 Point 5 There are too many apples and they’re much too big. Don’t eat too much because too much food is bad for your health. 苹果太多了，而且实在太大。别吃太多，因为太多的食物对你的健康不好。 Exercises 单项选择 一、单项选择 1.I always tell my students ____ on the road because it’s really dangerous. A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play 2. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven’t decided where ____. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 3. —I didn’t hear you come in just now. —That’s good. We tried _____ any noise, A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making A D B 4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates_____ dancing with her. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 5. She woke up early ____ catch the first bus? A. because of B. in order to C. according to D. instead of D B 6.I often forget ______ the door when I leave home, but yesterday I remembered ______ it. A. to lock; locking B. locking; to lock C. to lock; to lock D. locking; locking A 7. I decide ___ to the mountains, but my sister wants ____ at home. A. going; staying B. to go; staying C. going; to stay D. to go; to stay 8.—Do you know how ________ this machine? —Yes, my father taught me last week. A. operate B. operating C. to operate D. operated D C 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Lisa and Betty like playing ping-pong, so they choose _________ (join) the ping-pong club. 2. The teacher asks us _________ (speak) English in class. 3. When you plan ________ (join) a club, the test can share some good ideas. 4. It is best ___________ (not agree) with others without further thinking. 5. It’s important for parents _________ (teach) their kids to use digital devices properly. to join to speak to join not to agree to teach 6.They helped the homeless _______ (live) a comfortable life and the poor kids to go to school. 7.He wants the students _____ (eat) well. 8.The teacher made his students _____(come) into the meeting room on time. 9.The boy was free _____ (go) where he liked. 10.Nobody tells him what _____ (do) next. to live to eat come to go to do 1.Parents should always tell their kids ______(not talk) with strangers. 2.We set up this group ______(help) disabled people like Ben Smith. 3.He made me ____ (tell) him all the things. 4.I’m making some notices _________(hand) out around the school. 5.I’d love to go hiking with Andy, but I have much homework ______(do). not to talk to help tell to hand to do 我哥哥告诉我不要放弃这个计划。 她去公园放松她自己。 我妈妈让我去买一些水果。 我想要观看一部有趣的电影。 My brother told me not to give up this plan. She went to the park to relax herself. My mum asked me to buy some fruits. I want to watch an interesting movie. 四. 完成译句 。 动词不定式 形式：to+动词原形（to有时省略） 否定：not to+动词原形 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语 概述 用法 作宾语 作宾补 作目的状语 作主语 to 的省略 疑问词+不定式 常用 it 作形式主语 want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn… it 作形式宾语 ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help… 可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾 感官动词 + 使役动词 本课语法 Summary 我都 学会了! Basic (必做) Write down the words, phrases and sentences in this lesson. Improving(选做) 2.Write 5 sentences with “verb + to do” structure to talk about your hobbies. Extend (选做) 3.Interview your family member about their hobbies and take notes with infinitives Homework Thank you ! $