Unit 8 Literature（知识清单）英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语Unit 8 Literature知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、写作三大核心模块，涵盖31个重点单词、16个核心短语、5个熟词生义、3种关键句型及状态动词与动作动词语法点，为学生搭建从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到语篇写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇拓展+语法辨析+写作分步指导”的三维设计构建知识体系，如“absorb”“submit”等词汇标注拓展用法及写作佳句，语法部分对比状态动词与动作动词的用法差异，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特别设置“经典练”模块，包含单句语法填空、微写作等分层练习，如“stare”“forgive”等词汇配有同义替换训练，助力不同水平学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂巩固或课后拓展，提升教学针对性。

Unit 8 Literature 单词 1.folk adj.民间的，民俗的 2.subjective adj.主观的；主语的 3.recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵 4.riddle n.迷，谜语；谜团 5.structure n.结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 6.shelf n.搁板，架子 7.stare vi.凝视，盯着看 8.blank adj.空白的 n.（纸张上的）空白处,空格 9.blanket n.毯子,毛毯 10.aside adv.到旁边,在旁边 11.backwards adv.往回，往前面；向后,朝后 12.sail vi.& vt.飘；（乘船）航行 13.fetch vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来；（去）找来 14.disbelief n.不信,怀疑 15.curtain n.窗帘；门帘；帘子 16.clothing n.服装,衣服 17.sweep n.挥动；打扫vt.& vi.扫，打扫 18.wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛;漫步于 19.bay n.湾，海湾 20.wave n.海浪，波涛；（行为、活动或感情的）一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 21.sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没 22.ease n.轻易，毫不费劲 23.chest n.胸部，胸膛 24.whale n.鲸 25.weapon n.武器，兵器；凶器 26.steel n.钢，钢铁 27.solid adj.固体的；坚硬的 28.aboard prep.& adv.在（船，飞机，火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车） 29.forgive vi.& vt.原谅,宽恕，饶恕 30.fence vi.击剑 n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆 31.handkerchief n.手帕 短语 1.figure out解决；弄明白；想出 2.hunt for寻找 3.stare at凝视 4.in an attempt to试图…… 5.with disbelief不相信；怀疑 6.hold on抓住；坚持 7.with pain痛苦地 8.wet through湿透 9.in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 10.with ease容易地 11.respond to回答；回应 12.come across遇上 13.in silence沉默地 14.take...for granted视……为理所当然（而对其不重视） 15.as with和……一样 16.at fault有过错 熟词生义 solid adj. 可靠的 stretch . 一片，一段 blanket . 厚的覆盖层 absorb v. 理解 sink n. 水槽，水池 句型 1.The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.（find+宾语+宾语补足语）昨天早上，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，痛苦不堪。 2.The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.（so...that...） 碰撞如此猛烈，以至于我不记得自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 3.Some moments after， eight strong men， their faces covered， appeared noiselessly， and drew us down into their incredible machine.（独立主格结构） 过了一会儿，八个强壮的男人蒙着脸悄无声息地出现了，并把我们拉进了不可思议的机器里。 语法 1. 状态动词和动作动词 一、词汇清单 知识点1 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的,引人入胜的 【拓展】 （1）absorbed adj. 专心致志的 be absorbed into... 融入……之中 （2）absorb v.吸收；吸引（全部注意力），使全神贯注；理解 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 absorb...into... 把……融入……之中 【写作佳句】The hummingbird uttered a squeaking call and it seemed as if it was trying to absorb my attention. 蜂鸟发出一声吱吱的叫声，似乎在试图吸引我的注意。 【经典练】单句语法填空/句式升级 ①This _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （absorb） new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）. ②The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words _  _   its daily vocabulary. ③ The artist was so absorbed in his painting that he didn't hear the doorbell ring. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , the artist didn't hear the doorbell ring. （过去分词短语作状语） →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  , the artist didn't hear the doorbell ring. （现在分词短语作状语） 知识点2 submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递（文件等）；服从 【拓展】 （1）submit...to... 向……提交…… submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit （oneself） to... 甘受……的摆布；服从于…… （2）submission n.提交的文件；屈服；服从 【写作佳句】（1）The rule that the minority should submit to the majority is a widely accepted principle, but people with superior knowledge are always in the minority.“少数服从多数”是广受认同的原则，但见识超群的人总是占少数。 （2）It is necessary to fix a definite date for the submission of your paper.为你的论文定一个明确的提交日期是有必要的。 