内容正文:
Unit4 Eat Well 核心语法:一般现在时三单&可数/不可数名词
一、语法精讲
语法点一:一般现在时第三人称单数(核心考点,深化Unit3内容)
1. 核心概念
本单元聚焦一般现在时第三人称单数(简称“三单”)的精准运用,常用于描述他人的饮食习惯、饮食偏好等经常性动作,是中考基础必考点。当主语为第三人称单数时,实义动词需变形,情态动词(can等)后仍用动词原形,与非三单句式形成明确区分。
例:① He eats an egg for breakfast every day.(主语he是三单,eat变eats);② She can cook healthy food.(can后用动词原形cook,不受三单影响)。
2. 三单主语判定与动词变化规则
类别
具体内容
真题例句
三单主语
1. 人称代词:he/she/it;2. 单数名词:my mother, the boy;3. 不定代词:everyone, someone
【2025年河南中考】My mother eats vegetables every meal to keep healthy.
动词三单变化规则
1. 一般加-s(play→plays, eat→eats);2. 以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es(wash→washes, do→does);3. 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es(study→studies);4. 特殊变化(go→goes, have→has)
【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】He has a glass of milk every morning.
三单句式结构
肯定句:主语+三单动词+其他;否定句:主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他;疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其他?
【2025年浙江杭州中考】Does she like eating fruit?(疑问句);She doesn’t like spicy food.(否定句)
3. 关键用法(易错点突破)
频度副词位置:频度副词(usually, often, never等)置于三单动词前,如She often eats noodles for lunch.(不用She eats often...)。
例:【2025年山东济南中考】He never eats junk food.
does/doesn’t的用法:三单否定和疑问句需借助助动词does,后接动词原形,不可直接变动词三单,如Does he eat rice?(不用eats)。
特殊动词记忆:have的三单是has,go的三单是goes,需单独记忆,避免混淆。
例:【2025年湖北武汉中考模拟】My father has breakfast at 7:00.
语法点二:可数名词与不可数名词(配套考点,贴合饮食场景)
1. 核心概念
可数名词(Countable Nouns)指可以计数的名词,有单复数形式;不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)指无法直接计数的名词,无复数形式,常借助量词表达数量。本单元多围绕食物类名词展开,是区分数量表达的关键。
2. 分类与用法规则
名词类型
饮食类示例
修饰词与数量表达
真题例句
可数名词
apple, tomato, egg, noodle, hamburger
用many/some/any修饰;数量+复数形式,如two apples, some tomatoes
【2025年安徽中考】She eats two eggs every morning.
不可数名词
rice, bread, milk, water, meat, food(泛指)
用much/some/any修饰;借助量词,如a bowl of rice, a glass of milk
【2025年湖南长沙中考模拟】I drink a glass of milk every night.
易错提醒:1. 不可数名词无复数,作主语时be动词用is,如There is some bread on the plate;2. 部分名词可可数可不可数,如food(泛指食物不可数,具体种类可数)、fruit(同理)。
二、语法综合练习
(一)单项选择
1. 【2025年河南中考】My sister ______ a glass of milk and an egg for breakfast every morning.( )
A. have B. has C. is having D. had
2. 【2025年陕西中考模拟】—Does your father like eating ______? —Yes, he eats it every day.( )
A. rice B. apples C. eggs D. tomatoes
3. 【2025年四川成都中考】She often ______ noodles for lunch. They are her favorite food.( )
A. eat B. eats C. is eating D. ate
4. 【2025年福建福州中考模拟】There ______ some bread and two eggs on the table.( )
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. 【2025年湖北襄阳中考】—How many ______ do you eat every day? —Three. They are good for eyes.( )
A. carrot B. carrots C. milk D. bread
6. 【2025年江苏南京中考】He ______ never eats junk food. He keeps a healthy diet.( )
A. is B. does C. / D. has
7. 【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】—Does she like eating fruit? —______. She eats an apple every day.( )
A. Yes, she does B. No, she doesn’t C. Yes, she likes D. No, she isn’t
8. 【2025年浙江宁波中考】I want two ______ and a bowl of rice for dinner.( )
A. tomato B. tomatoes C. milk D. bread
9. 【2025年江西中考】My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen now. She usually cooks at this time.( )
A. cooks B. is cooking C. cook D. cooked
10. 【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】There isn’t ______ water in the bottle. Can you get some for me?( )
A. many B. much C. some D. any
(二)用所给词的适当形式或量词填空
(1) 【2025年广东广州中考】He ______ (eat) a banana every morning. It’s good for his health.
