内容正文:
动 词
1
语法聚焦
2
【教材链接】
七年级上册Unit 1、Units 5-6及语法附属页P89-91;
七年级下册Unit 1、Unit 4、Units 6-8、Units 10-12及语法附属页P110-115;
八年级上册Unit 1、Units 5-10及语法附属页P115-116;
八年级下册Units 1-3、Unit 5、Units 8-10及语法附属页P108-112;
九年级全一册Units 4-8、Units 10-14及语法附属页P150-152。
语法聚焦
【2026年浙江中考考向预测】
在浙江中考中,动词及动词短语的考查频率非常高。完形填空一般会考查3-7个动词辨析,1-2个动词短语辨析;词汇运用考查动词的时态、语态及常用搭配,一般词形都会有变化;动词在语法填空中的考查与词汇运用基本相同,偶尔也会考查填入be动词的正确形式。预测2026年浙江中考仍然延续以往风格:完形填空考查动词及动词短语辨析;词汇运用和语法填空考查动词的时态、语态及常用搭配。
语法聚焦
1.动词的分类
按动词的词
汇意义和语
法功能分 实义动词 及物动词作谓语 如:She takes the bus every day. 她天天坐公交车。
不及物动词作谓语 如:We go to school on foot. 我们步行上学。
考点透视
5
按动词的词汇意义和语法功能分 系动词(用法详见本课时“考点2”) 和表语一起说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份 如:Linda is my sister. 琳达是我的妹妹。
助动词(用法详见本课时“考点3”) 和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式 如:We are playing football. 我们正在踢足球。
情态动词(用法详见本课时“考点4”) 和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态 如:I think you should go to college.
我认为你应该去上大学。
考点透视
按动词的语
法功能分 谓语动词 在句中作谓语 如:I have a cat. 我有一只猫。
非谓语动词
(用法详见第9课时“非谓语动词”) 动词不定式 由“to+动词原形”构成
动名词 由“动词+-ing”构成
分词 现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成
过去分词由“动词+-ed”构成
考点透视
2.动词的基本形式
原形 没有经过任何变形,即词典中一般给出的形式 如:be; do; have; come
第三人称
单数形式 一般在动词词尾加-s 如:help→helps; work→works; grow→grows
以s,x,sh,ch或o结尾的动词加-es 如:pass→passes; fix→fixes; wash→washes;
teach→teaches; go→goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es 如:study→studies; carry→carries; fly→flies
不规则变化 如:have→has
考点透视
过去式/
过去分词 一般在动词词尾加-ed 如:ask→asked; answer→answered;
want→wanted; stay→stayed
以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加-d 如:live→lived; dance→danced
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-ed 如:carry→carried; study→studied
考点透视
过去式/过去分词 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed 如:stop→stopped; plan→planned;
drop→dropped; prefer→preferred
不规则变化 如:am/is→was→been; are→were→been;
have→had→had; eat→ate→eaten; see→saw→seen;
go→went→gone; think→thought→thought
考点透视
现在分词 一般在动词词尾加-ing 如:play→playing; work→working
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing 如:live→living; make→making
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing 如:sit→sitting; begin→beginning
以ie结尾的动词,一般把ie变为y,再加-ing 如:lie→lying; die→dying; tie→tying
考点透视
—What do you think of the fish soup?
—Well,it ____________(taste) a bit salty.
【解析】根据语境可知,答语应为一般现在时,且主语it为第三人称单数,taste应当用第三人称单数形式。故填入tastes。
【归纳总结】不管考查的是动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式/过去分词还是现在分词,一定要牢记其变化规律,尤其要重点记忆不规则变化的动词的过去式/过去分词形式。
考点透视
1.Lily ____________ (理解) the true meaning of team dancing. She changed and became a good team player.
[2025·四川广安改编]
2.It took the student ten months to do research. He finally ____________ (创造) his first rocket.
[2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔、黑河、大兴安岭改编]
understood
created
考点透视
3.If your school has a student newspaper,check it out or consider joining it. You will know more about what is ____________ (happen) at school through it.
[2025·湖南改编]
4.The key to ____________ (make) proper mooncakes is to gather each ball in layers (层).
happening
making
考点透视
5.
(1)People ____________ the house before the Spring Festival every year.[2023·温州]
(2)A clever English learner often ____________ the meanings of the new words when he reads.[2023·嘉兴、舟山]
(3)Looking at things online can also mean that you are ____________ out on the real world.
miss guess clean
clean
guesses
missing
考点透视
“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态 be是,存在 如:I am a student. 我是一名学生。
“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续 keep (使)保持; remain保持不变; stay保持; lie/stand处于(某种状态) 如:The old man stayed calm.