【经典练】单句语法填空/微写作 ① They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （submit） a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. ② We've received about 120 _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （submit）.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. ③ 有兴趣参加夏令营的同学，请于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   the Office of the Student Association by May 15. ④ 在任何情况下我们都不应该屈服于生活中的挑战和困难。 Under no circumstance _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _    _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   in life. 知识点3 stare vi.凝视，盯着看 n.凝视 【拓展】 （1）stare at 凝视 （2）glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 at a/first glance 乍一看；一看就…… give/take a glance at 粗略地看一下 （3）glare at 怒视，瞪着 【写作佳句】When watching horror movies, people would stare at the screen, holding their breath and shaking with fear.看恐怖电影时，人们会盯着屏幕，屏住呼吸，害怕得发抖。 【经典练】单句语法填空/同义替换 1 She glared him， her cheeks flushing. ② A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared us. ③ He glanced at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. →He _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. 知识点4 disbelief n.不信，怀疑 【拓展】 （1）believe v. 相信 believe in 信任；依赖；相信 believe it or not 信不信由你 （2）belief n.看法；信念 have/lose belief in ... 相信/不再相信…… beyond （one's） belief 难以置信 hold the belief that... 持有……的观点 It is one's belief that... 某人相信…… 【写作佳句】I hold the firm belief that I can get along smoothly with my work.我坚信我能顺利地开展工作。 【经典练】单句语法填空/句型转换 ① In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief _  _   populations are increasing. ② I don't believe you， for I don't believe you. ③ Years of doubt and _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （belief）disappeared like the passing storm. ④ I believe that good manners are very important to everybody. →_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   good manners are very important to everybody.（belief） 知识点5 ease n.轻易，毫不费劲 vt.减轻（痛苦、忧虑等）；降低；缓和 【拓展】 （1）at ease 放心；无拘无束 feel at ease 感到放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 with ease 容易 （2）ease sb. of.. .减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等） 【写作佳句】Playing basketball is a good way to ease our great study pressure and bring some pleasure at the same time.打篮球是缓解我们巨大的学习压力并同时能带来一些乐趣的好方法。 【经典练】单句语法填空/微写作 ①The best way _  _  _  _  _  _  （ease） pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. ② The music moves through technically difficult sections _  _   ease, showing his genius as a composer. ③ 大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我的鼓励的话语使他放松下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。 David was frightened and nervous at the beginning but_  _ _ _  _  _  _  _  _   and he headed for the starting line with his head raised. 知识点6 strike vi.& vt.打,击，撞；突然发生不幸；罢工；（时钟等）敲响，报（时）；划（火柴）；侵袭；给人以……印象；打动 n.罢工；打击 【拓展】 （1）It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… strike sb.in/on+the+身体部位 打某人的某个部位 be struck with/by... 被……所袭击；被……所感动 （2）be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 【写作佳句】When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets， a stone struck him on his back， which made him very angry.当汤姆在街上漫无目的地闲逛时，一块石头击中了他的背部，这让他非常生气。 【经典练】写出下列句中strike的词性及含义/微写作 ① The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight._  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   ② Watching Tibetan antelopes move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. _  _  _  _  _  _   ③ In America, workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. _  _  _  _  _  _   ④ The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar._  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   ⑤ 因为我感动于他为我所做的一切，我说不出话来，感激的泪水模糊了我的眼睛。 _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ ， I couldn't utter a word， tears of gratitude clouding my eyes. 知识点7 aboard prep.& adv.在（船,飞机,火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车） 【拓展】 （1）go aboard 上船（飞机、火车等） （2）board vt.& vi.上（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等） n.