(2) 【2025年甘肃兰州中考】I want a ______ (bowl) of noodles and a glass of milk for breakfast.
(3) 【2025年山西中考模拟】She ______ (not like) eating spicy food. She thinks it’s too hot.
(4) 【2025年贵州贵阳中考】How many ______ (tomato) do you need for the salad?
(5) 【2025年海南海口中考模拟】There is some ______ (bread) on the plate. You can eat it.
(6) 【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】My father usually ______ (have) a cup of tea after dinner.
(7) 【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】They have two ______ (glass) of juice every afternoon.
(8) 【2025年湖北武汉中考】Does your brother ______ (like) eating rice? He often has it for lunch.
(9) 【2025年江苏苏州中考】There are some ______ (egg) in the fridge. We can make cakes.
(10) 【2025年安徽中考模拟】She drinks three ______ (bottle) of water every day.
(三)补全对话
对话1(场景:谈论早餐习惯)
备选词:eats, has, tomatoes, bread, doesn’t
A: Hi, Lucy! What do you have for breakfast every morning?
B: I ______ a glass of milk and some ______. What about you?
A: My brother ______ an egg and a hamburger every day. But I ______ like hamburgers.
B: Do you like vegetables?
A: Yes, I do. I often eat ______ for breakfast.
对话2(场景:超市购物,谈论食材)
备选词:bowls, eggs, milk, eats, tomatoes
A: What do we need to buy for dinner?
B: We need some ______, ______ and a bottle of ______.
A: How many ______ do we need?
B: Five. My mother ______ an egg every day, so we need more.
(四)按要求改写句子
1. He eats an apple every morning.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—______ he ______ an apple every morning?
—Yes, he ______.
2. She likes eating noodles.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ eating noodles.
3. He has a glass of milk for breakfast.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:a glass of milk)
______ ______ he ______ for breakfast?
4. There are some tomatoes on the table.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:some tomatoes)
______ ______ on the table?
5. She often eats rice for lunch.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:often)
______ ______ does she eat rice for lunch?
6. I eat two eggs every day.(改为第三人称单数句式)
He ______ two ______ every day.
7. There is some bread in the bag.(改为否定句)
There ______ ______ bread in the bag.
8. He likes eating junk food.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ he ______ eating junk food?
—No, he ______.
