Unit 1 核心词汇及短语-2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

Abby Lesson 1 Helping those in need vocabulary & phrases 02. Key words New words 1 offer v. 主动提出 offer to do ______________________ He offered me a cup of tea. = He offered a cup of tea to me. 主动提出做某事 He offered to carry the heavy box for me. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. ______________________ 提供给某人某物 I decided to accept their job offer. offer n. ______________________ 提议、报价、录取 They made an offer of $200,000 for the house. make an offer ______________________ 提出报价/提议) New words 1 近义词辨析 He offered me his umbrella.=He offered his umbrella to me. offer sb. sth. = 提供某人某物 The school provides students with textbooks.=The school provides textbooks for students. provide sb. with sth.= ______________________ provide sth. for sb. The pipes supply water to the whole city. =The pipes supply the whole city with water. supply sth. to sb.= ______________________ supply sb. with sth. My uncle gave me a book as a gift. =My uncle gave a book as a gift to me. give sb. sth.= ______________________ give sth. to sb. offer sth. to sb. New words 2 pain n. 疼痛；痛苦【u. 泛指】 The teacher was at great pains to explain the grammar rule clearly. pain n. ______________________ Do you have a pain in your back? c. 一阵阵的疼痛/一件痛苦的事/努力 The pain in my knee was unbearable. have/feel a pain (in...) ______________________ 感到（某部位）疼痛 He took great pains to make sure the party was perfect. take (great) pains to do sth ______________________ 不辞辛劳/煞费苦心地做某事 The injured man was clearly in great pain. in pain ______________________ 处于疼痛/痛苦中 The news caused her great pain. cause (sb.) pain ______________________ 引起（某人）疼痛/痛苦 New words 2 word formation The cut on my finger is very painful. painful adj. ______________________ 疼痛的；令人痛苦的（事物或身体部位） We’re looking for a painless way to save money. painless adj. ______________________ 无痛的；不费力的 He is painfully shy. painfully adv. ______________________ 痛苦地；极其，非常 She gave me a pained look when I mentioned his name. pained adj. ______________________ (神情、语气等) 痛苦的，难过的 New words 2 近义词辨析 He felt a sudden pain in his heart. 疼痛相关 I have a toothache/headache/stomachache. n/v. （身体部位）持续、隐隐的钝痛 My arm hurts. n/v. 使受伤/疼痛，可指身体或情感；伤害，创伤 I have a sore throat. adj. （身体部位）一碰就痛的，酸痛的 n/v. 突然或长期的剧痛、疼痛; 也指精神痛苦 After carrying the heavy box, I had a terrible ______ in my back. A. hurt B. pain C. sore D. ache B New words 3 belong v.属于；是……的成员【无被动语态无进行时态】 This book belongs to me. It has my name on it. belong to ____________ 表示“所有权”或“成员关系” belong in/ on / under / with _____________ 应归入某处或某类 A cup belongs in the cupboard, not on the floor. feel like one belongs _____________ 感到有归属感 After joining the team, I finally felt like I belonged. belongings n. _____________ [复数名词] 动产；财物；所有物 After the fire, they lost all their belongings. belonging n. _____________ [不可数名词] 归属感 A sense of belonging is very important for a child‘s development. 请用belong的正确形式填空 (注意介词搭配) This blue backpack ________ ______ Sarah. Look, her name tag is on it. These ancient paintings ________ ______ a museum, not in a private home. I feel like I don’t ________ here. Everyone else is so much more talented. Where should this key ________? I found it on the table. Please keep your personal _____________ (belong) safe during the trip. New words 3 Words practice belongs to belong in belong belong belongings New words 4 spare adj. 多余的，空闲的，备用的 Could you spare me a few minutes? I need to talk to you. Do you have any spare change? I need it for the bus. spare v. ____________ 抽出（时间、金钱等）；分出，让给 Could you spare me a few minutes? I need to talk to you. spare v. ____________ 抽出（时间、金钱等）；分出，让给 I want to spare you the trouble of doing it yourself. spare v. ____________ 使免遭，使免受 They spared no effort to rescue the trapped miners. spare no effort/pains to do ____________________ 不遗余力做某事 It‘s a good idea to leave a spare key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out. a spare key/tire/room ____________________ 备用钥匙/轮胎/房间 New words 4 近义词辨析 I read books in my spare time. 