木板；董事会；伙食 on board 在（船、飞机、火车等）上 （3）broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 broad smile 笑容满面 （4）abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 【写作佳句】The company's products are popular at home and abroad, receiving positive reviews from customers all over the world. 公司的产品在国内外都很受欢迎，受到全世界顾客的好评。 【经典练】微写作 ① 她们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。 They had said goodbye to each other before _  _  _  _  _  _  __  _  _  _  ， but the mother kept waving hands to _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  __  _ _  _  _   until the train went out of sight. ② 她计划明年出国参加一个文化交流项目，渴望学习不同的传统并提高她的语言技能。 __  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ _  _    , eager to learn about different traditions and improve her language skills. ③ 他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。 He is tall _  _  _  _    _  _   and a beard and always _  _  _  __  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  . 知识点8 comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n.舒适感，满足感 【拓展】 （1）in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to/for 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 （2）comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 （3）comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的 comfortably adv.舒适地 【写作佳句】Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. 或许我们安慰自己，我们说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：我们为了保护他人免受真相的伤害而说的小谎言。 【经典练】单句语法填空/语段填空/词汇升级 ① In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kind of pressure although they are leading a _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （comfort） life. ② In times of trouble, a kind word can _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  __  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （对那些处于痛苦中的人来说是一种极大的安慰）. A true friend will _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ _  _  _  _  _  _  （为他人的损失和挫折给予安慰）. _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （让我们欣慰的是）, there are always people who are willing to offer support. ③ He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably. →He had to save enough money so that he could live _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  . 知识点9 forgive vi. & vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕 【拓展】 （1） forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人（做）某事 forgive sb. for doing sth. forgive sb.’s doing sth forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 （2）forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 【写作佳句】They agreed to forgive and forget and became friendly again.他们同意摒弃前嫌，重新和好。 【经典练】单句语法填空/同义替换 ① I shall never forgive myself _  _   failing to help you when you were in danger. ② You can choose to forgive someone who has hurt you even if they don't deserve or ask for _  _ （forgive）. ③ Please forgive my interrupting，but I really don't agree with that. →Please _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  __  _  ， but I really don't agree with that. 知识点10 hold on 抓住；坚持，挺住;（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂断 【拓展】 hold back 阻挡；退缩；控制 hold out （食物等）维持；伸出；坚持 hold off 推迟，延迟；（使）疏远或避开 hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫 hold onto 紧紧抓住，坚持；保持住 【写作佳句】She managed to hold onto her position with a few colleagues of hers having lost their jobs.当她的几名同事已经失业时，她却设法保住了自己的职位。 【经典练】用hold的相关短语填空/微写作 ① If an overweight person is having a large portion， I'll _  _    a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. ② _  _  _  _  _  _  ， please. I'll get my brother Tom here. ③ Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, _  _   an entire line. ④ 面对敌人的猛烈进攻，这支队伍坚守了一个星期。 The army _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _   in the face of heavy enemy attack. 二、语法清单 状态动词和动作动词 【精讲·语法知识】 英语中动词可分为两类:状态动词(State verbs)和动作动词(Activity verbs)。 · 动作动词描述动作,可用于一般时态和进行时态; · 状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态 （一）动作动词 动作动词可分为三类 (1)表示短暂性动作的动词,如:jump,knock,open,close,buy,sell,borrow,die,lend,kill等。 Listen!Someone is knocking on the door. Last Sunday I bought a lot of interesting books,including some collections of fairy tales. (2)表示延续性动作的动词,如:keep,stand,sit,walk,run,stay,work,do,teach,study,talk,communicate,shout,cry,drive,eat,drink等。 