9. She drinks a bowl of soup every night.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:a bowl of)
______ ______ soup does she drink every night?
10. My father has breakfast at 7:00.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:at 7:00)
______ ______ your father ______ breakfast?
三、答案与详细解析
(一)单项选择
(1) B 解析:every morning提示一般现在时,主语my sister是三单,have的三单是has。【2025河南中考考点:一般现在时三单特殊变化】
(2) A 解析:答句中it指代不可数名词,选项中只有rice是不可数名词,其余均为可数复数。【2025陕西模拟考点:可数/不可数名词辨析】
(3) B 解析:often提示一般现在时,主语she是三单,动词eat变三单eats。【2025成都中考考点:一般现在时三单变化】
(4) A 解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,bread是不可数名词,be动词用is。【2025福州模拟考点:不可数名词与there be搭配】
(5) B 解析:how many后接可数名词复数,carrot的复数是carrots,其余选项为不可数名词。【2025襄阳中考考点:可数名词复数与how many搭配】
(6) C 解析:never是频度副词,置于实义动词eats前,无需加助动词,句子结构完整。【2025南京中考考点:频度副词位置】
(7) A 解析:问句用Does引导,答句需呼应,由“每天吃苹果”可知是肯定回答,用Yes, she does。【2025青岛模拟考点:一般现在时三单疑问句答句】
(8) B 解析:two后接可数名词复数,tomato的复数是tomatoes,其余选项为不可数名词。【2025宁波中考考点:可数名词复数变化】
(9) B 解析:now提示现在进行时,用is cooking;后句usually提示一般现在时,形成语境呼应。【2025江西中考考点:时态辨析与语境衔接】
(10) B 解析:water是不可数名词,否定句中用much修饰,many修饰可数复数,any表“一些”不强调数量。【2025昆明模拟考点:不可数名词修饰词】
(二)用所给词的适当形式或量词填空
(1) eats 解析:every morning提示一般现在时,主语he是三单,动词eat变eats。【2025广州中考考点:一般现在时三单变化】
(2) bowl 解析:a后接可数名词单数,a bowl of是固定量词搭配,表“一碗”。【2025兰州中考考点:不可数名词量词表达】
(3) doesn’t like 解析:主语she是三单,否定句借助doesn’t,后接动词原形like。【2025山西模拟考点:一般现在时三单否定】
(4) tomatoes 解析:how many后接可数名词复数,tomato的复数是tomatoes。【2025贵阳中考考点:可数名词复数变化】
(5) bread 解析:bread是不可数名词,无复数形式,some可修饰不可数名词。【2025海口模拟考点:不可数名词用法】
(6) has 解析:usually提示一般现在时,主语my father是三单,have的三单是has。【2025沈阳中考考点:一般现在时三单特殊变化】
(7) glasses 解析:two后接可数名词复数,glass的复数是glasses,a glass of表“一杯”。【2025西宁模拟考点:量词复数变化】
(8) like 解析:问句用Does引导,后接动词原形like。【2025武汉中考考点:一般现在时三单疑问句】
(9) eggs 解析:some后接可数名词复数,egg的复数是eggs。【2025苏州中考考点:可数名词复数用法】
(10) bottles 解析:three后接可数名词复数,bottle的复数是bottles,a bottle of表“一瓶”。【2025安徽模拟考点:量词复数变化】
(三)补全对话
对话1
答案:has; bread; eats; doesn’t; tomatoes
解析:第一空主语I用have,表“吃/喝”;第二空some后接不可数名词bread;第三空主语my brother是三单,用eats;第四空表否定,主语I用don’t;第五空some后接可数复数tomatoes,贴合蔬菜主题。
对话2
答案:tomatoes; eggs; milk; eggs; eats
解析:第一、二空填可数复数tomatoes和eggs,贴合食材主题;第三空a bottle of后接不可数名词milk;第四空how many后接复数eggs;第五空主语my mother是三单,用eats,呼应上下文。
(四)按要求改写句子
(1) Does; eat; does 解析:三单疑问句借助Does,后接动词原形eat;肯定回答用Yes, he does。
(2) doesn’t like 解析:主语she是三单,否定句借助doesn’t,后接动词原形like。
(3) What does; have 解析:对事物提问用what,三单疑问句借助Does,后接动词原形have。
(4) What is 解析:对事物提问用what,there be句型特殊疑问句为“What + is/are + 地点?”,tomatoes是复数但提问时用what is表泛指。
(5) How often 解析:对频度提问用how often,固定搭配。
(6) eats; eggs 解析:主语变he(三单),动词eat变eats;two后接复数eggs。
(7) isn’t any 解析:there be否定句,不可数名词用isn’t,some变any。
(8) Does; like; doesn’t 解析:三单疑问句借助Does,后接动词原形like;否定回答用No, he doesn’t。
(9) How much 解析:对不可数名词数量提问用how much,soup是不可数名词。
(10) When does; have 解析:对时间提问用when,三单疑问句借助Does,后接动词原形have。
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