老人保持平静。
考点透视
“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态 turn (使)变成; become变成; get变得; grow变成; go变得; fall进入(某种状态) 如:Everyone will grow old.
每个人都会变老。
感官系动词(后跟形容词作表语) sound听起来好像; smell闻到; feel感觉;look看上去; taste有……的味道 如:They felt very tired. 他们感到非常累。
考点透视
“似乎”类:表示“看起来像” seem 看来,似乎; appear 看来好像;
look 似乎,显得 如:He seems (to be) very sad.
他看起来很伤心。
“结果”类:表示主语已终止动作 prove 证明; turn out 结果是 如:The search proved difficult.
事实证明,搜查很困难。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
考点透视
I felt _______________(excite) that I was chosen by the teacher this time,although I didn’t have any experience of dancing for a show.
【解析】句意:虽然我没有任何的舞蹈演出经验,但是这次我却被老师选中了,对此我感到很兴奋。分析句子成分可知,felt为feel的过去式,为感官系动词,后面接形容词作表语。 此处表示人的情感,因此应用-ed形式的形容词。故填入excited。
【归纳总结】牢记系动词的用法,其后往往接形容词作表语。
考点透视
1.Your tofu ____________ (有……的味道) so good! You are a good cook,Mrs. Lee. [2025·湖南改编]
tastes
考点透视
2.
(1)The trip _________ really exciting to me. How I wish to go!
(2)There are so many fish swimming in the pool. They ____________ very happy.
(3)Even though I tried to tell her I did need space to relax,we always ended up arguing loudly. It ____________ like a big wall standing between us. [2025·山东临沂改编]
(4)The apples on the table ____________ really good. I want to eat one.
look sound smell feel
sounds
look
felt
smell
考点透视
be 构成进行时 如:I am reading a book. 我正在看一本书。
I was cooking when my mom came back. 我妈妈回来的时候我正在做饭。
构成被动语态 如:The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
考点透视
do 构成疑问句、否定句 如:Do you come from Nanjing? 你来自南京吗?
加强语气 如:He does look tired. 他的确看上去很疲惫。
代替主要动词 如:He can dance as well as he did before. 他舞跳得和从前一样好。
构成否定祈使句 如:Don’t smoke here! 不要在这里吸烟!
have 构成完成时 如:I have been in Hong Kong for two days. 我已经在香港待了两天。
will/shall 构成一般将来时 如:I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。
考点透视
He says that many camps ________(wait) on instructions from the government now.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,“that+从句”作says的宾语,即为宾语从句,而wait则作宾语从句中的谓语动词,因为主句的时态为一般现在时,所以从句的时态根据实际情况来定,根据从句中的now可知从句的时态为现在进行时,即助动词be+动词-ing,且句中的主语camps为可数名词的复数形式,因此be动词应用are。故填入are waiting。
【归纳总结】做题时,注意根据语境判断出句子的时态是什么,再决定需要使用什么助动词来构成该时态。
考点透视
1.If we keep producing plastic products,we ____________ (waste) more energy and make the environment even worse.
2.Bob _____________________ (work) in a hotel for several years.
3.The dinner was cold and she had waited for two and a half hours. At that time,she ____________ (sit) by the table in a dark room.
will waste
worked/has worked
was sitting
考点透视
4.Last month,a Beijing opera competition ___________ (hold) in our school. [2025·山海联盟改编]
5.I _________________ (repeat) the sentence three times,but he still doesn’t understand it.
6.He put the book into his schoolbag. (改为否定句)
He ____________ ___________ the book into his schoolbag.
was held
have repeated
didn’t
put
考点透视
1.情态动词的基本用法
can/
could can 表示现在的能力,意为“能;会”,否定式为can’t/cannot 如:Birds can fly in the sky. 鸟儿能在空中飞翔。
在疑问句中表示请求、允许,意为“可以”; 口语中常用may代替 如:What can I do for you? 我有什么能为你做的吗?
考点透视
can/
could could (can的过去式) 表示过去的能力,意为“能;会”,否定式为couldn’t 如:Lily could play the violin well when she was young.
莉莉小的时候小提琴拉得很好。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求(比can的语气更委婉,答语需要用can/sure/of course) 如:—Could I open the window?我能开窗户吗?
—Yes,you can. 当然可以。
考点透视
may/
might may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,比can/could更正式 如:May I help you? 我能帮上你什么忙吗?
用在祈使句中表示祝愿 如:May you be happy! 祝你幸福!
might (may的过去式) 表示请求、许可时语气比may更委婉 如:Might I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗?