Every morning,I run in the park for about an hour. (3)表示位移和状态变化的动词,如:go,come,start,leave,arrive,reach,move,begin,end,drop,fall等。这其中也包括表示状态变化的系动词become,get,turn,grow等,这些系动词后常用形容词作表语,而不用副词作表语。 Our flight leaves at ten tomorrow morning. （二）状态动词 状态动词可分为四类 (1)表示思维活动的动词,如:admit,agree,believe,know,mean,realise,remember, think,understand,want等。 Bill admitted that he didn’t understand the problem at all. (2)表示拥有和存在的动词,如:be,own,possess,have,include,contain,appear,belong,seem等。 My uncle has a company in New York. (3)表示感官的动词,即系动词,如:feel,hear,see,look,taste,sound,smell等。此类动词后常用形容词作表语,而不用副词。 The movie sounds so interesting that I can’t wait to see it. (4)表示情感的动词,如:love,like,dislike,hate,care,adore,hope等。 Nearly everyone dislikes being laughed at in public. 【经典练】 1.I _____________ knowing your interest in Chinese history. 知道你对中国历史感兴趣,我感到很自豪。 2. ______________________________. 他在一次事故中丧生。 3.As an outgoing girl,______________________________________. 作为一个外向的女孩,我和同学相处得很好。 4. ______________________________. 我正在考虑我的考试。 5._______________________________. 这肉味道真好。 6._______________________________(我房间正举行派对). Can we have three more cups? (have) 三、写作清单 【考试说明】 提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。 【命题解读】 1.所给语篇属于故事类记叙文，所选语言材料具有故事性、逻辑性、合理性等特点； 2.段落开头语是故事情节发展的提示，对续写故事的发展有引导和限制作用； 3.读后续写的主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境展开，内容涉及家庭、校园、旅游等方面的生活体验。续写主题以彰显人性美，体现人与社会、人与自然和谐相处为主； 4.续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，这也是题目的开放性所在。学生可以根据自己对材料的理解，对续写部分有不同的诠释。但是，续写不能脱离原文，做无源之猜想，更不能宣扬负能量。 【真题】 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue （队列） still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it,” he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.” I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.__________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.__________ 【示例·分步写作】 一审——审要素 When&where I met Gunter on a cold, wet and ____________________ in September. I had planned to fly to _________ and take a bus to _______ for a conference. Who I；_______ What happened？ I _____________ in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into ____________ on the rank without a second thought. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and ______________. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into ______________. Just then I realised that I had __________ in my wallet. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped _________ in, only to read the message: “_____________. Sorry.” How did I feel？ The moment I got off the plane, I ran like ______... ___________, there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with ___________ on his face. I flashed him an __________ smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. A feeling of ____________ washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. I jumped out of the car, made a _____ run for the machine... 二定——定主题：正能量原则 最大的冲突 With Gunter's help, I arrived at the bus station in time but I __could __ couldn't pay Gunter the taxi fare. 解决 Gunter __ charged __ didn't charge me. I promised to pay back Gunter and __ didn't keep __ kept my promise. 主题 kindness, trust and honesty 三推测——两步段首句定发展：“三衔接”原则 标出段首句的关键词 ①根据第一段段首句可知，“我”跑回去告诉冈特这个坏消息。之后的衔接应为：冈特听到坏消息后的反应。 ②根据第二段段首句可知，四天后，当“我”回到维也纳时，“我”按照承诺给冈特打了电话。由此可推测第一段的结局：冈特帮助了“我”，使“我”能够顺利登上公共汽车。 ③由此可知，第二段段首句之后的衔接为：“我”和冈特之后的互动。 四构思——Q&A模式 构思每段三个微情节（利用“六所”技巧） 第一段段首句：I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. 根据第一段段首句的关键词 _____________和第二段段首句的关键词_______________、______和____________构思三个微情节: ［Question 1］ How did I feel？（所感） ［Answer］ _____________________________ ［Question 2］ What's Gunter's reaction?（所做）（根据正能量原则作答） ［Answer］ _________________ ［Question 3］ What's my promise?（所说）（根据第二段段首句作答） ［Answer］ ___________________________________________________ 第二段段首句：Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. 根据第二段段首句的关键词_______________、______和____________构思三个微情节： ［Question 1］ What's Gunter's reaction?（所感、所说） ［Answer］ ______________________________________ ［Question 2］ What happened when we met?