空闲相关 Are you free this afternoon? 自由的，有空的 We need extra chairs for the meeting. 额外的，追加的 “闲置的，备用的” New words 5 joy n. 高兴，喜悦，乐趣【u】 Her son is a great joy to her. joy n. ______________________ bring/give sb. joy ______________________ 令人高兴的人或事【c】 The news filled her heart with joy. 给某人带来快乐 Music brings great joy to my life. Her face was full of joy when she saw the gift. be full of joy / be filled with joy ______________________ 充满喜悦 She accepted the award with tears of joy. with joy ______________________ 高兴地 Her positive attitude makes her a joy to work with. a joy to do sth. ______________________ 做某事是一种乐趣 New words 5 word formation They had a joyful reunion after ten years apart. joyful adj. ______________________ 高兴的，令人喜悦的 The festival was a joyous occasion for the whole community. joyous adj. ______________________ 快乐的，充满欢乐的 Did you enjoy the movie last night? enjoy v. ______________________ 享受；喜爱 We had an enjoyable weekend at the beach. enjoyable adj. ______________________ 令人愉快的 New words 5 近义词辨析 The birth of their child brought them immense joy. 快乐相关 It‘s a pleasure to meet you. 泛指“愉快，满足感” Money doesn‘t always bring happiness 幸福，快乐的心理状态 We had a lot of fun at the party. 乐趣，有趣；娱乐性、轻松 强烈、持久、深厚的快乐与幸福感 To my delight, I got the job! 突然产生的强烈但可能短暂的快乐 请用joy, enjoy, joyful, enjoyable的正确形式填空 It‘s always a great ________ to see my old friends. Did you ________ yourself at the concert last night? The children’s ________ laughter could be heard everywhere in the park. We had a very ________ trip to the mountains. The air was so fresh. To the ________ of her parents, she was accepted into her dream university. New words 5 Words practice joy enjoy joyful enjoyable joy New words 6 raise v. 筹集（资金） The charity event raised over $10,000 for the hospital. He raised his hand to ask a question. The store raised the price of milk. They raised three children in that small town. A student raised an interesting point in class today. 举起，抬起（具体事物） 提高，增加（抽象事物） 抚养，养育；饲养 提出（议题、问题等） If you know the answer, please raise your hand instead of shouting it out. raise one’s hand ______________________ 举手 The students organized a bake sale to raise money for the local animal shelter. raise money / funds for... ______________________ 为…筹款 New words 7 permission n. 允许，许可，批准 The rules do not permit students to use mobile phones in class. You cannot leave the classroom without the teacher’s permission. permit v. ______________________ 允许，准许[及物动词] We‘ll go for a walk, time permitting. permit v. ______________________ 容许，有可能[不及物动词] You must ask for permission before borrowing anything. ask for / request permission ______________________ 请求许可 He used my computer without my permission. with / without (sb.’s) permission ______________________ 经/未经（某人）许可 This article is reprinted by permission of the author. by permission of... ______________________ 经…许可 New words 8 arrange v. 安排，筹备， 布置 arrange the furniture/flowers ______________________ 布置家具/插花 She arranged a surprise birthday party for her best friend. arrange for … to do ______________________ 安排…做某事 I‘ve arranged for a colleague to cover my work while I’m away. arrangement n. ______________________ 安排；布置；协议 All the arrangements for the wedding have been made. arranger n. ______________________ 安排者；改编者 (尤指音乐) He is not only a composer but also a talented music arranger. I‘ll arrange with my boss about my vacation dates. 与某人商定某事 arrange with sb. (about/for sth.) ______________________ It’s mighty cold outside today; you should wear a coat. New words 9 mighty adj. 