考点透视
must/
mustn’t must 表示义务,意为“必须”,在疑问句中,其否定答语需要用don’t have to或needn’t 如:—Must I go to the post office today?我今天必须要去邮局吗?
—No,you don’t have to/needn’t. But you must go before this weekend. 不,没必要。但是本周末前你必须去。
mustn’t 意为“禁止” 如:You mustn’t play soccer on the street.
禁止在街上踢足球。
考点透视
need 作情态动词,意为“需要”,主要用于一般疑问句和否定句中,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 如:—Need I finish the work today?
我需要今天完成这项工作吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
是的,你必须完成。/不,你不必。
作实义动词,意为“需要”,常用结构:need+n./to do sth. 如:She needs some food and fruit. 她需要一些食物和水果。
考点透视
shall 常用于第一人称的一般疑问句,表示征求意见或建议 如:Shall we go to the museum on Sunday?
我们星期天去博物馆好吗?
should (不可看作shall的过去式) 用于各种人称,表示劝告或建议,意为
“应该” 如:Teenagers should be allowed to make their own choices.
青少年应该被允许去做自己的选择。
考点透视
will/
would will 常用于第二人称的疑问句,表示询问对方的意愿或提出请求 如:Will you pass me the book? 你把那本书递给我好吗?
would (will的过去式) 表示询问对方的意愿或提出请求时语气比will委婉,常与like,love连用 如:Would you like to come to my birthday party?
你愿意来参加我的生日派对吗?
考点透视
2.情态动词易混辨析
(1)表示“能;会”
can 只能表示现在的能力 如:Sam can speak English well. 萨姆英语说得好。
could 只能表示过去的能力 如:Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year,but now he can.
吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。
考点透视
(2)表示“必须;应该”
must “必须”,强调人的主观看法 没有人称和数的变化,一般用于现在时 否定式must not
(mustn’t),意为“禁
止”
have to “不得不”,表示客观需要 有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态 否定式do not (don’t) have to,意为“不必”,相当于needn’t
考点透视
should/ought to “应该” should 较常用;在疑问句中,通常用 should 如:You should take the baby to the doctor’s.
你应该把这个婴儿带去看看医生。
Should we call the police?我们应该叫警察来吗?
had better “最好” 用于多种人称 如:We’d better leave now or we’ll be late for school. 我们最好现在就走,不然上学要迟到了。
考点透视
(3)表示推测
must 肯
定
推
测 “必须;一定” (100%的可能性) 用于肯定句,表示非常有把握的肯定推测 如:The bag must be Jim’s. Look! His ID card is in it.
这个包一定是吉姆的。瞧!他的身份证在里面。
may “也许;可能”(可能性小于must) 用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测 如:It may be Lucy’s. She just bought one the other day.
这可能是露西的。她前几天刚买了一个(这样的)。
might/
could “可能”(可能性小于may) 表推测,语气缓和,比较委婉 如:Peter might come tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
彼得今晚可能会来,但他还不太确定。
考点透视
can’t 否
定
推
测 “一定不,不可能”(0%的可能性) 语气强烈 如:—Is Helen knocking at the door? 是海伦在敲门吗?
—No. It can’t be Helen. She is in America now.
不。不可能是海伦。她现在在美国。
may not “可能不” 语气不确定 如:It may not be Henry’s pen. 这可能不是亨利的钢笔。
考点透视
—Can I watch TV now?
—No,you ________(mustn’t/can’t/needn’t). You __________ (can/must) do your homework first.
【解析】此题考查情态动词的基本用法。can能;会;can’t一定不,不可能; must必须,一定;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。句意:——我现在能看电视吗?——不,你不能。你必须先做家庭作业。故分别填入can’t和must。
考点透视
【归纳总结】情态动词在不同的语境中表示不同的含义,所以解题时要根据具体的语境分析句子的意思,选用正确的情态动词。同时还要注意说话人的语气,结合具体的语境来分析和判断。
考点透视
1.I think the rice really needs my help. I____________ (必须) do something! [2025·江西改编]
2.I cannot ____________ (表达)the feeling of learning that even at my loneliest,I wasn’t alone.
3.Drones (无人驾驶飞机) can be used. They can ___________ (飞) as far as 32 kilometers and travel 16 meters in one second.
must
express
fly
考点透视
4.
(1)—Whose dictionary is this?
—It ____________ be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it.
[2024·云南改编]
(2)Although machines can deal with many tasks,they ____________ do everything! [2025·温州瓯海区模拟改编]
(3)Students ____________ hand in homework today,but they ____________ copy answers.
can’t should mustn’t must
must
can’t
should
mustn’t
考点透视
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