（所做）（根据正能量原则作答） ［Answer］ _________________________________________ ［Question 3］ What did I learn from the experience?（总结全文,升华主题） ［Answer］ ___________________________________________________ 五成文——梳理思路，草拟正文 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ____________________________ ________________________________________________ ___ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Literature 单词 1.folk adj.民间的，民俗的 2.subjective adj.主观的；主语的 3.recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵 4.riddle n.迷，谜语；谜团 5.structure n.结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 6.shelf n.搁板，架子 7.stare vi.凝视，盯着看 8.blank adj.空白的 n.（纸张上的）空白处,空格 9.blanket n.毯子,毛毯 10.aside adv.到旁边,在旁边 11.backwards adv.往回，往前面；向后,朝后 12.sail vi.& vt.飘；（乘船）航行 13.fetch vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来；（去）找来 14.disbelief n.不信,怀疑 15.curtain n.窗帘；门帘；帘子 16.clothing n.服装,衣服 17.sweep n.挥动；打扫vt.& vi.扫，打扫 18.wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛;漫步于 19.bay n.湾，海湾 20.wave n.海浪，波涛；（行为、活动或感情的）一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 21.sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没 22.ease n.轻易，毫不费劲 23.chest n.胸部，胸膛 24.whale n.鲸 25.weapon n.武器，兵器；凶器 26.steel n.钢，钢铁 27.solid adj.固体的；坚硬的 28.aboard prep.& adv.在（船，飞机，火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车） 29.forgive vi.& vt.原谅,宽恕，饶恕 30.fence vi.击剑 n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆 31.handkerchief n.手帕 短语 1.figure out解决；弄明白；想出 2.hunt for寻找 3.stare at凝视 4.in an attempt to试图…… 5.with disbelief不相信；怀疑 6.hold on抓住；坚持 7.with pain痛苦地 8.wet through湿透 9.in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 10.with ease容易地 11.respond to回答；回应 12.come across遇上 13.in silence沉默地 14.take...for granted视……为理所当然（而对其不重视） 15.as with和……一样 16.at fault有过错 熟词生义 solid adj. 可靠的 stretch . 一片，一段 blanket . 厚的覆盖层 absorb v. 理解 sink n. 水槽，水池 句型 1.The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.（find+宾语+宾语补足语）昨天早上，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，痛苦不堪。 2.The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.（so...that...） 碰撞如此猛烈，以至于我不记得自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 3.Some moments after， eight strong men， their faces covered， appeared noiselessly， and drew us down into their incredible machine.（独立主格结构） 过了一会儿，八个强壮的男人蒙着脸悄无声息地出现了，并把我们拉进了不可思议的机器里。 语法 1.状态动词和动作动词 一、词汇清单 知识点1 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的,引人入胜的 【拓展】 （1）absorbed adj. 专心致志的 be absorbed into... 融入……之中 （2）absorb v.吸收；吸引（全部注意力），使全神贯注；理解 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 absorb...into... 把……融入……之中 【写作佳句】The hummingbird uttered a squeaking call and it seemed as if it was trying to absorb my attention. 蜂鸟发出一声吱吱的叫声，似乎在试图吸引我的注意。 【经典练】单句语法填空/句式升级］ ①This absorbing  （absorb） new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）. ②The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. ③ The artist was so absorbed in his painting that he didn't hear the doorbell ring. →Absorbed in his painting  , the artist didn't hear the doorbell ring. （过去分词短语作状语） →Absorbing himself in painting  , the artist didn't hear the doorbell ring. （现在分词短语作状语） 知识点2 submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递（文件等）；服从 【拓展】 （1）submit...to... 向……提交…… submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit （oneself） to... 甘受……的摆布；服从于…… （2）submission n.提交的文件；屈服；服从 【写作佳句】（1）The rule that the minority should submit to the majority is a widely accepted principle, but people with superior knowledge are always in the minority.“少数服从多数”是广受认同的原则，但见识超群的人总是占少数。 （2）It is necessary to fix a definite date for the submission of your paper.为你的论文定一个明确的提交日期是有必要的。 【经典练】单句语法填空/微写作 ① They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit（submit） a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. ② We've received about 120 submissions （submit）.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. ③ 有兴趣参加夏令营的同学，请于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials to   the Office of the Student Association by May 15. ④ 在任何情况下我们都不应该屈服于生活中的挑战和困难。 