强大的，有力量的，浩大的 In the story, the mighty warrior defeated the dragon with his sword. mighty adv. ______________________ 口语化，相当于very In the animal kingdom, the lion is often seen as one of the mighty. the mighty ______________________ 强者，有势力的人 She struggled with all her might to lift the heavy box. might n.______________________ 力量，威力 We had an almighty argument yesterday. almighty adj. ______________________ 全能的；极大的；糟糕的 New words 9 近义词辨析 the mighty Zeus 强大相关 a powerful engine/country/argument “强有力的，强大的”，指能力、力量、效力或影响力大 strong coffee/muscles/wind 强壮的，强烈的，坚固的，指体力、强度、程度高。 a forceful speaker/personality 强有力的，有说服力的，强调施加影响 “强大的，巨大的”，带文学、史诗或夸张色彩 He passed the exam with ease. New words 10 ease v. 减轻，缓解 This medicine will help to ease the pain. ease n. ______________________ 容易，安逸，舒适 with ease ______________________ 轻松地=easily Make yourself at ease. feel at ease ______________________ 感到自在/放松 His friendly smile put me at ease immediately. put/set sb. at ease ______________________ 使某人放松/不拘束 She felt ill at ease among so many strangers. ill at ease ______________________ 不自在，局促不安 New words 10 word formation This is an easy question to answer. easy adj. ______________________ 容易的；舒适的；随和的 I have an uneasy feeling that something is wrong. uneasy adj. ______________________ 不安的，担心的 There is growing public unease about the economy. unease n. ______________________ 不安，忧虑 Activity 1 Guess the words by pictures within 3 seconds Activity 2 Exercise 1 用括号内所给单词的正确形式或汉语提示完成句子。 Please take all your personal __________ (belong) when you get off the bus. The garden was a _________ (joy) sight in spring. He spared all his effort _________ (finish)the work on time. We have _____________ (permit) to camp in this forest from the park authorities. No one offered ___________(clean)the classroom after the party. We have an ______________(arrange): I cook and she cleans. She takes great ___________(pain) with her homework. He can _________(ease) finish the work in an hour. They __________(raise) three children in that small town. 10. I’ve got an __________(mighty) headache after staring at the computer all day. belongings joyful to finish permission to clean arrangement pains easily raised almighty 03. Key phrases New phrase 1 My grandfather suffers from arthritis, so his knees often hurt. suffer from 遭受（疾病、病痛）；受…折磨/困扰 suffer + 痛苦/损失本身，如：痛苦、损害、失败 The army suffered a defeat. She suffers from headaches. suffer from + 导致痛苦的原因，如：疾病、贫穷 New phrase 2 cheer sb. up 某人高兴起来、振作起来（代词放中间，名词放后面） Cheer up! Things will get better soon. cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来 She looks so sad. Let’s cheer her up. We all went to the stadium to cheer for our school team. cheer for sb./sth. 为…加油，为…喝彩 The crowd cheered the runners on as they approached the finish line. cheer sb. on 鼓励某人（尤指在比赛或努力过程中） New phrase 3 The sunny weather really raised our spirits after days of rain. raise one's spirits 使某人精神振奋；鼓舞某人的士气 They were in high spirits after winning the championship. in high/great spirits 情绪高涨，兴高采烈 He‘s been in low spirits ever since he lost his job. in low/poor spirits 情绪低落，意志消沉 It was a difficult time, but she managed to keep her spirits up. keep one‘s spirits up 保持高昂的情绪，不泄气 Activity 3 Exercise 2 用汉语提示完成句子。 1. 他患有严重的疾病。 He ___________ ____________ a serious illness. 2. 我给她讲了一些有趣的故事让她高兴起来。 I told her some funny stories to________ _________ ________. 3. 这个好消息真的使他振奋起来。 The good news really _________ ________ _________. 4. 自从她失业后，一直情绪低落。 She has been ________ _________ __________ since she lost her job. 5. 我们应该帮助那些有需要的人。 We should help those people ________ ________. 6. 出门前请收拾一下你的房间。 Please __________ __________ your room before going out. 7. 他试图说服她改变主意，但枉费心机。 He tried to persuade her to change her mind, but ________ __________. suffers from cheer her up raised his spirits in low spirits in need tidy up in vain 02 03 06 01 05 04 Key phrase Key words Homework？ 课堂总结 See you next day! $