Under no circumstance should we submit （ourselves） to the challenges and hardships   in life. 知识点3 stare vi.凝视，盯着看 n.凝视 【拓展】 （1）stare at 凝视 （2）glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 at a/first glance 乍一看；一看就…… give/take a glance at 粗略地看一下 （3）glare at 怒视，瞪着 【写作佳句】When watching horror movies, people would stare at the screen, holding their breath and shaking with fear.看恐怖电影时，人们会盯着屏幕，屏住呼吸，害怕得发抖。 【经典练】单句语法填空/同义替换 ① She glared at him， her cheeks flushing. ② A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. ③ He glanced at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. →He gave/took a glance at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. 知识点4 disbelief n.不信，怀疑 【拓展】 （1）believe v. 相信 believe in 信任；依赖；相信 believe it or not 信不信由你 （2）belief n.看法；信念 have/lose belief in ... 相信/不再相信…… beyond （one's） belief 难以置信 hold the belief that... 持有……的观点 It is one's belief that... 某人相信…… 【写作佳句】I hold the firm belief that I can get along smoothly with my work.我坚信我能顺利地开展工作。 【经典练】单句语法填空/句型转换 ① In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief  that populations are increasing. ② I don't believe you， for I don't believe in you. ③ Years of doubt and disbelief（belief）disappeared like the passing storm. ④ I believe that good manners are very important to everybody. → It is my belief that good manners are very important to everybody.（belief） 知识点5 ease n.轻易，毫不费劲 vt.减轻（痛苦、忧虑等）；降低；缓和 【拓展】 （1）at ease 放心；无拘无束 feel at ease 感到放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 with ease 容易 （2）ease sb. of.. .减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等） 【写作佳句】Playing basketball is a good way to ease our great study pressure and bring some pleasure at the same time.打篮球是缓解我们巨大的学习压力并同时能带来一些乐趣的好方法。 【经典练】单句语法填空/微写作 ①The best way  to ease（ease） pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. ② The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer. ③ 大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我的鼓励的话语使他放松下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。 David was frightened and nervous at the beginning but my encouraging words put him at ease/made him feel at ease and he headed for the starting line with his head raised. 知识点6 strike vi.& vt.打,击，撞；突然发生不幸；罢工；（时钟等）敲响，报（时）；划（火柴）；侵袭；给人以……印象；打动 n.罢工；打击 【拓展】 （1）It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… strike sb.in/on+the+身体部位 打某人的某个部位 be struck with/by... 被……所袭击；被……所感动 （2）be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 【写作佳句】When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets， a stone struck him on his back， which made him very angry.当汤姆在街上漫无目的地闲逛时，一块石头击中了他的背部，这让他非常生气。 【经典练】写出下列句中strike的词性及含义/微写作 ① The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. v.（钟）敲响 ② Watching Tibetan antelopes move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. v.打动 ③ In America, workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.  n.罢工 ④ The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar. v.划（火柴） ⑤ 因为我感动于他为我所做的一切，我说不出话来，感激的泪水模糊了我的眼睛。 Struck with/by what he had done for me， I couldn't utter a word， tears of gratitude clouding my eyes. 知识点7 aboard prep.& adv.在（船,飞机,火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车） 【拓展】 （1）go aboard 上船（飞机、火车等） （2）board vt.& vi.上（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等） n.木板；董事会；伙食 on board 在（船、飞机、火车等）上 （3）broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 broad smile 笑容满面 （4）abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 【写作佳句】The company's products are popular at home and abroad, receiving positive reviews from customers all over the world. 公司的产品在国内外都很受欢迎，受到全世界顾客的好评。 【经典练】微写作 ① 她们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。 They had said goodbye to each other before going aboard/boarding the train， but the mother kept waving hands to  her daughter on board until the train went out of sight. ② 她计划明年出国参加一个文化交流项目，渴望学习不同的传统并提高她的语言技能。 She plans to go abroad next year for a cultural exchange program, eager to learn about different traditions and improve her language skills. ③ 他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。 He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile. 知识点8 comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n.舒适感，满足感 【拓展】 （1）in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to/for 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 （2）comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 （3）comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的 comfortably adv.舒适地 【写作佳句】Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. 或许我们安慰自己，我们说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：我们为了保护他人免受真相的伤害而说的小谎言。 【经典练】单句语法填空/语段填空/词汇升级 ① In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kind of pressure although they are leading a comfortable（comfort） life. ② In times of trouble, a kind word can be a great comfort to/for those in distress（对那些处于痛苦中的人来说是一种极大的安慰）. A true friend will comfort others for their losses and setbacks（为他人的损失和挫折给予安慰）. To our comfort（让我们欣慰的是）, there are always people who are willing to offer support.③ He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably. →He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort. 知识点9 forgive vi. & vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕 【拓展】 （1） forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人（做）某事 forgive sb. for doing sth. forgive sb.’s doing sth forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 （2）forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 【写作佳句】They agreed to forgive and forget and became friendly again.他们同意摒弃前嫌，重新和好。 【经典练】单句语法填空/同义替换 ① I shall never forgive myself for failing to help you when you were in danger. ② You can choose to forgive someone who has hurt you even if they don't deserve or ask for forgiveness（forgive）. ③ Please forgive my interrupting，but I really don't agree with that. →Please forgive me for interrupting， but I really don't agree with that. 知识点10 hold on 抓住；坚持，挺住;（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂断 【拓展】 hold back 阻挡；退缩；控制 hold out （食物等）维持；伸出；坚持 hold off 推迟，延迟；（使）疏远或避开 hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫 hold onto 紧紧抓住，坚持；保持住 【写作佳句】She managed to hold onto her position with a few colleagues of hers having lost their jobs.当她的几名同事已经失业时，她却设法保住了自己的职位。 【经典练】用hold的相关短语填空/微写作 ① If an overweight person is having a large portion， I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. ②  Hold on， please. I'll get my brother Tom here. ③ Any small interruption—a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. ④ 面对敌人的猛烈进攻，这支队伍坚守了一个星期。 The army held out for a week in the face of heavy enemy attack. 二、语法清单 状态动词和动作动词 【精讲·语法知识】 英语中动词可分为两类:状态动词(State verbs)和动作动词(Activity verbs)。 · 动作动词描述动作,可用于一般时态和进行时态; · 状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态 （一）动作动词 动作动词可分为三类 (1)表示短暂性动作的动词,如:jump,knock,open,close,buy,sell,borrow,die,lend,kill等。 Listen!Someone is knocking on the door. Last Sunday I bought a lot of interesting books,including some collections of fairy tales. (2)表示延续性动作的动词,如:keep,stand,sit,walk,run,stay,work,do,teach,study,talk,communicate,shout,cry,drive,eat,drink等。 Every morning,I run in the park for about an hour. (3)表示位移和状态变化的动词,如:go,come,start,leave,arrive,reach,move,begin,end,drop,fall等。这其中也包括表示状态变化的系动词become,get,turn,grow等,这些系动词后常用形容词作表语,而不用副词作表语。 Our flight leaves at ten tomorrow morning. （二）状态动词 状态动词可分为四类 (1)表示思维活动的动词,如:admit,agree,believe,know,mean,realise,remember, think,understand,want等。 Bill admitted that he didn’t understand the problem at all. (2)表示拥有和存在的动词,如:be,own,possess,have,include,contain,appear,belong,seem等。 My uncle has a company in New York. (3)表示感官的动词,即系动词,如:feel,hear,see,look,taste,sound,smell等。此类动词后常用形容词作表语,而不用副词。 The movie sounds so interesting that I can’t wait to see it. (4)表示情感的动词,如:love,like,dislike,hate,care,adore,hope等。 Nearly everyone dislikes being laughed at in public. 【经典练】 1. 完成句子 1.I _feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. 知道你对中国历史感兴趣,我感到很自豪。 2. He died in an accident.他在一次事故中丧生。 3.As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates_. 作为一个外向的女孩,我和同学相处得很好。 4.I'm thinking about my exam. 我正在考虑我的考试。 5.The meat tastes delicious. 这肉味道真好。 6. We are having a party in my room.(我房间正举行派对). Can we have three more cups? (have) 三、写作清单 【考试说明】 提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。 【命题解读】 1.所给语篇属于故事类记叙文，所选语言材料具有故事性、逻辑性、合理性等特点； 2.段落开头语是故事情节发展的提示，对续写故事的发展有引导和限制作用； 3.读后续写的主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境展开，内容涉及家庭、校园、旅游等方面的生活体验。续写主题以彰显人性美，体现人与社会、人与自然和谐相处为主； 4.续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，这也是题目的开放性所在。学生可以根据自己对材料的理解，对续写部分有不同的诠释。但是，续写不能脱离原文，做无源之猜想，更不能宣扬负能量。 【真题】 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue （队列） still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it,” he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.” I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.__________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.__________ 【示例·分步写作】 一审——审要素 When&where I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Who I；Gunter What happened？ I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station Just then I realised that I had_zero cash in my wallet. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.” How did I feel？ The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy... Thankfully, there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine... 二定——定主题：正能量原则 最大的冲突 With Gunter's help, I arrived at the bus station in time but I __could √ couldn't pay Gunter the taxi fare. 解决 Gunter __ charged √ didn't charge me. I promised to pay back Gunter and __ didn't keep√ kept my promise. 主题 kindness, trust and honesty 三推测——两步段首句定发展：“三衔接”原则 标出段首句的关键词 ①根据第一段段首句可知，“我”跑回去告诉冈特这个坏消息。之后的衔接应为：冈特听到坏消息后的反应。 ②根据第二段段首句可知，四天后，当“我”回到维也纳时，“我”按照承诺给冈特打了电话。由此可推测第一段的结局：冈特帮助了“我”，使“我”能够顺利登上公共汽车。 ③由此可知，第二段段首句之后的衔接为：“我”和冈特之后的互动。 四构思——Q&A模式 构思每段三个微情节（利用“六所”技巧） 第一段段首句：I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. 根据第一段段首句的关键词the bad news和第二段段首句的关键词Four days later、called和as promised构思三个微情节: ［Question 1］ How did I feel？（所感） ［Answer］ I felt embarrassed and ashamed. ［Question 2］ What's Gunter's reaction?（所做）（根据正能量原则作答） ［Answer］ He comforted me. ［Question 3］ What's my promise?（所说）（根据第二段段首句作答） ［Answer］ I promised to call him and pay the fare four days later. 第二段段首句：Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. 根据第二段段首句的关键词Four days later、called和as promised构思三个微情节： ［Question 1］ What's Gunter's reaction?（所感、所说） ［Answer］ He was surprised but agreed to meet me. ［Question 2］ What happened when we met?（所做）（根据正能量原则作答） ［Answer］I paid the fare and we became good friends. ［Question 3］ What did I learn from the experience?（总结全文,升华主题） ［Answer］Gunter helped me and he made me realise the meaning of trust and kindness. 五成文——梳理思路，草拟正文 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. I was at a loss what to do, guilty and embarrassed. Much to my surprise, however, Gunter urged me to get on the bus right away. He added that I didn't have to pay him because it was not my fault, with a comforting smile on his face. Instantly, an intense wave of relief and gratitude surrounded me like a beam of sunlight. Before boarding the bus, I asked Gunter for his phone number, promising that I would definitely call and pay him when returning to Vienna four days later. Then, he waved me good-bye and wished me a good journey. Hardly had I settled on the bus when it started to move. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. Unexpected but delighted, he agreed to meet me. A few minutes later, when Gunter got out of his car and approached me, I rushed to him, gave him a bear hug, and expressed my sincere appreciation to him. Then I gave him the money along with a small gift. I gratefully told him that it was with his assistance that I attended my important conference in time. Hearing what I said, Gunter was happy for me, responding with a big smile again. Our chance encounter became the beginning of our genuine friendship. As it turned out, not only did Gunter help me make it to my destination, but he also planted the seed of trust and kindness in my heart. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $